Shaft part detection device and detection method

Abstract

The invention provides a shaft part detection device and method, and relates to the technical field of part detection, and the detection device comprises a pedestal, a control part, a first measuring part, a second sensing part, and a third sensing part. The base is provided with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotationally connected with the base, and the rotating shaft can be provided with a shaft part so that the shaft part can rotate relative to the base; the first measuring piece is connected with the control piece, and the first measuring piece and the shaft piece are oppositely arranged; the second induction piece is arranged on the rotating shaft; the third sensing part is connected with the control part, the third sensing part and the rotating shaft are oppositely arranged, and when the third sensing part detects the second sensing part, the third sensing part can output a detection signal. The jumping phenomenon of the shaft part is detected and measured, the situation that the detection device and the shaft part hinder and interfere with each other is reduced, the accuracy and timeliness in the detection process are guaranteed, and subsequent correction and maintenance are facilitated for personnel according to the jumping angle value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of component detection, and in particular to a shaft component detection device and a detection method. Background Art

[0002] The surface flatness or shape consistency of shaft parts in industry and household appliances is poor, which causes the shaft parts to vibrate, thus affecting the normal use and operation of the shaft parts. At present, the detection efficiency of the vibration detection of shaft parts is low, and the accuracy of the detection results is poor, which affects the subsequent evaluation and maintenance of shaft parts. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shaft component detection device and detection method for detecting and measuring the vibration phenomenon of shaft components, ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of the detection process, and facilitating personnel to perform subsequent corrections and maintenance based on the vibration angle value.

[0004] A first aspect of the present invention provides a shaft component detection device, which includes a base, a control component, a first measuring component, a second sensing component and a third sensing component.

[0005] A base, wherein the base is provided with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the base, and the rotating shaft can be provided with a shaft-like component so that the shaft-like component can rotate relative to the base;

[0006] Controls;

[0007] A first measuring member, wherein the first measuring member is connected to the control member and is arranged opposite to the shaft member;

[0008] A second induction member, wherein the second induction member is disposed on the rotating shaft;

[0009] The third sensor is connected to the control element and is arranged opposite to the rotating shaft. When the third sensor detects the second sensing element, the third sensor can output a detection signal.

[0010] In a possible embodiment of the present invention, when the second sensing element is in a preset sensing area of ​​the third sensing element, the third sensing element outputs a detection signal.

[0011] In a possible embodiment of the present invention, the detection signal includes a first detection signal and a second detection signal. When the second sensing element gradually approaches the third sensing element, the third sensing element outputs the first detection signal; when the second sensing element gradually moves away from the third sensing element, the third sensing element outputs the second detection signal.

[0012] In a possible embodiment of the present invention, the first measuring member can emit collimated measuring light, and the optical axis direction of the collimated measuring light is perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotating shaft.

[0013] In a possible embodiment of the present invention, an angle scale is provided on the circumference of the rotating shaft.

[0014] A second aspect of the present invention provides a detection method, comprising:

[0015] Construct a detection environment for shaft parts to keep them rotating at a constant speed;

[0016] Acquiring real-time parameters and preset parameters in the detection environment, wherein the real-time parameters represent real-time measurement parameters of the shaft component;

[0017] Compare the real-time parameters with the preset parameters to determine whether the shaft component has a jumping phenomenon;

[0018] If yes, the shaft component has a defect, and the runout angle value of the defective position of the shaft component is determined according to the real-time parameters;

[0019] If not, the shaft parts inspection is qualified.

[0020] In a possible embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining the runout angle value of the defect position of the shaft component according to the real-time parameter includes:

[0021] The real-time parameters include a distance parameter N n and correction angle A, the jitter angle value θ is obtained according to the distance parameter and the correction angle, satisfying: θ=(360 / n*N n -A)% 360°, where n is the number of distance parameters.

[0022] In a possible embodiment of the present invention, the distance parameter N n The difference from the standard distance parameter is not equal to zero, and the distance parameter N n At least includes a first distance value N1 and a second distance value N2, wherein the first distance value N1 is smaller than the standard distance parameter, and the second distance value N2 is larger than the standard distance parameter.

[0023] In a possible embodiment of the present invention, the first trigger time includes T1, the second trigger time includes T2, and the correction angle A satisfies: A=360 / T2*T1 / 2.

