Ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system and method, and relates to the technical field of ships, and the ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system comprises a sunlight-based optical monitoring module and a particle capture and photocatalysis-based self-purification module located at the rear end of the optical monitoring module, the optical monitoring module comprises a first sunlight leading-in assembly and a monitoring assembly which are located on the two sides of the exhaust pipe, the first sunlight leading-in assembly is used for irradiating tail gas in the exhaust pipe with sunlight, and the monitoring assembly is used for capturing spectral changes after the sunlight penetrates through the tail gas and shooting tail gas images; the self-purification module comprises a filter assembly located in the exhaust pipe and at least two photocatalytic assemblies located at the rear end of the filter assembly. According to the system, the first sunlight introduction assembly, the monitoring assembly and the photocatalysis assembly are adopted, tail gas component measurement is directly conducted in the exhaust pipe according to the optical principle, a sampling pipe is not needed, errors and cleaning cost caused by the sampling pipe are reduced, and the whole system is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly through solar energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ships, and in particular relates to a ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system and method. Background Art

[0002] With the increase of environmental awareness and the improvement of emission standards, the monitoring of ship exhaust emissions has received more and more attention. Modern ships are usually equipped with exhaust emission monitoring systems to monitor the concentration and emission of pollutants in ship exhaust in real time. These systems can ensure that the ship complies with relevant environmental regulations and standards during operation.

[0003] However, the existing ship exhaust emission monitoring system has some shortcomings, especially in terms of real-time and accuracy of monitoring. It usually uses a sampling pipeline to transport the exhaust gas to the analysis module for processing. The transmission of the exhaust gas in the pipeline takes a certain amount of time, resulting in the system's feedback on exhaust emissions not being timely enough, and impurities such as particulate matter in the exhaust gas will gradually accumulate on the inner wall of the sampling tube, which may cause certain components in the exhaust gas to be adsorbed, reacted or changed during the transmission process, thereby affecting the final test accuracy. At the same time, the sampling tube needs to be cleaned and maintained regularly, increasing workload and cost; the existing ship exhaust emission monitoring and purification system has poor energy conservation and environmental protection performance, and consumes a certain amount of energy (such as electricity, heat energy, etc.) during operation, which increases the operating cost of the ship.

[0004] To this end, we provide a ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system and method to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system and method in response to the problems of the background technology.

[0006] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system includes an optical monitoring module based on sunlight and a self-purification module based on particle capture and photocatalysis located at the rear end of the optical monitoring module, wherein the optical monitoring module includes a first sunlight introduction component and a monitoring component located on both sides of an exhaust pipe, wherein the first sunlight introduction component is used to irradiate sunlight on the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe, and the monitoring component is used to capture the spectral changes after sunlight penetrates the exhaust gas and to take images of the exhaust gas; a first closing mechanism is slidably provided in the exhaust pipe for shielding the first sunlight introduction component and the monitoring component when not monitoring.

[0008] The self-purification module includes a filter assembly located inside the exhaust pipe and at least two photocatalytic assemblies located at the rear end of the filter assembly. The outside of the exhaust pipe is provided with a plurality of second sunlight introduction assemblies corresponding one-to-one to the photocatalytic assemblies for applying sunlight to the photocatalytic assemblies. The exhaust pipe is also slidably provided with a plurality of second closing mechanisms for shielding the second sunlight introduction assemblies to adjust the state of the photocatalytic assemblies.

[0009] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the first sunlight introduction component includes a skylight located on the top of the ship and a main light guide pipe fixedly connected to the skylight; three first light guide branches are arranged on the side surface of the lower end of the main light guide pipe and are inserted into the exhaust pipe, and three auxiliary light sources are arranged on the other side surface of the lower end of the main light guide pipe and are distributed at equal intervals and correspond one to one with the first light guide branches; a second light guide branch is arranged on the side surface of the main light guide pipe located above the auxiliary light source, and a diffuser is arranged on the second light guide branch for evenly diffusing sunlight into the surrounding environment.

[0010] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the first sunlight introduction component also includes a photovoltaic panel located on the top of the ship and a battery pack electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel. The battery pack is used to power the electrical components of the optical monitoring module and the self-purification module or other parts of the ship.

