Inhabitation structure and habitat building method based on different ecological habits of fishes

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection, in particular to an inhabiting structure based on different ecological habits of fishes and a habitat building method. The base body comprises a vertical plate and a cover top plate, and the cover top plate is formed by bending the upper end of the vertical plate towards the downstream direction; side plates are arranged at the two ends of the base body respectively. The vertical plate, the cover top plate and the two side plates jointly define a fish inhabitation chamber with an open downstream end; a lower partition plate and an upper partition plate are arranged in the fish inhabiting chamber to divide the fish inhabiting chamber into an embryonic larva fish layer, a juvenile fish layer and a water level fluctuation layer from bottom to top; a groove plate is arranged in the embryonic larva fish layer; a plurality of grooves are formed in the groove plate, and the bottom of each groove is filled with a substrate; a plurality of plant lattice tables are arranged on the top surface of the trough plate; a square plant table is arranged on the top face of the lower partition plate, and aquatic plants are planted in the plant lattice tables and the square plant table.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection, and in particular to a habitat structure and a habitat construction method based on different ecological habits of fish. Background Art

[0002] Hydropower development is one of the main anthropogenic factors leading to the decline of fish resources and biodiversity crisis in main and tributary rivers. It has adversely affected the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of fish resources in many aspects, including isolation, habitat fragmentation and changes in the spatial and temporal pattern of runoff. After the cascade reservoirs were put into operation, the original natural river section was divided into a "river-reservoir (dam)-river" form, the river continuity was destroyed, and the water area of ​​the reservoir area changed from a river-type habitat to a lake-type habitat. The hydrological regime of the river section below the dam, including runoff, water level, flow velocity, water quality, sediment and temperature, has changed to varying degrees; the above changes will have an important impact on the changes in fish faunal composition, resource quantity, genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and life history strategies. The impact of the cascade reservoir operation on the hydrological regime is mainly reflected in the formation of a slow-flow habitat caused by backflow and flooding in the reservoir area and the change of the hydrological rhythm below the dam. Due to the backflow of water from the reservoir, the river section in the reservoir area has changed from the original natural flowing water habitat to a complex habitat with flowing water, slow-flowing water and still water areas arranged in stages, and the "three fields" belonging to the original fish have been destroyed, resulting in the fish community structure of each cascade reservoir showing a gradient distribution characteristic from upstream to downstream. Many fish adapted to the flowing water habitat are forced to migrate to the river section with a certain flow rate at the tail of the reservoir and its tributaries.

[0003] In addition, habitat changes affected by hydropower development are increasingly causing human activities (such as channelization, dredging, damming and land use changes). In particular, in the context of multi-energy development, the discharge flow of original or existing hydropower is unstable, resulting in unstable water levels in downstream river sections or tributaries, and the emergence of dewatered river sections and backwater river sections. Habitat changes often lead to changes and degradation of river conditions, fragmentation of habitat conditions and degradation of aquatic biodiversity. Human habitat changes, coupled with changes in river temperature and flow conditions, may lead to a continuous decline in aquatic biota. Rivers naturally form an environment for microorganisms, aquatic plants, fish, etc. to live in, and generally have the ability to self-purify water quality. However, due to blind development, siltation and hydrological changes, the microorganisms and aquatic plants living in the river disappear, and the environment for fish to live in also deteriorates, and its desolation has a tendency to gradually intensify. In addition, in the case of natural rivers, if the aquatic plants living in the water disappear, there will also be problems such as poor oxygen supply and difficulty for microorganisms or fish to survive.

[0004] In addition, habitat changes affected by hydropower development are increasingly causing human activities (such as channelization, dredging, damming and land use changes). In particular, in the context of multi-energy development, the discharge flow of original or existing hydropower is unstable, resulting in unstable water levels in downstream river sections or tributaries, and the emergence of dewatered river sections and backwater river sections. Habitat changes often lead to changes and degradation of river conditions, fragmentation of habitat conditions and degradation of aquatic biodiversity. Human habitat changes, coupled with changes in river temperature and flow conditions, may lead to a continuous decline in aquatic biota. Rivers naturally form an environment for microorganisms, aquatic plants, fish, etc. to live in, and generally have the ability to self-purify water quality. However, due to blind development, siltation and hydrological changes, the microorganisms and aquatic plants living in the river disappear, and the environment for fish to live in also deteriorates, and its desolation has a tendency to gradually intensify. In addition, in the case of natural rivers, if the aquatic plants living in the water disappear, there will also be problems such as poor oxygen supply and difficulty for microorganisms or fish to survive.

