Organic fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and discloses an organic fertilizer as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: drying pure tung oil tree fruits, crushing, adding microorganisms, uniformly mixing, piling and fermenting. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) pre-treating materials; (2) burdening; (3) compost fermentation: adjusting the moisture content of the mixed material, then carrying out compost fermentation, manually turning the compost during the compost fermentation, enabling the highest fermentation temperature to be 64-75 DEG C, and after the compost is fermented, reducing the temperature of the compost body to the ambient temperature; (4) after fermentation is completed, humate powder, nano carbon powder, microalgae powder, allicin and active peptide are added and mixed, and the finished organic fertilizer is prepared. The composting fermentation process can be controlled within 15 days, the content of organic matter is 50% or above, the finished organic fertilizer meets the standard quality requirement of organic fertilizer, and the germination index can reach 90% or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and in particular to an organic fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tung oil tree is an important woody oil-bearing tree species in my country. According to statistics, the tung oil cultivation area in China was 1.89 million hm2 in 1995, accounting for 88% of the world's total area; the average annual output of tung oil in 1995 was 109,000 tons, accounting for 78% of the world's total output. Tung oil is an important raw material for the paint industry, and my country's annual export volume is 30 million to 50 million kg.

[0003] Tung oil tree has a high economic value. Tung oil is a scarce commodity in the domestic and international markets. It has a large demand both at home and abroad and has always been in short supply. Tung cakes made from tung seeds are a highly effective fertilizer; the leaves and roots of tung oil tree can be used as medicine to treat hernia, digestion of food stagnation and menstrual disorders; the water extract of the leaves can also prevent and control underground pests; the fruit shell can be used to make activated carbon; at the same time, tung oil tree grows fast and has straight wood grain, which can be used for processing and as a raw material for edible fungus cultivation.

[0004] Tung oil tree is a rare economic and timber tree species in composite agroforestry. The oil of tung oil tree contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids and a small amount of saturated fatty acids, and is a very good biomass fuel oil. It has been used for lighting in southern my country since ancient times. Tung oil is a mixture of triglycerides, and its fatty acid types mainly include 6 types, namely palmitic acid (3.44%), stearic acid (2.84%), oleic acid (7.15%), linoleic acid (10.04%), linolenic acid (1.50%) and eleostearic acid (75.03%), among which the content of eleostearic acid can reach up to 80%. Eleostearic acid is unique to tung oil and is also the main component that determines the properties of tung oil. As an octadecatrienoic acid, eleostearic acid contains 3 conjugated double bonds. It has active chemical properties and can introduce various functional groups to polymerize into many tung oil family compounds. Tung oil is the best drying oil in the world and the best raw material for producing paints and inks. Paints made from tung oil are acid-resistant, alkali-resistant, salt-resistant, high-temperature-resistant, and have good insulation properties.

[0005] Tung oil seed shells are the fruit shells that fall off naturally during the growth of tung trees. After being collected and processed, they can become high-quality organic fertilizers. Tung oil seed shells are characterized by containing high levels of organic matter, phytic acid, phenols, enzymes and other ingredients, and have good biological activity. They can be used as soil conditioners, plant nutrients, etc.

[0006] At present, there is no actual application of using tung oil seed shell as a raw material for producing and preparing organic fertilizer. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing organic fertilizer using tung fruit as raw material.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved as follows: A method for preparing organic fertilizer using tung fruit comprises the following steps: Step a: After naturally air-drying the tung fruit, crushing it into pieces with a diameter of 0.1 to 2 cm to obtain tung fruit crushed material; Step b: Mixing 70% of tung fruit crushed material, 10% of composite microbial agent, 10% of humate powder, 4% of microalgae powder, 4% of nano carbon powder, 1% of allicin, and 1% of active peptide by weight to obtain a mixed material; Step c: composting fermentation: the moisture content of the mixed material in step b is adjusted to 40% to 60% and then composting fermentation is performed. During the composting fermentation, each pile is in a cone shape with a bottom diameter of 90 to 110 cm and a height of 80 to 100 cm. After the composting fermentation starts, the pile is turned every 2 to 4 days, and the fermentation temperature is controlled at 64 to 75° C. The composting fermentation lasts for 15 to 20 days, and the pile is cooled to ambient temperature to obtain a composting fermentation product; Step d: air-drying, crushing and screening the compost fermentation product obtained in step c to obtain a finished organic fertilizer.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the mixed material in the above step b is not less than 6%.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composite microbial agent in the above step b is composed of the following weight percentages: 10-40% of Bacillus subtilis, 15-30% of Bacillus megaterium, 15-30% of Azotobacter rotundifolia, 15-30% of Trichoderma koningii, and 10-25% of Trichoderma harzianum. The composite microbial agent formed according to the above ratio has the functions of promoting plants to improve their own resistance, eliminating pesticide and fertilizer damage, and inhibiting the occurrence of leaf spot, leaf blight, blight, root rot, soft rot and other diseases of leafy crops caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses.

[0011] The invention also provides an organic fertilizer prepared by the method.

