Waveguide type four-path dual-polarization power division network

Abstract

The invention relates to a waveguide type four-path dual-polarization power division network, which comprises an input square waveguide, a power division matching network and an output square waveguide which are connected in sequence, wherein the output square waveguide comprises four square waveguides with the same size; the central axis of the power division matching network coincides with the central axis of the input square waveguide. The central axis of the output square waveguide coincides with the central axis of the input square waveguide. The waveguide type four-path dual-polarization power division network has the advantages of being wide in broadband, small in insertion loss, simple in structure and easy to machine and assemble. And an all-metal waveguide structure is adopted, so that high power can be borne. The device has high practicability and wide market application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network design method, belonging to the technical field of antennas. Background Art

[0002] Antennas serve as windows for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves in wireless communication systems. They are used to realize the mutual conversion between free-space beams and modes in waveguide structures. The quality of their performance has an important impact on the communication effect of the entire system. The power division network is a key component that connects antenna units to form an array. Its performance directly determines the transmit and receive effect of the antenna array. A high-power, low-loss, compact power division network can significantly improve the performance of the entire antenna array. At the same time, compared to single polarization, the power division network has dual-polarization output capability. In combination with dual-polarization antennas, it can significantly improve the communication capacity of the communication system and realize the simultaneous transmit and receive functions, greatly improving the flexibility of the system.

[0003] In the existing power division network design, in order to achieve dual-polarization power division, two sets of networks are often used to realize two polarization transmissions respectively. The titled "A dual-polarization broadband flat-panel array antenna feeding network" designed a dual-polarization network using components such as ET and HT power dividers, and the titled "Research and Design of Ku-band Broadband Dual-Polarization Flat-Plate Array Antenna" designed a one-to-four waveguide power division network, which was implemented using two-stage three ETs and orthogonal mode couplers. The literature "Stoumpos, C.; Fraysse, J.-P.; Tubau, S.; Goussetis, G.; Sauleau, R.; Legay, H. "A Compact and Broadband Four-Way Dual Polarization Waveguide Power Divider for Antenna Arrays" and the patent "Power divider for an antenna comprising four identical orthomode transducers" propose a dual-polarization four-way power divider synthesis network. The design uses four orthogonal mode couplers, four E-plane power dividers and two H-plane power divider synthesis networks, and the structure is compact. Because it involves many components, its processing and assembly are complicated. The literature "Novel Broadband Dual-Polarization Four-way Power Divider for Waveguide Array Antennas" and the patent "A broadband four-way dual circularly polarized power divider for waveguide array antennas (CN202211056828.X)" mentioned a one-to-four dual-polarization power divider network with a waveguide structure, whose matching section adopts structures such as multi-level cross-junction waveguide and stepped cross-coaxial waveguide, including multiple mode conversions. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a novel four-way dual-polarization power division network with a full-waveguide structure to solve the problems of narrow bandwidth, complex structure and different amplitudes and phases of output ports of the existing four-way dual-polarization power division network.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network, comprising an input square waveguide, a power division matching network, and an output square waveguide connected in sequence; wherein the output square waveguide comprises four square waveguides of exactly the same size; the central axis of the power division matching network coincides with the central axis of the input square waveguide; the central axis of the output square waveguide coincides with the central axis of the input square waveguide;

[0006] The input square waveguide is an input port, and inputs orthogonal dual linear polarization fundamental mode or orthogonal dual circular polarization wave; when the input linear polarization TE10 Die or TE 01 When the linear polarization wave passes through the power division matching network, it is divided into four equal-amplitude and same-phase linear polarization waves TE 10 Die or TE 01 mode, and output through four square waveguides of exactly the same size; the orthogonal circularly polarized beams are composed of orthogonal linearly polarized TE 10 and TE 01 The module is composed of four orthogonal circularly polarized wave signals. When an orthogonal circularly polarized beam is input, the orthogonal circularly polarized wave is divided into four equal-amplitude and in-phase orthogonal circularly polarized wave signals after passing through the power division and matching network, and is output by four completely identical square waveguides.

[0007] The power division matching network is composed of a rectangular parallelepiped with square upper and lower surfaces and a conical hexahedron with square upper and lower surfaces, and the central axes of the rectangular parallelepiped and the conical hexahedron coincide.