[0005] For a long time, various types of structures or habitat adaptation methods have been developed to help improve the fish habitat. For example, the patent with the announcement number CN212533945U discloses a river beach fish habitat structure. On the basis of the original abandoned sand mining site, a suitable fish habitat is created by setting up a permeable weir, improving the bottom of the sand mining area, and setting up a sand-carrying submerged dike on one side of the river center. For example, the patent application with the publication number CN116739206A discloses a method for assessing the suitability of fish habitats based on river terrain factors. The fish density, spatial distribution and terrain factors of the study area are obtained through acoustic surveys to identify the fish hotspot distribution area, and the terrain factors of the fish hotspot distribution area are used to establish a habitat suitability model.

[0006] The existing related achievements are mainly the method of forming artificial shoals with miscellaneous stones or gravel in areas with low water depth, the method of setting up dams in rivers to utilize the drop, and the method of using stone nets or mechanical equipment to supply oxygen. However, artificial shoals using miscellaneous stones or stones often lose water in concentrated rainstorms or plum rains, and the method of using mechanical oxygen supply has high costs. Not only is it difficult to maintain the rivers in a limited area, but it is also difficult to maintain the rivers in which they are set up. In addition, in order to use sand and gravel in the river as construction materials, blind collection has led to the disappearance of the habitats of fish that lay eggs on gravel and sand bottoms, facing the risk of extinction, and improvement measures are also needed for this. Summary of the invention

[0007] The main purpose of the present invention is to propose a habitat structure and a habitat construction method based on the different ecological habits of fish, aiming to solve the above technical problems.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, on the one hand, the present invention proposes a habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish, comprising a base and a base body arranged on the base; the base body comprises a vertical plate and a cover plate, the cover plate is formed by bending the upper end of the vertical plate toward the downstream direction; side plates are respectively arranged at both ends of the base body; the vertical plate, the cover plate, and the two side plates together form a fish habitat chamber with an open downstream end; a lower partition plate and an upper partition plate are arranged in the fish habitat chamber to separate the fish habitat chamber from bottom to top into an embryonic larvae layer, a juvenile fish layer, and a young fish layer. and a water level fluctuation layer; a low water level inlet, a middle water level inlet and a high water level inlet are arranged on the vertical plate, and are used to drain the water on the upstream side of the substrate to the embryo and larvae layer, the juvenile and young fish layer and the water level fluctuation layer respectively; a trough plate is arranged in the embryo and larvae layer, and the trough plate is installed on the top surface of the base; a plurality of grooves are arranged on the trough plate, and the bottom of each groove is filled with substrate; a plurality of plant grids are arranged on the top surface of the trough plate; a square plant platform is arranged on the top surface of the lower partition, and aquatic plants are planted in the plant grids and the square plant platforms.

[0009] Preferably, the lower baffle is formed by sequentially splicing a plurality of monomer plates, an L-shaped baffle is arranged between two adjacent monomer plates, the lower end of the L-shaped baffle extends downward and abuts against the top surface of the trough plate; the L-shaped baffle divides the embryo larvae layer into a plurality of cells, and divides the juvenile fish layer into a plurality of cells, and two adjacent cells of the juvenile fish layer are connected by a notch on the L-shaped baffle; a plurality of L-shaped baffles are also arranged in the water level fluctuation layer, and the water level fluctuation layer is divided into a plurality of cells, and two adjacent cells of the water level fluctuation layer are connected by a notch on the L-shaped baffle.

[0010] Preferably, the number of grooves on the trough plate is the same as the number of cells separated on the embryo larvae layer, and a groove is correspondingly arranged in each cell of the embryo larvae layer; two plant grids are arranged in each cell of the embryo larvae layer, and the two plant grids are respectively inlaid at the two sides of the groove mouth; and a square plant grid is inlaid on the top of each monomer plate.

