Potato crop surface soil separation device and grading treatment method

Abstract

The invention discloses a potato crop surface soil separating device and a grading treatment method, and belongs to the technical field of potato crop screening. The potato crop surface soil separating device is composed of a device shell, a multi-stage double-roller mechanism arranged in the device shell, a conveying mechanism, a high-frequency vibration mechanism and a high-pressure air blowing mechanism; each stage of double-roller mechanism is composed of a pair of rollers and a plurality of flexible brush teeth, and the flexible brush teeth are evenly distributed and connected to the outer circumferences of the rollers and used for brushing away soil on the surfaces of sweet potatoes; the conveying mechanism is arranged below each stage of double-roller mechanism and is used for receiving sweet potatoes and conveying the next stage of sweet potatoes; the high-frequency vibration mechanism enables residual hard soil layers on the surfaces of the sweet potatoes to form vibration loosening; and the high-pressure air-blowing mechanism is used for blowing soil layers on the surfaces of the sweet potatoes and the conveying mechanism. The device is simple in composition structure, can perform rough brushing, fine brushing and high-precision brushing operation on soil on the surfaces of sweet potatoes, can effectively prevent the surfaces of the sweet potatoes from being damaged, further improves the removal efficiency of the soil on the surfaces of the sweet potatoes, improves the automation degree, and meets large-batch assembly line work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of potato crop screening, and relates to a device and a method for separating soil on the surface of potato crops, and specifically to a device and a grading method for separating soil on the surface of potato crops. Background Art

[0002] In my country, potato crop cultivation is mainly based on ridge cultivation, and the main production links include land preparation, fertilization, ridge formation, transplanting, field management, stem and vine harvesting, and harvesting and transportation. Taking sweet potatoes as an example, the harvesting process mainly involves processes such as removing stems and leaves, digging, separation, picking up, and loading and transportation. The separation process is to separate the sweet potatoes from the soil. On the one hand, it can obtain sweet potatoes with better appearance, and on the other hand, it paves the way for subsequent deep processing. Therefore, the separation process is a key link in the harvesting process. In the existing separation process, potato and soil separation is mainly carried out by manual or mechanical removal. The manual removal method only involves small batch operations, and the operation efficiency is low; although mechanical removal can achieve large-scale continuous operations, it is easy to cause mechanical damage to the surface of sweet potatoes, affecting the commercial value and storage life of sweet potatoes. In addition, the existing mechanical removal equipment is complicated to operate, and there are still cases of missed removal during the operation process. Secondary removal operations are required by manual labor, which increases labor costs and operation efficiency, and cannot meet the requirements of automated production. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problems of high mechanical damage, low separation efficiency, complex operation and poor adaptability in the process of separating sweet potatoes from soil in existing equipment, and to propose a potato crop surface soil separation device and a grading treatment method. Through flexible processing, multi-step cleaning, automatic control and high environmental adaptability, the damage to the sweet potato skin is reduced, and an efficient and reliable potato-soil separation process is achieved.

[0004] The potato crop surface soil separation device provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: The potato crop screening device comprises a bottom plate device housing, a feed inlet arranged at the top of the device housing and a discharge outlet at the bottom, and a material conveyor belt arranged above the feed inlet; the device is characterized in that the device further comprises: A multi-stage roller mechanism is arranged in the housing of the device, each stage of the roller mechanism is composed of a pair of rollers and a plurality of flexible joint teeth, and the flexible joint teeth are evenly connected to the rollers and are used to brush away the dirt on the surface of the sweet potato; A conveying mechanism is connected and arranged below the roller mechanism at each level, and is used to receive the sweet potatoes after cleaning at each level and to convey them to the next level; A high-frequency vibration mechanism is connected and arranged between the upper-level transmission mechanism and the lower-level roller mechanism, and vibrates to loosen the remaining hard soil layer on the surface of the sweet potato; The high-pressure air blowing mechanism is fixedly arranged on both sides of the conveying mechanism and is used for blowing away the soil layer on the surface of the sweet potato and the surface of the conveying mechanism.

[0005] Furthermore, the multi-stage roller mechanism has no less than two stages, the two rollers on each stage of the roller mechanism are driven by a motor and rotate in opposite directions, the gap between the two rollers is adjustable, and the flexible joint teeth are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the roller.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, a multi-stage roller mechanism is set up to perform coarse brushing, fine brushing and high-precision brushing operations on the surface of the sweet potato, thereby further improving the cleanliness of the surface of the sweet potato while ensuring that the sweet potato skin is not damaged.