[0008] Four first step matching sections with the same structure are installed in the conical hexahedron cavity facing the connection end of the conical hexahedron and the input square waveguide; the four first step matching sections are symmetrically distributed in four quadrants with the central axis of the input square waveguide as the axis, and each first step matching section includes multiple steps with gradually varying sizes, and the central axes of each step coincide, so as to achieve power division and matching.

[0009] Second ridges are added on the central axes of the four side surfaces of the conical hexahedron, and the sizes of the four second ridges are exactly the same, so as to improve matching.

[0010] A second step matching section is installed in the rectangular parallelepiped cavity facing the connecting end of the rectangular parallelepiped and the output square waveguide; the central axis of the second step matching section coincides with the central axis of the input square waveguide; the second step matching section includes multiple steps with gradually changing sizes, and the central axes of each step coincide. According to matching requirements, the step matching section extends into the conical hexahedral cavity to improve the orthogonal polarization isolation performance.

[0011] The four sides of the cuboid all have first ridges of the same size, and the midline of the first ridge coincides with the midline of the side of the cuboid; the first ridge and the second ridge work together to improve the power division matching performance of the power division matching network.

[0012] The output square waveguide includes four square waveguides of the same size, and the four output square waveguides are symmetrically distributed in four quadrants with the central axis of the input square waveguide as the axis; the four square waveguides correspond one-to-one to the four first step matching sections, and the central axis of each output square waveguide coincides with the central axis of the corresponding step matching section; the output square waveguide is used to output four signals with equal amplitudes and the same phases.

[0013] The side length of the square on the lower surface of the conical hexahedron is smaller than the side length of the square on the upper surface of the conical hexahedron, and larger than the side length of the input square waveguide; the side length of the square on the upper surface of the conical hexahedron is smaller than or equal to the side length of the square on the upper surface of the cuboid.

[0014] The first step matching section and the second step matching section are both cylindrical or square multi-step structures.

[0015] The side length of the output square waveguide is less than or equal to the side length of the input square waveguide, and the spacing between the outer sides of the output square waveguide is less than the side length of the square on the upper surface of the power division matching network.

[0016] The heights of the four first ridges on the side of the cuboid are consistent with the height of the cuboid; the shape of the first ridges is a cuboid, and the width of the first ridges is smaller than the spacing of the inner side surfaces of the output square waveguide.

[0017] The height of the four second ridges on the side of the conical hexahedron is not greater than the height of the conical hexahedron, the shape of the second ridge is a triangular prism, and the width of the second ridge is less than the spacing of the inner side surfaces of the output square waveguide.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

[0019] (1) The waveguide-type four-way dual-polarization power splitter network of the present invention is designed based on an axisymmetric structure, and introduces two types of matching steps and ridges to improve port matching and output port isolation. It can generate four equal-amplitude and in-phase signals within a relative bandwidth of more than 22%, and can transmit dual linear polarization and dual circular polarization beams. The overall structure of the power splitter network is compact and the transmission loss is small.

[0020] (2) The waveguide-type four-way dual-polarization power splitter network of the present invention has a simple structure, does not have a complicated waveguide structure, and can be processed and implemented using a double-layer structure, which is conducive to mechanical processing and assembly and has high reliability.

[0021] (3) The distance between the four output ports of the waveguide-type four-way dual-polarization power division network of the present invention can be adjusted within the range of 0.8 to 1.2λ (λ is the wavelength corresponding to the working center frequency of the power division network) according to application requirements, thereby being able to adapt to the design requirements of different array spacings.

[0022] (4) The waveguide-type four-way dual-polarization power splitter network of the present invention is a full-metal waveguide structure, and thus has the advantages of low insertion loss, high efficiency and high power capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network described in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the waveguide-type four-way dual-polarization power splitter described in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the detailed structure of the power division matching network in the waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network described in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 Performance simulation diagram of the waveguide-type four-way dual-polarization power division network described in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 Micro-discharge performance simulation curve of the waveguide-type four-way dual-polarization power division network described in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention provides a waveguide type four-way dual-line polarization power splitter network, comprising an input square waveguide 1, a power splitter matching network 2, and an output square waveguide 3 connected in sequence; wherein the output square waveguide 3 comprises four square waveguides of completely identical sizes; the central axis of the power splitter matching network 2 coincides with the central axis of the input square waveguide 1; the central axis of the output square waveguide 3 coincides with the central axis of the input square waveguide 1;

