Substrate bag root-limiting super-high-density cultivation method for facility sweet cherries

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of facility agriculture. The invention provides a facility sweet cherry substrate bag root-limiting super-high-density cultivation method which comprises the following steps: (1) in the first year after nursery stock field planting, pinching treatment is performed on lateral bud shoots; pruning in winter; (2) in the second year, bud thinning is carried out after top branches begin to germinate due to dormancy; performing pinching treatment on the lateral branches; pruning in winter; (3) in the third year, bud thinning is carried out after top branches begin to germinate due to dormancy; performing pinching treatment on the lateral branches; and pruning in winter. According to the cultivation method, the tree form is improved, and the superfine spindle-shaped tree form is obtained; roots are limited through the breathable matrix bags, vegetative growth of trees is effectively controlled, flower bud differentiation and fruit development are promoted, the yield and quality of fruits are improved, then the water and fertilizer integration technology is utilized, fertilizer waste and environmental pollution are reduced, and green production is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of facility agriculture, and in particular to a facility sweet cherry substrate bag root-limited ultra-high density cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] As the global sweet cherry market continues to expand, the area of ​​sweet cherry planting is increasing year by year. As a fruit tree with high economic benefits, sweet cherry has a long growth cycle. Generally, dwarf rootstock sweet cherry trees begin to bear fruit in small quantities in the third year after planting, and can only reach a high yield in the fifth year. Therefore, the high initial cost investment has put many facility growers under tremendous pressure. How to shorten the time to enter the fruiting period is a difficult problem that facility sweet cherry growers urgently need to solve.

[0003] At present, with the continuous development of facility cultivation technology and the popularization of water-fertilizer integrated technology, the cultivation method of sweet cherries urgently needs to be innovated to meet the market demand for high-quality sweet cherries, while reducing planting costs and achieving results earlier.

[0004] Therefore, a sweet cherry cultivation method that can meet market demand is badly needed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating sweet cherry with ultra-high density in a substrate bag. A large number of large-scale sweet cherry seedlings can be cultivated by the method of the present invention. The cultivated large-scale seedlings can be transplanted at any time, and these large seedlings have already cultivated flower-bearing side branches in the early stage. After the growers transplant the large-scale seedlings cultivated by the present invention, they can bear fruit in the same year, which greatly shortens the income recovery time and improves the economic benefits of the growers.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for cultivating sweet cherries in a greenhouse using a substrate bag with limited roots and ultra-high density, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) In the first year after the seedlings are planted, the new shoots on the main trunk and lateral buds of the seedlings are pinched when they grow to 13-17 cm. The new shoots on the top of the main trunk are not pinched. In winter, 3-5 supporting branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 7-9 cm, and other side branches are pruned to 3-5 cm.

[0009] (2) In the second year after the seedlings are planted, thin out the buds after the dormant buds on the top branches begin to sprout; pinch off the lateral branches when they grow to 13-17 cm, but do not pinch off the new shoots on the top of the main trunk; in winter, prune the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk to 15-20 cm, prune other lateral branches to 7-9 cm, and do not prune the fruiting branches;

[0010] (3) In the third year after the seedlings are planted, thin out the buds after the dormant buds on the top branches begin to sprout; pinch off the side branches when they grow to 13-17 cm, but do not pinch off the new shoots on the top of the main trunk; in winter, keep the main trunk below 130 cm, prune the restraining branches at the base of the trunk to 20-25 cm, prune other side branches to 8-10 cm, and do not prune the fruiting branches.

[0011] Preferably, the seedlings in step (1) are grafted with Luying No. 5 as the scion and Gisela No. 6 as the rootstock, and the selection criteria of the seedlings are: one-year-old seedlings, with a diameter of more than 1 cm, a well-developed root system, 5 lateral roots with a thickness of not less than 3 mm, a lateral root length of not less than 20 cm, a good degree of branch lignification, 3 to 5 full buds, and a branch thickness of not less than 8 mm; the roots and stems are not damaged, and the graft healing degree is good.

[0012] Preferably, the planting time in step (1) is from early March to mid-March, with a fixed stem of 35 to 45 cm, a plant spacing of 0.4 to 0.6 m, and a row spacing of 1.5 to 1.7 m.

[0013] Preferably, the seedlings described in step (1) are planted in breathable root-limiting bags, and the cherry seedlings are planted in the root-limiting bags filled with cultivation medium to limit the growth range of the root system.

