Construction method for reinforcing and repairing existing damaged cave dwelling in loess area

Abstract

The invention discloses a reinforcing and repairing construction method for an existing damaged cave in a loess area, belongs to the technical field of building construction, and solves the problem that a traditional brick ring reinforcing method cannot guarantee the stability of a cave crown soil body and the safety of construction operation. The method comprises the following steps: mounting a detachable movable back-jacking support in the cave dwelling, covering soil on the top of the cave dwelling, cleaning the surface of the cave dwelling and solidifying, reinforcing an anchor rod soil body, reinforcing a brick lining voucher, constructing a kiln face, constructing an inner decorative surface and constructing a drainage structure at the top of the cave dwelling. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the upper soil body is solidified by adopting the flexible anchor rods and the reinforcing mesh through the detachable movable back-jacking support, the resistance to a humid environment is improved by adopting the stone-built arch feet, the one-roll one-volt retreating method is used for building and is effectively tied with the kiln face, the stress is reasonable, and the integrity of the cave dwelling is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of building construction, and particularly relates to the reinforcement and repair of cave dwellings, and specifically is a construction method for reinforcing and repairing existing damaged cave dwellings in loess areas. Background Art

[0002] Cave dwellings are one of the forms of residence for residents in the Loess Plateau. Due to the low rainfall, dry climate and unique geological conditions in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and other provinces, the soil has the characteristics of good impermeability, strong resistance to weathering, uniform density and not easy to collapse. Therefore, various forms of cave dwellings have been formed, such as sunken type, cliff-leaning type, independent type, etc. They have the advantages of being warm in winter and cool in summer, energy storage and heat insulation, low construction cost and easy difficulty, and are favored by local residents.

[0003] Nowadays, taking advantage of the popularity of tourism projects such as historical buildings and traditional culture, more and more regions have begun to renovate some of their existing old cave dwellings in order to create supporting tourism projects and promote the development of local tourism. However, since some cave dwellings have been vacant for many years and have fallen into disrepair, the soil has been damaged to varying degrees, such as partial collapse of the cave roof, cracks, cracks on the cave face, etc. The degree of damage is serious and affects its use function and safety performance, so it needs to be repaired. The traditional cave dwelling repair method uses the brick ring reinforcement method, but this method cannot guarantee the stability of the soil on the cave roof and the safety of construction operations, and for cave dwellings with partial collapse and severe damage, this construction method cannot meet the construction needs. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and provide a method for reinforcing and repairing existing damaged cave dwellings in the loess region. The method is to transform the soil consolidation + brick lining reinforcement method of the cave dwelling, based on the principle of "low-carbon and environmental protection, repairing the old as it is", retaining the original appearance, and achieving the goals of safety, reliability, economic rationality, and integrated drainage and waterproofing.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for reinforcing and repairing an existing damaged cave dwelling in a loess region comprises the following steps: 1) Install a removable and movable roof support in the cave The detachable and movable top-return support comprises two rails and a plurality of arch supports.

[0006] The two rails are fixed to the leveled ground inside the cave by anchor bolts; a plurality of arch supports are sequentially connected to form a whole and slidably installed on the two rails.

[0007] The arch support includes two columns; an adjustable connecting rod is connected between the upper parts of the two columns by high-strength bolts, and the distance between the two columns can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the adjustable connecting rod; a supporting main beam is connected between the top ends of the two columns by high-strength bolts, and the supporting main beam is composed of multiple beam sections connected by high-strength bolts, and the overall shape of the supporting main beam is consistent with the shape of the inner roof of the cave; the bottom end of each column is fixedly connected to a hydraulic support leg, and a support frame is fixed on each side of the hydraulic support leg, and a two-way wheel is installed at the bottom of the support frame, and the two-way wheel is rollingly clamped in the track on the corresponding side.

[0008] Two adjustable connecting rods are connected between the supporting main beams of two adjacent arch supports through high-strength bolts. The two adjustable connecting rods are arranged on both sides of the supporting main beam. The distance between the two arch supports can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the two adjustable connecting rods.

[0009] Hydraulic legs are used to accurately position the supporting main beam and fit it tightly against the top soil of the cave, thus constructing an integrated vertical and horizontal arched top support system, ensuring the safety of the internal working space while maximizing the usable space inside the cave.

