Preheating mechanism based on compressed gas energy storage turbo expander

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of compressed gas energy storage, and provides a preheating mechanism based on a compressed gas energy storage turbo expander, which comprises a first heat exchange part, a first bypass adjusting part, a first turbine part and a first air draft part, the first bypass adjusting part is communicated with the first heat exchange part and used for controlling whether heat is transmitted out or not, the first turbine part is provided with an inlet end and an outlet end, the outlet end is communicated with the first bypass adjusting part, in the preheating process, the inlet end is not communicated with the first heat exchange part, and the outlet end is communicated with the first bypass adjusting part; the outlet end is not communicated with the first bypass adjusting part, and the inlet end is communicated with the first heat exchange part for starting the unit. The pipe can be warmed in advance through the first turbine part, and when the first turbine part is started again, the response rate of the first turbine part is increased, and quick starting is achieved to meet the power grid requirement. In the whole process, throttling is conducted through the pipeline, temperature rise is conducted on the heat exchange part in front of the turbine, and no new working medium is introduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of compressed gas energy storage, and in particular relates to a preheating mechanism based on a compressed gas energy storage turbine expander. Background Art

[0002] New energy is gradually becoming the main body of the new power system, and its energy storage status is increasing. At the same time, the combination of large-scale energy storage and conventional industry has enabled the industrial application model to undergo an increasingly flexible transformation. During the low electricity consumption period, energy storage with a lower electricity cost operation mode will have a significant advantage over the operating costs of enterprises. In order to improve the efficiency of the power system, the design of the power system pipeline volume is much larger than that of conventional thermal power units, and the "big pipe and small machine" effect of the entire turbine expander unit is obvious. At the same time, in order to save costs, no bypass system is set. In order to meet the peak-shaving needs of the power grid, energy storage projects usually require fast and frequent start and stop. Therefore, in the frequent start and stop of the existing technical solution, the response rate of the entire unit is slow, resulting in the inability to quickly start the entire turbine expander unit. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a preheating mechanism based on a compressed gas energy storage turbine expander, comprising:

[0004] A first heat exchange part, used to start or stop heating;

[0005] a first bypass regulating part, connected to the first heat exchange part and used to control whether to transfer heat out;

[0006] a first turbine part, having an inlet end and an outlet end, wherein the outlet end is connected to the first bypass regulating part; during the preheating process, the inlet end is not connected to the first heat exchange part, and the outlet end is connected to the first bypass regulating part; after the preheating is completed, the outlet end is not connected to the first bypass regulating part, and the inlet end is connected to the first heat exchange part to prepare for starting the unit;

[0007] The first exhaust part is arranged on the first turbine part and is connected with the outlet end to generate negative pressure so as to preheat the first turbine part quickly.

[0008] Optionally, also include:

[0009] A second heat exchange part, during preheating, one end of the second heat exchange part is connected to the first bypass regulating part, and when starting the unit, the output end of the first turbine part is connected to the second heat exchange part, and the heating of the second heat exchange part is turned off;

[0010] A second bypass regulating part and a second turbine part. During preheating, the other end of the second heat exchange part is connected to the second bypass regulating part, the second bypass regulating part is connected to the outlet end of the second turbine part, and the other end of the second heat exchange part is not connected to the inlet end of the second turbine part. During starting of the unit, the inlet end of the second turbine part is connected to the second heat exchange part, and the outlet end of the second turbine part is not connected to the second bypass regulating part.

[0011] and a second exhaust part, which is arranged on the second turbine part and is connected with the outlet end of the second turbine part to generate negative pressure so as to preheat the second turbine part quickly.

[0012] Optionally, also include:

[0013] A third heat exchange part, during preheating, one end of the third heat exchange part is connected to the second bypass regulating part, and when starting the unit, the output end of the second turbine part is connected to the third heat exchange part, and the third heat exchange part is closed for heating;

[0014] The third bypass regulating part and the third turbine part, during preheating, the other end of the third heat exchange part is connected with the third bypass regulating part, the third bypass regulating part and the outlet end of the third turbine part are connected, and the third bypass regulating part and the inlet end of the third turbine part are not connected; when starting the unit, the inlet end of the third turbine part is connected with the third heat exchange part, and the outlet end of the third turbine part is not connected with the third bypass regulating part.