[0011] Preferably, each cell of the embryo and larvae layer is correspondingly provided with a low water level water inlet; each cell of the juvenile and fish layer is correspondingly provided with a middle water level water inlet; each cell of the water level fluctuation layer is correspondingly provided with a high water level water inlet; the angles of the low water level water inlet, the middle water level water inlet and the high water level water inlet are inclined upward along the downstream direction.

[0012] Preferably, the downstream end of the single plate is bent downward to form an energy-reducing block for weakening the energy of water in the cells of the embryo larvae layer.

[0013] Preferably, a pair of substrate backfill platforms and a pair of permeable grille slide rails are provided on the side walls of the groove; the permeable grille slide rails are arranged at intervals above the substrate backfill platforms; the substrate is filled until the bottom is flush with the bottom surface of the substrate backfill platforms; permeable grilles are inserted in the slide grooves of the two permeable grille slide rails, and a plurality of permeable holes are evenly distributed on the permeable grilles.

[0014] Preferably, an external sand cleaning platform is provided at the downstream end of the upper partition, and sand retaining walls are provided on the downstream side edge and both end edges of the external sand cleaning platform; sand cleaning outlet doors are provided at both ends of the external sand cleaning platform; the upper partition is inclined downward along the downstream direction; the top surface of the external sand cleaning platform is a slope structure which is high in the middle and inclined downward toward the direction of the sand cleaning outlet door at both ends.

[0015] Preferably, a sand-draining ridge is provided on the top surface of the base, and the sand-draining ridge is provided around the upstream side of the base and at both ends; the top surface of the sand-draining ridge is not higher than the low-water-level water inlet; a sand-inducing slope is provided at the upstream end of the base; and a sand-draining trough is formed at the intersection of the sand-draining ridge and the base.

[0016] Preferably, a habitat box is suspended in the juvenile fish layer and the water level fluctuation layer; the habitat box is an internal hollow structure; and a fish passage hole for passing water and fish is arranged on the side wall of the habitat box.

[0017] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes a method for creating a habitat based on different ecological habits of fish, using the above-mentioned habitat structure, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1. Site selection for habitat structure placement: shallow pools upstream and downstream of the dam close to the shore and below the lowest water level are selected as habitat structure placement areas;

[0019] S2, placing the habitat structure as a whole in the placement area selected in step S1, wherein the open end of the fish habitat chamber of the habitat structure faces downstream.

[0020] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] (1) by adopting the habitat structure provided by the present invention, in use, the whole habitat structure is placed in the shallow pond below the lowest water level elevation near the bank in the upstream and downstream of the dam, the groove of the groove plate of the embryo larvae layer is filled with substrate that can be used for fish spawning and hatching, and the aquatic plants planted in the plant grid platform provided in the embryo larvae layer simultaneously provide a food source for the fish in the embryo larvae layer. The square plant platform is also provided in the juvenile fish and young fish layer simultaneously, and the aquatic plants in the same square plant platform provide a physical source for the fish in this layer. The needs of the different growth stages of fish can be met by arranging different geology and arranging different aquatic plants in the square plant platform and the plant grid platform according to the different growth stages of fish in the groove.

[0022] (2) By adopting the habitat structure provided by the present invention, the structure is simple and the use cost is low. There is no need to collect sand and gravel from the river as construction materials, which effectively overcomes the problems existing in the prior art.

[0023] (3) The present invention constructs a fish habitat structure with multiple bottom types that is suitable for multiple target fish species. Compared with the traditional single-layer flat habitat type, the present invention provides fish with a more diverse habitat environment. The present invention also takes into account the habitat environment selection of fish at different growth stages, so that fish have adaptive habitat conditions at multiple stages, such as embryonic stage, larval stage, juvenile stage and young fish stage.