[0011] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the monitoring component includes three mounting tubes that are fixed on the exhaust pipe and correspond one-to-one to the first light guide branches, and a spectrometer and a high-definition camera integrated into the mounting tubes; the outer end of the mounting tube is provided with a radiator connected to it, and a cooling fan is provided on the side of the radiator.

[0012] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the first closing mechanism includes an annular closing plate slidably arranged on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe and a first electric push rod for driving the annular closing plate to move; the annular closing plate is provided with a through hole for sunlight to pass through, and an elastic connecting cover is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the annular closing plate on one side of the through hole, a third magnetic suction plate is provided at the end of the elastic connecting cover, and a cleaning block is provided inside the elastic connecting cover.

[0013] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the end fixing sleeve of the first light guide branch tube is provided with a first magnetic attraction plate, and the end fixing sleeve of the mounting tube is provided with a second magnetic attraction plate; the first magnetic attraction plate and the second magnetic attraction plate are both attracted to the third magnetic attraction plate.

[0014] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the filter assembly includes a cylinder fixed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe and a filter element installed in the cylinder; the inner wall of the cylinder is respectively provided with a first air hole for blowing the side of the filter element and a second air hole for blowing the end face of the filter element, and a hot air blower connected to the cylinder is provided on the outside of the exhaust pipe.

[0015] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the photocatalytic component includes two bearing seats and a rotating drum rotatably arranged between the two bearing seats; a plurality of catalyst plates evenly distributed along the circumference are installed on the surface of the rotating drum, and the bearing seat is fixed to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe by a bracket.

[0016] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the second closing mechanism includes an arc-shaped closing plate slidably arranged on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe and a second electric push rod for driving the arc-shaped closing plate to move; the arc-shaped closing plate is also provided with a through hole for sunlight to pass through, and an elastic connecting cover, a third magnetic plate and a cleaning block for closing and cleaning the second sunlight introduction component.

[0017] A ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification method comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1. Open the first sunlight introduction component and the monitoring component through the first sealing mechanism, introduce sunlight into the exhaust pipe through the first sunlight introduction component, and irradiate the exhaust gas at the upper, middle and lower parts of the exhaust pipe through the three first light guide branches;

[0019] S2. The spectrometer of the monitoring component is used to capture the spectral changes after sunlight penetrates the exhaust gas, and the spectral changes are analyzed to obtain the types and concentrations of pollutants in the exhaust gas. A high-resolution HD camera is also used to capture images of the exhaust gas to assist in spectral analysis.

[0020] S3. Capture particulate matter in the exhaust gas through a filtering component, and based on the type and concentration of the pollutants, open a corresponding number of second sunlight introduction components through a second sealing mechanism, and based on the cooperation between the second sunlight introduction components and the photocatalytic component, oxidize or reduce harmful components in the exhaust gas into non-polluting substances.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The present invention sets a first sunlight introduction component and a monitoring component, adopts non-contact online monitoring technology, and uses optical principles to directly measure the exhaust gas composition in the exhaust pipe. No sampling tube is required, which reduces the error and cleaning cost caused by the sampling tube. At the same time, the first sunlight introduction component and the monitoring component can be cleaned regularly to ensure their normal operation and measurement accuracy. Based on sunlight, the entire optical monitoring module is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0023] 2. The present invention arranges a filtering component and a photocatalytic component, utilizes the synergistic effect of particle capture and photocatalysis, and efficiently purifies pollutants in ship exhaust gas. The photocatalytic component is based on sunlight, and utilizes sunlight to excite photocatalysts to promote the oxidation and decomposition of pollutants in the exhaust gas. At the same time, it utilizes sunlight to heat the exhaust gas to promote the decomposition of harmful substances. The entire self-purification module is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and has a better purification effect.

