Subway ventilation system fire automatic switching device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting, in particular to a subway ventilation system fire automatic switching device which comprises an air duct, the air duct is of a vertically-through square cylindrical structure, the lower end of the air duct is an air inlet, the upper end of the air duct is an air outlet, and a fireproof ventilation device is installed in the air duct. The fireproof and smoke exhaust requirements are effectively balanced, a certain ventilation quantity can be kept to assist in smoke exhaust at the initial stage of a fire disaster or under the condition that the fire behavior is small, fire spreading can be effectively stopped through the fireproof row plates arranged in a staggered mode, and double guarantees are provided for safety of a subway system. Along with the increase of fire behavior and the rise of environment temperature, once the melting point of the thermosensitive melting rod is reached, the device is automatically switched to a complete fireproof mode, and the safety of a subway system is further ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fire protection, and in particular to an automatic fire switching device for a subway ventilation system. Background Art

[0002] As a modern means of transportation, subways play an increasingly important role in major cities around the world. However, the particularity of subway projects - complex structures, closed environments, narrow passages, and few evacuation exits - makes subways face huge challenges when fires occur. Not only do subway fires spread quickly, but high-temperature smoke is difficult to remove naturally, which brings great difficulties to personnel evacuation and firefighting, and seriously threatens the lives of passengers and staff. Therefore, the fire prevention and smoke exhaust functions of subway ventilation systems are particularly important when fires occur.

[0003] When a fire occurs, the subway ventilation system needs to quickly switch from the daily ventilation mode to the fire prevention and smoke exhaust mode. However, the existing subway ventilation system often has the problem of difficulty in balancing the fire prevention and smoke exhaust functions in design. On the one hand, fire prevention requires shutting down the ventilation system to prevent the spread of the fire; on the other hand, smoke exhaust requires turning on the ventilation system to exhaust the smoke out of the tunnel and station. This contradiction makes it difficult for the ventilation system to respond quickly and effectively when a fire occurs.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of automatic fire switching device for subway ventilation systems to better resolve the contradiction between fire prevention and ventilation in subway ventilation systems when a fire occurs. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a fire automatic switching device for a subway ventilation system to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A fire automatic switching device for a subway ventilation system, comprising an air duct, the air duct being a square cylindrical structure that passes through from top to bottom, the lower end of the air duct being an air inlet, the upper end being an air outlet, and a fireproof ventilation device being installed inside the air duct; the fireproof ventilation device comprising a row of left fireproof row plates and a row of right fireproof row plates, the left end of the left fireproof row plate being hinged on the left inner wall of the air duct, the right end of the right fireproof row plate being hinged on the right inner wall of the air duct, the right end of the left fireproof row plate being tilted to the lower right and crossing the center line of the air duct, the left end of the right fireproof row plate being tilted to the lower left and crossing the center line of the air duct, the left fireproof row plate being tilted to the lower left and crossing the center line of the air duct, The middle part of the row plate is hinged on a pair of left connecting rods arranged front and back, the middle part of the right fireproof row plate is hinged on a pair of right connecting rods arranged front and back, the upper and lower ends of the left connecting rod are respectively hinged with a left oblique rod, the upper end of the right connecting rod is respectively hinged with a right oblique rod, the end of the left oblique rod away from the left connecting rod is hinged with the end of the right oblique rod away from the right connecting rod, a cable is connected between the end of the left oblique rod close to the left connecting rod and the end of the right oblique rod close to the right connecting rod, the center position of the cable is a thermal melting rod, an external support spring is provided on the cable, and the two ends of the external support spring are respectively against the inner walls of the left oblique rod and the right oblique rod.

[0008] A fireproof board is installed at the air inlet, and the width of the fireproof board is close to the width of the air inlet. When the fireproof board is rotated to a horizontal position, the air inlet is completely blocked. The fireproof board is rotated at the air inlet through a main shaft, and a diagonal spring is connected between the bottom of the fireproof board and the right side of the air inlet. A fireproof board hot-melt column is fixedly connected to the front and rear inner walls of the air duct, and the fireproof board hot-melt column is against the left wall of the upper part of the fireproof board.

[0009] Furthermore, the thermal melting point temperature of the fireproof board hot-melt column is higher than that of the thermosensitive melting rod.