[0015] Optionally, also include:

[0016] a first airflow control portion, connected to one end of the first heat exchange portion;

[0017] One end of the second airflow control part is connected to the other end of the first heat exchange part. During preheating, the other end of the second airflow control part is not connected to the inlet end.

[0018] Optionally, the first air flow control unit includes a first main air valve, a second main air valve and a first regulating valve. During preheating, the first main air valve is not connected to the first heat exchange unit, and the second main air valve, the first regulating valve and the first heat exchange unit are connected in sequence.

[0019] Optionally, the second air flow control unit includes a third main air valve and a second regulating valve. During preheating, the third main air valve and the second regulating valve connected to the inlet end are closed in sequence, and one end of the third main air valve is connected to the first heat exchange unit.

[0020] Optionally, the first bypass regulating part includes a transmission channel and a control valve, one end of the transmission channel is connected to the first heat exchange part, and the other end is connected to the outlet end of the first turbine part, and the control valve is arranged on the transmission channel to control the opening or closing of the transmission channel.

[0021] Optionally, it further includes a third airflow control part, one end of which is connected to the second heat exchange part, and during preheating, the other end of the third airflow control part is not connected to the inlet end of the second turbine part.

[0022] Optionally, it further includes a high-pressure storage unit, and the gas output from the high-pressure storage unit is connected to the first heat exchange unit after adjusting the gas flow.

[0023] Optionally, it also includes a baffle valve, a muffler and a low-pressure air storage part which are connected in sequence. During preheating, the third bypass regulating part is connected to the third turbine part by opening the baffle valve. When starting the unit, the outlet end of the third turbine part is connected to the baffle valve.

[0024] The preheating mechanism based on the compressed gas energy storage turbine expander of the present invention starts the first heat exchange part and the first bypass regulating part before the first turbine part is started, and the heat airflow generated by the first heat exchange part is transported to the first bypass regulating part. The first bypass regulating part controls the output heat airflow demand. The heat airflow enters the first turbine part through the outlet end for preheating, and the first exhaust part on the first turbine part can accelerate the heat airflow to enter the first turbine part for preheating, so that the first turbine part can warm up the pipe in advance. When the first turbine part is started again, the response rate of the first turbine part is improved, and a rapid start is achieved to meet the needs of the power grid. In addition, in the whole process, the pipeline is throttled and the temperature is increased in the heat exchange part before the turbine, and no new working fluid is introduced.

[0025] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1A schematic diagram of a preheating mechanism based on a compressed gas energy storage turbine expander in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0028] In the figure, 1, the first heat exchange part; 2, the first bypass regulating part; 3, the first turbine part; 4, the first exhaust part; 5, the second heat exchange part; 6, the second bypass regulating part; 7, the second turbine part; 8, the second exhaust part; 9, the third heat exchange part; 10, the third bypass regulating part; 20, the third turbine part; 60, the first air flow control part; 70, the second air flow control part; 61, the first main air valve; 60, the second main air valve; 63, the first regulating valve; 71, the third main air valve; 72, the second regulating valve; 21, the transmission channel; 22, the control valve; 80, the third air flow control part; 81, the fourth main air valve; 82, the third regulating valve; 91, the fifth main air valve; 92, the fourth regulating valve; 90, the high-pressure storage part; 30, the damper valve; 40, the silencer; 50, the low-pressure air storage part; 100, the generator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a preheating mechanism based on a compressed gas energy storage turbine expander, comprising: a first heat exchange part 1, a first bypass regulating part 2, a first turbine part 3 and a first exhaust part 4. It should be noted that a high-pressure storage part 90 is also provided before the first heat exchange part 1. In order to shorten the temperature rise problem of the "large pipe" during the startup process of the unit, the high-pressure and low-temperature working fluid in the high-pressure storage part 90 is used to heat the pipe through the bypass, and the first turbine part 3 is warmed up in advance, thereby improving the response rate and shortening the startup process.

[0031] The first heat exchange part 1 is used to start or stop heating. The heating effect is achieved by controlling the heating time of the first heat exchange part 1. When the heating reaches the expected level, the first heat exchange part 1 can be controlled to stop heating. Of course, after the preheating is completed, when the first heat exchange part 1 does not start the heating function, it can still be connected to the inlet end of the first turbine part 3 through the first heat exchange part 1. The first heat exchange part 1 is a heat exchanger.

