Three-dimensional seismic exploration profile notch prediction method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas seismic exploration, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional seismic exploration section notch prediction method. The method comprises the following steps: performing forward modeling to obtain each single shot record, performing CDP gather rearrangement on each single shot record, and performing dynamic correction and dynamic correction cutting operation after rearrangement; generating a single-shot data conical surface taking a shot point as a vertex by using the seismic record subjected to dynamic correction excision; then generating a multi-shot data conical surface by using each single-shot data conical surface, wherein the multi-shot data conical surface is an intersection of outer envelope surfaces of the maximum reflection angle seismic records of each stratum in the shot-geophone pair of the CDP surface element; and finally, determining the size of the seismic section gap of the forbidden area according to the slices of the multi-shot data conical surface. According to the method, the size of the seismic section notch can be visually known through the slicing of the multi-shot data conical surface, the method does not need complex calculation, and compared with a method in the prior art, the calculation efficiency is obviously improved on the basis of guaranteeing the prediction precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas seismic exploration, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional seismic exploration profile gap prediction method. Background Art

[0002] Seismic acquisition is the foundation and source of the entire seismic exploration and the guarantee for obtaining high-quality seismic data. Acquisition design has received more and more attention, among which the observation system is the core of acquisition design. The seismic acquisition observation system is the relative position relationship between the shot points that artificially excite seismic waves and the detector points that receive seismic waves. The shot points in field seismic exploration are often affected by surface conditions and safety distances. For example, when firing in obstacle areas such as buildings, roads, bridges, and rivers, the shot point layout must be offset to ensure sufficient safety distance. However, the offset will inevitably lead to uneven distribution of shot points in seismic acquisition construction, resulting in empty shot sections and seismic profile gaps. In order to obtain high-quality seismic data, it is necessary to predict the profile gaps of the observation system to facilitate supplementary shot analysis.

[0003] Existing optimization methods are designed with the idea of ​​excitation as the center. For example, the Chinese invention patent with the authorization announcement number CN104570062B discloses a VSP observation system design method with excitation as the center. In this method, the observation system is designed with the idea of ​​excitation as the center, and then on the basis of the conventional observation system, the Gaussian ray beam target layer energy illumination method is used for supplementary shooting. Specifically, the position and arrangement of the shot points are redesigned, and then through the ray tracing calculation in the S-CRP-P direction and the ray tracing calculation in the P-CRP-S direction, the distribution of the shot points that need to be supplemented is finally obtained. The overall process is complicated and the calculation efficiency is low. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional seismic exploration profile gap prediction method to solve the problems of complex calculation process and low efficiency in the prior art.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a three-dimensional seismic exploration profile gap prediction method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1) Generate CDP surface grid using observation system and no-shot zone; establish layered velocity model and perform forward modeling to obtain each single shot record;

[0007] 2) Rearranging each single shot record according to the CDP gather, performing dynamic correction and dynamic correction removal operations after rearrangement; and then using the seismic record after dynamic correction removal to generate a single shot data cone with the shot point as the vertex, the single shot data cone is the outer envelope of the seismic record of the maximum reflection angle of each stratum in the shot detection pair of the CDP bin element;

[0008] 3) Generate a multi-shot data cone using each single-shot data cone, where the multi-shot data cone is the intersection of the outer envelope of the seismic records of the maximum reflection angle of each stratum in the shot-check pair of the CDP bin;

[0009] 4) Determine the size of the gap in the seismic profile of the prohibited area based on the slices of the multi-shot data cone.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: the present invention obtains a multi-shot data cone by combining single-shot data cones generated by forward modeling single-shot records or field single-shot records. The size of the seismic profile gap can be intuitively understood through slicing of the multi-shot data cone. This method does not require complicated calculations. Compared with the methods in the prior art, the calculation efficiency is significantly improved while ensuring the prediction accuracy.

[0011] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the vertex angle of the single shot data cone is:

[0012]

[0013] Where MUTtime is the NMO removal time; θ is the vertex angle of the single-shot data cone; and offset is the offset.