[0024] In a possible embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining whether the shaft component has a jumping phenomenon includes:

[0025] At least the real-time parameters at two opposite ends of the shaft-like component are measured, and the number of the real-time parameters at any end of the shaft-like component is at least two.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the detection device provided by the present invention is used to detect and measure the vibration phenomenon of shaft parts, the rotating shaft on the base is used to fix and install the shaft parts to be detected, the shaft parts can be rotated through the rotating shaft, the first measuring part is used to measure the distance parameter, and the change of the distance parameter is used to determine whether the shaft parts have vibration. The second sensing part is installed on the rotating shaft, and the second sensing part and the third sensing part are used to measure the rotation speed and angular position of the shaft parts, and can sense each other and output detection signals, the control part is used to connect and control the first measuring part and the third sensing part, and the measurement parameters and measurement results are read through the control part. Non-contact detection is used to reduce the mutual obstruction and interference between the detection device and the shaft parts, so as to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the detection process. The measurement method detects shaft parts. If the shaft parts have vibration phenomenon, the shaft parts are defective, and the vibration angle value of the defective position of the shaft parts can be estimated, so that personnel can make subsequent corrections and maintenance according to the vibration angle value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the detection device provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic side structural diagram of a third sensor element of a detection device provided in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the process of the detection method provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] Description of main component symbols;

[0032] 100 - detection device; 110 - base; 111 - rotating shaft; 120 - control component; 130 - first measuring component; 140 - second sensing component; 150 - third sensing component; 200 - shaft component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0034] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0037] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0039] Some embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] In the related art, the shaft parts have the problem of vibration, which affects the normal use and operation of the shaft parts. The vibration detection of shaft parts has low detection efficiency and poor accuracy, which affects the subsequent evaluation and maintenance of shaft parts.

[0042] To solve the above problems, refer to Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a shaft component detection device 100 , which includes a base 110 , a control component 120 , a first measuring component 130 , a second sensing component 140 and a third sensing component 150 .

[0043] Specifically, combined Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the base 110 is installed with a rotating shaft 111, the rotating shaft 111 is rotatably connected to the base 110, and the rotating shaft 111 can be installed with a shaft-like component 200, so that the shaft-like component 200 can rotate relative to the base 110; the first measuring component 130 is connected to the control component 120, and the first measuring component 130 and the shaft-like component 200 are arranged opposite to each other; the second sensing component 140 is arranged on the rotating shaft 111; the third sensing component 150 is connected to the control component 120, and the third sensing component 150 is arranged opposite to the rotating shaft 111. When the third sensing component 150 detects the second sensing component 140, the third sensing component 150 The sensor component 150 can output a detection signal. The rotating shaft 111 on the base 110 is used to fix and install the shaft component 200 to be detected. The shaft component 200 can rotate through the rotating shaft 111. The first measuring component 130 is used to measure the distance parameter, and the change in the distance parameter is used to determine whether the shaft component 200 has any vibration. The second sensing component 140 is installed on the rotating shaft 111. The second sensing component 140 and the third sensing component 150 are used together to measure the rotation speed and angular position of the shaft component 200, and can sense each other to output detection signals. The control component 120 is used to connect and control the first measuring component 130 and the third sensing component 150, and read the measurement parameters and measurement results through the control component 120.

[0044] Researchers of this application have found that when certain detection devices detect the vibration of shaft parts 200, it is necessary to make the detection devices and the shaft parts 200 come into contact, resulting in friction on the surface of the shaft parts 200, which will cause damage to the products of the shaft parts 200 and affect the objectivity and accuracy of the detection results. This application adopts non-contact detection to reduce the mutual obstruction and interference between the detection device 100 and the shaft parts 200.

[0045] Furthermore, it also includes a driving motor, which can drive the rotating shaft 111 to rotate. When the rotating shaft 111 rotates, it can drive the shaft component 200 to rotate, so as to detect and measure the vibration of the shaft component 200.

[0046] It should be noted that the reference Figure 1 As shown, the detection device 100 has a first direction. Exemplarily, the first direction is the length direction of the detection device 100, and the first direction is also the axial direction of the rotating shaft 111. It can be understood that the above definition is only for the convenience of understanding the relative position relationship of each part in the detection device 100, and should not be understood as a limitation to the present application.