[0014] Preferably, the root-limiting bag is a non-woven bag with a diameter of 30 to 40 cm and a depth of 25 to 35 cm. During planting, the bottom 20 to 25 cm of the root-limiting bag is buried in the field.

[0015] Preferably, the root limiting bag is punched with holes with a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 cm on the bottom and sides before use, with 4 to 6 holes on the bottom and 30 to 34 holes on the sides.

[0016] Preferably, the cultivation matrix comprises the following raw materials in proportions by volume: 8 to 12 parts of peat soil, 1.5 to 2.5 parts of perlite, 1.5 to 2.5 parts of vermiculite, and 1.5 to 2.5 parts of sheep manure.

[0017] Preferably, after planting in step (1), the plants are covered with 3 to 5 cm of field soil.

[0018] Preferably, the density of the bud thinning in steps (2) and (3) is independently 2 buds per 4 to 6 cm.

[0019] Preferably, the cultivation method further comprises a fertilization management process, wherein the fertilization periods include postpartum fertilizer, summer fertilizer, autumn fertilizer, pre-flowering fertilizer and pre-fruiting fertilizer;

[0020] The postpartum fertilizer is applied within one month after fruit picking. The postpartum fertilizer is mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied every 2 weeks at a rate of 10 to 15 kg per mu;

[0021] The summer fertilizer is applied after the month-end fertilizer and before the leaves fall. The summer fertilizer is mainly balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer, with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2, and is applied every 2 weeks at a rate of 8-10 kg / mu;

[0022] The autumn basal fertilizer is applied between early October and the end of leaf fall, and the autumn basal fertilizer is mainly water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids, and is applied at a rate of 10 to 15 kg per mu;

[0023] The pre-flowering fertilizer is applied before budding, and the pre-flowering fertilizer is mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 10 to 15 kg per mu;

[0024] The fruit-period fertilizer is applied during the fruit hardcore stage and the fruit color change stage. The fruit-period fertilizer is mainly amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer or high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied in an amount of 10 to 15 kg per mu.

[0025] The invention provides a method for cultivating sweet cherries in a substrate bag with limited roots in a facility with ultra-high density, comprising the following steps: (1) in the first year after the seedlings are planted, the main trunk and lateral buds of the seedlings are pinched when the new shoots grow to 13 to 17 cm, and the new shoots at the top of the main trunk are not pinched; in winter, 3 to 5 restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 7 to 9 cm, and the other side branches are pruned to 3 to 5 cm; (2) in the second year after the seedlings are planted, the top branches are thinned out after the dormant branches begin to sprout; the side branches are pinched when they grow to 13 to 17 cm, and the main branches are not pinched; in winter, 3 to 5 restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 7 to 9 cm, and the other side branches are pruned to 3 to 5 cm; The new shoots at the top of the trunk are not pinched; in winter, the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 15-20 cm, and the other side branches are pruned to 7-9 cm, but the fruiting branches are not pruned; (3) In the third year after the seedlings are planted, bud thinning is carried out after the dormant branches at the top begin to sprout; the side branches are pinched when they grow to 13-17 cm, but the new shoots at the top of the main trunk are not pinched; in winter, the main trunk is controlled to be less than 130 cm, the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 20-25 cm, and the other side branches are pruned to 8-10 cm, but the fruiting branches are not pruned.

[0026] The system of the present invention is divided into three parts:

[0027] 1. Improved ultra-fine spindle tree shape

[0028] Traditional cherry tree shapes are mostly open or sparse, which is not conducive to high-density cultivation. The present invention improves the "Luying No. 5" tree shape and adopts an ultra-fine spindle-shaped tree shape to control the tree crown within a smaller range, reduce the plant spacing, and increase the planting density per unit area. This tree shape is not only conducive to light and ventilation, but also reduces the labor for pruning and picking, and improves the quality and yield of the fruit.

[0029] 2. Root-limited cultivation

[0030] Root restriction cultivation is a cultivation method that controls the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of trees by limiting the growth range of the root system. The present invention adopts breathable substrate bag root restriction technology, and the cherry seedlings are planted in a bag filled with a substrate (perlite, vermiculite, sheep manure, etc.), and the growth range of the root system is limited by the size and shape of the bag. The vegetative growth of the tree is effectively controlled, flower bud differentiation and fruit development are promoted, and the yield and quality of the fruit are improved. At the same time, the use of the substrate bag can also facilitate transplanting and management, and improve the cultivation efficiency.