[0014] Furthermore, the means of generating the single shot data cone surface in step 2) is: using the seismic record after the dynamic correction removal to generate a single shot data cone, and then extracting the single shot data cone surface from the single shot data cone. The single shot data cone surface is expressed by the following formula:

[0015]

[0016] Where t is the time value in the single shot record; Δx and Δy are the differences between the spatial coordinate value of the vertex of the single shot data cone and the coordinate value of the detection point.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 3), the multi-shot data cone is generated by any of the following methods:

[0018] Method 1: Use the single-shot data cone representation formula to determine whether the CDP bin mesh is within the single-shot data cone, and use different methods to mark the internal area and external area of ​​the single-shot data cone; determine the boundaries of different annotation results at each time, and use the boundaries to generate the multi-shot data cone;

[0019] Method 2: Taking the size of the basic bin of the observation system as the scale and the number of template shots of the observation system as the period, the single-shot data cone is sliced ​​in the longitudinal scrolling direction of the observation system arrangement, and the 1+(N-1) templatePS row of data of the single-shot data cone is retained, where N is the natural sequence number; for the data retained in the single-shot data cone, different methods are used to mark the internal area and the external area of ​​the single-shot data cone; then the boundaries of different annotation results at each time are determined, and the multi-shot data cone is generated using this boundary.

[0020] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is: different methods are used to generate multi-shot data cones in response to different situations, which are suitable for different work areas.

[0021] Furthermore, the size of the gap in the seismic profile includes the longitudinal gap length and the transverse gap width of the seismic profile; in the forbidden area, the multi-shot data cone is sliced ​​along the longitudinal rolling direction and the transverse rolling direction of the observation system to generate gap profiles in two directions, and then the longitudinal gap length and the transverse gap width of the seismic profile are determined based on the gap profiles in the two directions.

[0022] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that by arranging the slices in the longitudinal rolling direction and the transverse rolling direction of the observation system, the longitudinal gap length and the transverse gap width of the seismic profile can be intuitively seen.

[0023] Furthermore, the size of the gap in the seismic section includes the vertical gap depth of the seismic section; the method for obtaining the vertical gap depth of the seismic section is any one of the following:

[0024] Method 1: In the forbidden shooting area, the notch profile in the longitudinal rolling direction of the observation system is generated for the multi-shot data cone surface, and then the vertical notch depth of the seismic profile is determined according to the notch profile in this direction;

[0025] Method 2: Slice the multi-shot data cone along the horizontal rolling direction of the observation system in the forbidden shooting area to generate the notch profile in that direction, and then determine the vertical notch depth of the seismic profile based on the notch profile in that direction;

[0026] Method 3: Slice the multi-shot data cone along the time axis in the forbidden shot area to generate the corresponding notch profile, and then determine the vertical notch depth of the seismic profile based on the notch profile in this direction;

[0027] Method 4: Calculate using the following formula:

[0028]

[0029] Where gap_h is the vertical gap depth of the seismic profile; T 0 is the slice depth value; C is a constant; L is the minimum offset of the target pixel in the obstacle area; VR is the replacement speed of the target layer at the obstacle; D is the dynamic correction stretching threshold.

[0030] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that different methods can be flexibly selected to determine the depth of the gap in the seismic profile according to different situations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the three-dimensional seismic exploration profile gap prediction method of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is the observation system and the forbidden area map of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a layered model diagram of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a single shot record diagram of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional display diagram of a single shot record of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional display diagram of single shot record excision of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 It is the transverse and horizontal slice display diagram of the CDP gather dynamic correction resection of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 It is the CDP gather dynamic correction excision transverse, longitudinal and horizontal slice display diagram of the present invention;

[0039] Fig. 9 It is the spatial relationship diagram of the cone function of the present invention;

[0040] FIG. 10( a ), FIG. 10( b ), and FIG. 10( c ) are respectively a single shot data cone surface diagram, a single shot data cone surface combination diagram, and a three-dimensional display diagram of a single shot data cone surface of the present invention;

[0041] FIG. 11( a ), FIG. 11( b ), FIG. 11( c ), and FIG. 11( d ) are horizontal slice diagrams of single shot data at different times of the present invention, respectively;

[0042] Fig.12 It is a multi-gun data cone stereoscopic display diagram of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.13 It is a plane display diagram of the shot point position and multi-shot data cone of the present invention;

[0044] FIG. 14( a ) is a multi-shot data cone slice position diagram of the present invention;

[0045] FIG. 14( b ) is a cross-sectional profile 1 diagram generated along the X-axis direction for the multi-shot data cone B2 according to the present invention;

[0046] FIG. 14( c ) is a cross-sectional profile 2 diagram generated along the Y-axis direction for the multi-shot data cone surface B2 according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0048] Method Example:

[0049] A three-dimensional seismic exploration profile gap prediction method of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0050] Step 1: Input the observation system and the forbidden area. Specifically: input the coordinates of the obstacle area boundary box, and expand the obstacle boundary according to the safety distance to generate the forbidden area, input the shot point distance SI, shot line distance SLI, receiving point distance RI, receiving line distance RLI, observation system template line number templateXS, observation system template shot number templatePS and shot point coordinate file, and generate CDP grid BIN ij .

