Smooth blasting charging structure based on impact pipeline effect and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a smooth blasting charging structure based on the impact pipeline effect and a construction method of the smooth blasting charging structure. The smooth blasting charging structure comprises a main explosive charging layer and a to-be-blasted explosive charging layer which are arranged in a blasting hole in a segmented mode, and only the main explosive charging layer is provided with an active detonating assembly; an energy gathering structure for generating tip impact energy through explosion is arranged in the main explosive charging layer, the energy gathering structure forms a conical energy gathering cavity in the main explosive charging layer, the tip of the conical energy gathering cavity faces the to-be-charged explosive charging layer, and the tip impact energy generated after the main explosive charging layer is detonated propagates explosion of the to-be-charged explosive charging layer. According to the method, the detonating cord is not used for the explosives to be exploded during smooth blasting tunneling, the main explosive is detonated under the condition that only one active detonating assembly is used, all the explosives to be exploded in the blast hole are subjected to explosion propagation through the impact pipeline effect of the explosives, the blasting cost is reduced, the construction efficiency is improved, and good economic benefits are obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a smooth blasting charge structure based on impact pipeline effect and a construction method thereof, belonging to the smooth blasting technology. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the application of mining excavation production, smooth blasting is divided into sections and micro-difference blasting by correctly selecting blasting parameters and reasonable construction methods. The contour line after blasting meets the design requirements, and the free surface is flat and regular. It is a commonly used blasting technology in mining excavation production. Traditional smooth blasting commonly uses two axial uncoupled charge initiation methods: detonator initiation and detonating cord transmission. The detonator initiation method is limited by cost reasons. At present, millisecond detonators with large errors are mostly used in blasting projects. There is a possibility of refusal to explode and blind blasting when detonators are used multiple times in the blasthole, which seriously affects the blasting effect. When using detonating cords for transmission, detonating cords need to be laid in each blasthole. The process is relatively cumbersome, and there are certain requirements for the workers' proficiency in operation. The blasting construction efficiency is low, and the use of detonating cords in all blastholes will inevitably increase the blasting cost. Therefore, in actual blasting projects, a reliable and cheap smooth blasting charge structure is urgently needed to achieve safety and efficiency and reduce blasting costs. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem solved by the present invention is: in view of the problems of complicated process and high blasting cost in the existing smooth blasting using detonating cord to transmit explosion, a smooth blasting charge structure based on impact pipeline effect and a construction method thereof are provided.

[0004] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention firstly discloses a smooth blasting charge structure based on the impact pipeline effect, comprising a main explosive charge layer and a fired explosive charge layer which are arranged in sections in a blasting borehole, wherein only the main explosive charge layer is provided with an active detonating component, an energy-gathering structure for generating tip impact energy by explosion is provided in the main explosive charge layer, the energy-gathering structure forms a conical energy-gathering hole in the main explosive charge layer, the tip of the conical energy-gathering hole faces the fired explosive charge layer, and the tip impact energy generated by the detonation of the main explosive charge layer transfers the fired explosive charge layer to detonate.

[0006] In a smooth blasting charge structure based on the impact pipe effect of the present invention, further, the main explosive charge layer is located at the bottom of the blasting hole, and the fired explosive charge layer and the main explosive charge layer, as well as adjacent fired explosive charge layers are segmentedly arranged in the blasting hole through a spacing layer, and the spacing layer is an air spacing layer.

[0007] In a smooth blasting charging structure based on the impact pipe effect of the present invention, further, the main explosive charging layer includes a main explosive roll, an energy focusing cover and an energy focusing cone, the energy focusing cover is a hollow cylinder corresponding to the cross-section of the blasting hole, the main explosive roll is connected to the active detonating component and is embedded in the energy focusing cover, the energy focusing cone is arranged at one end of the cylinder of the energy focusing cover, the tip of the energy focusing cone faces the inside of the cylinder, and the main explosive roll is compressed inside the cylinder of the energy focusing cover to form an energy focusing hole.

[0008] In a smooth blasting charge structure based on the impact pipeline effect of the present invention, further, two sections of main explosive cartridges are arranged inside the energy-gathering cover along the axial direction of the cylinder.

[0009] In a smooth blasting charge structure based on the impact pipeline effect of the present invention, further, the active detonation component includes an electronic detonator or a detonating cord.

[0010] In a smooth blasting charge structure based on the impact pipe effect of the present invention, further, the fired explosive charge layer includes fired explosive rolls positioned in the blasting borehole, and the fired explosive rolls are fixed on positioning plates at intervals and placed in the blasting borehole through the positioning plates.