[0010] Furthermore, a manual opening box is provided on the right outer wall of the air duct, and a pair of pin sleeves are provided on the outer wall of the manual opening box, a hot melt pin is slidably installed in the pin sleeve, the outer end of the hot melt pin extends out of the pin sleeve, and the inner end is connected to the bottom of the pin sleeve with an ejection spring, the right end of the main shaft extends out of the manual opening box and is fixedly connected to a handle, a pin top groove is provided on the inner wall of the handle, the head of the hot melt pin is snap-fitted with the pin top groove, a pin top block is slidably connected in the pin top groove, and the hot melt pin can be ejected from the pin top groove by sliding the pin top block toward one side of the main shaft, an outward push spring is installed on the end of the pin top block close to the main shaft, and a pressure rod is connected to the end away from the main shaft, and the end of the pressure rod extends from the end of the handle.

[0011] Furthermore, a pair of limit blocks are provided on the outer wall of the manual opening box, and the limit blocks are located outside the pin sleeves and are used to limit the handle.

[0012] Furthermore, the air duct, fireproof ventilation device and fireproof board are all made of high temperature resistant materials.

[0013] Furthermore, the number of single plates in the left fireproof row plate and the right fireproof row plate is more than one, the width of the single plates in the left fireproof row plate and the right fireproof row plate is close to the width of the inner hole of the air duct, and the left fireproof row plate and the right fireproof row plate completely block the air duct when they are rotated to a horizontal position.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. The left and right fireproof panels of the present invention are inclined and staggered, forming a series of staggered barriers, which not only limits the path of the fire spreading directly through the air duct, but also increases the difficulty of the flames to pass through. The flames need to bypass or penetrate multiple inclined fireproof panels to continue to spread. Even if the fire is strong enough to penetrate some of the fireproof panels, the staggered design will force the flames to change direction, thereby slowing down its spread and buying more time for firefighters to extinguish the fire and evacuate people. In the case where the fireproof panels do not completely close the air duct, the gaps between them allow a certain amount of air flow, which is crucial for smoke exhaust. Smoke can be guided to the air outlet through these gaps, thereby helping to reduce the smoke concentration in the tunnel and station, improve visibility, and facilitate evacuation. The present invention effectively balances the needs of fire prevention and smoke exhaust. In the early stage of a fire or when the fire is small, it can not only maintain a certain amount of ventilation to assist in smoke exhaust, but also effectively block the spread of fire through the staggered fireproof panels, providing double protection for the safety of the subway system. As the fire grows and the ambient temperature rises, once the melting point of the thermistor is reached, the device will automatically switch to full fire protection mode, further ensuring the safety of the subway system.

[0016] 2. In the present invention, the design of the fireproof board and its hot-melt abutment column can automatically or manually close the air inlet when a fire occurs, effectively preventing the fire from spreading to the inside of the air duct through the air inlet, thereby improving the fireproof performance of the system. The manual operation mechanism allows the fireproof board to be quickly closed manually in special circumstances, such as when the thermistor has not melted but the fire is approaching, thus buying more time for personnel evacuation and fire fighting. The fireproof mechanism combining automatic and manual operation improves the flexibility and reliability of the system. Even if the automatic system fails, fire safety can be ensured through manual operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an automatic fire switching device for a subway ventilation system;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fireproof ventilation device and the fireproof board;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of a fire-proof ventilation device;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the fire-proof ventilation device;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the fireproof board and the manual opening box;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the fireproof board;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the manual opening box and the handle;

[0024] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A partial enlarged view of the K in the middle;

[0025] Fig. 9 It is a structural diagram of manually opening the board box.

[0026] In the figure: 1. air duct; 2. air inlet; 3. air outlet; 5. fireproof ventilation device; 6. left fireproof row plate; 7. left connecting rod; 8. right fireproof row plate; 9. right connecting rod; 11. left oblique rod; 12. right oblique rod; 13. thermal melting rod; 14. cable; 15. external support spring; 16. fireproof board; 17. inclined spring; 18. hot-melt support column of fireproof board; 19. main shaft; 20. manual opening box; 21. handle; 22. limit block; 23. hot-melt pin; 24. pin sleeve; 25. ejection spring; 26. pressure rod; 27. pin ejector block; 28. outward push spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1 to 9A fire automatic switching device for a subway ventilation system includes an air duct 1, which is a square cylindrical structure that runs through from top to bottom. The lower end of the air duct 1 is an air inlet 2, and the upper end is an air outlet 3. A fireproof ventilation device 5 is installed inside the air duct 1; the fireproof ventilation device 5 includes a row of left fireproof row plates 6 and a row of right fireproof row plates 8. The left end of the left fireproof row plate 6 is hinged on the left inner wall of the air duct 1, and the right end of the right fireproof row plate 8 is hinged on the right inner wall of the air duct 1. The right end of the left fireproof row plate 6 is inclined to the lower right and crosses the center line of the air duct 1, and the left end of the right fireproof row plate 8 is inclined to the lower left and crosses the center line of the air duct 1. The middle part of the left fireproof row plate 6 is hinged to a pair of front On the rear-disposed left connecting rod 7, the middle part of the right fireproof row plate 8 is hinged on a pair of front-and-rear-disposed right connecting rods 9, the upper and lower ends of the left connecting rod 7 are respectively hinged with a left oblique rod 11, and the upper end of the right connecting rod 9 is respectively hinged with a right oblique rod 12, the end of the left oblique rod 11 away from the left connecting rod 7 and the end of the right oblique rod 12 away from the right connecting rod 9 are hinged, a cable 14 is connected between the end of the left oblique rod 11 close to the left connecting rod 7 and the end of the right oblique rod 12 close to the right connecting rod 9, the center position of the cable 14 is the thermal melting rod 13, and the cable 14 is provided with an external support spring 15, and the two ends of the external support spring 15 are respectively against the inner wall of the left oblique rod 11 and the right oblique rod 12.

