Pomacea canaliculata phagostimulant and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The pomacea canaliculata phagostimulant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8%-12% of brassica chinensis powder, 8%-12% of zizania aquatica powder, 8%-12% of duck blood powder, 1%-3% of corn flour, 5%-9% of gelatin liquid, 6%-10% of rhizoma anemarrhenae extract and the balance of flour. The development of the pomacea canaliculata phagostimulant not only can reduce the harm of pomacea canaliculata, but also can reduce the harm of pesticide consumption, and is beneficial to the development of green plant protection and green agriculture, thereby really realizing green production. The molluscicide based on the plant source follows the principles of ecological safety, environmental friendliness, no residue, difficult generation of drug resistance and the like, and the pomacea canaliculata is prevented and controlled on the premise of no residue and ecological safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control, and particularly relates to a pomacea canaliculata attractant and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Pomacea canaliculata Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1819), with strong reproductive capacity, omnivorous diet, large appetite, strong resistance to adversity, rapid spread, and wide distribution, it is a global quarantine pest. At the same time, the golden apple snail is also an important intermediate host of the zoonotic parasite 'Guangzhou roundworm' (infection rate is as high as 7.6%), which can cause eosinophilic meningitis in humans.

[0003] For a long time, the prevention and control of golden apple snails has mainly relied on manual snail picking and chemical snailicides. Manual snail picking is not only inconvenient, but also time-consuming, labor-intensive and inefficient. The large-scale use of chemical snailicides not only harms other organisms and the environment, but also leads to the frequent occurrence of "treating the symptoms but not the root cause" and "repeated control but not stopping". Therefore, it is urgent to continue to develop environmentally friendly golden apple snail attractants.

[0004] Traditional effective control of golden apple snails requires large-scale spraying of snailicides, while attractants can be released in a centralized manner and effectively reduce the amount used, which not only reduces environmental harm but also effectively reduces control costs. The use of attractants is a breakthrough and innovation in the control of golden apple snails. However, to date, there has been no research or report on attractants for golden apple snails. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a safe, environmentally friendly, efficient and specific Pomacea canaliculata attractant and a preparation method thereof, which is specifically achieved through the following technical solutions: A food attractant for Pomacea canaliculata, comprising the following components in percentage: 8%-12% pakchoi powder, 8%-12% wild rice stem powder, 8%-12% duck blood powder, 1%-3% corn flour, 5%-9% gelatin solution, 6%-10% anemarrhena extract, and the remainder flour.

[0006] Furthermore, the attractant comprises the following components in percentage: 10% pakchoi powder, 10% wild rice stem powder, 10% duck blood powder, 2% corn flour, 7% gelatin solution, 8% Anemarrhena asphodeloides extract, and the remainder flour.

[0007] Furthermore, the Anemarrhena asphodeloides extract is prepared by the following steps: 1) Wash the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and air-dry it naturally, cut it into small pieces of 4.0 cm, dry it in an oven at 37°C, and grind it to make Anemarrhena asphodeloides powder; 2) The Anemarrhena powder obtained in step 1) is extracted three times with 95% ethanol at 55° C., each extraction time is 12 h, and the extract is concentrated by rotary evaporation to obtain the Anemarrhena extract.

[0008] Furthermore, the mass volume ratio of Anemarrhena powder to ethanol is 200g / L.

[0009] A method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant comprises the following steps: 1) The fleshy stems of pakchoi and wild rice stems were washed and cut into small pieces of 3.0 cm, dried at 37°C to constant weight, and ground into powder using a grinder to obtain pakchoi powder and wild rice stem powder; 2) Obtain freshly killed duck blood, dry it in an oven at 36°C until constant weight, and then grind it into powder to obtain duck blood powder; 3) Mixing the components according to the formula and proportion of claim 1 and stirring them thoroughly to obtain a mixture; 4) Pour the mixture from step 3) into a small mixer, stir for 2 minutes, spray 250 ml of clean water into the mixture, and continue stirring for 3 minutes to form a pre-mixed material. Finally, pour the pre-mixed material into a feed pelletizer and press it into semi-finished pellet feed with a diameter of 2.5 mm; 5) Send the semi-finished pellet feed into the hot air circulation dryer and dry it until the moisture content drops below 5% to make the finished product of the golden apple snail attractant.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 4), the amount of clean water sprayed is such that the mixture is moist enough to form a ball that falls apart when squeezed by hand.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 5), the drying temperature in the hot air circulation dryer is 85°C.