[0011] In a smooth blasting charge structure based on the impact pipe effect of the present invention, further, the orifice of the blasting blast hole is filled with gun mud to form a filling layer.

[0012] In a smooth blasting charge structure based on the impact pipe effect of the present invention, further, the length of the filling layer is 8-10% of the length of the blasting hole, the length of the fired explosive charge layer is 8-10% of the length of the blasting hole, the length of the spacer layer is 20-25% of the length of the blasting hole, and the length of the main explosive charge layer is 18-20% of the length of the blasting hole.

[0013] The present invention also discloses a construction method of the above-mentioned smooth blasting charge structure, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Use a drilling rig to drill the blasting hole and clean the impurities in the blasting hole before charging;

[0015] Step 2: Roll two main explosives into the energy-gathering cover, insert the electronic detonator as an active detonation component between the bottom of the energy-gathering cover and the main explosives, and place the assembled energy-gathering cover at the bottom of the blasting hole to form a main explosive charge layer;

[0016] Step 3, connecting and fixing the explosive rolls to be fired on the positioning piece at a spacing distance, and sequentially placing the explosive rolls to be fired in the blasting hole on the main explosive charge layer through the positioning piece, wherein the explosive rolls to be fired form the explosive charge layer in the blasting hole, and the blasting hole where the positioning piece is located forms a spacing layer;

[0017] Step 4: Use gun mud to fill the hole mouth to form a filling layer.

[0018] In the blasting charge structure construction method of the present invention, further, in the step 2, the packaging of one end of the main explosive roll near the energy focusing cone inside the energy focusing cover is destroyed, so that the explosive completely fills the cone hole gap between the energy focusing cone and the inner wall of the energy focusing cover, ensuring that a structurally reliable energy focusing hole is formed in the main explosive charge layer.

[0019] The above technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The present invention utilizes the impact pipe effect to detonate the blasting charge structure, so that the explosives can be completely detonated. The resulting tunnel section can meet the use requirements of the mine and improve the blasting effect. Compared with the traditional smooth blasting charge structure, the operation process is simple.

[0021] (2) The energy-gathering structure provided in the main explosive charge layer of the present invention generates tip impact energy to transfer explosion to the secondary explosive charge layer after the main explosive roll is detonated. The tip impact energy can more effectively impact and destroy the secondary explosive roll, thereby improving the explosion transfer efficiency of the multi-stage secondary explosive charge layer.

[0022] (2) The blasting charge structure of the present invention has a fast construction and charging speed. The explosive charge layer to be fired can be quickly placed through the positioning plate. The worker operation process is simple. Only the main explosive charge layer is set for active detonation. The blasting cost is low. Compared with the traditional smooth blasting charge structure, the production cost is reduced by 50-55%, which effectively improves the work efficiency and the economic benefits of the mine.

[0023] In summary, the present invention does not use detonating cords for the fired explosives during smooth surface blasting and excavation, but detonates the main explosive under the condition of using only one active detonating assembly, and utilizes the impact pipeline effect of the explosives to transfer the explosion of all the fired explosives in the blast hole, thereby reducing the blasting cost, making the charging construction simpler, improving the production efficiency, and having better economic benefits, and has a wide range of promotion and application value for similar excavation smooth surface blasting projects.

[0024] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the blasting charge structure in Example 1.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main explosive charge layer structure in Example 1.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of positioning the explosive charge layer in Example 1.

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the construction process of the blasting charge structure in the second embodiment.

[0029] Numbers in the figure:

[0030] 1-main explosive charge layer, 11-main explosive volume, 12-electronic detonator, 13-detonator lead, 14-energy-gathering cover, 15-energy-gathering cone;

[0031] 2- explosive charge layer, 21- explosive cartridge;

[0032] 3-spacer layer, 31-positioning sheet;

[0033] 4-filling layer, 41-blasthole mud. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] See also Figure 1 , the figure shows a specific implementation scheme of the blasting charge structure using the impact pipe effect to detonate of the present invention. This embodiment is used for smooth blasting and excavation in mining production. A main explosive charge layer 1, a fired explosive charge layer 2 and a filling layer 4 are sequentially arranged in sections from the inside to the outside in the blasting hole, wherein a plurality of fired explosive charge layers 2 are arranged according to the length of the blasting hole, and a spacing layer 3 is arranged between the fired explosive charge layer 2 and the main explosive charge layer 1, and between adjacent fired explosive charge layers 2.

