Fuel cell operating system, method and related apparatus

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell working system, a fuel cell working method and related equipment, relates to the field of fuel cells, and mainly aims to solve the problem that a better cooling method for a fuel cell is still lacked at present. The system comprises a liquid hydrogen gasifier which comprises a liquid hydrogen side flow channel and a carbon dioxide working medium flow channel; an inlet of the liquid hydrogen side flow channel is connected to an outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and an outlet of the liquid hydrogen side flow channel is connected to an inlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger; and an inlet of the carbon dioxide working medium flow channel is connected to an outlet of the carbon dioxide expansion machine, and an outlet of the carbon dioxide working medium flow channel is connected to an inlet of the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank. The invention is used in the fuel cell working process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fuel cells, and in particular to a fuel cell operating system, method and related equipment. Background Art

[0002] Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have the characteristics of low operating temperature, fast start-up, high power generation efficiency, and no pollution, and are widely used in the field of new energy vehicles. The hydrogen storage system currently used is generally gaseous hydrogen with low hydrogen storage density. In order to meet the requirements of long driving range, multiple high-pressure hydrogen tanks need to be used in parallel. Liquid hydrogen technology has the advantages of high hydrogen storage density and easy storage and transportation, and is the development trend of future vehicle-mounted hydrogen technology. Liquid hydrogen needs to be gasified before entering the fuel cell stack and converted into gaseous hydrogen. At present, natural convection type gasifiers are widely used for liquid hydrogen gasification, resulting in the waste of this part of cold energy. On the other hand, the thermal management system of the fuel cell system uses water as the stack cooling medium, and a cooling fan needs to be installed to dissipate the heat absorbed by the cooling water into the atmosphere. The fan power consumption of the high-power fuel cell system is relatively high, which can account for about 10% of the total output power of the system. The development of a new stack cooling system is an important means to improve the performance of the high-power fuel cell system. Therefore, there is still a lack of a better cooling method for fuel cells. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a fuel cell operating system, method and related equipment, the main purpose of which is to solve the problem that there is still a lack of a better cooling method for fuel cells.

[0004] In order to solve at least one of the above technical problems, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a fuel cell operating system, the system comprising:

[0005] A liquid hydrogen gasifier, comprising a liquid hydrogen side flow channel and a carbon dioxide working medium flow channel;

[0006] A liquid hydrogen side flow channel, wherein the inlet of the liquid hydrogen side flow channel is connected to the outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the outlet of the liquid hydrogen side flow channel is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger;

[0007] A carbon dioxide working medium flow channel, wherein the inlet of the carbon dioxide working medium flow channel is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide expander, and the outlet of the carbon dioxide working medium flow channel is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank.

[0008] Optionally, the above system further includes:

[0009] A carbon dioxide delivery pump, wherein the inlet of the carbon dioxide delivery pump is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide storage tank, and the outlet of the carbon dioxide delivery pump is connected to the inlet of the three-way valve.

[0010] Optionally, the above system further includes:

[0011] an intercooler, the intercooler being connected to the outlet of the three-way valve,

[0012] The intercooler is a partition type heat exchanger.

[0013] The partition-type heat exchanger is divided into an air side and a carbon dioxide working medium side based on a heat transfer wall surface.

[0014] Optionally, the above system further includes:

[0015] The inlet of the carbon dioxide expander is connected to the outlet of the intercooler and the outlet of the fuel cell stack;

[0016] The outlet of the carbon dioxide expander is connected to a generator and a liquid hydrogen gasifier.

[0017] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a fuel cell operation, including:

[0018] Control the liquid hydrogen vaporizer to obtain high-pressure and low-temperature liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank based on the liquid hydrogen side flow channel;

[0019] Converting the high-pressure and low-temperature liquid hydrogen into high-pressure hydrogen gas based on the liquid hydrogen gasifier;

[0020] transmitting the high pressure hydrogen to a hydrogen heat exchanger;

[0021] The carbon dioxide liquid storage tank is controlled to obtain the gaseous carbon dioxide discharged from the liquid hydrogen gasifier, wherein the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank is used to convert the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide.

[0022] Optionally, the above method further includes:

[0023] The liquid carbon dioxide is outputted based on a carbon dioxide delivery pump.