[0012] The development of the golden apple snail attractant of the present invention can not only reduce the harm of snails, but also reduce the harm of pesticide use, which is conducive to the development of green plant protection and green agriculture, thereby truly realizing green production. The plant-based snail killer follows the principles of ecological safety, environmental friendliness, no residue, and not easy to produce drug resistance, and prevents and controls golden apple snails under the premise of no residue and ecological safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 The purpose is to compare the feeding effects of different attractants on Pomacea canaliculata snails. Figure 2 To compare the mortality of Pomacea canaliculata after being treated with Anemarrhena asphodeloides extract and different snail-killing agents for different time periods; Figure 3 To compare the mortality of Pomacea canaliculata after being treated with Anemarrhena asphodeloides extract and different snail-killing agents for different time periods; Figure 4The present invention is used to compare the attraction rate and mortality rate of golden apple snails treated with the attractant of the present invention and different molluscicides. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments to facilitate a better understanding of the present technical solution. Example

[0015] Preparation of Anemarrhena extract: The rhizomes of Anemarrhena were washed and air-dried, cut into 4 cm small pieces, dried in an oven at 37°C, and ground. 20 g of ground powder was weighed and extracted three times in 100 ml of 95% ethanol at 55°C, each time for 12 h, where the mass volume ratio of Anemarrhena powder to 95% ethanol was 200 g / L. The three extracts were mixed and concentrated by rotary evaporation to obtain Anemarrhena extract.

[0016] The Pomacea canaliculata attractant is prepared according to the following method: 1) The fleshy stems of pakchoi and wild rice stems were washed and cut into small pieces of 3.0 cm, dried at 37°C to constant weight, and ground into powder using a grinder to obtain pakchoi powder and wild rice stem powder; 2) Take the blood of freshly killed ducks, dry it at 36℃ until constant weight, and grind it to obtain duck blood powder; 3) The attractant comprises 10% pakchoi powder, 10% wild rice powder, 10% duck blood powder, 2% corn flour, 7% gelatin solution, 8% rhizome of anemarrhena extract and the remainder of flour according to the mass ratio, and the above components are mixed according to the mass ratio and stirred well to prepare a mixture; 4) Take 5 catties of the above mixture and pour it into a small mixer. After starting the machine, stir it for 2 minutes. According to the moisture content required for granulation, spray 250 ml of clean water into the mixture. Adjust the moisture of the mixture until it falls apart when kneaded by hand. Continue stirring for 3 minutes to form a prefabricated mixture. Then pour the prefabricated mixture into the feed pelletizer and press it into semi-finished granular wet material with a diameter of 2.5 mm. 5) Send the semi-finished granular wet material into the hot air circulation dryer and dry it at 85°C until the moisture content drops below 5%, thus making the finished product of the golden apple snail attractant; 6) After filling and sealing, pack the products into bags of 1-2 kg and then seal them in cardboard boxes and store them in a ventilated and dry place.

[0017] Experimental example Experimental location: Zizania latifolia cultivation pond of the Aquatic Vegetable Research Group of Plant Protection and Microbiology Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

[0018] Conditions for the growth of golden apple snails: temperature is 28±1℃, photoperiod is 16 h light and 8 h dark (controlled by a timer), and relative humidity is about 90%.

[0019] Pomacea canaliculata rearing: Pomacea canaliculata rearing in rice paddies: 120-mesh iron sand nets were used to intercept the surroundings of the rice paddies and rice planting ponds, and the rice paddies were transplanted with a spacing of 1.0 m in the ponds. When the rice paddies were established and survived and began to tiller, the pond water was changed once, and the egg mass carriers of Pomacea canaliculata that were about to hatch (about 400 eggs) were inserted, and the newly hatched snails were allowed to feed naturally, and an appropriate amount of duckweed and small green vegetables were fed at the same time. Half of the pond water was changed every 2 days, and the fish were fed for about 50 days before use in the experiment.