[0024] (4) The multiple structures in the present invention are mostly prefabricated structures. When organizing construction and installation, the installation can be completed on land first, and then the fish habitat structure of the present invention can be installed at a designated location in the river channel by lifting machinery and equipment, thereby avoiding the construction workload of underwater operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a habitat structure provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of the habitat structure provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 A partial structural schematic diagram of the habitat structure provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the square plant stand in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water-permeable grille in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the plant grid in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the external sand cleaning platform in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the upper baffle, the high water level water inlet, and the external sand cleaning platform in the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of the water-facing side of the habitat structure provided by the present invention;

[0035] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the inclined structure of the low water level water inlet, the middle water level water inlet and the high water level water inlet in the present invention;

[0036] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the habitat structure provided by the present invention after the habitat box is hung;

[0037] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the habitat boxes connected to each other in the present invention;

[0038] Fig.13 It is a structural schematic diagram of the habitat box in the present invention;

[0039] Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of the habitat structure provided by the present invention when placed upstream and downstream of a dam.

[0040] Description of the accompanying drawings: 1, base; 1a, vertical plate; 1b, cover plate; 101, embryo larvae layer; 1011, bottom substance; 1012, permeable grille; 10121, permeable hole; 1013, permeable grille slide; 1014, bottom substance backfill platform; 1015, habitat platform; 1016, plant grid; 1017, low water level inlet; 102, juvenile fish layer; 1021, lower partition; 1021a, single plate; 1022, square plant platform; 1023, bottom substance backfill platform; 1024, bottom substance backfill platform; 1025, bottom substance backfill platform; 1026, plant grid platform; 1027, low water level inlet; 1028, juvenile fish layer; 1029, bottom partition; 1030, single plate; 1031, single plate; 1032, square plant platform; 1033, bottom substance backfill platform; 1034, bottom substance backfill platform; 1035, bottom substance backfill platform; 1036, bottom substance backfill platform; 1037, bottom substance backfill platform; 1038, bottom substance backfill platform; 1039, bottom substance backfill platform; 1040, bottom substance backfill platform; 1041, bottom substance backfill platform; 1042, bottom substance backfill platform; 1043, bottom substance backfill platform; 1044, bottom substance backfill platform; 1045, bottom substance backfill platform; 1046, bottom substance backfill platform; 1047, bottom substance backfill platform; 1048, bottom substance backfill platform; 1049, bottom substance backfill platform; 1050, bottom substance backfill platform; 1051, bottom substance backfill platform; 1052, bottom substance back 23. L-shaped partition; 1024. Middle water level inlet; 103. Water level fluctuation layer; 1031. Upper partition; 1032. High water level inlet; 1033. External sand cleaning platform; 1034. Sand cleaning outlet door; 1035. Sand retaining wall; 2. Base; 3. Sand discharge channel; 4. Lifting ring; 5. Habitat; 501. Zipper; 502. Fish hole; 503. Zipper opening; 504. Combination hole; 505. Shuttle space; 6. Side panel; 7. Groove panel; 7a. Groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0043] The considered river basin reservoirs or cascade power stations may experience large fluctuations in the water level in the reservoir area and coexistence of reduced water level and dehydrated river sections in the downstream due to their respective water discharge scheduling. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the spawning conditions and growth and development habitats of fish in the river basins upstream and downstream of the dam where this situation occurs. In order to fully improve and strengthen the solution to the existing fish habitat problems, this embodiment proposes a habitat structure and habitat creation method based on the different ecological habits of fish from the aspects of water flow conductivity, water flow and bottom type required by fish at different growth stages, and the accumulation of planktonic food.

