A method for welding dissimilar metal materials

Abstract

The present application discloses a welding method for dissimilar metal materials, comprising the following steps: providing a workpiece to be processed, the workpiece to be processed comprises a plate and a rod, a through hole for inserting the rod is provided on the workpiece, the rod is inserted into the plate, the rod and the plate are relatively fixedly arranged, the plate is a DC01 material, and the rod is a Q235 material; setting the laser head of the laser welding device to a swing mode, the output power of the laser head is a first preset power and a second preset power, and the second preset power is less than the first preset power; the laser beam generated by the laser head acts on the workpiece to be processed, and during the welding process, the workpiece to be processed is rotated, and the workpiece to be processed rotates 390° at a preset speed, wherein before the workpiece to be processed rotates 360°, the first preset power is used to weld the workpiece to be processed, and after the workpiece to be processed rotates 360°, the second preset power is used to weld the workpiece to be processed. The present application has the advantages of good weld quality and high welding efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of laser welding technology, and in particular, relates to a welding method for dissimilar metal materials. Background Art

[0002] Dissimilar metal welding can connect different types of metal materials to form a whole to meet specific industrial or manufacturing needs. Generally, friction welding is used. Friction welding mainly generates heat through friction to cause a certain amount of plastic deformation of the two welded metals, thereby firmly welding them together. The weld quality is poor and the welding effect is low. Summary of the invention

[0003] The embodiment of the present application provides a welding method for dissimilar metal materials to solve the problems of poor weld quality and low welding efficiency in the existing dissimilar metal welding using friction welding.

[0004] The present invention provides a method for welding dissimilar metal materials, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Provide a workpiece to be processed, the workpiece to be processed includes a plate and a rod, the plate is provided with a through hole for inserting the rod, the rod is inserted into the plate, the rod and the plate are relatively fixedly arranged, the plate is DC01 material, and the rod is Q235 material;

[0006] Setting the laser head of the laser welding device to a swing mode, wherein the output power of the laser head is a first preset power and a second preset power, wherein the second preset power is less than the first preset power;

[0007] The laser beam generated by the laser head acts on the workpiece to be processed. During the welding process, the workpiece to be processed is rotated. The workpiece to be processed is rotated 390° at a preset rotation speed. Before the workpiece to be processed is rotated 360°, the first preset power is used to weld the workpiece to be processed. After the workpiece to be processed is rotated 360°, the second preset power is used to weld the workpiece to be processed.

[0008] Optionally, the second preset power is 11% of the maximum power of the laser welding device.

[0009] Optionally, the maximum power is 2000W.

[0010] Optionally, the first preset power is P1, where 1600W≤P1≤1680W.

[0011] Optionally, the swing diameter of the laser head is D, wherein 0.6 mm ≤ D ≤ 0.8 mm;

[0012] And / or, the oscillation frequency of the laser head is F, wherein 80HZ≤F≤100HZ.

[0013] Optionally, the welding speed of the workpiece to be processed is S, wherein 21 mm / s≤S≤24 mm / s.

[0014] Optionally, the laser welding device is set to have a defocus range of -1mm to 1mm.

[0015] Optionally, the thickness of the plate is 3 mm and the diameter of the rod is 6 mm.

[0016] Optionally, the welding efficiency of the workpiece to be processed is T, where 1S≤T≤2S.

[0017] Optionally, the rod is supported by a support member, and the plate is clamped and fixed by a clamp, so that the rod and the plate are relatively fixed.

[0018] A welding method for dissimilar metal materials provided in an embodiment of the present application is used for welding plates of DC01 material and rods of Q235 material. The output power of the laser head is a first preset power and a second preset power. During the welding process, the workpiece to be processed is rotated 390°. Before the workpiece to be processed is rotated 360°, the first preset power is used to weld the workpiece to be processed. After the workpiece to be processed is rotated 360°, the second preset power is used to weld. The first preset power is greater than the second preset power, ensuring that the penetration depth and the penetration width of the weld are uniform, overcoming the problems of poor weld quality and low welding efficiency in the existing friction welding of dissimilar metals, and achieving the advantages of good weld quality and high welding efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

[0020] In order to more completely understand the present application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, the same reference numerals represent the same parts.

[0021] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for welding dissimilar metal materials provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a workpiece to be processed provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0024] The embodiment of the present application provides a method for welding dissimilar metal materials to solve the problems of poor weld quality and low welding efficiency in the existing friction welding of dissimilar metals.