[0031] 3. All-element water and fertilizer integration

[0032] According to the growth requirements of the sweet cherry tree, the present invention directly delivers appropriate amounts of water and nutrients to the vicinity of the cherry tree root system through a drip irrigation system, ensuring that the cherry tree obtains sufficient water and nutrients during the growth process, promoting the healthy growth of the tree and the development of the fruit. At the same time, the water-fertilizer integration technology can also reduce fertilizer waste and environmental pollution, and achieve green production.

[0033] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0034] 1. After being managed by the cultivation system of the present invention, the produced seedlings can be directly sold as seedlings, quickly enter the high-yield period, and shorten the profit recovery time. First, the non-woven fabric matrix bag can be moved at any time without affecting the growth of the tree; second, the tree shape has been cultivated and finalized, and it can be planted in the same year and bear fruit in the same year and recover the investment in the same year. By adopting the ultra-fine spindle-shaped tree shape and root-limited cultivation technology, the growth rate of the cherry tree can be effectively controlled so that it can reach the high-yield period in a shorter time. At the same time, the water-fertilizer integration technology of all nutrient elements can ensure that the cherry tree obtains sufficient water and nutrition during the growth process, further promoting the development of the fruit and the increase of yield. Therefore, this method can greatly shorten the profit recovery time and improve the economic benefits of growers.

[0035] 2. The seedlings produced by the cultivation method of the present invention are planted in facilities, and the requirements for the facility greenhouse are relatively low. The height of the general facility sweet cherry greenhouse is 6 meters, and the tree shape of the present invention only requires 4 meters. Many greenhouses built according to the requirements of vegetable greenhouses can be used to grow sweet cherries, especially many idle greenhouses in Xinjiang, which are 4 meters high. According to the previous sweet cherry tree management method, it cannot be used, but under the system of the present invention, it can be used.

[0036] 3. Root-limited cultivation and integrated water and fertilizer technology with full nutrient elements can ensure that cherry trees obtain a balanced supply of nutrients during their growth, which is beneficial to the development and quality of the fruit. At the same time, the ultra-fine spindle-shaped tree shape can improve the light and ventilation conditions in the crown, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, and further improve the quality and yield of the fruit. The fruits produced are large and high in yield. One acre of land can reach 4,000 kg in the peak fruit-bearing period, which is twice that of ordinary sweet cherry greenhouses.

[0037] 4. Lightweight and simplified technology, saving labor and effort. The use of substrate bags can facilitate transplanting and management, reducing labor input during the planting process. At the same time, water-fertilizer integration technology can achieve automated and intelligent management, further reducing labor costs. Therefore, this method can achieve light and simplified cultivation, reduce planting costs, and improve economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the ultra-high density cultivation method of sweet cherry with root limitation in substrate bags. A is the first year of seedling planting; B is the second year of seedling planting, and the red arrow indicates the restraining branch; C is the third year of seedling planting, and the red arrow indicates the restraining branch; D is the spring bud removal, and the red arrow indicates the removed bud; E is the growth state after bud removal, and the red arrow indicates the removed space; F is a root limitation bag used for seedling planting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention provides a method for cultivating sweet cherries in a greenhouse using a substrate bag with limited roots and ultra-high density, comprising the following steps:

[0040] (1) In the first year after the seedlings are planted, the new shoots on the main trunk and lateral buds of the seedlings are pinched when they grow to 13-17 cm. The new shoots on the top of the main trunk are not pinched. In winter, 3-5 supporting branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 7-9 cm, and other side branches are pruned to 3-5 cm.

[0041] (2) In the second year after the seedlings are planted, thin out the buds after the dormant buds on the top branches begin to sprout; pinch off the lateral branches when they grow to 13-17 cm, but do not pinch off the new shoots on the top of the main trunk; in winter, prune the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk to 15-20 cm, prune other lateral branches to 7-9 cm, and do not prune the fruiting branches;

[0042] (3) In the third year after the seedlings are planted, thin out the buds after the dormant buds on the top branches begin to sprout; pinch off the side branches when they grow to 13-17 cm, but do not pinch off the new shoots on the top of the main trunk; in winter, keep the main trunk below 130 cm, prune the restraining branches at the base of the trunk to 20-25 cm, prune other side branches to 8-10 cm, and do not prune the fruiting branches.