[0024] Optionally, the above method further includes:

[0025] Controlling the intercooler and the fuel cell stack to obtain the liquid carbon dioxide output by the carbon dioxide delivery pump;

[0026] The liquid carbon dioxide is converted into gaseous carbon dioxide.

[0027] Optionally, the above method further includes:

[0028] Controlling a carbon dioxide expander to obtain gaseous carbon dioxide exhausted by the intercooler and the fuel cell stack;

[0029] The carbon dioxide expander drives a generator to generate electricity.

[0030] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a fuel cell operating device, comprising:

[0031] A control unit, used for controlling the liquid hydrogen vaporizer to obtain high-pressure and low-temperature liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank based on the liquid hydrogen side flow channel;

[0032] A conversion unit, used for converting the high-pressure and low-temperature liquid hydrogen into high-pressure hydrogen gas based on the liquid hydrogen gasifier;

[0033] A transmission unit, used for transmitting the high-pressure hydrogen to a hydrogen heat exchanger;

[0034] The acquisition unit is used to control the carbon dioxide storage tank to acquire the gaseous carbon dioxide discharged by the liquid hydrogen gasifier, wherein the carbon dioxide storage tank is used to convert the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide.

[0035] In order to achieve the above object, according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above fuel cell operating method are implemented.

[0036] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory connected to the processor; wherein the processor is used to call program instructions in the memory to execute the steps of the above-mentioned fuel cell operating method.

[0037] By means of the above technical scheme, the fuel cell working system, method and related equipment provided by the present invention solve the problem that there is still a lack of a better cooling method for fuel cells. The present invention includes a liquid hydrogen side flow channel and a carbon dioxide working medium flow channel through a liquid hydrogen gasifier; the liquid hydrogen side flow channel, the inlet of the liquid hydrogen side flow channel is connected to the outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the outlet of the liquid hydrogen side flow channel is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger; the carbon dioxide working medium flow channel, the inlet of the carbon dioxide working medium flow channel is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide expander, and the outlet of the carbon dioxide working medium flow channel is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide storage tank. In the above scheme, a carbon dioxide working medium fuel cell cooling system coupled with liquid hydrogen cold energy utilization is proposed, and the cold energy of liquid hydrogen is used as a heat sink for cooling the working medium of the fuel cell thermal management system, and the heat dissipation fan of the traditional thermal management system can be removed to reduce the parasitic power of the fuel cell system. Liquid hydrogen and carbon dioxide working medium exchange heat, and liquid hydrogen is converted into gaseous hydrogen, which can be supplied to the hydrogen side of the fuel cell. The carbon dioxide working medium absorbs the cold energy of liquid hydrogen and is converted into liquid, realizing the recovery of cold energy.

[0038] Correspondingly, the fuel cell working device, equipment and computer-readable storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present invention also have the above-mentioned technical effects.

[0039] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Moreover, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0041] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the composition of a fuel cell working system provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of a fuel cell operating method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0043] Figure 3 A schematic block diagram of the composition of a fuel cell operating device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0044] Figure 4 A schematic block diagram of the composition of a fuel cell working electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0045] Among them, there are liquid hydrogen storage tank 1; liquid hydrogen vaporizer 2; hydrogen heat exchanger 3; hydrogen inlet valve 4; hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 5; hydrogen injector 6; hydrogen inlet pressure sensor 7; hydrogen outlet pressure sensor 8; anode gas-water separator 9; hydrogen circulation pump 10; drain valve 11; tail exhaust 12; air filter 13; air flow meter 14; air compressor 15; intercooler 16; humidifier 17; inlet stop valve 18; air inlet temperature and pressure sensor 19; air outlet pressure sensor 20; outlet stop valve 21; back pressure valve 22; fuel cell 23; carbon dioxide storage tank 24; carbon dioxide delivery pump 25; three-way valve 26; heater 27; switch valve 28; carbon dioxide expander 29; generator 30. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to enable the scope of the present invention to be fully communicated to those skilled in the art.