[0012] The invention also provides an application of the organic fertilizer in farmland soil.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Using tung fruit as raw material, it contains a large amount of organic matter and nutrients. After processing, it can be applied to farmland as organic fertilizer. It can provide the nutrients needed by plants, increase soil fertility, improve soil structure, promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, and help improve soil quality.

[0014] 2. Tung fruit has the effect of resistance to diseases and pests. It contains certain phenolic substances and phytic acid, which have good bactericidal, insecticidal and pathogenic bacteria inhibiting effects. It can reduce the incidence of plant diseases and pests and promote the healthy growth of plants.

[0015] 3. Environmentally friendly: Tung seed shell, as an organic fertilizer, can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, reduce the use of pesticides, reduce the pollution of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to the environment, and help protect the environment and ecological balance.

[0016] 4. Tung fruit accounts for up to 70% of the raw material ingredients of the present invention, and other additives only account for 20%, so tung fruit can be used in large quantities, and after composting and fermentation, the obtained finished organic fertilizer meets the standard quality requirements of organic fertilizer (NY 525-2002), the total content of N+P2O5+K2O is more than 6%, and the germination index can reach more than 90%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0018] Implementation location: Sichuan Qianwei test base. The test soil is plateau acidic red soil.

[0019] The present embodiment provides an organic fertilizer, and its specific preparation method comprises the following steps: Step a: After naturally air-drying the tung fruit, crush it into pieces with a diameter of 0.1 cm to obtain tung fruit crushed material; Step b: Mixing 70% of tung fruit crushed material, 10% of composite microbial agent, 10% of humate powder, 4% of microalgae powder, 4% of nano carbon powder, 1% of allicin, and 1% of active peptide to obtain a mixed material, wherein the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the mixed material is not less than 6%; Step c: composting fermentation: the moisture content of the mixed material in step b is adjusted to 40% and then composting fermentation is performed. During the composting fermentation, each pile is in a cone shape with a bottom diameter of 90 cm and a height of 80 cm. After the composting fermentation starts, the pile is turned every 2 days. The fermentation temperature is controlled at 64° C. The composting fermentation lasts for 15 days, and the pile is cooled to ambient temperature to obtain a composting fermentation product; Step d: air-drying, crushing and screening the compost fermentation product obtained in step c to obtain a finished organic fertilizer.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composite microbial agent is composed of the following weight percentages: 10% of Bacillus subtilis, 30% of Bacillus megaterium, 25% of Azotobacter foetida, 15% of Trichoderma koningii, and 20% of Trichoderma harzianum.

[0021] The pH value of the finished organic fertilizer is 7.1, the humic acid content is 12.0%, the total nitrogen content is 3.96%, the total phosphorus content is 0.29% (P2O5), the total potassium content is 3.27% (K2O), the total content of N+P2O5+K2O is 7.52%, the germination index reaches 89.2%, and the bulk density is 0.41g / cm³. Example 2

[0022] The present embodiment provides an organic fertilizer, and its specific preparation method comprises the following steps: Step a: After naturally air-drying the tung fruit, crushing it into a diameter of 0.8 cm to obtain tung fruit crushed material; Step b: Mixing 70% of tung fruit crushed material, 10% of composite microbial agent, 10% of humate powder, 4% of microalgae powder, 4% of nano carbon powder, 1% of allicin, and 1% of active peptide to obtain a mixed material, wherein the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the mixed material is not less than 6%; Step c: composting fermentation: the moisture content of the mixed material in step b is adjusted to 60% and then composting fermentation is carried out. During the composting fermentation, each pile is in a cone shape with a bottom diameter of 110 cm and a height of 100 cm. After the composting fermentation starts, the pile is turned every 4 days, and the fermentation temperature is controlled at 75° C. The composting fermentation lasts for 15 days, and the pile is cooled to ambient temperature to obtain a composting fermentation product; Step d: air-drying, crushing and screening the compost fermentation product obtained in step c to obtain a finished organic fertilizer.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composite microbial agent is composed of the following weight percentages: 10% of Bacillus subtilis, 30% of Bacillus megaterium, 25% of Azotobacter foetida, 15% of Trichoderma koningii, and 20% of Trichoderma harzianum.

[0024] The pH value of the finished organic fertilizer is 7.8, the humic acid content is 12.1%, the total nitrogen content is 3.10%, the C / N ratio is 14.2, the total phosphorus content is 0.18% (P2O5), the total potassium content is 3.83% (K2O), the total content of N+P2O5+K2O is 7.11%, the germination index reaches 88.9%, and the bulk density is 0.27g / cm³. Example 3

[0025] The present embodiment provides an organic fertilizer, and its specific preparation method comprises the following steps: Step a: After naturally air-drying the tung fruit, crush it into pieces with a diameter of 1.5 cm to obtain tung fruit crushed material; Step b: Mixing 70% of tung fruit crushed material, 10% of composite microbial agent, 10% of humate powder, 4% of microalgae powder, 4% of nano carbon powder, 1% of allicin, and 1% of active peptide to obtain a mixed material, wherein the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the mixed material is not less than 6%; Step c: composting fermentation: the moisture content of the mixed material in step b is adjusted to 50% and then composting fermentation is carried out. During the composting fermentation, each pile is in a cone shape with a bottom diameter of 100 cm and a height of 90 cm. After the composting fermentation starts, the pile is turned every 3 days. The fermentation temperature is controlled at 70° C. The composting fermentation lasts for 15 days, and the pile is cooled to ambient temperature to obtain a composting fermentation product; Step d: air-drying, crushing and screening the compost fermentation product obtained in step c to obtain a finished organic fertilizer.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composite microbial agent is composed of the following weight percentages: 20% of Bacillus subtilis, 15% of Bacillus megaterium, 30% of Azotobacter rotundifolia, 15% of Trichoderma koningii, and 20% of Trichoderma harzianum.