[0020] Verification Example 1: The attractant effects of six kinds of food attractants, including yeast, wild rice stem, alanine, pakchoi, duck blood, and corn, were compared based on the comparison of two groups (i.e., yeast vs. wild rice stem, alanine vs. pakchoi, duck blood vs. corn). The device used in the two-by-two grouping was a square container as a snail pool (with a 2.0 cm water layer and 30 golden apple snails), and the middle of the lower edge of one side wall of the container was connected to the confluence of the "Y"-shaped pipe; the two kinds of food were placed on the two side arms of the "Y"-shaped pipe near the end of the pipe mouth. After 2 days, the number of golden apple snails attracted by the food attractants in each group was counted. Then, each two kinds of food with significant attractant effects in each group were placed on the near end of the two side arms of the "Y" device, and the end of the total arm was connected to the snail pool (a rectangular transparent plastic box with a mesh cover, with a 3 cm water layer and 30 golden apple snails), and the number of snails attracted was counted after 2 days. Comparison of the attractant effects of three attractant materials with significant attractant effects showed that the number of snails attracted by yeast was (21±2.0), alanine (16±1.0), pakchoi (47.3±2.1), wild rice stem (56.0±2.7), duck blood (33.0±2.7), and corn (20.3±1.5). It can be seen that pakchoi and wild rice stem have the best attractant effects ( Figure 1 ).

[0021] Verification Example 2: Three chemical molluscicides (1 g each of metaldehyde, niclosamide, and vortex, 1 L each of water) were selected as treatments and 1 L of water (CK) was used as a control to test the snail-killing effect of the diluted extract of the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides (Anemarrhena asphodeloides: water = 1:1) as treatments ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 ). Add Anemarrhena extract, metaldehyde, niclosamide, vortex and 1L of water to each 1000mL beaker, put 30 adult golden snails of the same size and sex, and tie the beaker mouth with nylon gauze. After 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, pour out the dilution of Anemarrhena extract, metaldehyde, niclosamide and vortex, and count the number of dead snails.

[0022] The results showed that Anemarrhena asphodeloides had a significant snail-killing effect, with the mortality rate of Golden Apple snails at 12 h and 24 h being about 38.0%, the mortality rate at 48 h being about 59.0%, and the mortality rate at 72 h reaching 100%. Anemarrhena asphodeloides extract had killed some Golden Apple snails at 12 h (P<0.01), and the killing rate was not significantly different from that of metaldehyde. The killing rate of Anemarrhena asphodeloides extract reached the highest level at 72 h (mortality rate was 100%) ( Figure 2 , 3 ), at which time all the Pomacea canaliculata snails in the Anemarrhena asphodeloides extract-treated group lost vital signs.

[0023] Although the killing rates of metaldehyde and niclosamide in 24 hours and vortex ester in 48 hours reached 100%, these three are chemical snail killers, which caused great harm to water bodies, water quality and other organisms while killing golden apple snails. Anemarrhena extract has a certain slow release period in the process of killing golden apple snails, but this substance is extracted from natural plants and is very friendly to the environment and other organisms. Therefore, the use of Anemarrhena extract to kill snails has a good application prospect.

[0024] Verification Example 3: Select the vortex enemy with a trapping effect on the market, the tetraacetaldehyde with a contact killing effect, and the broad-spectrum agent niclosamide) as controls to test the toxic effect of food attractants. Add vortex enemy, niclosamide, tetraacetaldehyde, food attractant and 1 L of clean water to each 1000 mL beaker, put 30 adult golden apple snails of the same size and gender, and tie the beaker mouth with nylon gauze. After 24 hours, pour out the residual liquid of vortex enemy, niclosamide, tetraacetaldehyde, and food attractant, and count the number of dead snails. The results showed that the mortality rate of snails under the four different treatments was significantly different: niclosamide (86.5%±1.3%) had the highest mortality rate, followed by food attractants (69.5%±1.0%) and, tetraacetaldehyde (66.1%±3.6%), and vortex enemy (17.5%±2.3%) was the lowest ( Figure 4 ).