[0051] Step 2: Establish a layered velocity model and perform a single shot forward. Specifically: Establish a layered velocity model and perform a single shot record A1 of an array slice forward, determine the first layer velocity (V1, H1), the second layer velocity (V2, H2) to the nth layer velocity (Vn, Hn) and the replacement velocity value.

[0052] Step 3: Rearrange the CDP gathers, perform dynamic correction, and remove the CDP gathers after dynamic correction to obtain the vertex angle of the single-shot data cone. Specifically: rearrange the single-shot record A1 according to the CDP gathers, perform dynamic correction on the CDP gathers, remove the CDP gathers after dynamic correction with a given removal time and offset list (MUTtime, offset), and retain the data within the vertex angle of the single-shot data cone to obtain the seismic record A2, where the vertex angle of the single-shot data cone can be obtained by the relationship between the dynamic correction removal time and the offset, and the formula is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] Where MUTtime is the dynamic correction removal time value or the time value in the single shot record; θ is negatively correlated with the speed of dynamic correction switching. The larger the speed, the smaller the removal. θ is also called the vertex angle of the single shot data cone in formula (2); offset is the shot offset.

[0055] Step 4: Rotate the seismic record after the dynamic correction removal by 360 degrees to generate a single shot data cone B1-1 or B1-2; determine the effective data cone with the shot point as the center. There are two methods to determine the effective data cone:

[0056] Method 1: Rotate the seismic record A2 360 degrees to generate a single shot data cone and extract the single shot data cone surface B1-1. The single shot data cone surface B1-1 is a function of the spatial coordinates, the time value in the single shot record and the vertex angle of the single shot data cone surface. It is the outer envelope of the seismic record of the maximum reflection angle of each stratum in the shot inspection of the CDP bin, and can be expressed by the following formula:

[0057]

[0058] Where t is the time value in the single shot record; θ is the vertex angle of the single shot data cone, which is positively correlated with the speed of the dynamic correction removal in formula (1). The larger the speed, the larger θ is; Δx and Δy are the differences between the spatial coordinate value of the single shot data cone vertex and the coordinates of the detection point, or the differences between the spatial coordinate value of the CDP bin and the coordinates of the detection point.

[0059] Method 2: Input the CDP data set of the shot point on the actual production longitudinal survey line near the obstacle area, and use formula (1) to perform dynamic correction and excision to generate the seismic record A2-2. Use formula (2) to rotate the seismic record A2-2 360 degrees to generate the single-shot data cone. That is, according to the difference Δx and Δy values ​​between the top coordinates of the single-shot data cone and the coordinates of the detection point, and the top angle θ of the single-shot data cone, the start time t of each valid data is calculated to extract the single-shot data cone B1-2.

[0060] Step 5: Intersect and merge multiple single-shot data cones to generate a multi-shot data cone B2. Specifically: place the top of the single-shot data cone B1-1 or B1-2 at the coordinate positions of all shot points in the observation system, and perform the outer envelope intersection of the data cones of multiple shot points. The multi-shot data cone is the intersection of the outer envelope of the seismic records of the maximum reflection angle of each stratum in the shot detection of the CDP surface element. There are two methods for determination:

[0061] Method 1: Apply the time t value of formula (2) to each single-shot data cone to determine whether the surface element grids in the X and Y directions are within the single-shot data cone, mark the inner area of ​​the cone with 1, and the outer area of ​​the cone with 0, and read the boundaries of data 0 and 1 at different times t to generate the multi-shot data cone B2.

[0062] Method 2: First, slice the single-shot data cone surface in the X direction with the size of the observation system basic bin BIN as the scale and the number of observation system template shots templatePS as the period, and retain the data in the (1+(N-1) templatePS)th row of the single-shot data cone surface. The value of the natural sequence number N is in the range of [1,3000]. Then, apply the time t value of formula (2) to each single-shot data cone surface to determine whether the bin grid in the X and Y directions is within the single-shot data cone surface, mark the inner area of ​​the cone surface with 1, and mark the outer area of ​​the cone surface with 0. Read the boundaries of data 0 and 1 at different times t to generate the multi-shot data cone surface B2.