[0043] In the present invention, the pinching treatment in step (1) is preferably performed when the new shoots of the lateral buds on the main trunk of the seedling grow to 15 cm.

[0044] In the present invention, in step (1), the four restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are preferably pruned to 8 cm and the other side branches are pruned to 4 cm in winter.

[0045] In the present invention, the pinching treatment in step (2) is preferably performed when the side branches grow to 15 cm.

[0046] In the present invention, in step (2), the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are preferably pruned to 17-18 cm in winter, and the other side branches are pruned to 8 cm.

[0047] In the present invention, the pinching treatment in step (3) is preferably performed when the side branches grow to 15 cm.

[0048] In the present invention, in step (3), the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are preferably pruned to 22-23 cm in winter, and the other side branches are pruned to 9 cm.

[0049] In the present invention, the seedlings described in step (1) are preferably obtained by grafting with Luying No. 5 as the scion and Gisela No. 6 as the rootstock, and the selection criteria of the seedlings are preferably: one-year-old seedlings, with a diameter of more than 1 cm, a well-developed root system, 5 lateral roots with a thickness of not less than 3 mm, a lateral root length of not less than 20 cm, a good degree of branch lignification, 3 to 5 full buds, and a branch thickness of not less than 8 mm; the roots and stems are not damaged, and the graft healing degree is good.

[0050] In the present invention, the time for transplanting in step (1) is preferably from early March to mid-March, the stem height is preferably 35-45 cm, more preferably 40 cm, the plant spacing is preferably 0.4-0.6 m, more preferably 0.5 m, and the row spacing is preferably 1.5-1.7 m, more preferably 1.6 m.

[0051] In the present invention, the seedlings described in step (1) are preferably planted in breathable root-limiting bags, and the cherry seedlings are planted in the root-limiting bags filled with cultivation medium to limit the growth range of the root system.

[0052] In the present invention, the root-limiting bag is preferably a non-woven bag with a diameter of 30 to 40 cm and a depth of 25 to 35 cm, and more preferably a non-woven bag with a diameter of 35 cm and a depth of 30 cm. During planting, the root-limiting bag is preferably buried in the field with a bottom of 20 to 25 cm, and more preferably 22 to 23 cm.

[0053] In the present invention, the root limiting bag is preferably punched with holes of 0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter on the bottom and sides before use, with 4 to 6 holes on the bottom and 30 to 34 holes on the sides. It is further preferred to punch holes of 1 cm in diameter on the bottom and sides, with 5 holes on the bottom and 32 holes on the sides.

[0054] In the present invention, the cultivation matrix preferably includes the following raw materials in volume proportions: 8-12 parts of peat soil, 1.5-2.5 parts of perlite, 1.5-2.5 parts of vermiculite, and 1.5-2.5 parts of sheep manure, and more preferably: 10 parts of peat soil, 2 parts of perlite, 2 parts of vermiculite, and 2 parts of sheep manure.

[0055] In the present invention, after the planting in step (1), the soil is preferably covered with 3 to 5 cm of field soil, more preferably 4 cm.

[0056] In the present invention, the purpose of the soil covering is to facilitate moisture retention.

[0057] In the present invention, the density of the bud thinning in steps (2) and (3) is preferably 2 buds per 4 to 6 cm2, and more preferably 2 buds per 5 cm2.

[0058] In the present invention, the cultivation method also includes a fertilization management process, and the fertilization periods include postpartum fertilizer, summer fertilizer, autumn fertilizer, pre-flowering fertilizer and pre-fruiting fertilizer;

[0059] The postpartum fertilizer is preferably applied within one month after fruit picking. The postpartum fertilizer is preferably mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied every 2 weeks at a rate of 10 to 15 kg / mu, more preferably 12 to 13 kg / mu;

[0060] The summer fertilization is preferably applied after the month-end fertilizer and before the leaves fall. The summer fertilization is preferably mainly balanced macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2, more preferably 1:1:1, and applied every 2 weeks at a rate of 8-10 kg / mu, more preferably 9 kg / mu;

[0061] The autumn basal fertilizer is preferably applied between early October and the end of leaf fall. The autumn basal fertilizer is preferably mainly amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at an amount of 10 to 15 kg / mu, more preferably 12 to 13 kg / mu;

[0062] The pre-flowering fertilizer is preferably applied before budding, and the pre-flowering fertilizer is preferably mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, applied at an amount of 10 to 15 kg / mu, more preferably 12 to 13 kg / mu;

[0063] The fruit-stage fertilizer is preferably applied during the fruit hardcore stage and the fruit color change stage. The fruit-stage fertilizer is preferably mainly composed of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer or high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 10 to 15 kg / mu, and more preferably 12 to 13 kg / mu.