[0029] The input square waveguide 1 is an input port, and inputs orthogonal dual linear polarization fundamental mode or orthogonal dual circular polarization wave; when the input linear polarization TE 10 Die or TE 01 When the linear polarization wave passes through the power division matching network 2, it is equally divided into four linear polarization waves TE with equal amplitude and phase. 10 Die or TE 01 mode, and output through four square waveguides of exactly the same size; the orthogonal circularly polarized beams are composed of orthogonal linearly polarized TE 10 and TE 01 The module is composed of four orthogonal circularly polarized wave signals. When an orthogonal circularly polarized beam is input, the orthogonal circularly polarized wave is equally divided into four orthogonal circularly polarized wave signals with equal amplitude and phase after passing through the power division matching network 2, and is output by four completely identical square waveguides.

[0030] The power division and matching network 2 is composed of a rectangular parallelepiped 201 with square upper and lower surfaces and a conical hexahedron 202 with square upper and lower surfaces, and the central axes of the rectangular parallelepiped 201 and the conical hexahedron 202 coincide with each other.

[0031] Four first step matching sections 203 with the same structure are installed in the cavity of the conical hexahedron 202 at the connection end between the conical hexahedron 202 and the input square waveguide 1; the four first step matching sections 203 are symmetrically distributed in four quadrants with the central axis of the input square waveguide 1 as the axis, and each first step matching section 203 includes multiple steps with gradually varying sizes, and the central axes of each step coincide, so as to achieve power division and matching.

[0032] Second ridges 205 are added on the central axes of the four side surfaces of the conical hexahedron 202, and the sizes of the four second ridges 205 are exactly the same to improve matching.

[0033] A second step matching section 206 is installed in the cavity of the rectangular parallelepiped 201 at the connecting end of the rectangular parallelepiped 201 and the output square waveguide 3; the central axis of the second step matching section 206 coincides with the central axis of the input square waveguide 1; the second step matching section 206 includes multiple steps with gradually varying sizes, and the central axes of each step coincide. According to matching requirements, the step matching section extends into the cavity of the conical hexahedron 202 to improve the orthogonal polarization isolation performance.

[0034] The four sides of the cuboid 201 all have first ridges 204 of the same size, and the center line of the first ridge 204 coincides with the center line of the side of the cuboid 201 ; the first ridge 204 and the second ridge 205 work together to improve the power division matching performance of the power division matching network 2 .

[0035] The output square waveguide 3 includes four square waveguides of the same size, and the four output square waveguides are symmetrically distributed in four quadrants with the central axis of the input square waveguide 1 as the axis; the four square waveguides correspond one-to-one to the four first step matching sections 203, and the central axis of each output square waveguide coincides with the central axis of the corresponding step matching section; the output square waveguide 3 is used to output four signals with equal amplitudes and the same phase.

[0036] The side length of the square on the lower surface of the conical hexahedron 202 is smaller than the side length of the square on the upper surface of the conical hexahedron 202 and larger than the side length of the input square waveguide 1 ; the side length of the square on the upper surface of the conical hexahedron 202 is smaller than or equal to the side length of the square on the upper surface of the cuboid 201 .

[0037] The first step matching section 203 and the second step matching section 206 are both cylindrical or square multi-step structures.

[0038] The side length of the output square waveguide 3 is less than or equal to the side length of the input square waveguide 1 , and the spacing between the outer sides of the output square waveguide 3 is less than the side length of the square on the upper surface of the power division matching network 2 .

[0039] The height of the four first ridges 204 on the side of the cuboid 201 is consistent with the height of the cuboid 201 ; the shape of the first ridges 204 is a cuboid, and the width of the first ridges 204 is smaller than the spacing between the inner sides of the output square waveguide 3 .

[0040] The height of the four second ridges 205 on the side of the conical hexahedron 202 is not greater than the height of the conical hexahedron 202 , the second ridges 205 are in the shape of triangular prisms, and the width of the second ridges 205 is less than the spacing between the inner sides of the output square waveguide 3 .