[0047] In order to solve the problem that there is still a lack of a better cooling method for fuel cells, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell working system, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes:

[0048] The liquid hydrogen gasifier 2 includes a liquid hydrogen side flow channel and a carbon dioxide working fluid flow channel; the liquid hydrogen side flow channel, the inlet of the liquid hydrogen side flow channel is connected to the outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the outlet of the liquid hydrogen side flow channel is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger 3; the carbon dioxide working fluid flow channel, the inlet of the carbon dioxide working fluid flow channel is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide expander 29, and the outlet of the carbon dioxide working fluid flow channel is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide storage tank 24.

[0049] Exemplarily, the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 2 is a partition-type heat exchanger, in which the fluid on one side of the heat transfer wall is liquid hydrogen, and the fluid on the other side is carbon dioxide working fluid. The inlet of the liquid hydrogen side flow channel is connected to the outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the outlet of the liquid hydrogen side flow channel is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger 3. The temperature of liquid hydrogen at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 2 is -253°C, and the temperature at the outlet rises to 20°C. The inlet of the carbon dioxide working fluid flow channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 2 is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide expander 29, and the outlet of the carbon dioxide working fluid flow channel is connected to the inlet of the liquid storage tank. The inlet pressure and temperature of the carbon dioxide working fluid are 6.4MPa and 64.4°C (gaseous), respectively. The pressure at the outlet of the carbon dioxide working fluid remains basically unchanged, the temperature is reduced to 5°C, and it is converted into liquid.

[0050] It should be noted that the carbon dioxide expander 29 may be a volumetric expander (piston expander, screw expander, scroll expander) or a turbine expander (radial flow turbine, axial flow turbine).

[0051] In the above process, liquid hydrogen and carbon dioxide working fluid exchange heat, and liquid hydrogen is converted into gaseous hydrogen, which can be supplied to the hydrogen side of the fuel cell. The carbon dioxide working fluid absorbs the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen and turns into liquid, thereby realizing the recovery of cold energy.

[0052] In one embodiment, the system further comprises:

[0053] A carbon dioxide delivery pump 25 , wherein the inlet of the carbon dioxide delivery pump 25 is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide storage tank 24 , and the outlet of the carbon dioxide delivery pump 25 is connected to the inlet of the three-way valve 26 .

[0054] Exemplarily, the outlet of the carbon dioxide delivery pump 25 is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide storage tank 24, and the outlet of the carbon dioxide delivery pump 25 is connected to the inlet of the three-way valve 26. After the pressurization of the carbon dioxide delivery pump 25, the outlet pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide working medium increases to 10 MPa and the temperature increases to 7.5° C., in preparation for subsequent expansion work.

[0055] In one embodiment, the system further comprises:

[0056] The intercooler 16 is connected to the outlet of the three-way valve 26.

[0057] The intercooler 16 is a partition type heat exchanger.

[0058] The partition-type heat exchanger is divided into an air side and a carbon dioxide working medium side based on a heat transfer wall surface.

[0059] Exemplarily, the intercooler 16 is a partition-type heat exchanger, the fluid on one side of the heat transfer wall is high-temperature air, and the fluid on the other side is carbon dioxide. The air temperature at the air side inlet of the intercooler 16 is 163°C, and the air temperature at the air side outlet is 80°C. The carbon dioxide at the carbon dioxide working medium side inlet of the intercooler 16 is liquid (temperature 7.5°C), and the carbon dioxide at the outlet is gaseous (temperature 90°C).

[0060] A large amount of heat is generated inside the fuel cell stack 23 due to the electrochemical reaction. The inlet and outlet parameters of the carbon dioxide working medium are consistent with those inside the intercooler 16. The inlet carbon dioxide is liquid (temperature 7.5°C) and the outlet carbon dioxide is gaseous (temperature 90°C).

[0061] In the above process, the waste heat of the air in the intercooler 16 and the waste heat of the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack 23 are transferred to the carbon dioxide working medium, the temperature of the carbon dioxide working medium increases, and it changes from liquid to gas, thereby realizing the recovery of waste heat.

[0062] In one embodiment, the system further comprises:

[0063] The inlet of the carbon dioxide expander 29 is connected to the outlet of the intercooler 16 and the outlet of the fuel cell stack 23;

[0064] The outlet of the carbon dioxide expander 29 is connected to the generator 30 and the liquid hydrogen gasifier 2 .