[0044] Combination Figures 1 to 13As shown, a habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish comprises a base 2 and a base 1 arranged on the base 2; the base 1 comprises a vertical plate 1a and a cover plate 1b, the cover plate 1b is formed by bending the upper end of the vertical plate 1a toward the downstream direction; side plates 6 are respectively arranged at both ends of the base 1; the vertical plate 1a, the cover plate 1b, and the two side plates 6 together form a fish habitat chamber with an open downstream end; a lower partition 1021 and an upper partition 1031 are arranged in the fish habitat chamber to separate the fish habitat chamber from bottom to top into an embryo larvae layer 101, a juvenile fish layer 102 and a water level fluctuation layer 103, and the three space layers are arranged vertically in sequence from bottom to top. A low water level water inlet 1017, a middle water level water inlet 1024 and a high water level water inlet 1032 are provided on the vertical plate 1a, which are used to drain the water on the upstream side of the substrate 1 to the embryo larvae layer 101, the juvenile fish layer 102 and the water level fluctuation layer 103, respectively. In view of the slightly different flow velocity impacts of the three water inlets and the corresponding fish habitat chambers, the upward oblique inlet angles of the low water level water inlet 1017 and the middle water level water inlet 1024 are greater than the upward oblique angle of the high water level water inlet 1032, so that from the perspective of gold and water The water energy of the habitat chambers of different fish is reduced; a trough plate 7 is arranged in the embryo larvae layer 101, and the trough plate 7 is installed on the top surface of the base 2; a plurality of grooves 7a are arranged on the trough plate 7, and the bottom of each groove 7a is filled with a substrate 1011, and the substrate 1011 is sand, crushed stone, gravel, etc.; a plurality of plant grids 1016 are arranged on the top surface of the trough plate 7; a square plant platform 1022 is arranged on the top surface of the lower partition 1021, and aquatic plants are planted in the plant grids 1016 and the square plant platform 1022.

[0045] In the present embodiment, substrate 1011 is as the important basis for fish spawning, and it can account for different fish species according to the fish resources investigation in the early stage, and in conjunction with the spawning substrate preference of fish species, different substrate types and the particle size of substrate are set in different grooves 7a. Plant lattice platform 1016 can provide more food for the fish in this stage as the food source of embryo larvae layer, and the setting of plant lattice platform 1016 is convenient for aquatic plants to be put into place successively and arrange along the direction of water flow, and increase the ability of blocking food. Adult fish in embryo larvae layer 101, after laying eggs in substrate 1011 at every turn, can vertically swim to plant lattice platform 1016 and find food, replenish the physical strength consumed by fish childbirth.

[0046] In this embodiment, the square plant stands 1022 are arranged in a straight line along the water flow direction. Aquatic plants are arranged on the square plant stands 1022 to ensure the attachment of planktonic food for fish and to provide a training ground for fish in the juvenile fish layer 102 .

[0047] The lower baffle 1021 is formed by sequentially splicing a plurality of monomer plates 1021a, and an L-shaped baffle 1023 is arranged between two adjacent monomer plates 1021a, and the lower end of the L-shaped baffle 1023 extends downward and abuts against the top surface of the trough plate 7; the L-shaped baffle 1023 divides the embryo larvae layer 101 into a plurality of cells, and divides the juvenile fish layer 102 into a plurality of cells, and the adjacent two cells of the juvenile fish layer 102 are connected by the notch on the L-shaped baffle 1023; a plurality of L-shaped baffles 1023 are also arranged in the water level fluctuation layer 103, and the water level fluctuation layer 103 is divided into a plurality of cells, and the adjacent two cells of the water level fluctuation layer 103 are connected by the notch on the L-shaped baffle 1023.

[0048] The number of grooves 7a on the trough plate 7 is the same as the number of cells separated and formed on the embryo larvae layer 101, and a groove 7a is correspondingly arranged in each cell of the embryo larvae layer 101; two plant grids 1016 are arranged in each cell of the embryo larvae layer 101, and the two plant grids 1016 are respectively inlaid at the two sides of the mouth of the groove 7a; a square plant platform 1022 is inlaid on the top of each monomer plate 1021a.

[0049] Combination Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, each cell of the embryo larvae layer 101 is correspondingly provided with a low water level water inlet 1017; each cell of the juvenile fish layer 102 is correspondingly provided with a middle water level water inlet 1024; each cell of the water level fluctuation layer 103 is correspondingly provided with a high water level water inlet 1032; the angles of the low water level water inlet 1017, the middle water level water inlet 1024 and the high water level water inlet 1034 are tilted upward along the downstream direction, and the purpose of being tilted is to greatly reduce the water energy of the water flow entering different layers from the upstream through the water inlet. By reducing the water energy in this way, it is ensured that the water flow inside the space in each vertical layer presents non-turbulent flow.