[0047] The researchers of this application also found that the existing detection device has certain requirements for the rotation rate of the shaft-like component 200. The rotation rate of the shaft-like component 200 cannot be too high, otherwise it will affect and hinder the detection accuracy and sensitivity of the detection device, resulting in deviations in the detection results. There is no restriction or requirement on the rotation speed of the shaft-like component 200, and when the rotation speed of the shaft-like component 200 is too low, the detection time will be too long, affecting the detection efficiency.

[0048] In one embodiment, optionally, reference Figure 2 As shown, when the second sensing element 140 is in the preset sensing area of ​​the third sensing element 150, the third sensing element 150 outputs a detection signal. Since the second sensing element 140 and the third sensing element 150 are connected in a non-contact manner, the second sensing element 140 is driven by the rotating shaft 111 to rotate relative to the second sensing element 140. When the position of the second sensing element 140 is within the preset sensing area of ​​the third sensing element 150, the third sensing element 150 and the second sensing element 140 are inductively connected and can output a detection signal. The control element 120 receives the detection signal and processes the detection signal and converts it into measurement data, thereby achieving the purpose of detecting and measuring the shaft component 200, and will not be affected or disturbed by the rotation speed of the shaft component 200, thereby improving the detection efficiency. Furthermore, the method of outputting the detection signal in the preset sensing area is a non-contact inductive sensing method, which can be a node output signal method, and the second sensing element 140 and the third sensing element 150 can be wirelessly connected.

[0049] It is understandable that the detection signal can be an electrical signal. Of course, the detection signal can also be other signals, for example, the detection signal can be a digital signal or an analog signal. The control element 120 receives the detection signal and can process and analyze the detection signal. The third sensor 150 is connected to the control element 120 via a connecting line. The connecting line is used to transmit signals, and can transmit analog signals or digital transmission signals, which is not limited here.

[0050] Optionally, the detection signal includes a first detection signal and a second detection signal. When the second sensing element 140 gradually approaches the third sensing element 150, the third sensing element 150 outputs the first detection signal; when the second sensing element 140 gradually moves away from the third sensing element 150, the third sensing element 150 outputs the second detection signal. That is, during the rotation of the second sensing element 140 following the rotation of the rotating shaft 111, the position of the third sensing element 150 remains unchanged. In other words, when the second sensing element 140 rotates, the second sensing element 140 approaches the third sensing element 150, and the distance between the second sensing element 140 and the third sensing element 150 becomes smaller. Assume that within the sensing area, the second sensing member 140 and the third sensing member 150 are connected by induction and output a first detection signal; when the second sensing member 140 rotates, the second sensing member 140 moves away from the third sensing member 150, and the distance between the second sensing member 140 and the third sensing member 150 increases. Within the preset sensing area, the second sensing member 140 and the third sensing member 150 are connected by induction and output a second detection signal, so that the detection device 100 can feedback the change of the detection signal, and analyze the vibration of the surface of the shaft component 200 through the first detection signal and the second detection signal, so as to calculate the defect position and vibration angle of the shaft component 200. Exemplarily, the first detection signal is a descending electrical signal, and the second detection signal is an ascending electrical signal.

[0051] In one embodiment, optionally, Figure 1 As shown, the first measuring member 130 can emit collimated measuring light, the optical axis direction of the collimated measuring light is perpendicular to the axis direction of the rotating shaft 111, and the first measuring member 130 is used to detect whether the shaft member 200 will have a jumping phenomenon. When the collimated measuring light generated by the first measuring member 130 is irradiated on a certain point on the surface of the shaft member 200, a measurement value will be output, and the measurement value will be converted into a distance on the control member 120. During the rotation of the shaft member 200, each point on the surface of the mechanical part irradiated by the laser can form a measurement value. The control member 120 counts multiple measurement values ​​and analyzes and determines whether there is jumping according to the standard value. Exemplarily, the first measuring member 130 is a laser measuring device.

[0052] Optionally, the rotating shaft 111 is provided with an angle scale in the circumference thereof. The angle scale is arranged around the rotating shaft 111 and the angle scale is from 0° to 360°. The angle scale is used to display and record the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 111 to facilitate inspection and measurement of the shaft component 200 .