[0032] The first bypass regulating part 2 is connected to the first heat exchange part 1 and is used to control whether to transfer heat out. When preheating is required, the first bypass regulating part 2 is opened, and when preheating is not required, the first bypass regulating part 2 is closed.

[0033] The first turbine section 3 has an inlet and an outlet. The outlet is connected to the first bypass regulating section 2. During the preheating process, heat will enter the outlet. The inlet is not connected to the first heat exchange section 1, and the outlet is connected to the first bypass regulating section 2. After the preheating is completed, the outlet is not connected to the first bypass regulating section 2, and no heat will enter the outlet. The inlet is connected to the first heat exchange section 1 to prepare for starting the unit. The first heat exchange section 1 is heated, and the heat flow passes through the first bypass regulating section 2 and finally enters the first turbine section 3 through the outlet of the first turbine section 3 for preheating. Thus, the preheating of the first turbine section 3 is achieved, and when the unit of the first turbine section 3 is started again, the start-up is faster. When the unit is started, the heating function of the first heat exchange section 1 is turned off.

[0034] The first air extraction part 4 is arranged on the first turbine part 3 and is connected to the outlet end to generate negative pressure to quickly preheat the first turbine part 3. Optionally, the first air extraction part 4 is a shaft seal fan. The first turbine part 3 can be preheated more quickly through the first air extraction part 4. Thus, the preheating time of the first turbine part 3 is shortened, and the first turbine part 3 can be started quickly, the response rate is improved, and a quick start is achieved to meet the needs of the power grid.

[0035] In one embodiment, the device further comprises: a second heat exchange part 5, a second bypass regulating part 6, a second turbine part 7 and a second exhaust part 8. During preheating, one end of the second heat exchange part 5 is connected to the first bypass regulating part 2. When starting the unit, the output end of the first turbine part 3 is connected to the second heat exchange part 5, and the second heat exchange part 5 is closed for heating. During preheating, the other end of the second heat exchange part 5 is connected to the second bypass regulating part 6, the second bypass regulating part 6 is connected to the outlet end of the second turbine part 7, and the other end of the second heat exchange part 5 is not connected to the inlet end of the second turbine part 7. When starting the unit, the inlet end of the second turbine part 7 is connected to the second heat exchange part 5, and the outlet end of the second turbine part 7 is not connected to the second bypass regulating part 6. The second exhaust part 8 is arranged on the second turbine part 7, and is connected to the outlet end of the second turbine part 7 to generate negative pressure, so as to quickly preheat the second turbine part 7. In order to quickly preheat the second exhaust part 8, a second heat exchange part 5, a second bypass adjustment part 6 and a second exhaust part 8 are set. Since the second heat exchange part 5, the second bypass adjustment part 6 and the second exhaust part 8 are respectively the same in structure as the first heat exchange part 1, the first bypass adjustment part 2 and the first exhaust part 4, they are also the same in function and will not be repeated here.

[0036] In one embodiment, the device further includes: a third heat exchange part 9, a third bypass regulating part 10 and a third turbine part 20. During preheating, one end of the third heat exchange part 9 is connected to the second bypass regulating part 6. When starting the unit, the output end of the second turbine part 7 is connected to the third heat exchange part 9, and the third heat exchange part 9 is closed for heating. During preheating, the other end of the third heat exchange part 9 is connected to the third bypass regulating part 10, the third bypass regulating part 10 is connected to the outlet end of the third turbine part 20, and the third bypass regulating part 10 is not connected to the inlet end of the third turbine part 20. When starting the unit, the inlet end of the third turbine part 20 is connected to the third heat exchange part 9, and the outlet end of the third turbine part 20 is not connected to the third bypass regulating part 10. It should be noted that after the preheating of the first turbine part 3 and the second turbine part 7 is completed, the third turbine part 20 may be preheated or may not be preheated, and the third turbine part 20 may be started because after preheating, the first turbine part 3 and the second turbine part 7 start quickly. Since the third turbine part 20 starts in advance, when the first turbine part 3 and the second turbine part 7 are working after starting, the third turbine part 20 can also be started without preheating.