[0050] In this embodiment, the aperture of the middle water level water inlet 1024 of the juvenile fish layer 102 is larger than the low water level water inlet 1017 of the embryo larvae layer 101. The fish in the juvenile fish layer 102 mainly have certain swimming ability but are still small in size. After the fish in the previous growth stage arrive at the juvenile fish layer 102, they can perform some swimming training and rest here, which provides a foundation for the subsequent growth into larger juvenile fish.

[0051] Combination Figure 3As shown, the downstream end of the monomer plate 1021a is bent downward to form an energy-reducing block, which is used to weaken the water energy in the cells of the embryo larvae layer 101. Since the energy-reducing block is provided, the water energy in the cells of the embryo larvae layer 101 flowing from the low water level water inlet 1017 can be reduced, thereby reducing the water flow impact of this layer on the larvae, ensuring the survival rate of the larvae.

[0052] Combination Figure 2 As shown, a pair of substrate backfilling platforms 1014 and a pair of permeable grille slide rails 1013 are provided on the side walls of the groove 7a; the permeable grille slide rails 1013 are arranged above the substrate backfilling platform 1014 at intervals; the substrate 1011 is filled until the bottom is flush with the bottom surface of the substrate backfilling platform 1014, the purpose of which is to free up spare activity space for fish to rest, while ensuring that the substrate height 1011 is sufficient, and ensuring that fry with weaker swimming ability can choose to hide in the area between the substrate backfilling platform 1014 and the permeable grille slide rails 1013 when swimming. In order to prevent the sand and gravel carried by the water flow entering from the low water level water inlet 1017 from damaging the bottom 1011, a permeable grille 1012 is inserted in the slide groove of the two permeable grille slide rails 1013, and a plurality of permeable holes 10121 are evenly distributed on the permeable grille 1012. The permeable holes 10121 realize the circulation of water and the transfer of floating food for fish. At the same time, the permeable grille 1012 and the top surface of the permeable grille slide rail 1013 together form a habitat platform 1015. The main function of the habitat platform 1015 is to ensure that fish lay eggs and wait there, and provide a good resting place for them. In addition, the permeable grille 1012 needs to be inspected frequently, and the permeable grille 1012 can be pulled out using the slide groove of the permeable grille slide rail 1013 to check its permeability and integrity.

[0053] Combination Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, an external sand cleaning platform 1033 is provided at the downstream end of the upper partition 1031, and sand retaining walls 1035 are provided on the downstream side edge and both end edges of the external sand cleaning platform 1033; sand cleaning outlet doors 1034 are provided at both ends of the external sand cleaning platform 1033; the upper partition 1031 is inclined downward along the downstream direction; the top surface of the external sand cleaning platform 1033 is an inclined structure which is high in the middle and inclined downward toward the direction of the sand cleaning outlet door 1034 at both ends. The aperture of the high water level inlet 1032 of the water level fluctuation layer 103 is relatively large, and some silt will enter the water level fluctuation layer 103. The upper baffle 1031 is set to an inclined shape in the water level fluctuation layer 103 to play a role in guiding sand. When the silt enters the inclined surface of the upper baffle 1031 along the high water level inlet 1032 and accumulates, it will slide into the external sand cleaning platform 1033 under the influence of gravity. The top surface of the external sand cleaning platform 1033 also has a slope. The silt entering the external sand cleaning platform 1033 will slide into the sand cleaning outlet door 1034 along the slope of the external sand cleaning platform 1033, and then slide out of the water level fluctuation layer 103. In addition, due to the provision of the sand blocking wall 1035, the silt is blocked and flows out through the sand cleaning outlet door 1034, thereby preventing the silt from flowing directly down into the downstream end position of the embryo larvae layer 101 and the juvenile fish layer 102, thereby avoiding frightening the fish.

[0054] In this embodiment, the water level fluctuation layer 103 will be submerged during the flood season and will be exposed during the flat water season. This results in more diverse fish food deposited in the water level fluctuation layer 103. Therefore, the side wall surface of the water level fluctuation layer 103 can be set to a rough surface to effectively allow planktonic fish food to adhere. When the water level fluctuation layer 103 enters the layer during the flood season, it can scrape the food attached to the side wall or the bottom plate. Therefore, the water level fluctuation layer 103 has the functional characteristics of storing fish food.