[0010] 2) Kiln roof soil cleaning and solidification The trees and vegetation on the top of the cave are cleared, the roots of the trees and vegetation are strangled with chemical agents, and the soil stabilizer solution is injected into the soil around the roots to stabilize and solidify the soil.

[0011] 3) Anchor soil reinforcement construction First, clean the loose internal surface of the cave dwellings that have cracks on the top, partial collapse and serious damage.

[0012] After the cleaning is completed, multiple grouting sections are constructed on the kiln roof, and the grouting sections are injected layer by layer from the inside to the outside. During the grouting section construction, five holes are evenly drilled in each grouting section, and a steel pipe soil nail is driven into each hole. The outer surface of the steel pipe soil nail is evenly provided with a number of barbs, and grouting holes are provided on the barbs. The steel pipe soil nail is used to fill the hole densely with high-pressure grouting, and the grouting is carried out from the middle to both ends.

[0013] After the grouting is completed, a steel mesh is laid on the kiln roof and firmly welded to the steel pipe soil nails; then the concrete surface layer is sprayed to ensure the stability of the soil on the kiln roof.

[0014] 4) Brick lining reinforcement construction As the detachable and movable return support moves outside the cave, stone arch feet are built on both sides of the bottom of the cave. The stone arch feet are set higher than the ground inside the cave, and the bottom foundation is built on the ground between the stone arch feet; non-clay solid brick arch legs are built above the stone arch feet; the arch top is built using the one-roll and one-fall back method, with each brick retreated half a brick to leave a gap, to ensure the strength, rigidity and stability of the arch.

[0015] 5) Kiln face construction After cleaning the kiln face that has been washed and cracked by rain, a steel bar is tied at intervals of 500mm at the junction of the cave and the kiln face to prevent cracking due to different stresses in the base layer; the kiln face foundation and the bottom foundation are constructed using stone masonry.

[0016] 6) Interior surface construction; Use imitation straw mud inorganic finishing mortar and apply it evenly on the interior surface of the cave.

[0017] 7) Construction of drainage structure on the top of the cave The drainage structure includes finished U-shaped drainage ditch, protective layer, drainage ditch guardrail, cement mortar leveling layer, root-resistant and anti-puncture waterproof membrane, adhesive-added adhesive mortar and high-viscosity asphalt sealant; The covering soil is finely leveled, and installation positions for the finished U-shaped drain ditch and drain ditch guardrail are reserved. A cement mortar leveling layer is laid to ensure that the foundation is flat and intact. After strengthening the treatment of the corners, root-resistant and puncture-proof waterproof membrane is laid on the large surface and turned up to the bottom of the top of the kiln face. The metal strips are fixed and the gaps are sealed with sealant to ensure that there are no wrinkles or warped edges, forming a continuous and complete waterproof barrier.

[0018] After the finished U-shaped drain ditch and drain ditch guardrail are installed, the interface is filled with adhesive mortar and high-viscosity asphalt sealant is used to finely seal the seams.

[0019] C20 fine stone concrete is poured on both sides of the finished U-shaped drainage ditch as a protective layer to ensure that the kiln roof waterproofing system is stable and effective and to avoid water accumulation and seepage problems.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, in step 1), the adjustable connecting rod includes two outer connecting rods, an inner connecting rod is arranged between the two outer connecting rods, the two sides of the inner connecting rod are respectively slidably inserted in the two outer connecting rods, and the outer connecting rod and the inner connecting rod are connected by a limiting structure, wherein the outer ends of the two outer connecting rods of the adjustable connecting rod for connecting the columns are respectively fixedly connected to the connecting columns on the corresponding sides, and the outer ends of the two outer connecting rods of the adjustable connecting rod for connecting the supporting main beam are respectively fixedly connected to the supporting main beam on the corresponding side.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution, the limiting structure includes a socket and a pin. The outer connecting rod is provided with a plurality of sockets evenly distributed along its length, and the inner connecting rod is provided with a plurality of sockets evenly distributed along its length. After the sockets on the inner connecting rod and the sockets on the outer connecting rod are aligned, the pin is inserted to realize the connection between the inner connecting rod and the outer connecting rod.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, in step 3), the depth of cleaning the internal loose surface is 200mm; the spacing between adjacent grouting sections is 1m; the wall thickness of the steel pipe soil nail is 3mm and the diameter is φ33mm; the steel mesh is composed of A6@200mm steel mesh and C16@500mm reinforcing steel bars; the thickness of the shotcrete surface layer is 80mm.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution, in step 4), the thickness of the stone arch foot is 240 mm and the height is 500 mm, and the stone arch foot is 300 mm above the ground inside the cave; the thickness of the non-clay solid brick arch leg is 240 mm.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution, in step 4), when building the arch ring, the process is carried out symmetrically from both sides to the center, and the center position of the arch remains consistent front to back. The arch ring is capped within 24 hours, and the 16 bricks on the arch top are cut into wedge shape. The gap between the brick lining and the original soil of the cave is filled with cement mortar.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution, in step 5), the width of the kiln face foundation is 850mm, and the burial depth of the kiln face foundation is not less than the local frozen soil depth to resist the damage to the foundation by the underground humid environment. The thickness of the kiln face wall is 370mm, and ventilation holes are left.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution, in step 7), the cement mortar leveling layer is laid with a thickness of 50 mm, the protective layer is inclined toward the finished U-shaped drainage ditch with a slope of 7%, and the finished U-shaped drainage ditch is inclined from the middle to both ends with a slope of 5%.