[0029] The number of single plates in the left fireproof row plate 6 and the right fireproof row plate 8 is more than one, and the width of the single plates in the left fireproof row plate 6 and the right fireproof row plate 8 is close to the width of the inner hole of the air duct 1. When the left fireproof row plate 6 and the right fireproof row plate 8 are rotated to the horizontal position, the air duct 1 is completely blocked.

[0030] The air duct 1, the fireproof ventilation device 5 and the fireproof plate 16 are all made of high temperature resistant materials.

[0031] Working principle of this embodiment:

[0032] This embodiment is installed on the ventilation duct between the subway tunnel and the external space. Under normal conditions, the left fireproof panel 6 and the right fireproof panel 8 in the fireproof ventilation device 5 are tilted at a certain angle through the interaction of the cable 14 and the external support spring 15, neither completely closing nor completely opening the air duct 1, thereby maintaining the daily ventilation function of the subway ventilation system. At this time, a thermal fusion rod 13 is provided at the center of the cable 14, which remains solid at room temperature, ensuring the tension of the cable 14, thereby maintaining the tilt angle of the fireproof panel.

[0033] When a fire occurs and the ambient temperature has not reached the melting point of the thermistor 13, the left fireproof panel 6 and the right fireproof panel 8 are tilted downward and arranged in a staggered manner. While achieving smoke exhaust, the flame tongue can be effectively prevented from passing through the air duct 1, thereby achieving a balance between fire prevention and smoke exhaust. As the ambient temperature rises sharply, the thermistor 13 is heated to the melting point and quickly melts. After melting, the cable 14 loses its central support point, and the external support spring 15 immediately pushes the left diagonal rod 11 and the right diagonal rod 12 to expand outward, and then through the action of the connecting rods 7 and 9, the left fireproof panel 6 and the right fireproof panel 8 are driven to rotate rapidly to a horizontal position, completely blocking the upper and lower ends of the air duct 1, achieving a fire prevention function, and effectively preventing the fire from spreading through the air duct.

[0034] The left fireproof panels 6 and the right fireproof panels 8 of this embodiment are tilted and staggered to form staggered barriers. These barriers not only limit the path of the fire spreading directly through the air duct 1, but also increase the difficulty of the flames to pass through, because the flames need to bypass or penetrate multiple tilted fireproof panels to continue to spread. Even if the fire is strong enough to penetrate some of the fireproof panels, the staggered design will force the flames to change direction, thereby slowing down its spread and buying more time for firefighters to extinguish the fire and evacuate people. In the case where the fireproof panels do not completely close the air duct 1, the gaps between them allow a certain amount of air flow, which is crucial for smoke exhaust. Smoke can be guided to the air outlet 3 through these gaps, thereby helping to reduce the smoke concentration in tunnels and stations, improve visibility, and facilitate evacuation.

[0035] This embodiment effectively balances the needs of fire prevention and smoke exhaust. In the early stage of a fire or when the fire is small, it can maintain a certain ventilation volume to assist in smoke exhaust, and can effectively prevent the spread of fire through staggered fireproof panels, providing double protection for the safety of the subway system. As the fire increases and the ambient temperature rises, once the melting point of the thermistor 13 is reached, the device will automatically switch to a complete fire prevention mode, further ensuring the safety of the subway system.

[0036] In this embodiment, the air duct 1, the fireproof ventilation device 5 and the fireproof board 16 are made of high temperature resistant materials to ensure that the structural integrity and functional effectiveness can be maintained under high temperature environment of fire, extend the service life of the equipment, and improve the reliability of the system. The structural design of this embodiment is compact, the connection between components is reliable, and it is easy for daily maintenance and repair, which reduces the maintenance cost and time cost.