[0007] Furthermore, the rear end of the flexible joint tooth is formed by spirally gripping a metal material, and the front end is provided with a flexible structure, and the flexibility coefficient of the flexible structure increases with the number of stages of the roller mechanism.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the spiral diameter of the metal material at the rear end can be selected according to the roller parameters to facilitate the adjustment of the elastic potential energy of the metal material; the flexible structure at the front end can effectively control the squeezing force on the sweet potato and reduce damage to the sweet potato skin.

[0009] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism is composed of a motor, a driving wheel, a driven wheel and a transmission belt, and the transmission belt is a hollow structure made of polyurethane material.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the conveyor belt is made of polyurethane material, which can enable it to maintain good performance in long-term use. The hollow structure can separate the loosened and detached soil layer from the sweet potato during transportation, so as to achieve the integrity and high quality of the sweet potato during the harvesting process.

[0011] Furthermore, the high-frequency vibration mechanism forms an angle of not less than 15° with the horizontal plane. The high-frequency vibration mechanism is composed of a screen and a vibration platform. The screen is connected and arranged above the vibration platform. The screen is driven to vibrate by a vibration motor. A baffle is provided at the tail of the vibration platform, and the opening and closing of the baffle is controlled by a hydraulic cylinder.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the high-frequency vibration mechanism forms an angle with the horizontal plane, which is conducive to making the loose soil layer fall from the screen. The opening and closing of the baffle is controlled by the hydraulic cylinder, which is conducive to controlling the sweet potatoes to slide into the next processing step equipment.

[0013] Furthermore, the high-pressure air blowing mechanism consists of an air pipe and a nozzle, and the air flow direction of the nozzle is opposite to the conveying direction of the sweet potato.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the gas ejected from the nozzle is used to remove the dirt on the surface of the sweet potato and the surface of the conveyor belt, which can reduce the damage to the sweet potato skin and improve the separation effect of the sweet potato and the dirt.

[0015] The potato crop grading treatment method provided in this application adopts the following technical scheme: S1, the sweet potato is transported to the feed port through the incoming conveyor belt, and falls into the primary roller mechanism through the feed port; S2. The surface of the sweet potato is roughly brushed by the first-level flexible brush teeth arranged on the outer circle of the roller through the roller rotation and extrusion in the first-level roller mechanism, so that the sweet potato and the soil are initially separated, and the removal rate reaches 70%; S3, the sweet potatoes with the surface soil layer roughly brushed are conveyed to the first high-frequency vibration mechanism through the first conveying mechanism, and the soil layer on the surface of the sweet potatoes that has not been brushed off is vibrated and separated through high-frequency vibration, and the fallen soil layer falls from the screen, and the first baffle is opened to slide the sweet potatoes into the secondary roller mechanism; S4, the surface of the sweet potato is flexibly brushed by the secondary flexible brush teeth on the secondary roller mechanism, and the soft soil layer attached to the surface of the sweet potato is blown off by the high-pressure air blowing mechanism on both sides of the second conveying mechanism, with a removal rate of up to 85%; S5, the finely brushed sweet potatoes are transported to the second high-frequency vibration mechanism through the second conveying mechanism, and the loose soil layer on the surface of the sweet potatoes is vibrated and separated through high-frequency vibration, and the fallen soil layer falls from the screen, and the second baffle is opened to make the sweet potatoes slide to the next level of roller mechanism; the removal rate can reach 95%; S6. The surface of the sweet potato is flexibly and precisely brushed by the three-stage flexible brush teeth on the three-stage roller mechanism. The surface of the sweet potato is air-blown by the high-pressure air-blowing mechanism on both sides of the third conveying mechanism to ensure the cleanliness of the surface of the sweet potato. The removal rate can reach 100%. The soil on the third conveying mechanism is cleaned by air-blowing. At the same time, the sweet potato is transported to the discharge port by the third conveying mechanism.

[0016] In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: (1) The device of the present invention has a simple structure and can perform coarse brushing, fine brushing and high-precision brushing operations on the soil on the surface of sweet potatoes through a multi-stage roller mechanism, thereby effectively separating the soil from the sweet potatoes and further improving the removal efficiency of the soil on the surface of the sweet potatoes.