[0063] Among the above two methods, method 1 is used to approximately obtain the multi-shot data cone surface, which is suitable for work areas with large surface velocity similar to mountains; method 2 is to obtain the multi-shot data cone surface by taking into account the differences between each shot in the template shot of the observation system, and is suitable for obtaining the data cone surface in work areas with small surface velocity similar to plains.

[0064] Step 6: Slice the multi-shot data cone B2 in the obstacle area along the X, Y, and Z directions to generate a notch profile, and predict the longitudinal notch length, transverse notch width, and vertical notch depth of the seismic profile. Specifically:

[0065] 1) Generate profile 1 along the X-axis direction for the multi-shot data cone surface B2 to determine the gap length gap_wx1 and the gap depth gap_hx1 in the X direction at the obstacle area; the X-axis direction is the longitudinal rolling inline direction of the observation system arrangement.

[0066] 2) Generate profile 2 along the Y-axis direction for the multi-shot data cone surface B2 to determine the gap width gap_wy1 and the gap depth gap_hy1 in the Y direction at the obstacle area; the Y-axis direction is the crossline direction of the lateral rolling direction of the observation system arrangement.

[0067] 3) The multi-shot data cone B2 is sliced ​​along the Z axis or time axis to generate sliceZ1 to calculate the notch depth, and the constant parameter C in formula (3) is obtained to approximate the notch depth. The notch depth of the deepest bin of multiple targets is measured on the multi-shot data cone, and then the gap depth gap_h formula of the seismic profile at the obstacle area is corrected to obtain the constant parameter C to approximate the notch depth. It should be noted that the gap_h formula is applicable to the condition of regular shape of the obstacle area, and is not applicable to the supplementary shot with lateral offset in the crossline direction.

[0068]

[0069] Where gap_h is the depth of the gap in the seismic profile; T 0 is the slice depth value; C is a constant; L is the minimum offset of the target bin in the obstacle area or the size of the obstacle area in the inline direction; VR is the replacement speed of the target layer at the obstacle; D is the dynamic correction stretching threshold value, which can be taken as 0.125.

[0070] The implementation process of the above method is further described in detail by taking a specific example as follows.

[0071] Step 1: Input the observation system and the no-gun zone. Input the boundary coordinates of the obstacle zone, and expand the obstacle boundary according to the safety distance to generate the no-gun zone ( Figure 2 As shown in the figure), input the shot point distance SI as 50m, shot line distance SLI as 400m, receiving point distance RI as 25m, receiving line distance RLI as 200m, observation system template line number templateXS as 32, observation system template shot number templatePS as 4 shots and shot point coordinate file, generate CDP grid BIN ij , i and j are natural serial numbers, the grid size of the BIN size is 12.5m*25m, the longitudinal direction along the receiving line is represented by X or inline, and the number is INL line number. The direction perpendicular to the receiving line is represented by Y or crossline, and the number is CRL number.

[0072] Step 2: Establish a layered velocity model and perform a single shot forward simulation. Figure 3 The model size is 18500m in length in the X direction, 8000m in length in the Y direction, and 6500m in length in the Z direction. It is performing a single shot record A1 of an array slice (such as Figure 4 As shown), determine the first layer speed (V1, H1), the second layer speed (V2, H2), to the nth layer speed (Vn, Hn), where (V1, H1) is (1000, 250), to (V6, H6) is (5000, 6500) ( Figure 3 As shown), the replacement speed is 2000m / s.

[0073] Table 1

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] Step 3: CDP gathers are rearranged and corrected for moving averages to obtain the single-shot cone vertex angle. Figures 5 and 6 As shown in Figure 2, the CDP data set is rearranged and the CDP data set dynamic correction and dynamic correction are removed to obtain the seismic record A2, as shown in Figure 2. Figures 7 and 8As shown. Formula (1) is used to obtain the single-shot cone vertex angle. The dynamic correction removal distance time parameter control point (X, T) or (offset, MUTtime) is shown in the dynamic correction removal XT table (as shown in Table 2). The single-shot cone vertex angle θ in formula (2) is 53.13°.