[0041] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. The Ku frequency band is taken as an example.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, a waveguide type four-way dual-line polarization power division network is composed of an input square waveguide, a power division matching network and an output square waveguide. In the specific processing implementation, the entire network can be divided into two parts at an appropriate position in the power division matching network, thereby completing the processing of the entire power division network and ensuring that the entire network is composed of two parts, such as Figure 2 As shown, the power division network has the advantage of simple processing and assembly.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the input square waveguide has a size of 16.8 mm*16.8 mm and a length of 15 mm. The size of the square waveguide can ensure Ku-band dual-polarization wave transmission.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, the power division matching network includes a conical hexahedron and a rectangular parallelepiped whose upper and lower surfaces are both square. The side length of the square of the lower surface of the conical hexahedron (30.8mm*30.8mm) is greater than the side length of the input square waveguide, the side length of the square of the upper surface of the conical hexahedron (40mm*40mm) is greater than the side length of the square of the lower surface of the conical hexahedron, and the side length of the square of the upper and lower surfaces of the rectangular parallelepiped (42mm*42mm) is not less than the side length of the square of the upper surface of the conical hexahedron. In order to achieve good co-polarization power division and orthogonal polarization isolation, four step matching sections of the same size are added to the inner cavity on the lower surface of the power division matching network, and the four step matching sections are symmetrically distributed in four quadrants with the central axis of the input square waveguide as the axis. The step matching section can adopt a square or cylindrical structure.

[0045] A step matching section is added to the inner cavity on the upper surface of the cuboid, wherein the axis thereof coincides with the central axis of the input square waveguide. Based on the need for polarization isolation, the length of the step matching section is greater than the height of the cuboid. In addition, ridges are added to the inner cavity on the four sides of the centimeter matching network, wherein the central axis of the ridge coincides with the central axis of the side on which it is located, and the shape of the ridge is a triangular prism. The width of the ridge is 2.8mm, the depth of the ridge is 5.1mm, and the maximum height of the ridge is 14.5mm, which is less than the height of the power division matching network of 15.5mm. Without considering the length of the input and output waveguides, the height of the power division matching network is only 0.58λ (λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the power division network of 11.25GHz), indicating that the power division network has extremely compact dimensions.

[0046] The output square waveguide includes four square waveguides of the same size (15.6mm*15.6mm), which are symmetrically distributed in four quadrants with the central axis of the input square waveguide as the axis. The central axis of each output square waveguide coincides with the central axis of the corresponding step matching section below. The spacing between the inner side surfaces of the output square waveguide is 6.8mm, which is greater than the width of the ridge, and the spacing between the outer side surfaces of the output square waveguide is 38mm, which is less than the side length of the square on the upper surface of the power splitter matching network. The spacing between two adjacent output square waveguides is 22.4mm, which is about 0.83λ (λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the power splitter network 11.25GHz).

[0047] Figure 4 The port performance simulation results of this embodiment are given. Figure 4 (a) From the simulation results, the dual-polarization reflection coefficient of the input port of the four-way dual-polarization power splitter network is better than -20dB in the range of 9.95 to 12.56GHz (relative bandwidth 23.2%), showing good broadband matching performance. At the same time, the dual-polarization reflection coefficient curves are consistent, indicating that the network has the same transmission characteristics for dual polarization.

[0048] Figure 4 (b) shows the curve of the output amplitude characteristics of the four output ports changing with frequency when a certain polarization input is applied. The power division ratio of the four output ports is better than -6.2dB in the range of 10.01 to 12.62GHz (relative bandwidth 23.1%), and the difference in power division ratio of different output ports within the band is less than 0.05dB, showing good broadband equal power division ratio characteristics.

[0049] Figure 4 (c) shows a curve of the output phase characteristics of the four output ports varying with frequency when a certain polarization input is applied. The phases of the four output ports are consistent in the range of 10.01 to 12.62 GHz (relative bandwidth 23.1%), indicating that the output ports of the power division network have completely consistent phases.

[0050] Figure 4 (d) shows the curve of the output orthogonal polarization components of the four output ports varying with frequency when a certain polarization input is applied. The orthogonal polarization components of the four output ports are all lower than -20 dB in the range of 9.90 to 12.78 GHz (relative bandwidth 25.4%), indicating that the power division network has good cross-polarization suppression capability.

[0051] Figure 5 The micro-discharge power tolerance capability of the power division network is given. From the simulation results, the power division network can withstand a power of more than 260,000 watts, showing excellent high-power usage characteristics.