[0036] Among them, among the main explosive charge layer 1 and the fired explosive charge layer 2 which are arranged in sections in the blasting borehole, only the main explosive charge layer 1 is provided with an active detonating component, and an energy-gathering structure for generating tip impact energy by explosion is provided in the main explosive charge layer 1. The energy-gathering structure forms a conical energy-gathering hole in the main explosive charge layer 1, and the tip of the conical energy-gathering hole faces the fired explosive charge layer 2. The tip impact energy generated by the detonation of the main explosive charge layer 1 will be transmitted to the fired explosive charge layer 2 to realize the explosion of all the fired explosive charge layers 2.

[0037] See also Figure 2The main explosive charge layer 1 of the present embodiment specifically includes a main explosive volume 11, an electronic detonator 12, a detonator lead 13, an energy-gathering cover 14 and an energy-gathering cone 15. The energy-gathering cover 14 and the energy-gathering cone 15 constitute an energy-gathering structure for accommodating the main explosive volume and forming an energy-gathering hole. The energy-gathering cover 14 is a hollow cylinder corresponding to the cross-section of the blasting hole. One end of the cylinder is open and the other end is closed by the energy-gathering cone 15. The main explosive volume 11 is connected to the electronic detonator 12 and loaded into the energy-gathering cover 14 from one end of the cylinder opening. The detonator lead 13 connected to the electronic detonator 12 is led out from the energy-gathering cover 14. The main explosive is combined into a cylinder structure with a rigid overall structure. The energy-gathering cover 14 can also protect the main explosive volume, so that the main explosive is convenient to be quickly and accurately loaded into the bottom of the blasting hole. Inside the energy-gathering cover 14, an energy-gathering cone 15 is arranged at one end of the cylinder of the energy-gathering cover 14, and the tip of the energy-gathering cone 15 faces the inside of the cylinder, and a cone hole end face with a tip is formed inside the energy-gathering cover 14. After the main explosive roll 11 is loaded into the energy-gathering cover 14, the front section of the explosive is compressed by the energy-gathering cone 15 to form an energy-gathering hole. In this embodiment, the main explosive charge layer 1 is arranged at the bottom of the blast hole. When the main explosive charge layer 1 is arranged, the end of the energy-gathering cover 14 where the energy-gathering cone 15 is located is placed toward the bottom of the blast hole, so that the tip of the energy-gathering hole formed by the main explosive compressed by the energy-gathering cone faces outside the hole toward the remaining explosive charge layers.

[0038] Specifically, the energy focusing cone 15 in this embodiment has a cone angle of 40° and a length of not less than 30 cm. It is integrally formed or fixedly connected with the energy focusing cover 14 using the same material. The shell thickness of the energy focusing cover 14 and the energy focusing cone 15 is 2 mm. The inner diameter of the energy focusing cover 14 is selected according to the outer diameter of the main explosive cartridge.

[0039] In order to increase the explosive energy generated by the detonation of the main explosive charge layer to ensure that the explosives in the blasting borehole are completely detonated, in this embodiment, two main explosive rolls 11 are arranged in the main explosive charge layer. The two sections of the main explosive rolls 11 are loaded along the axial direction of the cylinder of the energy-gathering cover body 14. The main explosive rolls 11 use rolled emulsion explosives. When the main explosive rolls 11 are loaded, the packaging of the end of the main explosive roll close to the energy-gathering cone is destroyed. The explosives at the end of the roll lose the restriction of the packaging bag, and the internal explosives can completely fill the cone hole gap between the energy-gathering cone and the inner wall of the energy-gathering cover. After the main explosive rolls are completely detonated, the tip blasting energy generated by the energy-gathering structure is maximized to ensure reliable and effective detonation transmission to the explosive charge layer.

[0040] The present embodiment adopts the electronic detonator 12 as the active detonation component. In practical applications, detonating cords or other types of detonators may also be used according to the detonation performance of the actual explosives used.

[0041] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3The fired explosive charge layer 2 of this embodiment includes a fired explosive roll 21 positioned in the blasting borehole. The fired explosive roll 21 is fixed on a positioning plate 31 at a spacing distance and is placed in the blasting borehole through the positioning plate 31. The blasting borehole section where the fired explosive roll 21 is located is the fired explosive charge section 2. The positioning piece 31 can be made of local materials, such as wood chips or bamboo chips. The fired explosive roll 21 uses the same rolled emulsion explosive as the main explosive roll. The fired explosive roll 21 is fixed on the positioning piece 31 by a binding tape or an adhesive tape. The positioning piece 31 can be made of multiple sections to cooperate with multiple fired explosive rolls 21. One fired explosive roll 21 is fixed at the end of one positioning piece 31. One fired explosive roll 21 is loaded into the blasting borehole at a time. The positioning piece 31 is loaded toward the bottom of the borehole. The fired explosive roll 21 and the main explosive charge layer 1, as well as adjacent fired explosive rolls 21 are abutted and spaced apart by the positioning piece. Alternatively, a whole positioning piece 31 corresponding to the length of the blasting borehole can be used to fix multiple fired explosive rolls 21 at different positions on the positioning piece 31 according to the spacing distance, and then all fired explosive rolls 21 are loaded into the blasting borehole at one time through the whole positioning piece. Since the fired explosive cartridge 21 is positioned and installed by means of the positioning piece, and the fired explosive cartridge is detonated by transmission, a protective shell is not provided outside the fired explosive cartridge in this embodiment.