[0065] Exemplarily, the carbon dioxide expander 29 can be a piston expander or a turbine expander. The temperature of the carbon dioxide working fluid discharged from the intercooler 16 and the fuel cell stack 23 is 90°C and the pressure is 10MPa. The carbon dioxide working fluid undergoes adiabatic expansion in the carbon dioxide expander 29, and the internal energy is converted into mechanical energy, which drives the generator 30 to rotate and output electrical energy. At the same time, the pressure and temperature of the carbon dioxide working fluid at the outlet are greatly reduced (6.4MPa, 64.4°C), and the carbon dioxide working fluid at the outlet of the carbon dioxide expander 29 will re-enter the liquid hydrogen gasifier 2. During the expansion work process, the internal energy of the carbon dioxide working fluid is finally converted into electrical energy.

[0066] In summary, the carbon dioxide working medium circulation loop system can be used for gasification of liquid hydrogen and cooling of the fuel cell stack 23 at the same time, and output electrical energy to the outside. The cold energy of liquid hydrogen can be absorbed in the liquid hydrogen gasifier 2, and the heat can be absorbed in the fuel cell stack 23. The carbon dioxide delivery pump 25 provides working medium circulation power, and the carbon dioxide expander 29 and the generator 30 convert the energy of the high-pressure gaseous working medium into electrical energy.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following circuits:

[0068] Hydrogen supply circuit: The high-pressure and low-temperature liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 enters the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 2, and after heat exchange with gaseous carbon dioxide, the liquid hydrogen absorbs heat and undergoes phase change to convert into high-pressure hydrogen. The high-pressure hydrogen inlet valve 4 controls the supply of hydrogen, and the hydrogen injector 6 controls the flow of hydrogen entering the anode of the fuel cell stack 23. The unreacted hydrogen and anode liquid water are discharged from the anode outlet of the stack 23 and enter the anode gas-water separator 9. The separated hydrogen is re-delivered to the anode of the stack 23 by the hydrogen circulation pump 10, and the separated liquid water enters the tail drain 12 after passing through the drain valve 11 and is discharged from the system.

[0069] Air supply circuit: After passing through the air filter 13 and the air flow meter 14, the ambient air is pressurized by the air compressor 15 and enters the intercooler 16. After heat exchange with liquid carbon dioxide, the cooled air enters the dry side channel of the humidifier 17, absorbs the water transferred by the wet air at the cathode outlet of the stack 23, and then flows through the stack inlet stop valve 18, enters the stack 23 and undergoes an electrochemical reaction. The liquid water generated by the internal reaction of the stack 23 and the unreacted air are discharged from the cathode outlet of the stack 23, enter the wet side channel of the humidifier 17, flow through the back pressure valve 22 after water transfer, and finally enter the tail exhaust 12 and are discharged from the system.

[0070] Carbon dioxide working medium circulation loop: The carbon dioxide storage tank 24 stores liquid carbon dioxide working medium (pressure 9-11 MPa, temperature 2-6°C), and the carbon dioxide delivery pump 25 plays the role of pressurization and delivery of working medium. When the fuel cell stack 23 is working in a steady state, by adjusting the valve core position of the three-way valve 26, the passage at the inlet of the PTC heater 27 is completely closed, and a part of the liquid carbon dioxide working medium flows to the intercooler 16 to exchange heat with the high-temperature air in the air supply circuit, and the other part of the liquid carbon dioxide working medium flows to the cooling flow channel inlet of the fuel cell stack 23 to absorb a large amount of heat generated by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell. After absorbing heat inside the intercooler 16 and the fuel cell stack 23, the liquid carbon dioxide undergoes a phase change and turns into gaseous carbon dioxide. The two gases merge and then enter the carbon dioxide expander 29. The expansion work drives the turbine impeller to rotate, and the rotor of the coaxially connected generator 30 rotates to cut the stator magnetic field to generate electricity. The expanded low-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide enters the liquid hydrogen gasifier 2, and after releasing heat, the phase changes and becomes liquid, and flows into the carbon dioxide storage tank 24.