[0024] 3. The present invention provides a second sealing mechanism, which can open a corresponding number of first sunlight introduction components based on the pollution degree of the exhaust gas through the second sealing mechanism, so that the system can adapt to the use of exhaust gases with different pollution degrees and improve the service life of the photocatalytic components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first sunlight introduction component of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the monitoring component of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first closing mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter assembly of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photocatalytic component of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the second closing mechanism of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure:

[0033] 1. First sunlight introduction component; 101. Daylighting cover; 102. Light guide main pipe; 103. First light guide branch pipe; 104. First magnetic plate; 105. Auxiliary light source; 106. Second light guide branch pipe; 107. Diffuser; 108. Battery pack; 109. Photovoltaic panel; 2. Monitoring component; 201. Mounting tube; 202. Second magnetic plate; 203. Spectrometer; 204. High-definition camera; 205. Radiator; 206. Cooling fan; 3. Filter component; 301. Cylinder; 302. Filter element; 303, first air hole; 304, second air hole; 305, hot air blower; 4, photocatalytic component; 401, rotating drum; 402, bearing seat; 403, catalyst plate; 5, exhaust pipe; 6, first closing mechanism; 601, annular closing plate; 602, first electric push rod; 603, through hole; 604, elastic connecting cover; 605, third magnetic plate; 606, cleaning block; 7, second closing mechanism; 701, arc-shaped closing plate; 702, second electric push rod; 8, second sunlight introduction component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is necessary to point out here that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Technical personnel in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] In order to solve the existing ship exhaust emission monitoring system, the exhaust gas is generally transported to the analysis equipment for processing through a sampling pipeline. There are certain problems in the real-time and accuracy of monitoring, and the energy-saving and environmental protection of the entire system are poor. Please refer to Figure 1The present invention provides a ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system, comprising an optical monitoring module based on sunlight and a self-purification module based on particle capture and photocatalysis located at the rear end of the optical monitoring module. The optical monitoring module comprises a first sunlight introduction component 1 and a monitoring component 2 located on both sides of an exhaust pipe 5. The first sunlight introduction component 1 is used to irradiate sunlight on the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe 5, and the monitoring component 2 is used to capture the spectrum change after sunlight penetrates the exhaust gas and take an exhaust image; the self-purification module comprises a filter component 3 located inside the exhaust pipe 5 and at least two photocatalytic components 4 located at the rear end of the filter component 3. The outer side of the exhaust pipe 5 is provided with a plurality of second sunlight introduction components 8 corresponding to the photocatalytic components 4 for applying sunlight to the photocatalytic components 4. The non-contact online monitoring technology is adopted, and the optical principle is used to directly measure the exhaust gas components in the exhaust pipe 5, without the need for a sampling tube, thereby reducing the error and cleaning cost caused by the sampling tube, and utilizing the synergistic effect of particle capture and photocatalysis to efficiently purify the pollutants in the ship exhaust gas. Based on sunlight, the whole system is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0037] like Figure 2-3 As shown, the first sunlight introduction component 1 includes a daylighting cover 101 located on the top of the ship and a main light guide pipe 102 fixedly connected to the daylighting cover 101; three first light guide branches 103 are arranged on the side of the lower end of the main light guide pipe 102 and are inserted into the exhaust pipe 5, and three auxiliary light sources 105 are arranged on the other side of the lower end of the main light guide pipe 102 and are arranged one by one with equal spacing and corresponding to the first light guide branches 103; a second light guide branch 106 is arranged on the side of the main light guide pipe 102 located above the auxiliary light source 105, and a diffuser 107 is arranged on the second light guide branch 106 for uniformly diffusing sunlight into the surrounding environment, and the second light guide branch 106 and the diffuser 107 are added, so that the first sunlight introduction component 1 also has a lighting function; the first sunlight introduction component 1 also includes a photovoltaic panel 109 located on the top of the ship and a battery pack 108 electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel 109. The structure of the second sunlight introduction component 8 is the same as that of the first sunlight introduction component 1.

[0038] The monitoring assembly 2 includes three mounting tubes 201 that penetrate and are fixed on the exhaust pipe 5 and correspond to the first light guide branch tubes 103 one by one, and a spectrometer 203 and a high-definition camera 204 integrated into the mounting tubes 201; a heat sink 205 is provided at the outer end of the mounting tube 201 and is sleeved therewith, and a cooling fan 206 is provided on the side of the heat sink 205. The heat sink 205 and the cooling fan 206 can efficiently dissipate the heat generated by the spectrometer 203 and the high-definition camera 204 into the air to ensure normal operation.