[0042] The blast hole sections separated by positioning plates 31 between the fired explosive rolls 21 and the main explosive charge layer 1 and between adjacent fired explosive rolls 21 form spacing layers 3. The length of the spacing layers 3 depends on the rock properties, cross-sectional size, energy leakage rate and stable impact energy of the explosive in the blast hole. The spacing layers 3 in this embodiment are air spacing layers, which reduce the obstruction of other solid filling media to the explosion transmission energy.

[0043] In order to prevent the launched explosives from being rushed out of the blast hole by the explosion shock wave and affecting the blasting effect, the blast hole mouth needs to be strictly filled with gun mud 41 to form a filling layer 4.

[0044] In this embodiment, the length of the filling layer is 8-10% of the length of the blasting hole, the length of the fired explosive charge layer is 8-10% of the length of the blasting hole, the length of the spacer layer is 20-25% of the length of the blasting hole, and the length of the main explosive charge layer is 18-20% of the length of the blasting hole.

[0045] Embodiment 2

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, the construction method of the blasting charge structure of the first embodiment includes the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Use a drilling rig to drill the blasting hole and clean the impurities in the blasting hole before charging, such as using high-pressure air to blow out impurities such as gravel in the hole.

[0048] Step 2: Roll two main explosive rolls into the energy-gathering cover, insert the electronic detonator as an active detonating component between the bottom of the energy-gathering cover and the main explosive roll, and place the assembled energy-gathering cover at the bottom of the blasting hole to form a main explosive charge layer. When loading the main explosive roll into the energy-gathering cover, destroy the packaging of one end of the main explosive roll close to the energy-gathering cone inside the energy-gathering cover, so that the explosive completely fills the cone hole gap between the energy-gathering cone and the inner wall of the energy-gathering cover, ensuring that a reliable energy-gathering hole is formed in the main explosive charge layer.

[0049] Step three, connect and fix the explosive rolls to be fired on the positioning pieces at intervals, and place the explosive rolls to be fired in the blasting hole on the main explosive charge layer in sequence through the positioning pieces, wherein the explosive rolls to be fired form an explosive charge layer in the blasting hole, and the blasting hole where the positioning piece is located forms a spacing layer; during this process, pay attention to the normal laying of the detonator lead leading out of the main explosive charge layer to avoid excessive pulling of the detonator lead causing the detonator lead to loosen from the electronic detonator.

[0050] Step 4: Use gun mud to fill the hole mouth to form a filling layer.

[0051] The blasting charge structure and construction method thereof in Example 1 and Example 2 are applied to the middle section of -240m of Fankou Lead-Zinc Mine, Shiling South (Shn) 18# vein tunnel, for smooth blasting of underground tunnels.

[0052] The charge structure of the first embodiment is adopted, and a smooth blasting charge structure is set as follows: Figure 1 , including the following specific steps:

[0053] (1) The design uses a drilling rig with a drill rod of 3.05 m in length to drill holes. The construction length of the blasthole is 2.65 m and the diameter of the blasthole is 38 mm. A high-pressure blower is used to blow out impurities such as gravel in the blasthole.

[0054] (2) A rolled emulsion explosive with a diameter of 35 mm and a length of 270 mm and a rolled emulsion explosive with a diameter of 27 mm and a length of 230 mm are used as the main explosive rolls. The two rolled explosives, electronic detonators and energy-gathering covers are combined into a main explosive energy-gathering structure, which is placed at the bottom of the blasting hole to form a main explosive charge layer.

[0055] (3) Emulsion explosive rolls with a diameter of 27 mm and a length of 230 mm and emulsion explosive rolls with a diameter of 35 mm and a length of 270 mm are connected to bamboo strips with a length of 70 cm respectively as the fired explosive rolls. First, a combination of a fired explosive roll with a diameter of 35 mm and a length of 270 mm and a bamboo strip is placed in the blast hole above the main explosive charge layer, and then a combination of a fired explosive roll with a diameter of 27 mm and a length of 230 mm and a bamboo strip is placed, so as to form two spacing layers and two fired explosive charge layers in the blast hole.