[0027] The method of the present invention utilizes the laying of tracks in the cave, the connection of the columns and the supporting main beams by high-strength bolts, the two horizontal outer connecting rods and the inner connecting rods cooperate with the limiting structure to connect the supporting main beams to each other, the columns slide to the predetermined position through the two-way wheels on the track, and the hydraulic legs are manually adjusted to make the supporting main beams and the cave closely combined, forming a longitudinal and transverse integrated arch support system, ensuring the safety of the internal working space and the internal use space of the cave body. The cave roof in the cave adopts steel pipe soil nails and steel mesh to form flexible short anchor rods, which effectively pull the plastic zone and the stable layer, connect the anchoring zone into a whole, and prevent the local collapse of the soil on the top of the cave. The stone arch foot + the arch leg and arch foot made of bricks are not only reasonably stressed, but also low in cost. After cleaning the loose surface layer, the use space is almost not reduced. After the drainage system on the top of the cave is improved, the safety and use function of the cave are greatly improved.

[0028] The method of the present invention solves the problems that the existing brick ring reinforcement method cannot ensure the stability of the kiln roof soil and the safety of construction operations. Compared with the existing brick ring reinforcement method, the method of the present invention uses a detachable and movable return top support, uses flexible anchor rods + steel mesh to consolidate the upper soil, and uses stone arch feet to improve its resistance to humid environments. The one-fold and one-fold retreat method masonry is effectively tied to the kiln face, the force is reasonable, and the integrity of the cave is ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the detachable and movable top-returning support in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a front structural schematic diagram of the detachable and movable top return support in the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 It is a side structural schematic diagram of the detachable and movable top return support in the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the detachable and movable top return support in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the steel pipe soil nail and the steel mesh in the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the steel mesh in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the steel pipe soil nail in the present invention.

[0036] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the cave dwelling after reinforcement and repair according to the present invention.

[0037] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the drainage structure on the top of the cave in the present invention.

[0038] Fig.10 yes Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of section 1-1.

[0039] Fig.11 yes Fig.10 Enlarged schematic diagram of part A.

[0040] In the figure: 1. cave; 2. track; 3. two-way wheel; 4. hydraulic support leg; 5. column; 6. supporting main beam; 7. outer connecting rod; 8. inner connecting rod; 9. limiting structure; 10. steel pipe soil nail; 11. steel mesh; 12. drainage structure; 13. bottom foundation; 14. stone arch foot; 15. arch leg; 16. arch top; 17. kiln face; 18. support frame; 19. barb; 20. grouting hole; 21. pressure top; 22. metal layer; 91. socket; 92. pin; 111. steel mesh; 112. reinforcing steel bar; 121. molded U-shaped drainage ditch; 122. protective layer; 123. drainage ditch guardrail; 124. cement mortar leveling layer; 125. root-resistant and anti-puncture waterproof membrane; 126. adhesive-mixed mortar; 127. high-viscosity asphalt sealant. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "inside", "outside", "top", "bottom", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "insertion", "connection", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for reinforcing and repairing existing damaged cave dwellings in loess areas, which specifically includes the following steps: 1) Install a removable and movable roof support in the cave The detachable and movable top-return support comprises two rails 2 and a plurality of arch supports.

[0045] The two rails 2 are fixed on the leveled ground inside the cave 1 by anchor bolts; a plurality of arch brackets are sequentially connected to form a whole and are slidably installed on the two rails 2.