[0039] During monitoring, sunlight enters the main light guide pipe 102 through the light cover 101, and is transported to each first light guide branch pipe 103 through the main light guide pipe 102. The exhaust gas at the upper, middle and lower parts of the exhaust pipe 5 is irradiated through the three first light guide branches 103. The pollutants in the exhaust gas interact with the light, resulting in observable changes in the spectrum. The spectrometer 203 captures the spectral changes after the sunlight penetrates the exhaust gas, analyzes the spectral changes, and deduces the types and concentrations of pollutants in the exhaust gas. A high-resolution HD camera 204 is equipped to capture images of the exhaust gas to assist in spectral analysis.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, the filter assembly 3 includes a cylinder 301 fixed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 5 and a filter element 302 installed in the cylinder 301; the inner wall of the cylinder 301 is respectively provided with a first air hole 303 for blowing the side of the filter element 302 and a second air hole 304 for blowing the end face of the filter element 302, and the outer side of the exhaust pipe 5 is provided with a hot air blower 305 connected to the cylinder 301. The filter element 302 captures harmful particles in the exhaust gas, and the filter element 302 can be regenerated regularly based on solar energy. During regeneration, the hot air ejected from the hot air blower 305 enters the cylinder 301 through the pipeline, and then blows all parts of the filter element 302 through the first air hole 303 and the second air hole 304, burns the particles in the filter element 302, and achieves regeneration.

[0041] In order to improve the photocatalytic effect and the purification efficiency of exhaust gas, such as Figure 6 As shown, the photocatalytic component 4 includes two bearing seats 402 and a rotating drum 401 rotatably arranged between the two bearing seats 402; a plurality of catalyst plates 403 evenly distributed along the circumference are installed on the surface of the rotating drum 401, and the bearing seat 402 is fixed to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 5 through a bracket. The exhaust gas can drive the catalyst plate 403 to rotate, and the rotational motion helps the exhaust gas to contact the catalyst plate 403 more fully, so that the pollutants in the exhaust gas can contact the surface of the photocatalyst more evenly, thereby improving the efficiency and effect of the photocatalytic reaction. At the same time, each catalyst plate 403 can be fully in contact with sunlight to avoid uneven use; sunlight can not only excite the photocatalyst and promote the oxidation and decomposition of pollutants in the exhaust gas, but also use sunlight to heat the photocatalytic component 4 to promote the decomposition of harmful substances. The entire photocatalytic component 4 has good energy-saving and environmental protection properties.

[0042] The present invention also provides a ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification method, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1, opening the first sunlight introduction component 1 and the monitoring component 2 through the first sealing mechanism 6, introducing sunlight into the exhaust pipe 5 through the first sunlight introduction component 1, and irradiating the exhaust gas at the upper, middle and lower parts of the exhaust pipe 5 through the three first light guide branches 103;

[0044] S2, the spectrometer 203 of the monitoring component 2 captures the spectral changes after the sunlight penetrates the exhaust gas, analyzes the spectral changes to obtain the types and concentrations of pollutants in the exhaust gas, and is equipped with a high-resolution HD camera 204 to take images of the exhaust gas to assist in spectral analysis;

[0045] S3. The particulate matter in the exhaust gas is captured by the filtering component 3. Based on the type and concentration of the pollutants, a corresponding number of second sunlight introduction components 8 are opened through the second sealing mechanism 7. Based on the cooperation between the second sunlight introduction components 8 and the photocatalytic component 4, the harmful components in the exhaust gas are oxidized or reduced to non-polluting substances.

[0046] Embodiment 2

[0047] On the basis of the first embodiment, in order to solve the problem that the end of the first light guide branch 103 and the end of the mounting tube 201 are exposed to the exhaust gas and are easily contaminated with particles, resulting in reduced monitoring accuracy, such as Figure 1 , 4 As shown, a first sealing mechanism 6 is slidably provided in the exhaust pipe 5 for shielding the first sunlight introduction component 1 and the monitoring component 2 when not monitoring.