[0017] (2) In the present invention, a flexible combined tooth with a flexible structure is arranged on the roller mechanism. The more the number of the roller mechanism is, the higher the flexibility coefficient of the flexible combined tooth is, which is beneficial to the graded separation of the soil on the surface of the sweet potato. The flexible combined tooth can effectively prevent the damage to the surface of the sweet potato when removing the soil on the surface of the sweet potato.

[0018] (3) The high-frequency vibration mechanism provided in the present invention can make the soil layer on the surface of the sweet potato loose, thereby facilitating the removal of soil on the surface of the next level of sweet potatoes, improving the separation speed and efficiency between soil and sweet potatoes, and improving the degree of automation to meet the needs of large-scale assembly line operations.

[0019] (4) The present invention provides a high-pressure air blowing mechanism, which can be used to efficiently blow away the soil layer on the surface of the conveying mechanism, and also blow away the dust on the surface of the sweet potato, thereby further improving the cleanliness of the sweet potato surface and forming a strong guarantee for subsequent deep processing operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first-level roller mechanism in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the primary flexible combined teeth in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the secondary flexible combined tooth structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the three-stage flexible combined tooth structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the screen mesh structure of the high-frequency vibration mechanism in the present invention.

[0026] In the figure: incoming material conveyor belt 1, feed port 2, primary roller 3, primary flexible brush teeth 3-1, first motor 3-2, textured rubber pad 3-3, first transmission mechanism 4, first vibration platform 5, first screen 5-1, first hydraulic cylinder 5-2, first baffle 5-3, screen hole 5-4, secondary roller 6, secondary flexible brush teeth 6-1, second motor 6-2, flexible comb brush 6-3, second transmission mechanism 7, air pipe 8-1, nozzle 8-2, second vibration platform 9, second screen 9-1, second hydraulic cylinder 9-2, second baffle 9-3, tertiary roller 10, tertiary flexible brush teeth 10-1, third motor 10-2, flexible fiber hair 10-3, third transmission mechanism 11, second air pipe 12-1, second nozzle 12-2, discharge port 13, device housing 14. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, various equivalent forms of modifications to the present invention by those skilled in the art fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to this application.

[0028] Example 1 like Figure 1As shown, the soil separation device for the surface of potato crops is composed of a device shell, a feed port 2 arranged at the top of the device shell 14 and a discharge port 13 at the bottom, a material conveyor belt 1 arranged above the feed port 2, and a multi-stage roller mechanism, a transmission mechanism, a high-frequency vibration mechanism and a high-pressure air blowing mechanism arranged inside the device shell 14; each stage of the roller mechanism is composed of a pair of rollers and a plurality of flexible brush teeth, the two rollers are driven by a motor and rotate in opposite directions, the gap between the two rollers is adjustable, and the flexible brush teeth are evenly connected on the outer circumference of the rollers for brushing away the soil on the surface of the sweet potato; the transmission mechanism is arranged below each stage of the roller mechanism for receiving the sweet potato after each stage of cleaning and for conveying it to the next stage; the high-frequency vibration mechanism is connected and arranged between the upper stage transmission mechanism and the lower stage roller mechanism to vibrate and loosen the remaining hard soil layer on the surface of the sweet potato; the high-pressure air blowing mechanism is fixedly arranged on both sides of the transmission mechanism for blowing away the soil layer on the surface of the sweet potato and the surface of the transmission mechanism.

[0029] In this embodiment, the multi-stage roller mechanism is composed of three stages, specifically, Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the primary roller mechanism is composed of a primary roller 3, a primary flexible brush tooth 3-1 and a first motor 3-2, wherein the rear end of the primary flexible brush tooth 3-1 is a spiral structure made of metal material, and the front end is connected to a rubber pad 3-3 with a pattern. Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, the secondary roller mechanism is composed of a secondary roller 6, a secondary flexible brush tooth 6-1 and a second motor 6-2, wherein the rear end of the secondary flexible brush tooth 6-1 is a spiral structure made of metal material, and the front end is connected with a flexible comb brush 6-3, which is plugged and connected to the rear spiral metal material. Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, the three-stage roller mechanism is composed of a three-stage roller 10, a three-stage flexible brush tooth 10-1 and a third motor 10-2, wherein the rear end of the three-stage flexible brush tooth 10-1 is a spiral structure made of metal material, and the front end is connected with a flexible fiber hair 10-3, which is installed on the rear end spiral metal material by embedding. The above-mentioned first-stage flexible brush teeth 3-1, second-stage flexible brush teeth 6-1, and third-stage flexible brush teeth 10-1 are all connected and fixed to their respective rollers by bolts. Since the flexibility coefficient of the flexible brush teeth increases step by step, in this embodiment, the rough brushing operation is completed by the first-stage flexible brush teeth 3-1, the fine brushing operation is completed by the second-stage flexible brush teeth 6-1, and the high-precision brushing operation is completed by the third-stage flexible brush teeth 10-1.