[0077] Table 2

[0078] Layer number Distance X(s) Time T(ms) 1 100 200 2 200 400 3 300 600 4 400 800 5 500 1000 6 600 1200 7 700 1400 8 800 1600 9 900 1800

[0079] Step 4: Rotate the seismic record after the dynamic correction removal by 360 degrees to generate the single shot data cone data B1-1 or B1-2; determine the effective data cone with the shot point as the center. There are two ways to determine the effective data cone. The first method is used here, that is, rotate the seismic record A2 by 360 degrees to generate a single shot data cone. Fig. 9 The cone surface PMNK shown is calculated by applying formula (2) with the coordinates of point N relative to the cone top as (Δx, Δy) to generate the single-shot data cone surface B1-1.

[0080] Step 5: Combine multiple single-shot data cone intersections to generate a multi-shot data cone B2. Place the top of the single-shot data cone B1-1 or B1-2 at the coordinate positions of all shot points in the observation system, and combine the outer envelopes of the data cone intersections of multiple shot points. The multi-shot data cone is the intersection of the outer envelopes of the seismic records of the maximum reflection angle of each stratum in the shot detection pair of the CDP bin, and there are two ways to determine it:

[0081] Method 1: Apply formula (2) to each single shot data cone to determine whether the X and Y direction face element grids are within the single shot data cone, mark the inner area of ​​the cone with 1, and mark the outer area of ​​the cone with 0, as shown in Figure 10(a). In addition, the triangle shown in Figure 10(b) is the area marked with 0 using two single shot data cones. Figure 10(c) is the corresponding three-dimensional display of the single shot data cone. Then read the single shot cone at different times t1, t2 to tn, as shown in Figure 10(a). Figure 11(a) to Figure 11(c) As shown in FIG11(a), at t1, the cone slice is a circular blue area marked with 1, at t2, the cone slice is a circular yellow area marked with 1, and at tn, the cone slice is a circular cyan area marked with 1. The recursive method is used to find the boundary line of the multi-shot cone data 0 and 1 to generate the multi-shot data cone B2. The final result is as follows: Fig.12 shown.

[0082] Method 2: First, the single-shot data cone is scaled with the observation system basic bin size of 12.5*25 meters. Formula (2) is applied to each single-shot data cone to determine whether the bin grid in the X and Y directions is within the single-shot data cone. Then, the X-direction slice is performed with the observation system template number templatePS as 4 cycles, and the (1+(N-1)templatePS)th row of data of the single-shot data cone is retained, that is, the bins with the single-shot data cone top count as the 1st and subsequent counts in the 5th and 11th rows are marked as 1. As shown in Figure 11(d), the colored filled area is marked as 1. Figure 11(d) is a further slice of Figure 11(c) with 4 shots as the cycle, and the bins in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th rows are marked as 0. The uncolored ones in Figure 11(d) are also marked as 0. Then, the boundary lines of data 0 and 1 at different times t are read to generate the multi-shot data cone B2. The shot point position and the multi-shot data cone plane display are shown in the figure below. Fig.13 shown.

[0083] Of the above two methods, method 1 is used to approximately obtain the multi-shot data cone surface, which is suitable for work areas with large surface velocity similar to mountains. Method 2 is to obtain the multi-shot data cone surface by taking into account the differences between each shot in the template shot of the observation system, and is suitable for obtaining the data cone surface in work areas with small surface velocity similar to plains.

[0084] Step 6: Slice the multi-shot data cone B2 along the X, Y, and Z directions in the obstacle area to generate a notch profile, as shown in Figure 14(a), and predict the longitudinal notch length, transverse notch width, and vertical notch depth of the seismic profile. Specifically:

[0085] 1) Generate profile 1 along the X-axis direction for the multi-shot data cone surface B2 to determine the gap length gap_wx1 at the obstacle area to be 950m and the gap depth gap_hx1 in the X direction to be 1160ms, as shown in Figure 14(b); the X-axis direction is the longitudinal rolling inline direction of the observation system arrangement.

[0086] 2) Generate profile 2 along the Y-axis direction for the multi-shot data cone surface B2 to determine the gap width gap_wy1 at the obstacle area to be 600m and the gap depth gap_hy1 in the Y direction to be 1180ms, as shown in Figure 14(c); the Y-axis direction is the crossline direction of the lateral rolling direction of the observation system arrangement.