[0053] In summary, the detection device 100 is used to detect and measure the vibration phenomenon of the shaft component 200. The rotating shaft 111 on the base 110 is used to fix and install the shaft component 200 to be detected. The shaft component 200 can rotate through the rotating shaft 111. The first measuring component 130 is used to measure the distance parameter, and the change in the distance parameter is used to determine whether the shaft component 200 has vibration. The second sensing component 140 is installed on the rotating shaft 111. The second sensing component 140 and the third sensing component 150 are used to measure the rotation speed and angular position of the shaft component 200, and can sense each other and output detection signals. The control component 120 is used to connect and control the first measuring component 130 and the third sensing component 150, and the measurement parameters and measurement results are read through the control component 120. Non-contact detection is used to reduce the mutual obstruction and interference between the detection device 100 and the shaft component 200, thereby ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of the detection process.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] refer to Figure 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a detection method, comprising:

[0056] S100: constructing a detection environment for the shaft component 200 so that the shaft component 200 keeps rotating at a constant speed;

[0057] S200: acquiring real-time parameters and preset parameters in the detection environment, wherein the real-time parameters represent real-time measurement parameters of the shaft component 200;

[0058] S300: comparing the real-time parameters with the preset parameters to determine whether the shaft component 200 has a jumping phenomenon;

[0059] S400: If yes, the shaft component 200 has a defect, and the runout angle value of the defect position of the shaft component 200 is determined according to the real-time parameter;

[0060] S500: If not, the shaft component 200 has passed the inspection.

[0061] Specifically, the shaft part 200 is inspected during its rotation so that the rotation rate of the shaft part 200 remains constant. The surface of the shaft part 200 is measured by the first measuring part 130, the second sensing part 140 and the third sensing part 150 to obtain real-time parameters and preset parameters. The preset parameters are standard values ​​for detection, and the real-time parameters are real-time measurement parameters during the detection process of the shaft part 200 by the detection device 100. Whether the shaft part 200 has a jumping phenomenon is determined based on the measurement result of the first measuring part 130. If the shaft part 200 has a jumping phenomenon, the shaft part 200 has a defect. The second sensing part 140 and the third sensing part 150 are used in conjunction to estimate the jumping angle value of the defective position of the shaft part 200, so that personnel can perform subsequent corrections and maintenance on the shaft part 200 based on the jumping angle value. If the shaft part 200 does not have a jumping phenomenon, the shaft part 200 passes the detection and the shaft part 200 passes the detection.

[0062] In this embodiment, the shaft component 200 to be inspected is installed on the rotating shaft 111, so that the first measuring component 130 emits collimated measurement light to vertically illuminate the surface of the shaft component 200 to measure the distance parameters in the real-time parameters. During the rotation of the shaft component 200 on the rotating shaft 111, the second sensing component 140 and the third sensing component 150 obtain the runout angle in the real-time parameters. There is a distance between the second sensing component 140 and the third sensing component 150, which will not affect or hinder the rotating shaft 111 and the shaft component 200.

[0063] In one embodiment, optionally, in the step of determining the runout angle value of the defect position of the shaft component 200 according to the real-time parameters, the real-time parameters include the distance parameter N n and correction angle A, the jitter angle value θ is obtained according to the distance parameter and the correction angle, satisfying: θ=(360 / n*N n -A)% 360°, where n is the number of distance parameters, and accordingly, the distance parameter N is measured by the first measuring element 130. n The correction angle A is obtained by the cooperation of the second sensing element 140 and the third sensing element 150.

[0064] Optionally, the distance parameter N n The difference from the standard distance parameter is not equal to zero, and the distance parameter N nAt least a first distance value N1 and a second distance value N2 are included, wherein the first distance value N1 is smaller than the standard distance parameter, and the second distance value N2 is larger than the standard distance parameter. In other words, the distance parameter N1 of the concave point and the distance parameter N2 of the convex point are obtained by measuring with the first measuring piece 130, the concave point N1 is expressed as the corresponding value of the position point where the distance data is smaller than the standard distance parameter, and the convex point N2 is expressed as the corresponding value of the position point where the distance data is larger than the standard distance parameter.