[0027] The pH value of the finished organic fertilizer is 7.4, the humic acid content is 12.6%, the total nitrogen content is 3.97%, the total phosphorus content is 0.24% (P2O5), the total potassium content is 3.34% (K2O), the total content of N+P2O5+K2O is 7.42%, the germination index reaches 90.1%, and the bulk density is 0.36g / cm³.

[0028] Comparative Example Experimental materials: local farm manure.

[0029] Application Examples Test condition settings: Experimental location: Sichuan Qianwei Experimental Base.

[0030] The test soil was plateau acidic red soil.

[0031] Test subjects: Potatoes; Test materials: organic fertilizer of Example 1, organic fertilizer of Example 2, organic fertilizer of Example 3, and local farmyard manure of Comparative Example.

[0032] The experiment was divided into 4 groups for sowing on January 2, 2024. Each group was simultaneously fertilized with sufficient quantitative organic fertilizer of Example 1, organic fertilizer of Example 2, organic fertilizer of Example 3, and inorganic fertilizer (urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate) of the comparative example. No topdressing was applied during the growth of potatoes. Normal field management was carried out according to local climatic and environmental conditions, and pests and weeds were prevented and controlled in time to make potatoes emerge normally, so as to ensure the normal progress of the later experiments. Potato basic nutrient fertilization formula: N10kg / mu; P2O510kg / mu; K2O10kg / mu.

[0033] G1 = 400 kg of local farmyard manure per mu; G1 = 400 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in Example 1; G2 = 400 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in Example 2; G4 = 400 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in Example 3. Among them, nitrogen comes from 46.4% urea, phosphorus comes from 12% calcium sulfate, and potassium comes from 50% potassium sulfate. Each plot is 1 treatment, each treatment is repeated 3 times, and the random block group is arranged. Each plot has a plant spacing of 30 cm, a row spacing of 35 cm, a furrow width of 35 cm, a ridge length of 300 cm, and a ridge width of 75 cm, which is a single ridge double row planting mode.

[0034] Test results This experiment verifies the effect of applying common farmyard manure and organic fertilizers of various embodiments of the present invention on potato yield on the basis of conventional chemical fertilizer application.

[0035] Compared with ordinary farmyard manure, the application of the organic fertilizer produced by Example 1 of the present invention can increase the yield by 12.7% per mu; the application of the organic fertilizer produced by Example 2 of the present invention can increase the yield by 15.1% per mu. The application of the organic fertilizer produced by Example 3 of the present invention can increase the yield by 16.7% per mu; From the above comparison, it can be seen that the organic fertilizer of the present invention can be applied to farmland to provide the nutrients required by plants, increase soil fertility, improve soil structure, promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, help improve soil quality, and effectively increase the yield of the application object.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing organic fertilizer using tung fruit, the method The following steps are involved: Step a: After naturally air-drying the tung fruit, crushing it into pieces with a diameter of 0.1 to 2 cm to obtain tung fruit crushed material; Step b: Mixing 70% of tung fruit crushed material, 10% of composite microbial agent, 10% of humate powder, 4% of microalgae powder, 4% of nano carbon powder, 1% of allicin, and 1% of active peptide by weight to obtain a mixed material; Step c: composting fermentation: the moisture content of the mixed material in step b is adjusted to 40% to 60% and then composting fermentation is performed. During the composting fermentation, each pile is in a cone shape with a bottom diameter of 90 to 110 cm and a height of 80 to 100 cm. After the composting fermentation starts, the pile is turned every 2 to 4 days, and the fermentation temperature is controlled at 64 to 75° C. The composting fermentation lasts for 15 to 20 days, and the pile is cooled to ambient temperature to obtain a composting fermentation product; Step d: air-drying, crushing and screening the compost fermentation product obtained in step c to obtain a finished organic fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing organic fertilizer using tung fruit as claimed in claim 1, It is characterized in that The total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the mixed material in step b is not less than 6%.

3. The method for preparing organic fertilizer using tung fruit as claimed in claim 1, It is characterized in that The composite microbial agent in step b is composed of the following weight percentages: 10-40% of Bacillus subtilis, 15-30% of Bacillus megaterium, 15-30% of Azotobacter foetida, 15-30% of Trichoderma koningii, and 10-25% of Trichoderma harzianum.

4. An organic fertilizer, It is characterized in that The method is prepared by any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. Application of organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 4 in farmland soil.