[0055] Combination Fig. 9 As shown, a sand discharge channel 3 is provided on the top surface of the base 2, and the sand discharge channel 3 is arranged around the upstream side and the two end positions of the base 1; the top surface of the sand discharge channel 3 is not higher than the low water level water inlet 1017; a sand guide slope is provided at the upstream end of the base 2; a sand discharge trough is formed at the intersection of the sand discharge channel 3 and the base 2, and the arrangement of the sand discharge channel 3 can effectively prevent the low water level water inlet 1017 of the embryo larvae layer 101 from being blocked by silt accumulation. The silt accumulated below the low water level water inlet 1017 is washed downstream along the water flow through the sand discharge channel 3 around the left and right banks of the habitat structure, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the low water level water inlet 1017 and allowing the embryo larvae layer 101 to retain a normal amount of water inlet impact.

[0056] Combination Figures 11 to 13As shown, a habitat box 5 is suspended in the juvenile fish layer 102 and the water level fluctuation layer 103; the habitat box 5 is an internal hollow structure; and a fish hole 502 for passing water and fish is arranged on the side wall of the habitat box 5. A zipper opening 503 is arranged on the top and bottom surfaces of the habitat box 5, and a plurality of habitat boxes 5 are connected in series through a zipper 501 inserted on the zipper opening 503. Combination holes 504 are arranged on the top, bottom and side surfaces of the habitat box 5. Two habitat boxes 5 adjacent to each other in the same series are fixed by inserting a pin or bolt on the combination hole 504, and two habitat boxes 5 adjacent to each other between two series of habitat boxes 5 are also fixed by inserting a pin or bolt on the combination hole 504. This ensures that all habitat boxes 5 are connected and form a stable whole. The appearance of each habitat box 5 is two conical platform structures, so a shuttle space 505 for fish to swim freely is formed between the habitat boxes 5. The habitat box 5 can prevent the natural enemies of the fish from entering the habitat box 5, thereby protecting the fish.

[0057] In this embodiment, there is a distance between the fish hole 502 on the side wall of each habitat box 5 and the bottom wall of the habitat box 5 to ensure that there is enough water space for the aquatic plants inside the habitat box 5 to survive. The specific need is determined by the water demand of different aquatic plants.

[0058] In this embodiment, the base 2 is connected to the base 1 and the slot plate 7 as a whole by bolts, that is, they can be prefabricated in the form of prefabricated parts and then connected together by bolts. In order to facilitate lifting, a lifting ring 4 is provided on the top surface of the top plate 1a.

[0059] In this embodiment, the body 1 may be made of a transparent material so that the aquatic plants inside the internal habitat structure can receive light.

[0060] Combination Fig.14 As shown, this embodiment also provides a method for creating a habitat based on different ecological habits of fish, using the above-mentioned habitat structure, including the following steps:

[0061] S1. Site selection for habitat structure placement: shallow pools upstream and downstream of the dam close to the shore and below the lowest water level are selected as habitat structure placement areas;

[0062] S2, placing the habitat structure as a whole in the placement area selected in step S1, wherein the open end of the fish habitat chamber of the habitat structure faces downstream.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base (2) and a base body (1) arranged on the base (2); the base body (1) comprises a vertical plate (1a) and a top plate (1b); side plates (6) are respectively arranged at both ends of the base body (1); the vertical plate (1a), the top plate (1b), and the two side plates (6) together form a fish habitat chamber with an open downstream end; A lower baffle (1021) and an upper baffle (1031) are arranged in the fish habitat chamber to separate the fish habitat chamber from bottom to top into an embryo larvae layer (101), a juvenile fish layer (102) and a water level fluctuation layer (103); The vertical plate (1a) is provided with a low water level inlet (1017), a middle water level inlet (1024) and a high water level inlet (1032), which are used to respectively drain water on the upstream side of the base body (1) to the embryo larvae layer (101), the juvenile fish layer (102) and the water level fluctuation layer (103); A slot plate (7) is provided in the embryo larvae layer (101), and the slot plate (7) is installed on the top surface of the base (2); a plurality of grooves (7a) are provided on the slot plate (7), and a substrate (1011) is filled at the bottom of each groove (7a); A plurality of plant grids (1016) are arranged on the top surface of the trough plate (7); a square plant table (1022) is arranged on the top surface of the lower partition plate (1021); and aquatic plants are planted in the plant grids (1016) and the square plant table (1022).