[0064] In the present invention, the cultivation method preferably also includes the step of drainage detection, and the drainage detection method is to use a soil nutrient rapid tester for regular detection. During the drainage detection, one seedling is randomly selected from each row of seedlings, and the nutrients at the bottom of the root limit bag are detected using a soil nutrient rapid tester.

[0065] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] A method for cultivating sweet cherries in a greenhouse with a substrate bag and limited roots at an ultra-high density comprises the following steps:

[0068] (1) Using Luying No. 5 as the scion and Gisela No. 6 as the rootstock to obtain the seedlings, the seedlings with a diameter of more than 1 cm, a well-developed root system, 5 lateral roots with a thickness of not less than 3 mm, a lateral root length of not less than 20 cm, a good degree of branch lignification, 3 to 5 full buds, and a branch thickness of not less than 8 mm; the seedlings with no damage to the roots and stems and a good degree of graft healing are selected as the cultivation objects and reserved;

[0069] (2) On March 5, a non-woven bag with a diameter of 30 cm and a depth of 25 cm was used as a root-limiting bag for seedling planting. During planting, the cultivation medium was prepared according to the volume ratio of 8 parts of peat soil, 2.5 parts of perlite, 2.5 parts of vermiculite, and 2.5 parts of sheep manure. After the cultivation medium was put into the root-limiting bag, holes with a diameter of 0.5 cm were punched on the bottom and sides of the root-limiting bag, including 6 holes on the bottom and 34 holes on the sides. Then, the root-limiting bag was planted in the field according to the standard of 35 cm trunk spacing, 0.4 m plant spacing, and 1.7 m row spacing. During planting, the bottom 20 cm of the root-limiting bag was buried in the field and covered with 5 cm of field soil after planting;

[0070] (3) In the first year after the seedlings are planted, the new shoots on the main trunk and lateral buds of the seedlings are pinched when they grow to 17 cm. The new shoots on the top of the main trunk are not pinched. In winter, the three restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 9 cm, and the other side branches are pruned to 5 cm.

[0071] (4) In the second year after the seedlings are planted, after the dormant top branches begin to sprout, bud thinning is carried out according to the standard of 2 buds per 4 cm; when the side branches grow to 17 cm, they are topped, and the new shoots at the top of the main trunk are not topped; in winter, the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 20 cm, and other side branches are pruned to 7 cm, and the fruiting branches are not pruned;

[0072] (5) In the third year after the seedlings are planted, after the dormant top branches begin to sprout, bud thinning is carried out according to the standard of 2 buds per 4 cm; when the side branches grow to 17 cm, they are topped, and the new shoots at the top of the main trunk are not topped; in winter, the main trunk is controlled to be less than 130 cm, the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 20 cm, and the other side branches are pruned to 10 cm, and the fruiting branches are not pruned, so as to obtain large sweet cherry seedlings;

[0073] (6) After transplanting large sweet cherry seedlings, apply monthly fertilizer, summer fertilizer, autumn fertilizer, pre-flowering fertilizer and pre-fruiting fertilizer;

[0074] The postpartum fertilizer is applied within one month after fruit picking. The postpartum fertilizer is mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied every 2 weeks at a rate of 10 kg / mu;

[0075] The summer fertilizer is applied after the month-end fertilizer and before the leaves fall. The summer fertilizer is mainly balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer, with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 1.2:1.2:0.8, and is applied every 2 weeks at a rate of 10 kg / mu;

[0076] The autumn basal fertilizer is applied between early October and the end of leaf fall, and the autumn basal fertilizer is mainly water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids, and is applied at a rate of 15 kg / mu;

[0077] The pre-flowering fertilizer is applied before budding, and the pre-flowering fertilizer is mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 10 kg / mu;

[0078] The fruit-period fertilizer is applied during the fruit hardcore stage and the fruit color change stage. The fruit-period fertilizer is mainly amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer or high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 10 kg / mu.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] A method for cultivating sweet cherries in a greenhouse with a substrate bag and limited roots at an ultra-high density comprises the following steps:

[0081] (1) Using Luying No. 5 as the scion and Gisela No. 6 as the rootstock to obtain the seedlings, the seedlings with a diameter of more than 1 cm, a well-developed root system, 5 lateral roots with a thickness of not less than 3 mm, a lateral root length of not less than 20 cm, a good degree of branch lignification, 3 to 5 full buds, and a branch thickness of not less than 8 mm; the seedlings with no damage to the roots and stems and a good degree of graft healing are selected as the cultivation objects and reserved;

[0082] (2) On March 10, a non-woven bag with a diameter of 40 cm and a depth of 35 cm was used as a root-limiting bag for seedling planting. During planting, the cultivation medium was prepared according to the volume ratio of 12 parts of peat soil, 1.5 parts of perlite, 1.5 parts of vermiculite, and 1.5 parts of sheep manure. After the cultivation medium was put into the root-limiting bag, holes with a diameter of 1.5 cm were punched on the bottom and sides of the root-limiting bag, including 4 holes in the bottom and 30 holes on the sides. Then, the root-limiting bag was planted in the field according to the standard of 45 cm in trunk, 0.6 m in plant spacing, and 1.5 m in row spacing. During planting, the bottom 25 cm of the root-limiting bag was buried in the field and covered with 3 cm of field soil after planting;

[0083] (3) In the first year after the seedlings are planted, the new shoots on the main trunk and lateral buds of the seedlings are pinched when they grow to 13 cm. The new shoots on the top of the main trunk are not pinched. In winter, the five restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 7 cm, and the other side branches are pruned to 3 cm.

[0084] (4) In the second year after the seedlings are planted, after the dormant top branches begin to sprout, bud thinning is carried out according to the standard of 2 buds per 6 cm; when the side branches grow to 13 cm, they are topped, and the new shoots at the top of the main trunk are not topped; in winter, the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 15 cm, and the other side branches are pruned to 9 cm, and the fruiting branches are not pruned;

[0085] (5) In the third year after the seedlings are planted, after the dormant top branches begin to sprout, bud thinning is carried out according to the standard of 2 buds per 6 cm; when the side branches grow to 13 cm, they are topped, and the new shoots at the top of the main trunk are not topped; in winter, the main trunk is controlled to be less than 130 cm, the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 25 cm, and the other side branches are pruned to 8 cm. The fruiting branches are not pruned, and large sweet cherry seedlings are obtained;

[0086] (6) After transplanting large sweet cherry seedlings, apply monthly fertilizer, summer fertilizer, autumn fertilizer, pre-flowering fertilizer and pre-fruiting fertilizer;

[0087] The postpartum fertilizer is applied within one month after fruit picking. The postpartum fertilizer is mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied every 2 weeks at a rate of 15 kg / mu;

[0088] The summer fertilizer is applied after the month-end fertilizer and before the leaves fall. The summer fertilizer is mainly balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer, with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 0.8:0.8:1.2, and is applied every 2 weeks at a rate of 8 kg / mu;

[0089] The autumn basal fertilizer is applied between the beginning and the end of leaf fall, and the autumn basal fertilizer is mainly water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids, and is applied at an amount of 10 kg / mu;

[0090] The pre-flowering fertilizer is applied before budding, and the pre-flowering fertilizer is mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 15 kg / mu;

[0091] The fruit-period fertilizer is applied during the fruit hardcore stage and the fruit color change stage. The fruit-period fertilizer is mainly amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer or high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 15 kg / mu.

[0092] Example 3

[0093] A method for cultivating sweet cherries in a greenhouse with a substrate bag and limited roots at an ultra-high density comprises the following steps:

[0094] (1) Using Luying No. 5 as the scion and Gisela No. 6 as the rootstock to obtain the seedlings, the seedlings with a diameter of more than 1 cm, a well-developed root system, 5 lateral roots with a thickness of not less than 3 mm, a lateral root length of not less than 20 cm, a good degree of branch lignification, 3 to 5 full buds, and a branch thickness of not less than 8 mm; the seedlings with no damage to the roots and stems and a good degree of graft healing are selected as the cultivation objects and reserved;