[0037] Example 2: Please refer to Figures 1 to 9, an automatic switching device for fire in a subway ventilation system, which differs from Example 1 in that a fireproof plate 16 is installed at the air inlet 2, and the width of the fireproof plate 16 is close to the width of the air inlet 2. When the fireproof plate 16 is rotated to a horizontal position, the air inlet 2 is completely blocked, and the fireproof plate 16 is rotated at the air inlet 2 through a main shaft 19. An inclined spring 17 is connected between the bottom of the fireproof plate 16 and the right side of the air inlet 2. A fireproof plate hot-melt abutment column 18 is fixedly connected to the front and rear inner walls of the air duct 1, and the fireproof plate hot-melt abutment column 18 abuts against the left wall of the upper part of the fireproof plate 16.

[0038] The thermal melting point of the fireproof board heat-melting column 18 is higher than that of the heat-sensitive melting rod 13 .

[0039] A manual opening box 20 is provided on the outer wall of the right side of the air duct 1, and a pair of pin sleeves 24 are provided on the outer wall of the manual opening box 20. A hot melt pin 23 is slidably installed in the pin sleeve 24, and the outer end of the hot melt pin 23 extends out of the pin sleeve 24, and the inner end is connected to the bottom of the pin sleeve 24 with an ejection spring 25. The right end of the main shaft 19 extends out of the manual opening box 20 and is fixedly connected with a handle 21. A pin top groove is provided on the inner wall of the handle 21, and the head of the hot melt pin 23 is snap-fitted with the pin top groove, and a pin top block 27 is slidably connected in the pin top groove. The pin top block 27 can be slid toward one side of the main shaft 19 to eject the hot melt pin 23 from the pin top groove. An outward push spring 28 is installed on the end of the pin top block 27 close to the main shaft 19, and a pressure rod 26 is connected to the end away from the main shaft 19, and the end of the pressure rod 26 extends from the end of the handle 21.

[0040] A pair of limit blocks 22 are further provided on the outer wall of the manual opening box 20 . The limit blocks 22 are located outside the pin sleeve 24 and are used to limit the handle 21 .

[0041] The fireproof board 16 is made of high temperature resistant material.

[0042] In this embodiment, the fire plate 16 and the inclined spring 17: Under normal circumstances, the fire plate 16 is installed at the air inlet 2 through the main shaft 19, and the inclined spring 17 connected between its bottom and the right side of the air inlet 2 keeps the fire plate in an open state, allowing air circulation.

[0043] Fireproof board hot melt column 18: The fireproof board hot melt column 18 fixed on the front and rear inner walls of the air duct 1 is against the left wall of the upper part of the fireproof board 16. When a fire occurs, if the ambient temperature rises to the hot melting point of the fireproof board hot melt column 18 and the hot melt pin 23, the column will melt, and the hot melt pin will also release the restriction on the handle 21, and lose the support function for the fireproof board 16. At this time, the tension of the inclined spring 17 will cause the fireproof board 16 to rotate to a horizontal position, completely blocking the air inlet 2, and realizing the fire prevention function.

[0044] Manual opening box 20 and hot melt pin 23: In the manual opening box 20 arranged on the right outer wall of the air duct 1, the hot melt pin 23 is installed beside the main shaft 19 through the pin sleeve 24 and the ejection spring 25. Under normal circumstances, the head of the hot melt pin 23 is engaged with the pin top groove on the inner wall of the handle 21 to lock the handle position and prevent the fireproof board 16 from being accidentally opened.

[0045] Pin top block 27 and outward push spring 28: By sliding the pin top block 27, the resistance of the outward push spring 28 can be overcome, and the hot melt pin 23 can be pushed out from the pin top groove, thereby releasing the lock of the handle 21. At this time, the fireproof board 16 can be manually opened or closed by rotating the handle 21. Press rod 26 and limit block 22: The press rod 26 facilitates the operator to push the pin top block 27 from the outside, and the limit block 22 is used to provide a limit when rotating the handle 21 to prevent the handle from being damaged due to excessive rotation.

[0046] In this embodiment, the design of the fireproof board 16 and its hot melt support column 18 can automatically or manually close the air inlet 2 when a fire occurs, effectively preventing the fire from spreading to the inside of the air duct 1 through the air inlet, thereby improving the fireproof performance of the system. The manual operation mechanism allows the fireproof board 16 to be quickly and manually closed in special circumstances, such as when the thermistor 13 has not melted but the fire is approaching, thereby buying more time for personnel evacuation and fire fighting. The fireproof mechanism combining automatic and manual operation improves the flexibility and reliability of the system, and even if the automatic system fails, fire safety can be ensured through manual operation.