[0071] Based on the above scheme, when the fuel cell stack 23 needs to be started and the ambient temperature is low (<0°C), the valve core position of the three-way valve 26 is adjusted, and the passage at the inlet of the heater 27 is fully opened to allow all the liquid carbon dioxide working medium to flow into the heater 27, and the heater 27 is turned on to heat the liquid carbon dioxide working medium, so that the low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide working medium undergoes a phase change and is converted into high-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide. At the same time, the switch valve 28 is closed, and all the high-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide flows into the cooling flow channel inlet of the fuel cell stack 23. The high-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide transfers heat to the fuel cell stack 23, thereby ensuring that the fuel cell stack 23 can be started quickly.

[0072] Based on the above fuel cell working system, a closed carbon dioxide working medium circulation system is adopted, and the cold energy of liquid hydrogen and the waste heat of the stack 23 are used to generate electricity, which can increase the output power of the fuel cell system; the above system can replace the traditional thermal management system with water as the medium, take out the reaction heat of the stack 23, and provide a suitable working temperature for the fuel cell. Using liquid hydrogen as the cold source of the system, there is no need to use the huge cooling fan of the traditional water thermal management. It is estimated that the 300kW system can reduce the power consumption of accessories by about 30kW; and because the circulating working medium is carbon dioxide, the operating pressure is high, the parts structure is compact, and the installation space is saved, which is conducive to improving the power density of the fuel cell system.

[0073] A fuel cell operation method is also provided. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes:

[0074] Control the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 2 to obtain high-pressure and low-temperature liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 based on the liquid hydrogen side flow channel; convert the high-pressure and low-temperature liquid hydrogen into high-pressure hydrogen based on the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 2; transmit the high-pressure hydrogen to the hydrogen heat exchanger 3; control the carbon dioxide storage tank 24 to obtain the gaseous carbon dioxide discharged from the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 2, wherein the carbon dioxide storage tank is used to convert the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide.

[0075] Exemplarily, the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 2 is a partition-type heat exchanger, in which the fluid on one side of the heat transfer wall is liquid hydrogen, and the fluid on the other side is carbon dioxide working fluid. The inlet of the liquid hydrogen side flow channel is connected to the outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the outlet of the liquid hydrogen side flow channel is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger 3. The temperature of liquid hydrogen at the inlet of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 2 is -253°C, and the temperature at the outlet rises to 20°C. The inlet of the carbon dioxide working fluid flow channel of the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 2 is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide expander 29, and the outlet of the carbon dioxide working fluid flow channel is connected to the inlet of the liquid storage tank. The inlet pressure and temperature of the carbon dioxide working fluid are 6.4MPa and 64.4°C (gaseous), respectively. The pressure at the outlet of the carbon dioxide working fluid remains basically unchanged, the temperature is reduced to 5°C, and it is converted into liquid.

[0076] In the above process, liquid hydrogen and carbon dioxide working fluid exchange heat, and liquid hydrogen is converted into gaseous hydrogen, which can be supplied to the hydrogen side of the fuel cell. The carbon dioxide working fluid absorbs the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen and turns into liquid, thereby realizing the recovery of cold energy.

[0077] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0078] The liquid carbon dioxide is outputted based on the carbon dioxide delivery pump 25 .

[0079] Exemplarily, the outlet of the carbon dioxide delivery pump 25 is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide storage tank 24, and the outlet of the carbon dioxide delivery pump 25 is connected to the inlet of the three-way valve 26. After the pressurization of the carbon dioxide delivery pump 25, the outlet pressure of the liquid carbon dioxide working medium increases to 10 MPa and the temperature increases to 7.5° C., in preparation for subsequent expansion work.

[0080] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0081] Controlling the intercooler 16 and the fuel cell stack 23 to obtain the liquid carbon dioxide output by the carbon dioxide delivery pump 25;

[0082] The liquid carbon dioxide is converted into gaseous carbon dioxide.

[0083] Exemplarily, the intercooler 16 is a partition-type heat exchanger, the fluid on one side of the heat transfer wall is high-temperature air, and the fluid on the other side is carbon dioxide. The air temperature at the air side inlet of the intercooler 16 is 163°C, and the air temperature at the air side outlet is 80°C. The carbon dioxide at the carbon dioxide working medium side inlet of the intercooler 16 is liquid (temperature 7.5°C), and the carbon dioxide at the outlet is gaseous (temperature 90°C).