[0025] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a method for welding dissimilar metal materials, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1, providing a workpiece to be processed, the workpiece to be processed includes a plate 100 and a rod 200, the plate 100 is provided with a through hole 110 for inserting the rod 200, the diameter of the through hole 110 is adapted to the diameter of the rod 200, the rod 200 is inserted into the plate 100, the rod 200 and the plate 100 are relatively fixedly arranged, the plate 100 is DC01 material, the rod 200 is Q235 material, the DC01 material is a cold-rolled steel plate, and the Q235 material is a carbon structural steel;

[0027] S2, setting the laser head of the laser welding device to a swing mode, the output power of the laser head to a first preset power and a second preset power, the second preset power being less than the first preset power;

[0028] S3, the laser beam generated by the laser head acts on the workpiece to be processed. During the welding process, the workpiece to be processed is rotated. The workpiece to be processed is rotated 390° at a preset speed. Before the workpiece to be processed is rotated 360°, the first preset power is used to weld the workpiece to be processed. After the workpiece to be processed is rotated 360°, the second preset power is used to weld the workpiece to be processed.

[0029] Research has found that during the laser welding process, when the output power of the laser head increases to the first preset power, the workpiece to be processed is not completely welded through due to insufficient output power and the temperature of the plate. In this application, a second preset power lower than the first preset power is used to cover the first 30° area, so that the width and depth of the weld are as consistent as possible, thereby improving the weld quality.

[0030] In some embodiments, the second preset power is 11% of the maximum power of the laser welding device. The maximum power of the laser welding device is the rated power of the laser welding device. The second preset power is set to decay to 11% of the maximum power of the laser welding device. The second preset power is set reasonably to avoid the occurrence of collapse caused by remelting of the secondary welding area.

[0031] In some embodiments, the maximum power is 2000 W. Correspondingly, the second preset power is 220W.

[0032] In some embodiments, the first preset power is P1, wherein 1600 W ≤ P1 ≤ 1680 W. The value of P1 may be 1600 W, 1610 W, 1620 W, 1630 W, 1640 W, 1650 W, 1660 W, 1670 W, 1680 W or other unspecified values. The first preset power is reasonably set to achieve full penetration, good weld formation, and reduce the probability of pores in the weld.

[0033] In some embodiments, the swing diameter of the laser head is D, wherein 0.6 mm ≤ D ≤ 0.8 mm. The value of D may be 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm or other unspecified values. The swing diameter of the laser head corresponds to the width of the weld. The swing diameter of the laser head is reasonably set to ensure that the plate and the rod can be completely welded together, thereby improving the welding quality.

[0034] In some embodiments, the swing frequency of the laser head is F, where 80HZ≤F≤100HZ. The value of F can be 80HZ, 90HZ, 100HZ or other unspecified values. The swing diameter of the laser head is matched with the swing frequency so that the weld is formed evenly and smoothly.

[0035] In some embodiments, the welding speed of the workpiece to be processed is S, wherein 21 mm / s≤S≤24 mm / s. The value of S may be 21 mm / s, 22 mm / s, 23 mm / s, 24 mm / s or other unspecified values. The welding speed of the workpiece to be processed corresponds to the rotation speed of the workpiece to be processed, and the flux speed is appropriate to ensure the quality of the weld and the surface forming effect.

[0036] In some embodiments, the laser welding device is set to have a defocus of -1 mm to 1 mm. The defocus corresponds to the spot size of the laser beam. A suitable spot size increases the flux area and helps reduce welding spatter.

[0037] In some embodiments, the thickness of the plate 100 is 3 mm, and the diameter of the rod 200 is 6 mm.

[0038] In some embodiments, the welding efficiency of the workpiece to be processed is T, wherein 1S≤T≤2S. The welding effect of the workpiece to be processed is high.

[0039] In some embodiments, the rod 200 is supported by a support member, and the plate 100 is clamped and fixed by a clamp, so that the rod 200 and the plate 100 are relatively fixed. The rod 200 and the plate 100 are fixed by the support plate and the clamp, ensuring that the plate 100 and the rod 200 are closely attached during the welding process, thereby ensuring the welding effect.

[0040] The technical scheme and technical effects of the present application are described in detail below through specific embodiments and comparative examples. The following embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application and do not specifically limit the present application.

[0041] This embodiment aims to investigate the influence of the welding method settings of dissimilar metal materials on the welding effect of dissimilar materials.