[0046] The arch support includes two columns 5; an adjustable connecting rod is connected between the upper parts of the two columns 5 by high-strength bolts, and the distance between the two columns 5 can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the adjustable connecting rod; a supporting main beam 6 is connected between the tops of the two columns 5 by high-strength bolts, and the supporting main beam 6 is composed of multiple beam sections connected by high-strength bolts, and the overall shape of the supporting main beam 6 is consistent with the shape of the inner top of the cave 1; the bottom end of each column 5 is fixedly connected to a hydraulic support leg 4 equipped with a hydraulic system, and a support frame 18 is fixed on each side of the hydraulic support leg 4. The support frame 18 on the hydraulic support leg 4 can make the vertical direction of the overall support system more stable; a two-way wheel 3 is installed at the bottom of the support frame 18, and the two-way wheel 3 is rollingly clamped in the track 2 on the corresponding side.

[0047] Two adjustable connecting rods are connected between the supporting main beams 6 of two adjacent arch supports through high-strength bolts. The two adjustable connecting rods are placed on both sides of the supporting main beam 6. By adjusting the length of the two adjustable connecting rods, the distance between the two arch supports can be adjusted, which not only enhances stability but also facilitates adjustment.

[0048] The adjustable connecting rod includes two outer connecting rods 7, an inner connecting rod 8 is arranged between the two outer connecting rods 7, and the two sides of the inner connecting rod 8 are respectively slidably inserted in the two outer connecting rods 7, and the outer connecting rod 7 and the inner connecting rod 8 are connected by a limiting structure 9, wherein the outer ends of the two outer connecting rods 7 of the adjustable connecting rod for connecting the column 5 are respectively fixedly connected to the connecting column 5 on the corresponding side, and the outer ends of the two outer connecting rods 7 of the adjustable connecting rod for connecting the supporting main beam 6 are respectively fixedly connected to the supporting main beam 6 on the corresponding side.

[0049] The limiting structure 9 includes a socket 91 and a pin 92. A plurality of sockets 91 are evenly distributed on the outer connecting rod 7 along its length direction, and a plurality of sockets 91 are evenly distributed on the inner connecting rod 8 along its length direction. After the sockets 91 on the inner connecting rod 8 and the sockets 91 on the outer connecting rod 7 are aligned, the pin 92 is inserted and fixed by a nut to realize the connection between the inner connecting rod 8 and the outer connecting rod 7; when adjusting the length between the outer connecting rod 7 and the inner connecting rod 8, the pin 92 can be pulled out from the sockets 91 on the outer connecting rod 7 and the inner connecting rod 8 at the current position to adjust the length. After the adjustment is completed, the pin 92 is re-inserted into the sockets 91 on the outer connecting rod 7 and the inner connecting rod 8 and fixed with a nut to complete the adjustment.

[0050] The main support beam 6 is precisely positioned and tightly fitted to the top soil of the cave 1 by means of the hydraulic legs 4, thereby constructing a longitudinally and transversely integrated arched top support system, ensuring the safety of the internal working space and maximizing the use space inside the cave 1.

[0051] 2) Kiln roof soil cleaning and solidification There is a large amount of vegetation covering the top of the cave 1. The growth of the vegetation roots will affect the stability of the soil on the top of the cave body 1. Therefore, the trees and vegetation on the top of the cave 1 are cleared, and the roots of the trees and vegetation are strangled by chemical agents. The soil stabilizer solution is injected into the soil around the roots to stabilize and solidify the soil.

[0052] 3) Anchor soil reinforcement construction First, the loose internal surface of the cave 1 with severe top cracks, partial collapse and damage was cleaned, and the cleaning depth of the loose internal surface was 200mm.

[0053] After the cleaning is completed, multiple grouting sections are constructed on the kiln roof. The grouting sections are injected layer by layer from the inside to the outside, and the spacing between adjacent grouting sections is 1m. During the grouting section construction, five holes are evenly drilled in each grouting section, and a 3mm thick, φ33mm steel pipe soil nail 10 is driven into each hole. The outer surface of the steel pipe soil nail 10 is evenly provided with a number of barbs 19, and the barbs 19 are provided with grouting holes 20. The steel pipe soil nail 10 is filled with high-pressure grouting to make it dense, and the grouting is applied from the middle to both ends. Among them, the barbs 19 on the steel pipe soil nail 10 can make the steel pipe soil nail 10 more stably inserted into the soil of the kiln roof, and the grouting holes 20 on the barbs 19 can allow the grouting driven into the steel pipe soil nail 10 to enter the soil of the kiln roof.