[0030] Example 2 In this embodiment, the conveying mechanism is composed of a first conveying mechanism 4, a second conveying mechanism 7 and a third conveying mechanism 11. Each level of the conveying mechanism is arranged below the corresponding roller mechanism. In order to enable the conveying mechanism to separate the loosened soil layer from the sweet potato during the conveying, the conveyor belt is arranged as a hollow structure in this embodiment. Specifically, Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, each level of the transmission mechanism is composed of a motor, a driving wheel, a driven wheel and a conveyor belt. In order to ensure that the conveyor belt in the transmission mechanism maintains good performance during long-term use and to increase the service life of the conveyor belt, the conveyor belt in this embodiment is made of polyurethane material.

[0031] In order to enable the sweet potatoes to slide smoothly to the next processing equipment and reduce manual intervention, a high-frequency vibration mechanism is used in this embodiment. Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the high-frequency vibration mechanism consists of a first vibration platform 5 and a second vibration platform 9, wherein the first vibration platform 5 is placed between the first conveying mechanism 4 and the secondary roller 6, and the second vibration platform 9 is placed between the second conveying mechanism 7 and the tertiary roller 10. The first vibration platform 5 and the second vibration platform 9 both form an angle of 15° with the horizontal plane. A screen is connected above each vibration platform, and the screen is driven to vibrate by a vibration motor, and the loose soil layer falls from the screen. A first baffle 5-3 is provided at the tail of the first vibration platform 5, and the first baffle 5-3 is controlled by a first hydraulic cylinder 5-2. A second baffle 9-3 is provided at the tail of the second vibration platform 9, and the second baffle 9-3 is controlled by a second hydraulic cylinder 9-2.

[0032] In order to reduce the damage to the sweet potato skin and improve the separation effect of the sweet potato and the soil, the high-pressure air blowing mechanism is used in this embodiment. Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the high-pressure air blowing mechanism is respectively arranged on both sides of the second conveying mechanism and the third conveying mechanism, and the above-mentioned high-pressure air blowing mechanism is composed of an air pipe and a nozzle, and the airflow direction of the nozzle is opposite to the conveying direction of the sweet potato. The high-pressure air blowing mechanism can be used to efficiently blow away the soil layer on the surface of the conveying mechanism, and also blow away the dust on the surface of the sweet potato, further improving the cleanliness of the sweet potato surface, forming a strong guarantee for subsequent deep processing operations.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the classification and processing methods of potato crops are as follows: S1, the sweet potato is transported to the feed port 2 through the incoming conveyor belt 1, and falls into the primary roller mechanism through the feed port 2; S2, by means of the roller rotation and extrusion in the first-level roller mechanism, the first-level flexible brush teeth 3-1 arranged on the outer circle of the roller are used to roughly brush the surface of the sweet potato, so that the sweet potato and the soil are initially separated; S3, the sweet potatoes with the surface soil layer roughly brushed are conveyed to the first high-frequency vibration mechanism through the first conveying mechanism 4, and the soil layer on the surface of the sweet potatoes that has not been brushed off is vibrated and separated through high-frequency vibration, and the fallen soil layer falls from the screen, and the first baffle 5-3 is opened to slide the sweet potatoes into the secondary roller mechanism; S4, the surface of the sweet potato is flexibly finely brushed by the secondary flexible brush teeth 6-1 on the secondary roller mechanism, and the soft soil layer attached to the surface of the sweet potato is blown off by the high-pressure air blowing mechanism on both sides of the second conveying mechanism 7; S5, conveying the finely brushed sweet potatoes to the second high-frequency vibration mechanism through the second conveying mechanism 7, vibrating and separating the loose soil layer on the surface of the sweet potatoes through high-frequency vibration, and the fallen soil layer falls off the screen, and opening the second baffle 9-3 to make the sweet potatoes slide into the three-stage roller mechanism; S6. The surface of the sweet potato is flexibly and precisely brushed by the three-level flexible brush teeth 10-1 on the three-level roller mechanism, and the surface of the sweet potato is air-blown by the high-pressure air-blowing mechanism on both sides of the third conveying mechanism 11 to ensure the cleanliness of the surface of the sweet potato, and the soil on the third conveying mechanism 11 is cleaned by air-blowing; at the same time, the sweet potato is transported to the discharge port 13 by the third conveying mechanism 11.