[0037] In one embodiment, the device further includes: a first airflow control unit 60 and a second airflow control unit 70. The first airflow control unit 60 is connected to one end of the first heat exchange unit 1. One end of the second airflow control unit 70 is connected to the other end of the first heat exchange unit 1, and during preheating, the other end of the second airflow control unit 70 is not connected to the inlet end. The opening degree of the airflow and the airflow flow rate are controlled by the first airflow control unit 60 to increase the airflow pressure of the high and medium exhausts to assist preheating. It should be noted that when the preheating is ended, the second airflow control unit 70 is opened and the first heat exchange unit 1 is closed for heating, and normal airflow can pass through the first heat exchange unit 1, pass through the second airflow control unit 70, and enter from the inlet end of the first turbine unit 3. Thereby, the first turbine unit 3 can be started.

[0038] In one embodiment, the first air flow control unit 60 includes a first main air valve 61, a second main air valve 62 and a first regulating valve 63. During preheating, the first main air valve 61 is not connected to the first heat exchange unit 1, and the second main air valve 62, the first regulating valve 63 and the first heat exchange unit 1 are connected in sequence. It should be noted that during preheating, the first main air valve 61 is closed, and the second main air valve 62 and the first regulating valve 63 are opened. When the preheating is completed, the first main air valve 61 is opened to be connected to the first heat exchange unit 1, and the second main air valve 62 and the first regulating valve 63 are closed and are not connected to the first heat exchange unit 1. Among them, the first main air valve 61 and the second main air valve 62 can adjust the opening of the air flow, and the first regulating valve 63 is used to control the intake ratio.

[0039] In one embodiment, the second air flow control unit 70 includes a third main air valve 71 and a second regulating valve 72. During preheating, the third main air valve 71 and the second regulating valve 72 connected to the inlet end are closed in sequence, and one end of the third main air valve 71 is connected to the first heat exchange unit 1. It should be noted that the third main air valve 71 is used to adjust the opening of the air flow, and the second regulating valve 72 is used to control the intake ratio. After the preheating is completed, the third main air valve 71 and the second regulating valve 72 are opened at the same time to facilitate the start of the first turbine unit 3.

[0040] In one embodiment, the first bypass regulating part 2 includes a transmission channel 21 and a control valve 22. One end of the transmission channel 21 is connected to the first heat exchange part 1, and the other end is connected to the outlet end of the first turbine part 3. The control valve 22 is arranged on the transmission channel 21 to control the opening or closing of the transmission of the transmission channel 21. It should be noted that during preheating, the transmission channel 21 is opened by opening the control valve 22. After the preheating is completed, the control valve 22 is closed so that the transmission channel 21 is not connected to the outlet end of the first turbine part 3.

[0041] In one embodiment, a third airflow control unit 80 is further included, one end of which is connected to the second heat exchange unit 5, and during preheating, the other end of the third airflow control unit 80 is not connected to the inlet end of the second turbine unit 7. It should be noted that after the preheating is completed, by opening the third airflow control unit 80 and closing the second heat exchange unit 5 for heating, normal airflow can pass through the second heat exchange unit 5, pass through the third airflow control unit 80, and enter from the inlet end of the second turbine unit 7. The third airflow control unit 80 includes a corresponding fourth main air valve 81 and a third regulating valve 82, thereby realizing the control of the size of the airflow and opening or closing.

[0042] In one embodiment, a high-pressure storage unit 90 is further included, and the gas output from the high-pressure storage unit 90 is connected to the first heat exchange unit 1 after adjusting the gas flow rate. By using the high-pressure and low-temperature working fluid in the high-pressure storage unit 90 to heat the pipeline through the bypass, the first turbine unit 3 is warmed up in advance, thereby improving the response rate of the first turbine unit 3.

[0043] In one embodiment, it also includes a damper valve 30, a muffler 40 and a low-pressure gas storage part 50 which are connected in sequence. During preheating, the third bypass regulating part 10 is connected to the third turbine part 20 by opening the damper valve 30. When starting the unit, the outlet end of the third turbine part 20 is connected to the damper valve 30. It should be noted that after the preheating of the first turbine part 3 and the second turbine part 7 is completed, the third turbine part 20 can be preheated or not. During the preheating process, if the preheating purpose is achieved, the airflow can be closed by adjusting the damper valve 30. Of course, after the preheating is completed, when the third turbine part 20 works normally, the damper valve 30 is controlled to open, and finally the gas storage in the low-pressure gas storage part 50 is completed. In order to eliminate the noise of air flow, a muffler 40 is provided.