[0084] A large amount of heat is generated inside the fuel cell stack 23 due to the electrochemical reaction. The inlet and outlet parameters of the carbon dioxide working medium are consistent with those inside the intercooler 16. The inlet carbon dioxide is liquid (temperature 7.5°C) and the outlet carbon dioxide is gaseous (temperature 90°C).

[0085] In the above process, the waste heat of the air in the intercooler 16 and the waste heat of the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack 23 are transferred to the carbon dioxide working medium, the temperature of the carbon dioxide working medium increases, and it changes from liquid to gas, thereby realizing the recovery of waste heat.

[0086] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0087] Controlling the carbon dioxide expander 29 to obtain the gaseous carbon dioxide exhausted by the intercooler 16 and the fuel cell stack 23;

[0088] The carbon dioxide expander 29 drives the generator 30 to generate electricity.

[0089] Exemplarily, the carbon dioxide expander 29 can be a piston expander or a turbine expander. The temperature of the carbon dioxide working fluid discharged from the intercooler 16 and the fuel cell stack 23 is 90°C and the pressure is 10MPa. The carbon dioxide working fluid undergoes adiabatic expansion in the carbon dioxide expander 29, and the internal energy is converted into mechanical energy, which drives the generator 30 to rotate and output electrical energy. At the same time, the pressure and temperature of the carbon dioxide working fluid at the outlet are greatly reduced (6.4MPa, 64.4°C), and the carbon dioxide working fluid at the outlet of the carbon dioxide expander 29 will re-enter the liquid hydrogen gasifier 2. During the expansion work process, the internal energy of the carbon dioxide working fluid is finally converted into electrical energy.

[0090] In summary, after the above four processes, the carbon dioxide working fluid completes a complete Rankine cycle, in which the cold source comes from the cold energy of liquid hydrogen, and the heat source comes from the waste heat of the intercooler 16 and the fuel cell stack 23. Thereby realizing the comprehensive utilization of cold energy and waste heat of the liquid hydrogen fuel cell system, and outputting electrical energy, increasing the output power of the fuel cell system. It can replace the traditional water thermal management system. Because carbon dioxide operates near the critical point (31.1°C, pressure 7.38MPa), it has the special physical properties of low gas viscosity and high liquid density, and has typical advantages such as good fluidity, high heat transfer efficiency, and compressibility, which makes the components small in size and suitable for vehicle-mounted scenarios.

[0091] Furthermore, as a response to the above Figure 2 In order to realize the method shown in the figure, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a fuel cell working device for Figure 2 The device embodiment corresponds to the aforementioned method embodiment. For ease of reading, this device embodiment will not repeat the details of the aforementioned method embodiment one by one, but it should be clear that the device in this embodiment can correspond to all the contents of the aforementioned method embodiment. Figure 3 As shown, the device includes: a control unit 21, a conversion unit 22, a transmission unit 23 and an acquisition unit 24, wherein

[0092] A control unit 21, used for controlling the liquid hydrogen vaporizer 2 to obtain high-pressure and low-temperature liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 based on the liquid hydrogen side flow channel;

[0093] A conversion unit 22, used for converting the high-pressure and low-temperature liquid hydrogen into high-pressure hydrogen based on the liquid hydrogen gasifier 2;

[0094] A transmission unit 23, used for transmitting the high-pressure hydrogen to the hydrogen heat exchanger 3;

[0095] The acquisition unit 24 is used to control the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank 24 to acquire the gaseous carbon dioxide discharged from the liquid hydrogen gasifier 2, wherein the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank is used to convert the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide.

[0096] The processor includes a kernel, which retrieves the corresponding program unit from the memory. One or more kernels can be set, and a fuel cell working method can be implemented by adjusting kernel parameters, which can solve the problem that there is still a lack of a better cooling method for fuel cells.

[0097] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, and when the program is executed by a processor, the fuel cell operating method is implemented.

[0098] An embodiment of the present invention provides a processor, which is used to run a program, wherein the fuel cell operating method is executed when the program is run.