Claims

1. A soil separation device for potato crops, comprising a device housing, a feed inlet at the top of the device housing and a discharge outlet at the bottom, and a material conveyor belt arranged above the feed inlet; characterized in that: The device also includes: A multi-stage roller mechanism is arranged in the housing of the device, each stage of the roller mechanism is composed of a pair of rollers and a plurality of flexible brush teeth, and the flexible brush teeth are evenly connected to the rollers and are used to brush away the dirt on the surface of the sweet potato; A conveying mechanism is connected and arranged below the roller mechanism at each level, and is used to receive the sweet potatoes after cleaning at each level and to convey them to the next level; A high-frequency vibration mechanism is connected and arranged between the upper-level transmission mechanism and the lower-level roller mechanism to vibrate and loosen the remaining hard soil layer on the surface of the sweet potato; The high-pressure air blowing mechanism is fixedly arranged on both sides of the conveying mechanism and is used for blowing away the soil layer on the surface of the sweet potato and the surface of the conveying mechanism.

2. The device for separating soil from the surface of potato crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage roller mechanism has no less than two stages, the two rollers on each stage of the roller mechanism are driven by a motor and rotate in opposite directions, the gap between the two rollers is adjustable, and the flexible brush teeth are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the roller.

3. The device for separating soil from the surface of potato crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end of the flexible brush teeth is a spiral structure made of metal material, and the diameter of the spiral structure can be adjusted according to the use; the front end is provided with a flexible structure, and the flexibility coefficient of the flexible structure increases with the level of the roller mechanism.

4. The device for separating soil from the surface of potato crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism is composed of a motor, a driving wheel, a driven wheel and a transmission belt, and the transmission belt is a hollow structure made of polyurethane material.

5. The device for separating soil from the surface of potato crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-frequency vibration mechanism forms an angle of not less than 15° with the horizontal plane. The high-frequency vibration mechanism is composed of a screen and a vibration platform. The screen is connected and arranged above the vibration platform. The screen is driven to vibrate by a vibration motor. A baffle is provided at the tail of the vibration platform. The baffle is opened and closed by a hydraulic cylinder, thereby controlling the falling time of the sweet potatoes.

6. The device for separating soil from the surface of potato crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure air blowing mechanism consists of an air pipe and a nozzle, and the air flow direction of the nozzle is opposite to the conveying direction of the sweet potatoes.

7. A method for grading potato crops, characterized in that: The method of using the soil separation device on the surface of potato crops according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is as follows: S1, the sweet potato is transported to the feed port through the incoming conveyor belt, and falls into the primary roller mechanism through the feed port; S2, by means of the roller rotation and extrusion in the first-level roller mechanism, the first-level flexible brush teeth arranged on the outer circle of the roller are used to roughly brush the surface of the sweet potato, so that the sweet potato and the soil are initially separated; S3, the sweet potatoes with the surface soil layer roughly brushed are conveyed to the first high-frequency vibration mechanism through the first conveying mechanism, and the soil layer on the surface of the sweet potatoes that has not been brushed off is vibrated and separated through high-frequency vibration, and the fallen soil layer falls from the screen, and the first baffle is opened to slide the sweet potatoes into the secondary roller mechanism; S4, using the secondary flexible brush teeth on the secondary roller mechanism to flexibly finely brush the surface of the sweet potato, and using the high-pressure air blowing mechanism on both sides of the second conveying mechanism to blow off the soft soil layer attached to the surface of the sweet potato; S5, conveying the finely brushed sweet potatoes to the second high-frequency vibration mechanism through the second conveying mechanism, vibrating and separating the loose soil layer on the surface of the sweet potatoes through high-frequency vibration, and the fallen soil layer falls from the screen, and the second baffle is opened to allow the sweet potatoes to slide to the next-level roller mechanism; S6. The surface of the sweet potato is flexibly and precisely brushed by the three-level flexible brush teeth on the three-level roller mechanism, and the surface of the sweet potato is air-blown by the high-pressure air-blowing mechanism on both sides of the third conveying mechanism to ensure the cleanliness of the surface of the sweet potato, and the soil on the third conveying mechanism is cleaned by air-blowing; at the same time, the sweet potato is transported to the discharge port by the third conveying mechanism.

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