[0048] The first closing mechanism 6 includes an annular closing plate 601 slidably arranged on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 5 and a first electric push rod 602 for driving the annular closing plate 601 to move; the annular closing plate 601 is provided with a through hole 603 for sunlight to pass through, and an elastic connecting cover 604 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the annular closing plate 601 located on one side of the through hole 603, and a third magnetic plate 605 is arranged at the end of the elastic connecting cover 604, and a cleaning block 606 is arranged inside the elastic connecting cover 604; the end fixing sleeve of the first light guide branch tube 103 is provided with a first magnetic plate 104, and the end fixing sleeve of the mounting tube 201 is provided with a second magnetic plate 202; the first magnetic plate 104 and the second magnetic plate 202 are both attracted to the third magnetic plate 605.

[0049] When the optical monitoring module needs to be monitored, the annular closing plate 601 is driven to move by the first electric push rod 602. At this time, the first magnetic plate 104 and the second magnetic plate 202 are separated from the third magnetic plate 605 until the through hole 603 moves to the end of the first light guide branch 103 and the installation tube 201, and the sunlight passes through the through hole 603 to irradiate the exhaust gas; when the optical monitoring module does not need to be monitored, the annular closing plate 601 is driven to move by the first electric push rod 602 until the first magnetic plate 104 and the second magnetic plate 202 are attracted to the third magnetic plate 605, closing the end of the first light guide branch 103 and the installation tube 201 to prevent the entry of exhaust gas particles. At the same time, during the movement, the mirror surface is cleaned by the cleaning block 606.

[0050] Embodiment 3

[0051] On the basis of the first and second embodiments, in order to make the self-purification module adapt to the use of tail gas with different pollution levels and to increase the service life of the self-purification module, Figure 1 , 7 As shown, a plurality of second closing mechanisms 7 for shielding the second sunlight introduction component 8 to adjust the state of the photocatalytic component 4 are slidably provided in the exhaust pipe 5; the second closing mechanism 7 includes an arc-shaped closing plate 701 slidably provided on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 5 and a second electric push rod 702 for driving the arc-shaped closing plate 701 to move; the arc-shaped closing plate 701 is also provided with a through hole 603 for sunlight to pass through, and an elastic connecting cover 604, a third magnetic plate 605 and a cleaning block 606 for closing and cleaning the second sunlight introduction component 8.

[0052] The type and concentration data of pollutants in the exhaust gas measured by the spectrometer 203 are transmitted to the system controller. Based on the pollution degree of the exhaust gas, the controller controls the required position and the required number of second electric push rods 702 to start. The second electric push rods 702 drive the arc-shaped closing plate 701 to move, exposing the end of the first light guide branch 103 of the second sunlight introduction component 8, so that the system can adapt to the use of exhaust gases with different pollution degrees and improve the service life of the photocatalytic component 4.

[0053] It should be noted that the controller adjusts the movement of the second electric push rod 702 based on the monitoring data of the spectrometer 203. Its working principle belongs to the existing mature technology, and its circuit connection structure is a common connection method, which only needs to be adjusted according to different application environments, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0054] The above-mentioned embodiment only expresses one implementation mode of the present invention, and its description is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system, comprising an optical monitoring module based on sunlight and a self-purification module based on particle capture and photocatalysis located at the rear end of the optical monitoring module, characterized in that: The optical monitoring module comprises a first sunlight introduction component (1) and a monitoring component (2) located on both sides of the exhaust pipe (5), wherein the first sunlight introduction component (1) is used to irradiate sunlight onto the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe (5), and the monitoring component (2) is used to capture the spectral changes after the sunlight penetrates the exhaust gas and to take an image of the exhaust gas; A first sealing mechanism (6) is slidably disposed in the exhaust pipe (5) for shielding the first sunlight introduction component (1) and the monitoring component (2) when not in monitoring mode; The self-purification module comprises a filter assembly (3) located inside an exhaust pipe (5) and at least two photocatalytic assemblies (4) located at the rear end of the filter assembly (3); a plurality of second sunlight introduction assemblies (8) corresponding one-to-one to the photocatalytic assemblies (4) and used for applying sunlight to the photocatalytic assemblies (4) are provided on the outside of the exhaust pipe (5); A plurality of second sealing mechanisms (7) for shielding the second sunlight introduction component (8) to adjust the state of the photocatalytic component (4) are also slidably disposed in the exhaust pipe (5).