[0025] Verification Example 4: Select the vortex enemy with a trapping effect on the market, the tetraacetaldehyde with a contact killing effect, and the broad-spectrum agent niclosamide as controls to test the luring effect of food attractants. A 3 cm water layer was added to a cylindrical, 5000 mL four-way organic glass container, and 60 golden apple snails were inoculated; vortex enemy, tetraacetaldehyde, niclosamide and food attractants were placed in the near end of each tube of the four-way organic glass container in turn, and the distal end of each tube was sealed with a screw cap, and the number of snails in each tube was counted every 30 minutes. The results showed that the luring rate of snails by the four different treatments was significantly different, among which the food attractant (94.1% ± 3.4%) was the highest, followed by tetraacetaldehyde (63.5% ± 6.3%), vortex enemy (26.8% ± 3.7%) was lower, and niclosamide (0) had no luring rate. The above results show that the attractant prepared with Anemarrhena extract has a very significant attracting effect (P<0.001), and the snail-killing effect is better than that of metaldehyde, reaching 70.0%, and is significantly different from other snail-killing agents (P<0.01), indicating that the attractant prepared with Anemarrhena extract has an ideal attracting and snail-killing effect and has broad application potential.

[0026] The attractant for golden apple snails of the present invention has components that are easy to obtain and are natural substances, safe, environmentally friendly and non-toxic. While ensuring the prevention and treatment of golden apple snails, no harm is caused to the ecological environment, and the attractant is suitable for popularization and use.

Claims

1. A food attractant for Pomacea canaliculata, characterized in that: The attractant comprises the following components in percentage: 8%-12% pakchoi powder, 8%-12% wild rice stem powder, 8%-12% duck blood powder, 1%-3% corn flour, 5%-9% gelatin solution, 6%-10% anemarrhena extract, and the remainder flour.

2. A Pomacea canaliculata attractant as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The attractant comprises the following components in percentage: 10% pakchoi powder, 10% wild rice stem powder, 10% duck blood powder, 2% corn flour, 7% gelatin solution, 8% Anemarrhena asphodeloides extract, and the remainder flour.

3. A Pomacea canaliculata attractant as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The Anemarrhena Rhizoma extract is prepared by the following steps: 1) Wash the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and air-dry it naturally, cut it into small pieces of 4 cm, dry it in an oven, and grind it to make Anemarrhena asphodeloides powder; 2) The Anemarrhena powder obtained in step 1) is extracted with ethanol three times, and the extract is concentrated by rotary evaporation to obtain the Anemarrhena extract.

4. A Pomacea canaliculata attractant as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that The drying temperature in step 1) is 37°C.

5. A Pomacea canaliculata attractant as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that In step 2), the concentration of ethanol is 95%, the extraction temperature is 55° C., and each extraction time is 12 h.

6. A Pomacea canaliculata attractant as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that The mass volume ratio of Anemarrhena powder to ethanol is 200g / L.

7. The method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant according to claim 1, characterized in that The following steps are involved: 1) The fleshy stems of pakchoi and wild rice stems were washed and cut into small pieces of 3.0 cm, dried at 37°C to constant weight, and ground into powder using a grinder to obtain pakchoi powder and wild rice stem powder; 2) Obtain freshly killed duck blood, dry it in an oven at 36°C until constant weight, and then grind it into powder to obtain duck blood powder; 3) Mixing the components according to the formula and proportion of claim 1 and stirring them thoroughly to obtain a mixture; 4) Pour the mixture from step 3) into a small mixer, stir for 2 minutes, spray clean water into the mixture, and continue stirring for 3 minutes to form a pre-mixed material. Finally, pour the pre-mixed material into a feed pelletizer and press it into semi-finished pellet feed with a diameter of 2.5 mm; 5) Send the semi-finished pellet feed into the hot air circulation dryer and dry it until the moisture content drops below 5% to make the finished golden apple snail attractant.

8. The method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that In step 4), the amount of clean water sprayed is to make the mixture moist enough to form a ball that falls apart when squeezed by hand.

9. The method for preparing a Pomacea canaliculata attractant as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that Step 5) The drying temperature in the hot air circulation dryer is 85°C.

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