[0054] After the grouting is completed, a steel mesh 11 is laid on the kiln roof and firmly welded to the steel pipe soil nails 10. The steel mesh 11 is composed of an A6@200mm steel mesh sheet 111 and a C16@500mm reinforcing steel bar 112. Then, a 80mm thick concrete surface layer is sprayed to ensure the stability of the kiln roof soil. 4) Brick lining reinforcement construction As the detachable and movable return support moves out of the cave dwelling 1, stone arch feet 14 with a thickness of 240 mm and a height of 500 mm are built on both sides of the bottom of the cave dwelling 1. The stone arch feet 14 are 300 mm higher than the ground inside the cave dwelling 1, and the bottom foundation 13 is built on the ground between the stone arch feet 14; 240 mm thick non-clay solid brick arch legs 15 are built above the stone arch feet 14; the arch top 16 is built by a one-roll and one-fall retreat method, with each brick retreated half a brick to leave a joint, so as to ensure the strength, rigidity and stability of the arch.

[0055] When building the arch, it should be done symmetrically from both sides to the center. The center position of the arch should be consistent front and back. The arch should be capped within 24 hours. The 16 bricks on the arch top should be cut into a wedge shape, and the gap between the brick lining and the original soil of the cave 1 should be filled with cement mortar.

[0056] 5) Kiln face construction After cleaning the kiln face 17 that was washed and cracked by rain, a steel bar was tied at intervals of 500mm at the junction of the cave 1 and the kiln face 17 to prevent cracking due to different stresses in the base layer; the foundation of the kiln face 17 is made of stone together with the bottom foundation 13, with a width of 850mm. The burial depth of the kiln face 17 foundation is not less than the local frozen soil depth to resist the damage of the underground humid environment to the foundation. The wall thickness of the kiln face 17 is 370mm, and ventilation holes are left.

[0057] 6) Interior surface construction Imitation straw mud inorganic finishing mortar is used and evenly applied to the interior surface of Cave Dwelling 1; after construction, the natural texture and retro effect of straw mud can be perfectly reproduced. Compared with ordinary straw clay finishes, it has mildew-proof, waterproof, self-cleaning and other properties, effectively blocking moisture penetration, ensuring that the wall remains dry for a long time, and reducing moisture damage to Cave Dwelling 1.

[0058] 7) Construction of drainage structure on the top of the cave The drainage structure 12 includes a finished U-shaped drainage ditch 121, a protective layer 122, a drainage ditch guardrail 123, a cement mortar leveling layer 124, a root-resistant and puncture-proof waterproof membrane 125, a glue-added adhesive mortar 126 and a high-viscosity asphalt sealant 127.

[0059] First, the covering soil is finely leveled, and the installation position of the finished U-shaped drainage ditch 121 and the drainage ditch guardrail 123 is reserved. A 50mm thick cement mortar leveling layer 124 is laid to ensure that the foundation is flat and intact; after strengthening the treatment of the corners, the root-resistant and puncture-proof waterproof membrane 125 is laid on the large surface and turned up to the bottom of the pressure top 21 of the kiln face 17. The metal layer 22 is fixed and the gap is sealed with sealant to ensure that there are no wrinkles or warping edges, forming a continuous and complete waterproof barrier; after the finished U-shaped drainage ditch 121 and the drainage ditch guardrail 123 are installed, The interface is filled with adhesive-added mortar 126, which is tightly bonded to the finished U-shaped drain ditch 121 and the root-resistant and puncture-proof waterproof membrane 125, and high-viscosity asphalt sealant 127 is used to finely seal the seams; the finished U-shaped drain ditch 121 is tilted from the middle to both ends with a slope of 5%, and C20 fine stone concrete is poured on both sides of the finished U-shaped drain ditch 121 as a protective layer 122, and the protective layer 122 is tilted toward the finished U-shaped drain ditch 121 with a slope of 7%, ensuring that the kiln roof waterproofing system is stable and effective, avoiding water accumulation and seepage problems.

[0060] 8) Technical quality requirements (1) Before welding, clean the steel mesh 11 and steel pipe soil nails 10, remove the oil, rust and other dirt on them, and ensure that the welding area is clean.