Claims

1. An automatic switching device for fire in a subway ventilation system, comprising an air duct (1), characterized in that: The air duct (1) is a square cylindrical structure that is connected from top to bottom. The lower end of the air duct (1) is an air inlet (2), and the upper end is an air outlet (3). A fireproof ventilation device (5) is installed inside the air duct (1); The fireproof ventilation device (5) comprises a row of left fireproof panels (6) and a row of right fireproof panels (8), the left end of the left fireproof panel (6) is hinged on the left inner wall of the air duct (1), the right end of the right fireproof panel (8) is hinged on the right inner wall of the air duct (1), the right end of the left fireproof panel (6) is inclined to the lower right and crosses the center line of the air duct (1), the left end of the right fireproof panel (8) is inclined to the lower left and crosses the center line of the air duct (1), the middle part of the left fireproof panel (6) is hinged on a pair of left connecting rods (7) arranged front and back, the middle part of the right fireproof panel (8) is hinged on a pair of right connecting rods (9) arranged front and back, the left connecting rod (7) is hinged on the right connecting rod (9) and the left connecting rod (7) is hinged on the right connecting rod (9). A left oblique rod (11) is hinged at the upper and lower ends respectively, and a right oblique rod (12) is hinged at the upper end of the right connecting rod (9). An end of the left oblique rod (11) away from the left connecting rod (7) is hinged with an end of the right oblique rod (12) away from the right connecting rod (9). A cable (14) is connected between an end of the left oblique rod (11) close to the left connecting rod (7) and an end of the right oblique rod (12) close to the right connecting rod (9). The center of the cable (14) is a thermal melting rod (13). An external support spring (15) is sleeved on the cable (14). The two ends of the external support spring (15) are respectively against the inner side walls of the left oblique rod (11) and the right oblique rod (12).

2. The automatic fire switching device for subway ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fireproof plate (16) is installed at the air inlet (2), and the width of the fireproof plate (16) is close to the width of the air inlet (2). When the fireproof plate (16) is rotated to a horizontal position, the air inlet (2) is completely blocked. The fireproof plate (16) is rotated at the air inlet (2) through a main shaft (19). A diagonal spring (17) is connected between the bottom of the fireproof plate (16) and the right side of the air inlet (2). A fireproof plate hot-melt abutment column (18) is fixedly connected to the front and rear inner walls of the air duct (1), and the fireproof plate hot-melt abutment column (18) abuts against the left side wall of the upper part of the fireproof plate (16).

3. The automatic fire switching device for subway ventilation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thermal melting point of the fireproof board thermal melting column (18) is higher than that of the thermal sensitive melting rod (13).

4. The automatic fire switching device for subway ventilation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A manual opening box (20) is provided on the right outer wall of the air duct (1), and a pair of pin sleeves (24) are provided on the outer wall of the manual opening box (20). A hot melt pin (23) is slidably installed in the pin sleeve (24). The outer end of the hot melt pin (23) extends out of the pin sleeve (24), and the inner end is connected to the bottom of the pin sleeve (24) and is connected to an ejection spring (25). The right end of the main shaft (19) extends out of the manual opening box (20) and is fixedly connected to a handle (21). The handle (21) A pin top groove is provided on the inner side wall of the main shaft (1), the head of the hot melt pin (23) is snap-fitted with the pin top groove, a pin top block (27) is slidably connected in the pin top groove, and the hot melt pin (23) can be pushed out of the pin top groove by sliding the pin top block (27) toward one side of the main shaft (19), an outward push spring (28) is installed at one end of the pin top block (27) close to the main shaft (19), and a pressure rod (26) is connected to the other end away from the main shaft (19), and the end of the pressure rod (26) extends out from the end of the handle (21).

5. The automatic fire switching device for subway ventilation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A pair of limit blocks (22) are also provided on the outer wall of the manual opening box (20). The limit blocks (22) are located outside the pin sleeve (24) and are used to limit the handle (21).

6. The automatic fire switching device for subway ventilation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The air duct (1), the fireproof ventilation device (5) and the fireproof plate (16) are all made of high temperature resistant materials.

7. The automatic fire switching device for subway ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of single plates in the left fireproof row plate (6) and the right fireproof row plate (8) is more than one, the width of the single plates in the left fireproof row plate (6) and the right fireproof row plate (8) is close to the width of the inner hole of the air duct (1), and the left fireproof row plate (6) and the right fireproof row plate (8) completely block the air duct (1) when they are rotated to a horizontal position.

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