[0095] (2) On March 16, a non-woven bag with a diameter of 35 cm and a depth of 30 cm was used as a root-limiting bag for seedling planting. During planting, the cultivation medium was prepared according to the volume ratio of 10 parts of peat soil, 2 parts of perlite, 2 parts of vermiculite, and 2 parts of sheep manure. After the cultivation medium was put into the root-limiting bag, holes with a diameter of 1 cm were punched on the bottom and sides of the root-limiting bag, including 5 holes in the bottom and 32 holes on the sides. Then, the root-limiting bag was planted in the field according to the standard of 40 cm trunk spacing, 0.5 m plant spacing, and 1.6 m row spacing. During planting, the bottom 23 cm of the root-limiting bag was buried in the field and covered with 4 cm of field soil after planting;

[0096] (3) In the first year after the seedlings are planted, the new shoots on the main trunk and lateral buds of the seedlings are pinched when they grow to 15 cm. The new shoots on the top of the main trunk are not pinched. In winter, the four restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 8 cm, and the other side branches are pruned to 4 cm.

[0097] (4) In the second year after the seedlings are planted, after the dormant top branches begin to sprout, bud thinning is carried out according to the standard of 2 buds per 5 cm; when the side branches grow to 15 cm, they are topped, and the new shoots at the top of the main trunk are not topped; in winter, the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 18 cm, and the other side branches are pruned to 8 cm, and the fruiting branches are not pruned;

[0098] (5) In the third year after the seedlings are planted, after the dormant top branches begin to sprout, bud thinning is carried out according to the standard of 2 buds per 5 cm; when the side branches grow to 15 cm, they are topped, and the new shoots at the top of the main trunk are not topped; in winter, the main trunk is controlled to be less than 130 cm, the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 23 cm, and the other side branches are pruned to 9 cm. The fruiting branches are not pruned, and large sweet cherry seedlings are obtained;

[0099] (6) After transplanting large sweet cherry seedlings, apply monthly fertilizer, summer fertilizer, autumn fertilizer, pre-flowering fertilizer and pre-fruiting fertilizer;

[0100] The postpartum fertilizer is applied within one month after fruit picking. The postpartum fertilizer is mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied every 2 weeks at a rate of 10 to 15 kg per mu;

[0101] The summer fertilizer is applied after the month-end fertilizer and before the leaves fall. The summer fertilizer is mainly balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer, with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 1:1:1, and is applied every 2 weeks at a rate of 9 kg / mu;

[0102] The autumn basal fertilizer is applied between the beginning and the end of leaf fall, and the autumn basal fertilizer is mainly water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids, and is applied at an amount of 13 kg / mu;

[0103] The pre-flowering fertilizer is applied before budding, and the pre-flowering fertilizer is mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 12 kg / mu;

[0104] The fruit-period fertilizer is applied during the fruit hardcore stage and the fruit color change stage. The fruit-period fertilizer is mainly composed of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer or high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 13 kg / mu.

[0105] Test example

[0106] A 4-mu greenhouse was used to plant the three-year-old seedlings that had been pruned and cultivated in the above Example 3. The three-year-old seedlings were planted at a row spacing of 1*1.5, and 1,760 seedlings were planted. The yield was high in the same year of planting, and the total yield was 3,520 kg. The high-quality fruit rate was 77%, and the income in the same year was much higher than that of the control group.

[0107] The control group's greenhouse covers an area of ​​4 mu, and has the same structure and cost as the above greenhouses; it is ground-planted, with Cort rootstock, 2*3 plant spacing, 440 plants, and six-year-old trees. It yields well in the year it is planted, with a total yield of 1,300kg that year; the rate of high-quality fruit is 85%.

[0108] For specific results, see Table 1.

[0109] Table 1

[0110] Example Comparison Example Age 3 6 Price (Yuan) 50 yuan / plant 600 yuan / plant Number of plants per mu 440 110 Seedling investment (yuan) 22000 66000 Total production 3520kg 1300kg High-quality fruit rate 77％ 85％ Fresh fruit sales (yuan) 269500 106250 Gross income for the year 247500 40250

[0111] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for ultra-high density cultivation of sweet cherries in a facility with substrate bags for limiting roots, comprising the following steps: (1) in the first year after the seedlings are planted, the new shoots of the lateral buds are pinched; in winter, pruning is performed; (2) in the second year, after the dormancy of the top branches begins to sprout, the buds are thinned out; the side branches are pinched; in winter, pruning is performed; (3) in the third year, after the dormancy of the top branches begins to sprout, the buds are thinned out; the side branches are pinched; in winter, pruning is performed. The cultivation method of the present invention improves the tree shape to obtain an ultra-fine spindle-shaped tree shape; by limiting the roots with breathable substrate bags, the nutritional growth of the tree body is effectively controlled, flower bud differentiation and fruit development are promoted, the yield and quality of the fruit are improved, and the water-fertilizer integration technology is used to reduce fertilizer waste and environmental pollution, thereby achieving green production.

