Preparation method of biologically-enhanced cattle and sheep manure organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a biologically-enhanced cattle and sheep manure organic fertilizer, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, the preparation method of the biologically-enhanced cattle and sheep manure organic fertilizer comprises the steps of raw material collection and pretreatment, ingredient mixing, moisture and pH value adjustment, microbial agent addition, fermentation treatment, regular pile turning, decomposition determination and the like. The method comprises the following steps: collecting fresh and unpolluted cattle and sheep manure, airing and crushing the cattle and sheep manure, reasonably mixing the cattle and sheep manure with auxiliary materials such as crop straws, rice husks and saw dust, adjusting the moisture and pH value, adding a targeted microbial fermentation agent, fermenting in a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank, and turning the pile at regular intervals. And finally judging the decomposition according to the characteristics of darkening, no obvious peculiar smell, loose texture and the like of the material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and in particular relates to a method for preparing bio-enhanced cattle and sheep manure organic fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] With the development of agriculture, organic fertilizer plays an important role in improving soil quality and improving the quality of agricultural products. As a common raw material for organic fertilizer, cattle and sheep manure is rich in nutrients, but traditional treatment methods often have some problems, such as incomplete fermentation, low nutrient utilization, pathogens and weed seeds, etc. These problems not only affect the quality and effect of organic fertilizer, but also cause potential harm to the soil and environment.

[0003] Therefore, in order to make full use of the nutrient resources of cattle and sheep manure and solve the shortcomings of traditional treatment methods, it is necessary to design a method for preparing bio-fortified cattle and sheep manure organic fertilizer. Through reasonable raw material collection and pretreatment, ingredient mixing, moisture and pH adjustment, microbial agent addition, fermentation treatment, regular composting and maturity judgment, the quality and fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizer can be improved, the impact on the environment can be reduced, and the demand for high-quality organic fertilizer in agricultural production can be met. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing bio-fortified cattle and sheep manure organic fertilizer, aiming to solve the problems of incomplete fermentation, low nutrient utilization, pathogens and weed seeds in the prior art, etc. These problems not only affect the quality and effect of organic fertilizer, but also cause potential harm to soil and environment.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for preparing bio-fortified cattle and sheep manure organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Raw material collection and pretreatment:

[0008] Collect fresh cattle and sheep manure to ensure that it is not seriously polluted by chemicals and pathogens; dry the manure appropriately to reduce the moisture content. If there are large lumps, crush them to make them uniform in texture;

[0009] Step 2: Mix the ingredients:

[0010] The pretreated cattle and sheep manure is mixed with crop straw, rice husk, sawdust and other auxiliary materials in a reasonable proportion; among them, cattle and sheep manure accounts for a larger proportion, crop straw can increase porosity, rice husk can retain water and be breathable, and sawdust can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio;

[0011] Step 3: Water and pH adjustment:

[0012] Use professional instruments to adjust the moisture content of the mixed material to between 55% and 65%, and use lime, sulfuric acid and other regulators to control the pH value to a slightly acidic to neutral range of 6.5-7.5 to create a good environment for microorganisms;

[0013] Step 4: Add microbial agents:

[0014] Select targeted microbial fermentation agents such as Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, and actinomycetes, and add them evenly to the mixed materials according to the established dosage to ensure uniform distribution of microorganisms;

[0015] Step 5: Fermentation treatment:

[0016] Put the prepared materials into professional equipment such as fermentation tanks and fermentation tanks; in the early stage of fermentation, the temperature of the pile rises rapidly to 55℃-70℃ due to microbial metabolism. This high temperature stage can kill pathogens and weed seeds. Then the temperature gradually decreases. The entire fermentation cycle is usually 15-30 days, and the specific duration is affected by the environment and material characteristics;

[0017] Step 6: Turn the pile regularly:

[0018] Turn the materials every 2-3 days to promote the exchange of materials inside and outside, make the microorganisms evenly distributed, prevent local overheating or hypoxia, and ensure the stability of the fermentation process;

[0019] Step 7: Determination of maturity:

[0020] After a period of time, when the material becomes darker in color, has no obvious odor, and has a loose texture, it means that the composting is complete; the composted material can be subsequently processed, such as screening, crushing, granulating, etc., to meet different usage requirements.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. In this scheme, the fermentation effect is improved:

[0023] Raw material collection and pretreatment: Collect fresh cattle and sheep manure and properly dry and crush it to ensure that the manure is not contaminated, reduce the moisture content, and make it uniform in texture, providing a good foundation for the subsequent fermentation process, which is conducive to the full contact and action of microorganisms, thereby improving the uniformity and thoroughness of fermentation;

[0024] Ingredients mixing: reasonably mix cattle and sheep manure with crop straw, rice husk, sawdust and other auxiliary materials. Crop straw increases porosity and promotes air circulation, rice husk retains water and is breathable, and sawdust adjusts the carbon-nitrogen ratio. The synergistic effect of these auxiliary materials provides a suitable growth environment for microorganisms and helps improve fermentation efficiency.

[0025] Moisture and pH adjustment: The moisture content of the mixed material is adjusted to between 55% and 65%, and the pH is controlled in the slightly acidic to neutral range of pH 6.5-7.5 to meet the growth and metabolic needs of microorganisms, which is conducive to the microorganisms to fully play their role in decomposing organic matter and accelerate the fermentation process;

[0026] Addition of microbial agents: Select targeted microbial fermentation agents such as Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, and actinomycetes, and evenly add them to the mixed materials. These microorganisms have a strong ability to decompose organic matter, which can make the entire fermentation process more stable and efficient, reduce fermentation time, and improve fermentation effect;

[0027] Fermentation treatment: Put the prepared materials into fermentation tanks, fermentation tanks and other professional equipment. At the beginning of fermentation, the temperature of the pile rises rapidly to 55℃-70℃. This high temperature stage can kill pathogens and weed seeds, effectively solving the problems of pathogens and weed seeds that may exist in traditional methods and improving the safety of organic fertilizers.

[0028] Turn the pile regularly: Turn the materials every 2-3 days to promote the exchange of materials inside and outside, make the microorganisms evenly distributed, prevent local overheating or hypoxia, ensure the stability of the fermentation process, and further improve the fermentation effect and quality.

[0029] 2. In this plan, improve nutrient utilization:

[0030] Addition of microbial agents: Targeted microbial fermentation agents can quickly convert complex organic matter into nutrients that can be absorbed by plants, improving the conversion efficiency of nutrients and thus improving nutrient utilization;

[0031] Fermentation treatment: Through a reasonable fermentation process, organic matter is fully decomposed and nutrients are released, making the nutrients in organic fertilizer easier to be absorbed and utilized by plants.

[0032] 3. In this plan, reduce the impact on the environment:

[0033] Raw material collection and pretreatment: ensure that the feces are not seriously polluted by chemicals and pathogens, avoid the adverse effects of the organic fertilizer on the soil and crops, and reduce potential harm to the environment;

[0034] Fermentation treatment: The high temperature stage kills pathogens and weed seeds, reducing the risk of pests and diseases that may be caused by the application of organic fertilizers to the soil. At the same time, it effectively inactivates weed seeds and prevents them from competing with crops for nutrients and space, thus protecting the ecological environment.

[0035] Determination of maturity: The matured material has no obvious odor, which means that the harmful gases produced during the fermentation process have been dissipated or decomposed by microorganisms, and will not cause adverse effects on the environment and crops, thus reducing pollution to the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the method for preparing organic fertilizer from cattle and sheep manure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0041] A method for preparing bio-fortified cattle and sheep manure organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0042] Step 1: Raw material collection and pretreatment:

[0043] Collect fresh cattle and sheep manure to ensure that it is not seriously polluted by chemicals and pathogens; dry the manure appropriately to reduce the moisture content. If there are large lumps, crush them to make them uniform in texture;

[0044] Step 2: Mix the ingredients:

[0045] The pretreated cattle and sheep manure is mixed with crop straw, rice husk, sawdust and other auxiliary materials in a reasonable proportion; among them, cattle and sheep manure accounts for a larger proportion, crop straw can increase porosity, rice husk can retain water and be breathable, and sawdust can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio;

[0046] Step 3: Water and pH adjustment:

[0047] Use professional instruments to adjust the moisture content of the mixed material to between 55% and 65%, and use lime, sulfuric acid and other regulators to control the pH value to a slightly acidic to neutral range of 6.5-7.5 to create a good environment for microorganisms;

[0048] Step 4: Add microbial agents:

[0049] Select targeted microbial fermentation agents such as Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, and actinomycetes, and add them evenly to the mixed materials according to the established dosage to ensure uniform distribution of microorganisms;

[0050] Step 5: Fermentation treatment:

[0051] Put the prepared materials into professional equipment such as fermentation tanks and fermentation tanks; in the early stage of fermentation, the temperature of the pile rises rapidly to 55℃-70℃ due to microbial metabolism. This high temperature stage can kill pathogens and weed seeds. Then the temperature gradually decreases. The entire fermentation cycle is usually 15-30 days, and the specific duration is affected by the environment and material characteristics;

[0052] Step 6: Turn the pile regularly:

[0053] Turn the materials every 2-3 days to promote the exchange of materials inside and outside, make the microorganisms evenly distributed, prevent local overheating or hypoxia, and ensure the stability of the fermentation process;

[0054] Step 7: Determination of maturity:

[0055] After a period of time, when the material becomes darker in color, has no obvious odor, and has a loose texture, it means that the composting is complete; the composted material can be subsequently processed, such as screening, crushing, granulating, etc., to meet different usage requirements.

[0056] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, step 1, raw material collection and pretreatment:

[0057] Collecting fresh cattle and sheep manure is the basis for ensuring the quality of organic fertilizer. Fresh manure has a higher nutrient content and has not been piled and decomposed for a long time, so it can retain more effective ingredients and ensure that it is not seriously polluted by chemical pollution and pathogens. This is to avoid the adverse effects of the organic fertilizer on the soil and crops. Properly drying the manure can effectively reduce the moisture content, making it easier for subsequent processing and fermentation. Excessive moisture leads to poor ventilation during the fermentation process, affecting the fermentation effect. If there are large lumps, crush them to make them uniform in texture, which helps the material to fully contact oxygen and microorganisms in the subsequent fermentation process, ensuring the uniformity and thoroughness of the fermentation.

[0058] Step 2: Mix the ingredients:

[0059] The pretreated cattle and sheep manure is mixed with crop straw, rice husk, sawdust and other auxiliary materials in a reasonable proportion. Among them, cattle and sheep manure is the main source of nutrients and accounts for a large proportion. Crop straw is rich in cellulose, which can increase porosity and promote air circulation in the fertilizer pile, provide sufficient oxygen for microorganisms, and accelerate the decomposition of organic matter. Rice husk has good water retention and air permeability, which helps to maintain water balance and gas exchange during the fermentation process. Sawdust can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, so that microorganisms in the fermentation process can more effectively utilize organic matter, improve fermentation efficiency and fertilizer quality;

[0060] Step 3: Water and pH adjustment:

[0061] Use professional instruments to adjust the moisture content of the mixed materials to between 55% and 65%. Within this range, the moisture content can meet the growth and metabolic needs of microorganisms. It will not restrict the activity of microorganisms due to too little moisture, nor will it cause oxygen deficiency and anaerobic fermentation due to too much moisture. Use lime, sulfuric acid and other regulators to control the pH value within the slightly acidic to neutral range of 6.5-7.5. This pH range is an environment suitable for the growth and reproduction of most microorganisms, which is conducive to the microorganisms to give full play to their role in decomposing organic matter, thereby accelerating the fermentation process and improving the quality of fertilizers.

[0062] Step 4: Add microbial agents:

[0063] Select targeted microbial fermentation agents such as Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, and actinomycetes. These microorganisms have a strong ability to decompose organic matter and can quickly convert complex organic matter into nutrients that can be absorbed by plants. Add them evenly to the mixed materials according to the established dosage to ensure that the microorganisms are evenly distributed. This can make the entire fermentation process more stable and efficient, reduce fermentation time, and improve the fertilizer efficiency and quality;

[0064] Step 5: Fermentation treatment:

[0065] Put the prepared materials into professional equipment such as fermentation tanks and fermentation tanks. These professional equipment can provide a relatively stable and controllable environment, which is conducive to the smooth progress of the fermentation process. In the early stage of fermentation, the temperature of the pile rises rapidly to 55℃-70℃ due to microbial metabolism. Microorganisms release heat in the process of decomposing organic matter, causing the temperature to rise. This high temperature stage plays an important role. On the one hand, it can kill pathogens, such as various bacteria, viruses and parasite eggs, thereby reducing the risk of pests and diseases caused by the application of organic fertilizers to the soil; on the other hand, it can effectively inactivate weed seeds to prevent them from germinating and growing in the soil and competing with crops for nutrients and space. Then the temperature gradually drops. This is because with the decomposition of organic matter and the reduction of available nutrients, the metabolic activity of microorganisms gradually slows down. The entire fermentation cycle is usually 15-30 days. The specific duration is affected by the environment and material characteristics. Environmental factors include temperature, humidity, ventilation conditions, etc., while material characteristics include initial organic matter content, carbon-nitrogen ratio, moisture content, etc. If the environmental conditions are suitable and the material characteristics are good, the fermentation cycle will be relatively short; otherwise, it will be extended.