[0061] (2) Bricks should be properly watered before use to increase their rigidity, reduce their absorption of mortar moisture, and maintain a uniform drying speed between bricks and mortar.

[0062] (3) During construction, attention should be paid to the horizontality and verticality of the brick wall and the fullness of the mortar joints.

[0063] By those skilled in the art, all electrical components in this embodiment are connected to their corresponding power supplies through wires, and a suitable controller should be selected according to actual conditions to meet control requirements. The specific connection and control sequence should refer to the following working principle, and the electrical connections between the electrical components are completed in the order of working in sequence. The detailed connection means are well-known technologies in the art. The following mainly introduces the working principles and processes, and no longer explains the electrical control.

[0064] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of more restrictions. The sentence "includes an element defined by ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element".

[0065] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A construction method for reinforcing and repairing damaged cave dwellings in loess areas. It is characterized in that The steps include: 1) Install a removable and movable roof support in the cave The detachable and movable top-return support comprises two rails (2) and a plurality of arch supports; The two rails (2) are fixed to the leveled ground inside the cave (1) by means of anchor bolts; a plurality of arched brackets are sequentially connected to form a whole and are slidably mounted on the two rails (2); The arch support comprises two columns (5); an adjustable connecting rod is connected between the upper parts of the two columns (5) by high-strength bolts, and the distance between the two columns (5) can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the adjustable connecting rod; a supporting main beam (6) is connected between the top ends of the two columns (5) by high-strength bolts, and the supporting main beam (6) is formed by connecting a plurality of beam sections by high-strength bolts, and the overall shape of the supporting main beam (6) is consistent with the shape of the inner top of the cave (1); the bottom end of each column (5) is fixedly connected to a hydraulic support leg (4), and a support frame (18) is fixedly connected to each of the two sides of the hydraulic support leg (4), and a two-way wheel (3) is installed at the bottom of the support frame (18), and the two-way wheel (3) is rollingly engaged in the track (2) on the corresponding side; Two adjustable connecting rods are connected between the supporting main beams (6) of two adjacent arch supports by high-strength bolts. The two adjustable connecting rods are disposed on both sides of the supporting main beam (6). By adjusting the length of the two adjustable connecting rods, the distance between the two arch supports can be adjusted. The main support beam (6) is precisely positioned and tightly fitted to the top soil of the cave (1) by using hydraulic legs (4), thereby constructing a vertically and horizontally integrated arched top support system, thereby ensuring the safety of the internal working space and maximally retaining the use space inside the cave (1); 2) Kiln roof soil cleaning and solidification The trees and vegetation on the top of the cave (1) are cleared, the roots of the trees and vegetation are strangled with chemical agents, and a soil stabilizer solution is injected into the soil around the roots to stabilize and solidify the soil; 3) Anchor soil reinforcement construction First, clean the loose surface of the cave dwelling (1) with severe top cracks, partial collapse and damage; After the cleaning is completed, multiple grouting sections are constructed on the kiln roof, and the grouting sections are grouted layer by layer from the inside to the outside; during the grouting section construction, five holes are evenly drilled in each grouting section, and a steel pipe soil nail (10) is driven into each hole. The outer surface of the steel pipe soil nail (10) is evenly provided with a plurality of barbs (19), and the barbs (19) are provided with grouting holes (20). The steel pipe soil nail (10) is used for high-pressure grouting to fill the kiln roof tightly, and the grouting is carried out from the middle to both ends; After the grouting is completed, a steel mesh (11) is laid on the kiln roof and firmly welded to the steel pipe soil nails (10); then a concrete surface layer is sprayed to ensure the stability of the kiln roof soil; 4) Brick lining reinforcement construction As the detachable and movable return support moves out of the cave dwelling (1), stone arch feet (14) are built on both sides of the bottom of the cave dwelling (1), the stone arch feet (14) are set higher than the ground inside the cave dwelling (1), and the bottom foundation (13) is built on the ground between the stone arch feet (14); non-clay solid brick arch legs (15) are built above the stone arch feet (14); the arch top (16) is built by a one-roll and one-fall back method, with each brick retreated halfway to leave a gap, so as to ensure the strength, rigidity and stability of the arch; 5) Kiln face construction After cleaning the kiln face (17) that has been washed and cracked by rainwater, a steel bar is tied at intervals of 500 mm at the junction of the cave (1) and the kiln face (17) to prevent cracking due to different stresses in the base layer; the foundation of the kiln face (17) is constructed using the stone masonry method together with the bottom foundation (13); 6) Interior surface construction; Imitation straw mud inorganic facing mortar is used and evenly applied to the interior surface of cave dwelling 1; 7) Construction of drainage structure on the top of the cave The drainage structure (12) includes a finished U-shaped drainage ditch (121), a protective layer (122), a drainage ditch guardrail (123), a cement mortar leveling layer (124), a root-resistant and puncture-proof waterproof membrane (125), a mortar mixed with a glue-bonding agent (126), and a high-viscosity asphalt sealing paste (127); The covering soil is finely leveled, and the installation positions of the finished U-shaped drainage ditch (121) and the drainage ditch guardrail (123) are reserved. A cement mortar leveling layer (124) is laid to ensure that the foundation is flat and intact; after strengthening the treatment of the corners, a root-resistant and puncture-proof waterproof membrane (125) is laid on the large surface and turned up to the bottom of the pressure top (21) of the kiln face (17). The metal layer (22) is fixed and closed, and the gap is sealed with a sealant to ensure that there are no wrinkles or warped edges, so as to form a continuous and complete waterproof barrier; After the finished U-shaped drainage ditch (121) and the drainage ditch guardrail (123) are installed, the interface is filled with adhesive-added adhesive mortar (126), and the seams are finely sealed with high-viscosity asphalt sealing paste (127); C20 fine stone concrete is poured on both sides of the finished U-shaped drainage ditch (121) as a protective layer (122) to ensure that the kiln roof waterproofing system is stable and effective and to avoid water accumulation and seepage problems.