[0099] An embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising at least one processor and at least one memory connected to the processor; wherein the processor is used to call program instructions in the memory to execute the fuel cell working method as described above

[0100] An embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device 30, such as Figure 4As shown, the electronic device includes at least one processor 301, and at least one memory 302 and a bus 303 connected to the processor; wherein the processor 301 and the memory 302 communicate with each other via the bus 303; the processor 301 is used to call the program instructions in the memory to execute the above-mentioned fuel cell working method.

[0101] The intelligent electronic devices in this article can be PCs, PADs, mobile phones, etc.

[0102] The present application also provides a computer program product, which, when executed on a process management electronic device, is suitable for executing a program that initializes the steps of the above-mentioned fuel cell working method.

[0103] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0104] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that include computer-usable program code.

[0105] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded computer, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0106] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0107] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0108] The present application also provides a computer program product, which includes computer software instructions. When the computer software instructions are executed on a processing device, the processing device is caused to execute the following Figure 1 This corresponds to the flow of control of the memory in the embodiment.

[0109] The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the process or function according to the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from a website site, a computer, a server or a data center by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (digital subscriber line, DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode to another website site, computer, server or data center. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can store or a data storage device such as a server or a data center that includes one or more available media integration. The available medium can be a magnetic medium, (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid state drive (SSD)), etc.

[0110] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0111] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0112] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0113] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0114] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0115] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell operating system, It is characterized in that include: A liquid hydrogen gasifier, comprising a liquid hydrogen side flow channel and a carbon dioxide working medium flow channel; A liquid hydrogen side flow channel, wherein the inlet of the liquid hydrogen side flow channel is connected to the outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the outlet of the liquid hydrogen side flow channel is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger; A carbon dioxide working medium flow channel, wherein the inlet of the carbon dioxide working medium flow channel is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide expander, and the outlet of the carbon dioxide working medium flow channel is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank.

2. The system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Also includes: A carbon dioxide delivery pump, wherein the inlet of the carbon dioxide delivery pump is connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide storage tank, and the outlet of the carbon dioxide delivery pump is connected to the inlet of the three-way valve.

3. The system according to claim 2, It is characterized in that Also includes: an intercooler, the intercooler being connected to the outlet of the three-way valve, The intercooler is a partition type heat exchanger. The partition-type heat exchanger is divided into an air side and a carbon dioxide working medium side based on a heat transfer wall surface.

4. The system according to claim 3, It is characterized in that Also includes: The inlet of the carbon dioxide expander is connected to the outlet of the intercooler and the outlet of the fuel cell stack; The outlet of the carbon dioxide expander is connected to a generator and a liquid hydrogen gasifier.

5. A fuel cell operating method, used in the fuel cell operating system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, It is characterized in that include Control the liquid hydrogen vaporizer to obtain high-pressure and low-temperature liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen storage tank based on the liquid hydrogen side flow channel; Converting the high-pressure and low-temperature liquid hydrogen into high-pressure hydrogen gas based on the liquid hydrogen gasifier; transmitting the high pressure hydrogen to a hydrogen heat exchanger; The carbon dioxide liquid storage tank is controlled to obtain the gaseous carbon dioxide discharged from the liquid hydrogen gasifier, wherein the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank is used to convert the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide.

6. The method according to claim 5, It is characterized in that Also includes: The liquid carbon dioxide is outputted based on a carbon dioxide delivery pump.

7. The method according to claim 6, It is characterized in that Also includes: Controlling the intercooler and the fuel cell stack to obtain the liquid carbon dioxide output by the carbon dioxide delivery pump; The liquid carbon dioxide is converted into gaseous carbon dioxide.

8. The method according to claim 7, It is characterized in that Also includes: Controlling a carbon dioxide expander to obtain gaseous carbon dioxide exhausted by the intercooler and the fuel cell stack; The carbon dioxide expander drives a generator to generate electricity.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, It is characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program is executed by a processor, the steps of the fuel cell operating method according to any one of claims 5 to 8 are implemented.

10. An electronic device, It is characterized in that The electronic device includes at least one processor and at least one memory connected to the processor; wherein the processor is used to call program instructions in the memory to execute the steps of the fuel cell operating method as described in any one of claims 5 to 8.

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