[0042] The first test group

[0043] A plate 100 of DC01 material with a thickness of 3 mm and a rod 200 of Q235 material with a diameter of 6 mm are laser welded.

[0044] (1) Clean the plate 100 of DC01 material and the rod 200 of Q235 material with a diameter of 6 mm;

[0045] (2) The plate 100 of DC01 material and the rod 200 of Q235 material are assembled and fixed, wherein the plate 100 is provided with a through hole 110, and the rod 200 is inserted into the through hole of the plate 100, and the positions of the rod and the plate are relatively fixed;

[0046] (3) Perform uniform laser welding on the workpiece along the weld seam. The welding parameters are set as shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1: Welding parameter settings and verification results of the first test group

[0048]

[0049] Combining Table 1 with visual observation, it can be seen that when the parameters of the laser welding device are set the same, the weld width, weld depth and metallographic structure of the workpiece are basically the same. However, it can be seen from visual observation that when the rotation angle of the workpiece is greater than 390°, the end of the back forming of the weld is concave due to heat accumulation; when the rotation angle of the workpiece is less than 390°, the end of the back forming is not completely connected and there are breakpoints; when the rotation angle of the workpiece is 390°, the weld width and weld depth are uniform, no pores are found in the metallographic structure, and the weld surface and back are well formed.

[0050] Second test group

[0051] A plate 100 of DC01 material with a thickness of 3 mm and a rod 200 of Q235 material with a diameter of 6 mm are laser welded.

[0052] (1) Clean the plate 100 of DC01 material and the rod 200 of Q235 material with a diameter of 6 mm;

[0053] (2) The plate 100 of DC01 material and the rod 200 of Q235 material are assembled and fixed, wherein the plate 100 is provided with a through hole 110, and the rod 200 is inserted into the through hole of the plate 100, and the positions of the rod and the plate are relatively fixed;

[0054] (3) Perform uniform laser welding on the workpiece along the weld seam. The welding parameters are set as shown in Table 2.

[0055] Table 2: Welding parameter settings and verification results of the second test group

[0056]

[0057] Combining Table 2 and visual observation, it can be seen that when the first preset power P1 is less than 1600W, the penetration depth is less than 3mm, the power is insufficient, and the initial half circle is not welded through; when the first preset power P1 is greater than 1680W, the weld width is too wide, there are depressions on the surface, and there are pores in the metallographic structure, which affects the welding strength; when the first preset power P1 is between 1600W and 1680W, the penetration depth and weld width are uniform, no pores are seen in the metallographic structure, and the weld surface and back are well formed.

[0058] The third test group

[0059] A plate 100 of DC01 material with a thickness of 3 mm and a rod 200 of Q235 material with a diameter of 6 mm are laser welded.

[0060] (1) Clean the plate 100 of DC01 material and the rod 200 of Q235 material with a diameter of 6 mm;

[0061] (2) The plate 100 of DC01 material and the rod 200 of Q235 material are assembled and fixed, wherein the plate 100 is provided with a through hole 110, and the rod 200 is inserted into the through hole of the plate 100, and the positions of the rod and the plate are relatively fixed;

[0062] (3) Perform uniform laser welding on the workpiece along the weld seam. The welding parameters are set as shown in Table 3.

[0063] Table 3: Welding parameter settings and verification results of the third test group

[0064]

[0065] Combining Table 2 and visual observation, it can be seen that when the swing diameter is less than 0.1mm, the weld width is 0.8mm, the light leaks in the gap between the rod and the plate, resulting in pores and poor welding; when the swing diameter is greater than 0.8, the swing diameter is too large, the weld width is too wide, the weld depth is less than 3mm, it is impossible to penetrate, and the welding is poor; when the swing diameter is between 0.6mm and 0.8mm, the weld depth and weld width are uniform, no pores are seen in the metallographic structure, and the weld surface and back are well formed.

[0066] The fourth test group

[0067] A plate 100 of DC01 material with a thickness of 3 mm and a rod 200 of Q235 material with a diameter of 6 mm are laser welded.

[0068] (1) Clean the plate 100 of DC01 material and the rod 200 of Q235 material with a diameter of 6 mm;

[0069] (2) The plate 100 of DC01 material and the rod 200 of Q235 material are assembled and fixed, wherein the plate 100 is provided with a through hole 110, and the rod 200 is inserted into the through hole of the plate 100, and the positions of the rod and the plate are relatively fixed;

[0070] (3) Perform uniform laser welding on the workpiece along the weld seam. The welding parameters are set as shown in Table 4.