[0044] In summary, before the compressed gas energy storage is started, the working fluid flows out from the high-pressure storage part 90, passes through the second main gas valve 62 opening, and after the first regulating valve 63 is throttled, it is heated by the first heat exchange part 1 of the bypass to obtain a high-temperature gaseous working fluid, and flows to the first bypass regulating part 2. Then it flows to the outlet end (exhaust pipe) of the first turbine part 3, and the exhaust part arranged on the first turbine part 3 can improve the heat flow transmission efficiency. After being heated again by the second heat exchange part 5, it flows to the outlet end (exhaust pipe) of the second turbine part 7 through the second bypass regulating part 6, and the exhaust part arranged on the second turbine part 7 can improve the heat flow transmission efficiency. After being heated again by the third heat exchange part 9, it flows to the outlet end (exhaust pipe) of the third turbine part after passing through the third bypass regulating part 10, and at the same time enters the low-pressure gas storage part 50 after passing through the muffler 40. It should be noted that the third turbine part 20 may not be heated, so during the preheating process, the damper valve 30 is in a closed state. In addition, during this process, the first main air valve 61, the third main air valve 71, the fourth main air valve 81, the second regulating valve 72, the third regulating valve 82, the fourth regulating valve 92, and the damper valve 30 are all in a closed state, and the second main air valve 62 is fully opened, and the pressure and temperature rise rate therein are controlled by the first regulating valve 63 and the first heat exchange part 1, and the cylinder in the first heat exchange part is assisted to warm up by the opening of the first exhaust part 4, the first bypass regulating part 2, and the second bypass regulating part 6. In addition, there is also a generator 100, which is connected to each turbine part to provide electricity.

[0045] After the preheating is completed, close each preheating valve in turn and release the residual gas in the pipeline.

[0046] It should be noted that: during the preheating process, a small amount of gas is allowed to enter each turbine, and the rotor is allowed to have a certain speed under the premise of ensuring the safety of each rotor. The fourth main air valve 81, the fifth main air valve 91, the third regulating valve 82, and the fourth regulating valve 92 can be configured according to the design requirements of the turbine manufacturer. When the working medium is air, the low-pressure storage part can be omitted and directly emptied.

[0047] The number of turbine parts, the number of heating parts, and the source of compressed gas medium in the present invention are not limited to the above application examples, and can be adjusted according to specific circumstances. For example, the turbine part is changed to two or four sections, the flow direction between each part is changed from single flow to double split flow, axial exhaust, etc., the number of heating parts is changed to two or four sections, and the compressed gas medium can be air, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, helium, etc. These adjusted solutions are all within the scope of the present invention.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] Existing compressed gas energy storage does not have a bypass for economic considerations, and in order to ensure the efficiency of the unit, it presents a "big pipe, small machine" effect. When the temperature of the turbine main engine is high (such as 200°C), in order to improve the response rate and achieve rapid startup to meet the needs of the power grid, it is necessary to preheat the pipeline and cylinder in advance. In order to shorten the temperature rise problem of the "big pipe" during the startup process, the present invention uses the high-pressure and low-temperature working fluid in the high-pressure storage unit 90 to heat the pipeline through the bypass (all main gas valves are fully closed, and the turbine does not take in air), and warm the pipe in advance, thereby improving the response rate and achieving rapid startup to meet the needs of the power grid.

[0050] The present invention utilizes the high-pressure and low-temperature working fluid in the high-pressure storage part 90 to increase the temperature in the pre-turbine heat exchange part through throttling, and does not introduce new working fluid. When the unit is operating normally, the preheating circuit is in a closed state, which does not affect the unit's economic performance.

[0051] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preheating mechanism based on a compressed gas energy storage turbine expander, characterized in that: include: A first heat exchange part (1) is used to start or stop heating; A first bypass regulating part (2), which is in communication with the first heat exchange part (1) and is used to control whether to transfer heat out; a first turbine section (3) having an inlet end and an outlet end, the outlet end being in communication with the first bypass regulating section (2); during the preheating process, the inlet end is not in communication with the first heat exchange section (1), and the outlet end is in communication with the first bypass regulating section (2); after the preheating is completed, the outlet end is not in communication with the first bypass regulating section (2), and the inlet end is in communication with the first heat exchange section (1) in preparation for starting the unit; The first exhaust part (4) is arranged on the first turbine part (3) and is connected to the outlet end so as to generate negative pressure to quickly preheat the first turbine part (3).