[0066] Step 6: Turn the pile regularly:

[0067] Turn the materials every 2-3 days. Turning the materials has multiple functions. First, it can promote the exchange of materials inside and outside. The temperature inside the materials is often higher and the oxygen content is low, while the temperature outside is relatively lower and the oxygen is sufficient. By turning the materials, the high-temperature part inside can be exposed to the external environment to accelerate heat dissipation. At the same time, fresh oxygen from the outside can enter the materials to provide sufficient oxygen supply for microorganisms. Secondly, the microorganisms are evenly distributed to ensure that organic matter in all parts can be fully decomposed to avoid incomplete local fermentation. Thirdly, it can prevent local overheating or hypoxia. Local overheating can cause the death of microorganisms or abnormal fermentation process. Hypoxia will turn fermentation into anaerobic fermentation, produce odorous substances, and reduce the quality of fertilizer. Regular turning can ensure the stability of the fermentation process and improve the fermentation efficiency and fertilizer quality.

[0068] Step 7: Determination of maturity:

[0069] After a period of time, when the material becomes darker in color, has no obvious odor, and has a loose texture, it indicates that the composting is complete; the darkening of the material color usually means that the decomposition and conversion of organic matter is relatively complete, and the nutrient content is improved; the absence of obvious odor indicates that the harmful gases produced during the fermentation process have been dissipated or decomposed by microorganisms, and will not cause adverse effects on the environment and crops; the loose texture indicates that the structure of the material is improved, which is beneficial to soil ventilation and water retention, and improves the physical properties of the soil; the composted material can be subsequently processed, such as screening to remove impurities, crushing to increase the surface area, and granulating for easy storage and use, etc., to meet different usage requirements; different processing methods can make organic fertilizers better adapt to various fertilization methods and crop needs, and improve their application effects and economic benefits.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing bio-fortified cattle and sheep manure organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Raw material collection and pretreatment: Collect fresh cattle and sheep manure to ensure that it is not seriously polluted by chemicals and pathogens; dry the manure appropriately to reduce the moisture content. If there are large lumps, crush them to make them uniform in texture; Step 2: Mix the ingredients: The pre-treated cattle and sheep manure is mixed with crop straw, rice husk, sawdust and other auxiliary materials in a reasonable proportion; Cow and sheep manure accounts for a large proportion, crop straw can increase porosity, rice husk can retain water and allow air to pass through, and sawdust can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio; Step 3: Water and pH adjustment: Use professional instruments to adjust the moisture content of the mixed material to between 55% and 65%, and use lime, sulfuric acid and other regulators to control the pH value to a slightly acidic to neutral range of 6.5-7.5 to create a good environment for microorganisms; Step 4: Add microbial agents: Select targeted microbial fermentation agents such as Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, and actinomycetes, and add them evenly to the mixed materials according to the established dosage to ensure uniform distribution of microorganisms; Step 5: Fermentation treatment: Put the prepared materials into professional equipment such as fermentation tanks and fermentation tanks; in the early stage of fermentation, the temperature of the pile rises rapidly to 55℃-70℃ due to microbial metabolism. This high temperature stage can kill pathogens and weed seeds. Then the temperature gradually decreases. The entire fermentation cycle is usually 15-30 days, and the specific duration is affected by the environment and material characteristics; Step 6: Turn the pile regularly: Turn the materials every 2-3 days to promote the exchange of materials inside and outside, make the microorganisms evenly distributed, prevent local overheating or hypoxia, and ensure the stability of the fermentation process; Step 7: Determination of maturity: After a period of time, when the material becomes darker in color, has no obvious odor, and has a loose texture, it indicates that the composting is complete; The composted materials can be processed later, such as screening, crushing, granulation, etc., to meet different usage requirements.

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