[0087] 3) Slice the multi-shot data cone B2 along the Z axis to generate sliceZ1 to calculate the notch depth, and obtain the constant parameter C in formula (3) to approximate the notch depth. Measure the notch depth of the deepest face element of multiple targets on the multi-shot data cone, and then correct the gap depth gap_h formula of the seismic profile at the obstacle area to obtain the constant parameter C to approximate the notch depth. Moreover, the gap_h formula is applicable to the condition that the obstacle area has a regular shape, and is not applicable to the supplementary shot with lateral offset in the crossline direction. In formula (3), T 0 is the slice depth value of 1160ms, L is the minimum offset of the target bin in the obstacle area or the size of the obstacle area in the inline direction of 600m. R is 2000m / s, D is 0.125, and the C value is 0.96. After obtaining the C value, the depth of the seismic profile gap can be estimated by measuring the length and width of the obstacle area on the plane.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional seismic exploration profile gap prediction method, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Generate CDP surface grid using observation system and no-shot zone; establish layered velocity model and perform forward modeling to obtain each single shot record; 2) Rearranging each single shot record according to the CDP gather, performing dynamic correction and dynamic correction removal operations after rearrangement; and then using the seismic record after dynamic correction removal to generate a single shot data cone with the shot point as the vertex, the single shot data cone is the outer envelope of the seismic record of the maximum reflection angle of each stratum in the shot detection pair of the CDP bin element; 3) Generate a multi-shot data cone using each single-shot data cone, where the multi-shot data cone is the intersection of the outer envelope of the seismic records of the maximum reflection angle of each stratum in the shot-check pair of the CDP bin; 4) Determine the size of the gap in the seismic profile of the prohibited area based on the slices of the multi-shot data cone.

2. The three-dimensional seismic exploration profile gap prediction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula used to calculate the vertex angle of the single shot data cone is: Where MUTtime is the NMO removal time; θ is the vertex angle of the single-shot data cone; and offset is the offset.

3. The three-dimensional seismic exploration profile gap prediction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The means of generating the single shot data cone surface in step 2) is: using the seismic record after the dynamic correction removal to generate the single shot data cone, and then extracting the single shot data cone surface from the single shot data cone. The single shot data cone surface is expressed by the following formula: Where t is the time value in the single shot record; Δx and Δy are the differences between the spatial coordinate value of the vertex of the single shot data cone and the coordinate value of the detection point.

4. The three-dimensional seismic exploration profile gap prediction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), the multi-shot data cone is generated by any of the following methods: Method 1: Use the single-shot data cone representation formula to determine whether the CDP bin mesh is within the single-shot data cone, and use different methods to mark the internal area and external area of ​​the single-shot data cone; determine the boundaries of different annotation results at each time, and use the boundaries to generate the multi-shot data cone; Method 2: Taking the size of the basic bin of the observation system as the scale and the number of template shots of the observation system as the period, the single-shot data cone is sliced ​​in the longitudinal scrolling direction of the observation system arrangement, and the 1+(N-1) templatePS row of data of the single-shot data cone is retained, where N is the natural sequence number; for the data retained in the single-shot data cone, different methods are used to mark the internal area and the external area of ​​the single-shot data cone; then the boundaries of different annotation results at each time are determined, and the multi-shot data cone is generated using this boundary.

5. The three-dimensional seismic exploration profile gap prediction method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The size of the gap in the seismic section includes the longitudinal gap length and the transverse gap width of the seismic section; in the forbidden area, the multi-shot data cone is sliced ​​along the longitudinal rolling direction and the transverse rolling direction of the observation system to generate gap sections in two directions, and then the longitudinal gap length and the transverse gap width of the seismic section are determined according to the gap sections in the two directions.

6. The three-dimensional seismic exploration profile gap prediction method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The size of the gap in the seismic section includes the vertical gap depth of the seismic section; the method for obtaining the vertical gap depth of the seismic section is any of the following: Method 1: In the forbidden shooting area, the notch profile in the longitudinal rolling direction of the observation system is generated for the multi-shot data cone surface, and then the vertical notch depth of the seismic profile is determined according to the notch profile in this direction; Method 2: Slice the multi-shot data cone along the horizontal rolling direction of the observation system in the forbidden shooting area to generate the notch profile in that direction, and then determine the vertical notch depth of the seismic profile based on the notch profile in that direction; Method 3: Slice the multi-shot data cone along the time axis in the forbidden shot area to generate the corresponding notch profile, and then determine the vertical notch depth of the seismic profile based on the notch profile in this direction; Method 4: Calculate using the following formula: Where gap_h is the vertical gap depth of the seismic profile; T0 is the slice depth value; C is a constant; L is the minimum offset of the target bin in the obstacle area; V R is the replacement speed of the target layer at the obstacle; D is the dynamic correction stretching threshold.

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