[0071] Table 4: Welding parameter settings and verification results of the fourth test group

[0072]

[0073] Combining Table 4 and visual observation, it can be seen that when the oscillation frequency is less than 80HZ, there are pores in the metallographic structure, and the surface forming is not good-looking and smooth; when the oscillation frequency is greater than 100HZ, the oscillation frequency is high, the spot overlap rate is too high, the heat accumulation is large, and the undercut defect occurs; when the oscillation frequency is between 80HZ and 100HZ, the penetration depth and width are uniform, no pores are seen in the metallographic structure, and the weld surface and back are well formed.

[0074] The fifth test group

[0075] A plate 100 of DC01 material with a thickness of 3 mm and a rod 200 of Q235 material with a diameter of 6 mm are laser welded.

[0076] (1) Clean the plate 100 of DC01 material and the rod 200 of Q235 material with a diameter of 6 mm;

[0077] (2) The plate 100 of DC01 material and the rod 200 of Q235 material are assembled and fixed, wherein the plate 100 is provided with a through hole 110, and the rod 200 is inserted into the through hole of the plate 100, and the positions of the rod and the plate are relatively fixed;

[0078] (3) Perform uniform laser welding on the workpiece along the weld seam. The welding parameters are set as shown in Table 5.

[0079] Table 5: Welding parameter settings and verification results of the fifth test group

[0080]

[0081] Combining Table 5 and visual observation, it can be seen that when the welding speed is less than 22mm / s, the weld width is wider, the weld surface is concave, spatter appears, and there are pores in the metallographic structure, which affects the welding performance; when the welding speed is greater than 24mm / s, the penetration depth is less than 3mm and the weld is not fully penetrated; when the welding speed is between 22~24 mm / s, the penetration depth and width are uniform, no pores are seen in the metallographic structure, and the weld surface and back are well formed.

[0082] An embodiment of the present application also provides a dissimilar metal welding system for plates made of DC01 material and bars made of Q235 material. The dissimilar metal welding system includes a fixing device and a laser welding device. The fixing device is used to fix the plates and bars relatively to each other, and the laser welding device is used to weld the plates and bars along a preset trajectory. The laser head of the laser welding device is in a swinging mode, and the output power of the laser head is a first preset power and a second preset power. The second preset power is less than the first preset power. Before the workpiece to be processed rotates 360°, the first preset power is used to weld the workpiece to be processed. After the workpiece to be processed rotates 360°, the second preset power is used to weld the workpiece to be processed.

[0083] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0084] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features.

[0085] The above is a detailed introduction to a welding method for dissimilar metal materials provided in an embodiment of the present application. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea. At the same time, for technical personnel in this field, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation method and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A method for welding dissimilar metal materials, characterized in that: The steps include: A workpiece to be processed is provided, the workpiece to be processed comprises a plate and a rod, the plate is provided with a through hole for inserting the rod, the rod is inserted into the plate, the rod and the plate are fixedly arranged relative to each other, the plate is made of DC01 material, and the rod is made of Q235 material; the plate has a thickness of 3 mm, and the rod has a diameter of 6 mm; The laser head of the laser welding device is set to a swing mode, the output power of the laser head is a first preset power and a second preset power, the second preset power is less than the first preset power, the first preset power is P1, wherein 1600W≤P1≤1680W; the second preset power is 11% of the maximum power of the laser welding device; The laser beam generated by the laser head acts on the workpiece to be processed. During the welding process, the workpiece to be processed is rotated. The workpiece to be processed is rotated 390° at a preset rotation speed, wherein before the workpiece to be processed is rotated 360°, the first preset power is used to weld the workpiece to be processed, and after the workpiece to be processed is rotated 360°, the second preset power is used to weld the workpiece to be processed; the swing diameter of the laser head is D, wherein 0.6mm≤D≤0.8mm; the swing frequency of the laser head is F, wherein 80HZ≤F≤100HZ.

2. The welding method of dissimilar metal materials according to claim 1, wherein the maximum power is 2000W.

3. The method for welding dissimilar metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The welding speed of the workpiece to be processed is S, wherein 21 mm / s≤S≤24 mm / s.

4. The method for welding dissimilar metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The defocusing amount of the laser welding device is set to -1mm~1mm.

5. The method for welding dissimilar metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rod is supported by a support member, and the plate is clamped and fixed by a clamp, so that the rod and the plate are relatively fixed.

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