[0056] (4) Use gun mud to fill the hole mouth, and the length of the filling layer is 25cm.

[0057] The underground excavation tunnel adopts the above-mentioned blasting charge structure for core blasting construction. The detonation rate of explosives reaches 100%, and no charge refusal to explode has been found so far. The economic benefits are compared with the traditional detonation method. When the traditional detonation method is used, the cost of blasting materials for each meter of excavation is 60.8 yuan. Due to the elimination of the use of detonating cord, the cost of blasting materials for each meter of excavation in this example is 27.7 yuan. Therefore, the cost for each meter of excavation is reduced by 33.1 yuan compared with the traditional detonation method, and the cost of blasting materials is reduced by 54.4%.

[0058] The above embodiments are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smooth blasting charge structure based on impact pipeline effect, characterized in that It comprises a main explosive charge layer and a fired explosive charge layer which are arranged in sections in a blasting borehole, wherein only the main explosive charge layer is provided with an active detonating assembly, and an energy-gathering structure for generating tip impact energy by explosion is provided in the main explosive charge layer, wherein the energy-gathering structure forms a conical energy-gathering hole in the main explosive charge layer, and the tip of the conical energy-gathering hole faces the fired explosive charge layer, and the tip impact energy generated by the detonation of the main explosive charge layer will be transmitted to the fired explosive charge layer.

2. A smooth blasting charge structure based on impact pipeline effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main explosive charge layer is located at the bottom of the blasting hole, and the fired explosive charge layer and the main explosive charge layer, as well as adjacent fired explosive charge layers, are arranged in sections in the blasting hole through a spacing layer, and the spacing layer is an air spacing layer.

3. A smooth blasting charge structure based on impact pipeline effect according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main explosive charge layer includes a main explosive roll, an energy focusing cover and an energy focusing cone. The energy focusing cover is a hollow cylinder corresponding to the cross-section of the blasting hole. The main explosive roll is connected to an active detonating component and is embedded in the energy focusing cover. The energy focusing cone is arranged at one end of the cylinder of the energy focusing cover, with the tip of the energy focusing cone facing the inside of the cylinder. The main explosive roll is compressed inside the cylinder of the energy focusing cover to form an energy focusing hole.

4. A smooth blasting charge structure based on impact pipeline effect according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two sections of main explosive cartridges are arranged inside the energy-gathering cover along the axial direction of the cylinder.

5. A smooth blasting charge structure based on impact pipeline effect according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The active detonation component includes an electronic detonator or a detonating cord.

6. A smooth blasting charge structure based on impact pipeline effect according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fired explosive charge layer includes fired explosive rolls positioned in the blasting borehole. The fired explosive rolls are fixed on positioning pieces at intervals and are placed in the blasting borehole through the positioning pieces.

7. A smooth blasting charge structure based on impact pipeline effect according to claim 2, characterized in that: The opening of the blasting borehole is filled with gun mud to form a filling layer.

8. The smooth blasting charge structure based on the impact pipeline effect according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The length of the filling layer is 8-10% of the length of the blasting hole, the length of the fired explosive charge layer is 8-10% of the length of the blasting hole, the length of the spacing layer is 20-25% of the length of the blasting hole, and the length of the main explosive charge layer is 18-20% of the length of the blasting hole.

9. A method for constructing a smooth blasting charge structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The steps include: Step 1: Use a drilling rig to drill the blasting hole and clean the impurities in the blasting hole before charging; Step 2: Roll two main explosives into the energy-gathering cover, insert the electronic detonator as an active detonation component between the bottom of the energy-gathering cover and the main explosives, and place the assembled energy-gathering cover at the bottom of the blasting hole to form a main explosive charge layer; Step 3, connecting and fixing the explosive rolls to be fired on the positioning piece at a spacing distance, and sequentially placing the explosive rolls to be fired in the blasting hole on the main explosive charge layer through the positioning piece, wherein the explosive rolls to be fired form the explosive charge layer in the blasting hole, and the blasting hole where the positioning piece is located forms a spacing layer; Step 4: Use gun mud to fill the hole mouth to form a filling layer.

10. The method for constructing a smooth blasting charge structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the step 2, the packaging of one end of the main explosive roll near the energy-gathering cone inside the energy-gathering cover is cut, so that the explosive completely fills the cone hole gap between the energy-gathering cone and the inner wall of the energy-gathering cover, ensuring that a structurally reliable energy-gathering hole is formed in the main explosive charge layer.

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