[0065] Optionally, the first trigger time includes T1, the second trigger time includes T2, and the correction angle A satisfies: A=360 / T2*T1 / 2. Accordingly, during the rotation of the rotating shaft 111, the second sensing element 140 enters the preset sensing area of ​​the third sensing element 150, and the second sensing element 140 and the third sensing element 150 are inductively connected and output a first detection signal. At this time, the timing starts, and the time when the second sensing element 140 leaves the preset sensing area is T1. The rotating shaft 111 continues to rotate, and the time when the second sensing element 140 enters the preset sensing area of ​​the third sensing element 150 again and outputs the first detection signal is T2. The correction angle A is used to correct the zero point angle value to improve the accuracy of the calculation of the beating angle value.

[0066] In one embodiment, optionally, the step of determining whether the shaft component 200 has a jumping phenomenon includes measuring at least the real-time parameters of the opposite ends of the shaft component 200, and the number of the real-time parameters at either end of the shaft component 200 is at least two. Accordingly, the position points at the opposite ends of the shaft component 200 are measured and detected, and the real-time parameters at one end of the shaft component 200 are two. This improves the reliability and accuracy of the detection method, and multiple position points on the shaft component 200 can be selected for measurement to obtain the real-time parameters of the multiple position points, thereby reducing the impact and interference caused by abnormal measurement values, and performing comprehensive analysis and judgment based on the real-time parameters.

[0067] In summary, this measurement method detects the shaft part 200. If the shaft part 200 vibrates, the shaft part 200 is defective, and the vibration angle value of the defective position of the shaft part 200 can be estimated, which is convenient for personnel to perform subsequent corrections and maintenance based on the vibration angle value.

[0068] In all examples shown and described herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limiting, and thus other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0069] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft parts detection device, characterized in that: include: A base, wherein the base is provided with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the base, and the rotating shaft can be provided with a shaft-like component so that the shaft-like component can rotate relative to the base; Controls; A first measuring member, wherein the first measuring member is connected to the control member and is arranged opposite to the shaft member; A second induction member, wherein the second induction member is disposed on the rotating shaft; The third sensor is connected to the control element and is arranged opposite to the rotating shaft. When the third sensor detects the second sensing element, the third sensor can output a detection signal.

2. The detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the second sensing element is in a preset sensing area of ​​the third sensing element, the third sensing element outputs a detection signal.

3. The detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detection signal includes a first detection signal and a second detection signal. When the second sensing element gradually approaches the third sensing element, the third sensing element outputs the first detection signal; when the second sensing element gradually moves away from the third sensing element, the third sensing element outputs the second detection signal.

4. The detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first measuring member can emit collimated measuring light, and the optical axis direction of the collimated measuring light is perpendicular to the axial direction of the rotating shaft.

5. The detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Angle scales are arranged on the circumference of the rotating shaft.

6. A detection method, characterized in that: include: Construct a detection environment for shaft parts to keep them rotating at a constant speed; Acquiring real-time parameters and preset parameters in the detection environment, wherein the real-time parameters represent real-time measurement parameters of the shaft component; Compare the real-time parameters with the preset parameters to determine whether the shaft component has a jumping phenomenon; If yes, the shaft component has a defect, and the runout angle value of the defective position of the shaft component is determined according to the real-time parameters; If not, the shaft parts inspection is qualified.

7. The detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of determining the runout angle value of the defect position of the shaft component according to the real-time parameter includes: The real-time parameters include a distance parameter N n and correction angle A, the jitter angle value θ is obtained according to the distance parameter and the correction angle, satisfying: θ=(360 / n*N n -A)% 360°, where n is the number of distance parameters.

8. The detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The distance parameter N n The difference from the standard distance parameter is not equal to zero, and the distance parameter N n At least includes a first distance value N1 and a second distance value N2, wherein the first distance value N1 is smaller than the standard distance parameter, and the second distance value N2 is larger than the standard distance parameter.

9. The detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first trigger time includes T1, the second trigger time includes T2, and the correction angle A satisfies: A=360 / T2*T1 / 2.

10. The detection method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that: The step of determining whether the shaft component has a jumping phenomenon includes: At least the real-time parameters at two opposite ends of the shaft-like component are measured, and the number of the real-time parameters at any end of the shaft-like component is at least two.

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