2. The preheating mechanism based on the compressed gas energy storage turbine expander according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: a second heat exchange part (5), wherein during preheating, one end of the second heat exchange part (5) is connected to the first bypass regulating part (2); when starting the unit, the output end of the first turbine part (3) is connected to the second heat exchange part (5), and the second heat exchange part (5) is closed for heating; a second bypass regulating section (6) and a second turbine section (7); during preheating, the other end of the second heat exchange section (5) is connected to the second bypass regulating section (6), the second bypass regulating section (6) is connected to the outlet end of the second turbine section (7), and the other end of the second heat exchange section (5) is not connected to the inlet end of the second turbine section (7); when starting the unit, the inlet end of the second turbine section (7) is connected to the second heat exchange section (5), and the outlet end of the second turbine section (7) is not connected to the second bypass regulating section (6); and a second air exhaust portion (8) which is arranged on the second turbine portion (7) and is connected to the outlet end of the second turbine portion (7) so as to generate negative pressure to quickly preheat the second turbine portion (7).

3. The preheating mechanism based on the compressed gas energy storage turbine expander according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Also includes: a third heat exchange part (9), wherein during preheating, one end of the third heat exchange part (9) is connected to the second bypass regulating part (6); when starting the unit, the output end of the second turbine part (7) is connected to the third heat exchange part (9), and the third heat exchange part (9) is closed for heating; The third bypass regulating part (10) and the third turbine part (20) are connected. During preheating, the other end of the third heat exchange part (9) is connected to the third bypass regulating part (10), the outlet end of the third bypass regulating part (10) and the third turbine part (20) are connected, and the inlet end of the third bypass regulating part (10) and the third turbine part (20) are not connected. When starting the unit, the inlet end of the third turbine part (20) is connected to the third heat exchange part (9), and the outlet end of the third turbine part (20) is not connected to the third bypass regulating part (10).

4. The preheating mechanism based on the compressed gas energy storage turbine expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A first airflow control portion (60) connected to one end of the first heat exchange portion (1); One end of the second airflow control part (70) is connected to the other end of the first heat exchange part (1); during preheating, the other end of the second airflow control part (70) is not connected to the inlet end.

5. The preheating mechanism based on compressed gas energy storage turbine expander according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The first air flow control part (60) comprises a first main air valve (61), a second main air valve (62) and a first regulating valve (63); during preheating, the first main air valve (61) is not connected to the first heat exchange part (1), while the second main air valve (62), the first regulating valve (63) and the first heat exchange part (1) are connected in sequence.

6. The preheating mechanism based on the compressed gas energy storage turbine expander according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The second air flow control part (70) comprises a third main air valve (71) and a second regulating valve (72). During preheating, the third main air valve (71) and the second regulating valve (72) connected to the inlet end are closed in sequence, and one end of the third main air valve (71) is connected to the first heat exchange part (1).

7. The preheating mechanism based on compressed gas energy storage turbine expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first bypass regulating part (2) comprises a transmission channel (21) and a control valve (22); one end of the transmission channel (21) is connected to the first heat exchange part (1), and the other end is connected to the outlet end of the first turbine part (3); the control valve (22) is arranged on the transmission channel (21) to control the opening or closing of the transmission channel (21).

8. The preheating mechanism based on compressed gas energy storage turbine expander according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a third airflow control section (80), one end of which is connected to the second heat exchange section (5), and during preheating, the other end of the third airflow control section (80) is not connected to the inlet end of the second turbine section (7).

9. The preheating mechanism based on compressed gas energy storage turbine expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a high-pressure storage part (90), and the gas outputted from the high-pressure storage part (90) is communicated with the first heat exchange part (1) after adjusting the gas flow rate.

10. The preheating mechanism based on compressed gas energy storage turbine expander according to claim 3, characterized in that: The machine also comprises a damper valve (30), a muffler (40) and a low-pressure air storage unit (50) which are connected in sequence. During preheating, the damper valve (30) is opened to connect the third bypass regulating unit (10) with the third turbine unit (20). When the machine is started, the outlet end of the third turbine unit (20) is connected with the damper valve (30).

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