2. A habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower partition (1021) is formed by sequentially splicing a plurality of single plates (1021a), an L-shaped partition (1023) is arranged between two adjacent single plates (1021a), and the lower end of the L-shaped partition (1023) extends downward and abuts against the top surface of the groove plate (7); The L-shaped partition (1023) divides the embryo larvae layer (101) into a plurality of cells, and divides the juvenile fish layer (102) into a plurality of cells, and two adjacent cells of the juvenile fish layer (102) are connected by a notch on the L-shaped partition (1023); A plurality of L-shaped partitions (1023) are also provided in the water level fluctuation layer (103), and the water level fluctuation layer (103) is divided into a plurality of cells, and two adjacent cells of the water level fluctuation layer (103) are connected by a notch on the L-shaped partition (1023).

3. A habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the grooves (7a) on the groove plate (7) is the same as the number of cells separated and formed on the embryo larvae layer (101), and one groove (7a) is correspondingly arranged in each cell of the embryo larvae layer (101); two plant grids (1016) are arranged in each cell of the embryo larvae layer (101), and the two plant grids (1016) are respectively inlaid at two sides of the mouth of the groove (7a); A square plant stand (1022) is inlaid on the top of each single plate (1021a).

4. A habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: Each cell of the embryo larvae layer (101) is correspondingly provided with a low water level water inlet (1017); Each cell of the juvenile fish layer (102) is correspondingly provided with a middle water level water inlet (1024); Each cell of the water level fluctuation layer (103) is correspondingly provided with a high water level water inlet (1032); The angles of the low water level water inlet (1017), the middle water level water inlet (1024) and the high water level water inlet (1034) are inclined upwards along the downstream direction.

5. A habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The downstream end of the single plate (1021a) is bent downward to form an energy-reducing block, which is used to weaken the energy of the water in the cells of the embryo larvae layer (101).

6. A habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A pair of bottom material backfilling platforms (1014) and a pair of permeable grille slide rails (1013) are arranged on the side walls of the groove (7a); the permeable grille slide rails (1013) are arranged at intervals above the bottom material backfilling platforms (1014); the bottom material (1011) is filled until it is flush with the bottom surface of the bottom material backfilling platforms (1014); a permeable grille (1012) is inserted into the slide grooves of the two permeable grille slide rails (1013), and a plurality of permeable holes (10121) are evenly distributed on the permeable grille (1012).

7. A habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: An external sand cleaning platform (1033) is provided at the downstream end of the upper partition (1031), and sand retaining walls (1035) are provided at the downstream edge and both end edges of the external sand cleaning platform (1033); sand cleaning outlet doors (1034) are provided at both ends of the external sand cleaning platform (1033); the upper partition (1031) is inclined downward along the downstream direction; the top surface of the external sand cleaning platform (1033) is an inclined surface structure with a high middle and two ends inclined downward toward the direction of the sand cleaning outlet door (1034).

8. A habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A sand drainage channel (3) is arranged on the top surface of the base (2), and the sand drainage channel (3) is arranged around the upstream side and both ends of the base (1); the top surface of the sand drainage channel (3) is not higher than the low water level water inlet (1017); a sand induction slope is arranged at the upstream end of the base (2); and a sand drainage trough is formed at the intersection of the sand drainage channel (3) and the base (2).

9. A habitat structure based on different ecological habits of fish as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A habitat box (5) is suspended in the juvenile fish layer (102) and the water level fluctuation layer (103); the habitat box (5) is an internal hollow structure; and a fish hole (502) for passing water and fish is arranged on the side wall of the habitat box (5).

10. A method for creating habitats based on different ecological habits of fish, characterized in that: The habitat structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: S1. Site selection for habitat structure placement: shallow pools upstream and downstream of the dam close to the shore and below the lowest water level are selected as habitat structure placement areas; S2, placing the habitat structure as a whole in the placement area selected in step S1, wherein the open end of the fish habitat chamber of the habitat structure faces downstream.

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