[0052] Parts of the present invention that are not described in detail belong to common knowledge among those skilled in the art.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, several modifications and replacements can be made to the present invention without paying creative work, and all these modifications and replacements should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network, characterized in that: It comprises an input square waveguide (1), a power division matching network (2), and an output square waveguide (3) which are connected in sequence; wherein the output square waveguide (3) comprises four square waveguides of completely identical sizes; the central axis of the power division matching network (2) coincides with the central axis of the input square waveguide (1); and the central axis of the output square waveguide (3) coincides with the central axis of the input square waveguide (1); The input square waveguide (1) is an input port, and inputs orthogonal dual linear polarization fundamental mode or orthogonal dual circular polarization wave; when the input linear polarization TE 10 Die or TE 01 When the linear polarization wave passes through the power division matching network (2), it is equally divided into four linear polarization waves TE with equal amplitude and phase. 10 Die or TE 01 mode, and output through four square waveguides of exactly the same size; the orthogonal circularly polarized beams are composed of orthogonal linearly polarized TE 10 and TE 01 The module is composed of four orthogonal circular polarization wave signals, when an orthogonal circular polarization beam is input, the orthogonal circular polarization wave is divided into four orthogonal circular polarization wave signals with equal amplitude and phase after passing through the power division matching network (2), and is output by four completely identical square waveguides.

2. A waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power division matching network (2) is composed of a rectangular parallelepiped (201) whose upper and lower surfaces are both square and a conical hexahedron (202) whose upper and lower surfaces are both square, and the central axes of the rectangular parallelepiped (201) and the conical hexahedron (202) coincide.

3. A waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network according to claim 2, characterized in that: Four first step matching sections (203) with the same structure are installed in the cavity of the conical hexahedron (202) on the connection end between the conical hexahedron (202) and the input square waveguide (1); the four first step matching sections (203) are symmetrically distributed in four quadrants with the central axis of the input square waveguide (1) as the axis, and each first step matching section (203) includes multiple steps with gradually changing sizes, and the central axes of each step coincide, so as to realize power division and matching.

4. A waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network according to claim 3, characterized in that: Second ridges (205) are added on the central axes of the four side surfaces of the conical hexahedron (202), and the sizes of the four second ridges (205) are exactly the same, so as to improve matching.

5. A waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second step matching section (206) is installed in the cavity of the rectangular parallelepiped (201) on the connecting end of the rectangular parallelepiped (201) and the output square waveguide (3); the central axis of the second step matching section (206) coincides with the central axis of the input square waveguide (1); the second step matching section (206) comprises a plurality of steps with gradually varying sizes, the central axes of each step coincide, and according to matching requirements, the step matching section extends into the cavity of the conical hexahedron (202) to improve orthogonal polarization isolation performance.

6. A waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network according to claim 5, characterized in that: The four sides of the rectangular parallelepiped (201) are all provided with first ridges (204) of the same size, and the center line of the first ridge (204) coincides with the center line of the side of the rectangular parallelepiped (201); the first ridge (204) and the second ridge (205) work together to improve the power division matching performance of the power division matching network (2).

7. A waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network according to claim 3, characterized in that: The output square waveguide (3) comprises four square waveguides of the same size, and the four output square waveguides are symmetrically distributed in four quadrants with the central axis of the input square waveguide (1) as the axis; the four square waveguides correspond one-to-one to four first step matching sections (203), and the central axis of each output square waveguide coincides with the central axis of the corresponding step matching section; the output square waveguide (3) is used to output four signals with equal amplitudes and the same phases.

8. A waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side length of the square on the lower surface of the conical hexahedron (202) is smaller than the side length of the square on the upper surface of the conical hexahedron (202), and is larger than the side length of the input square waveguide (1); the side length of the square on the upper surface of the conical hexahedron (202) is smaller than or equal to the side length of the square on the upper surface of the cuboid (201).

9. A waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first step matching section (203) and the second step matching section (206) are both cylindrical or square multi-step structures.

10. A waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side length of the output square waveguide (3) is less than or equal to the side length of the input square waveguide (1), and the spacing between the outer sides of the output square waveguide (3) is less than the side length of the square on the upper surface of the power division matching network (2).

11. A waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heights of the four first ridges (204) on the side of the rectangular parallelepiped (201) are consistent with the height of the rectangular parallelepiped (201); the shape of the first ridges (204) is a rectangular parallelepiped, and the width of the first ridges (204) is smaller than the spacing between the inner sides of the output square waveguide (3).

12. A waveguide type four-way dual-polarization power division network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the four second ridges (205) on the side of the conical hexahedron (202) is not greater than the height of the conical hexahedron (202), the shape of the second ridges (205) is a triangular prism, and the width of the second ridges (205) is less than the spacing of the inner side surfaces of the output square waveguide (3).

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