2. A ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first sunlight introduction component (1) comprises a skylight (101) located on the top of the ship and a light guide main pipe (102) fixedly connected to the skylight (101); The lower end side surface of the main light guide tube (102) is provided with three first light guide branch tubes (103) which are evenly spaced and inserted into the exhaust pipe (5); the other lower end side surface of the main light guide tube (102) is provided with three auxiliary light sources (105) which are evenly spaced and correspond one to one with the first light guide branch tubes (103); A second light guide branch tube (106) is provided on the side of the main light guide tube (102) located above the auxiliary light source (105), and a diffuser (107) for uniformly diffusing sunlight into the surrounding environment is provided on the second light guide branch tube (106).

3. A ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first sunlight introduction component (1) further comprises a photovoltaic panel (109) located on the top of the ship and a battery pack (108) electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel (109).

4. A ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The monitoring assembly (2) comprises three mounting tubes (201) which penetrate and are fixed on the exhaust pipe (5) and correspond one-to-one with the first light guide branches (103), and a spectrometer (203) and a high-definition camera (204) which are integrated into the mounting tubes (201); The outer end of the installation tube (201) is provided with a heat sink (205) sleeved therewith, and a heat dissipation fan (206) is provided on the side of the heat sink (205).

5. A ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first sealing mechanism (6) comprises an annular sealing plate (601) slidably arranged on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe (5) and a first electric push rod (602) for driving the annular sealing plate (601) to move; The annular closing plate (601) is provided with a through hole (603) for sunlight to pass through, an elastic connection cover (604) is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the annular closing plate (601) located on one side of the through hole (603), a third magnetic attraction plate (605) is provided at the end of the elastic connection cover (604), and a cleaning block (606) is provided inside the elastic connection cover (604).

6. A ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The end fixing sleeve of the first light guide branch tube (103) is provided with a first magnetic attraction plate (104), and the end fixing sleeve of the installation tube (201) is provided with a second magnetic attraction plate (202); The first magnetic attraction plate (104) and the second magnetic attraction plate (202) are both attracted to the third magnetic attraction plate (605).

7. A ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter assembly (3) comprises a cylinder (301) fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe (5) and a filter element (302) installed in the cylinder (301); The inner wall of the cylinder (301) is provided with a first air hole (303) for blowing the side of the filter element (302) and a second air hole (304) for blowing the end surface of the filter element (302), and the outer side of the exhaust pipe (5) is provided with a hot air blower (305) connected to the cylinder (301).

8. A ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photocatalytic assembly (4) comprises two bearing seats (402) and a rotating drum (401) rotatably arranged between the two bearing seats (402); A plurality of catalyst plates (403) evenly distributed along the circumference are mounted on the surface of the rotating drum (401), and the bearing seat (402) is fixed to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe (5) via a bracket.

9. A ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second sealing mechanism (7) comprises an arc-shaped sealing plate (701) slidably arranged on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe (5) and a second electric push rod (702) for driving the arc-shaped sealing plate (701) to move; The arc-shaped closing plate (701) is also provided with a through hole (603) for sunlight to pass through, and an elastic connecting cover (604), a third magnetic plate (605) and a cleaning block (606) for closing and cleaning the second sunlight introduction component (8).

10. A ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification method, using a ship exhaust emission monitoring and self-purification system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, opening the first sunlight introduction component (1) and the monitoring component (2) through the first sealing mechanism (6), introducing sunlight into the exhaust pipe (5) through the first sunlight introduction component (1), and irradiating the exhaust gas at the upper, middle and lower parts of the exhaust pipe (5) through the three first light guide branches (103); S2, capturing the spectral changes of sunlight after penetrating the exhaust gas through the spectrometer (203) of the monitoring component (2), analyzing the spectral changes to obtain the types and concentrations of pollutants in the exhaust gas, and equipping a high-resolution high-definition camera (204) to take images of the exhaust gas to assist in spectral analysis; S3. Particulate matter in the exhaust gas is captured by the filtering component (3). Based on the type and concentration of the pollutants, a corresponding number of second sunlight introduction components (8) are opened through the second sealing mechanism (7). Based on the cooperation between the second sunlight introduction components (8) and the photocatalytic component (4), harmful components in the exhaust gas are oxidized or reduced to non-polluting substances.

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