[0112] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating sweet cherries in a facility with a substrate bag and limited roots in an ultra-high density, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) In the first year after the seedlings are planted, the new shoots on the main trunk and lateral buds of the seedlings are pinched when they grow to 13-17 cm. The new shoots on the top of the main trunk are not pinched. In winter, 3-5 supporting branches at the base of the main trunk are pruned to 7-9 cm, and other side branches are pruned to 3-5 cm. (2) In the second year after the seedlings are planted, thin out the buds after the dormant buds on the top branches begin to sprout; pinch off the lateral branches when they grow to 13-17 cm, but do not pinch off the new shoots on the top of the main trunk; in winter, prune the restraining branches at the base of the main trunk to 15-20 cm, prune other lateral branches to 7-9 cm, and do not prune the fruiting branches; (3) In the third year after the seedlings are planted, thin out the buds after the dormant buds on the top branches begin to sprout; pinch off the side branches when they grow to 13-17 cm, but do not pinch off the new shoots on the top of the main trunk; in winter, keep the main trunk below 130 cm, prune the restraining branches at the base of the trunk to 20-25 cm, prune other side branches to 8-10 cm, and do not prune the fruiting branches.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The seedlings described in step (1) are obtained by grafting with Luying No. 5 as the scion and Gisela No. 6 as the rootstock, and the criteria for selecting the seedlings are: one-year-old seedlings, with a diameter of more than 1 cm, a well-developed root system, 5 lateral roots with a thickness of not less than 3 mm, a lateral root length of not less than 20 cm, a good degree of branch lignification, 3 to 5 full buds, and a branch thickness of not less than 8 mm; the roots and stems are not damaged, and the graft healing degree is good.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The time for planting in step (1) is from early March to mid-March, with a fixed stem of 35 to 45 cm, a plant spacing of 0.4 to 0.6 m, and a row spacing of 1.5 to 1.7 m.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The seedlings described in step (1) are planted in breathable root-limiting bags, and the cherry seedlings are planted in the root-limiting bags filled with cultivation substrate to limit the growth range of the root system.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The root limiting bag is a non-woven bag with a diameter of 30 to 40 cm and a depth of 25 to 35 cm. During planting, the bottom 20 to 25 cm of the root limiting bag is buried in the field.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Before use, the root limiting bag is punched with holes with a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 cm on the bottom and the side, with 4 to 6 holes on the bottom and 30 to 34 holes on the side.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cultivation matrix comprises the following raw materials in proportions by volume: 8 to 12 parts of peat soil, 1.5 to 2.5 parts of perlite, 1.5 to 2.5 parts of vermiculite, and 1.5 to 2.5 parts of sheep manure.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: After planting in step (1), the plants are covered with 3 to 5 cm of field soil.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The density of the bud thinning in steps (2) and (3) is independently 2 buds per 4 to 6 cm.

10. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The cultivation method also includes a fertilization management process, wherein the fertilization periods include postpartum fertilizer, summer fertilizer, autumn fertilizer, pre-flowering fertilizer and pre-fruiting fertilizer; The postpartum fertilizer is applied within one month after fruit picking. The postpartum fertilizer is mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied every 2 weeks at a rate of 10 to 15 kg per mu; The summer fertilizer is applied after the month-end fertilizer and before the leaves fall. The summer fertilizer is mainly balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer, with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2, and is applied every 2 weeks at a rate of 8-10 kg / mu; The autumn basal fertilizer is applied between early October and the end of leaf fall, and the autumn basal fertilizer is mainly water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids, and is applied at a rate of 10 to 15 kg per mu; The pre-flowering fertilizer is applied before budding, and the pre-flowering fertilizer is mainly a full-element nutrient solution type water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied at a rate of 10 to 15 kg per mu; The fruit-period fertilizer is applied during the fruit hardcore stage and the fruit color change stage. The fruit-period fertilizer is mainly amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer or high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and is applied in an amount of 10 to 15 kg per mu.

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