2. The method for reinforcing and repairing damaged cave dwellings in loess areas according to claim 1, Features: In step 1), the adjustable connecting rod comprises two outer connecting rods (7), an inner connecting rod (8) is arranged between the two outer connecting rods (7), the two sides of the inner connecting rod (8) are respectively slidably inserted into the two outer connecting rods (7), and the outer connecting rod (7) and the inner connecting rod (8) are connected by a limiting structure (9), wherein the outer ends of the two outer connecting rods (7) of the adjustable connecting rod for connecting the column (5) are respectively fixedly connected to the connecting column (5) on the corresponding side, and the outer ends of the two outer connecting rods (7) of the adjustable connecting rod for connecting the supporting main beam (6) are respectively fixedly connected to the supporting main beam (6) on the corresponding side.

3. The method for reinforcing and repairing damaged cave dwellings in loess areas according to claim 2, Features: The limiting structure (9) comprises a socket (91) and a latch (92); the outer connecting rod (7) is provided with a plurality of sockets (91) evenly distributed along its length direction; the inner connecting rod (8) is provided with a plurality of sockets (91) evenly distributed along its length direction; the sockets (91) on the inner connecting rod (8) and the sockets (91) on the outer connecting rod (7) are aligned, and then the latch (92) is inserted to achieve connection between the inner connecting rod (8) and the outer connecting rod (7).

4. The method for reinforcing and repairing damaged cave dwellings in loess areas according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Features: In step 3), the depth of cleaning the internal loose surface is 200 mm; the spacing between adjacent grouting sections is 1 m; the wall thickness of the steel pipe soil nail (10) is 3 mm and the diameter is φ33 mm; the steel mesh (11) is composed of A6@200 mm steel mesh (111) and C16@500 mm reinforcing steel bars (112); and the thickness of the sprayed concrete surface layer is 80 mm.

5. The method for reinforcing and repairing damaged cave dwellings in loess areas according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Features: In step 4), the thickness of the stone arch foot (14) is 240 mm and the height is 500 mm. The stone arch foot (14) is 300 mm above the ground inside the cave (1); the thickness of the non-clay solid brick arch leg (15) is 240 mm.

6. The method for reinforcing and repairing damaged cave dwellings in loess areas according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Features: In step 4), when building the arch ring, the process is symmetrical from both sides to the center, and the center position of the arch is kept consistent. The arch ring is capped within 24 hours, and the bricks of the arch top (16) are cut into wedge shapes. The gap between the brick lining and the original soil of the cave (1) is filled with cement mortar.

7. The method for reinforcing and repairing damaged cave dwellings in loess regions according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Features: In step 5), the width of the kiln face (17) foundation is 850 mm, and the buried depth of the kiln face (17) foundation is not less than the local frozen soil depth to resist the damage of the underground humid environment to the foundation. The wall thickness of the kiln face (17) is 370 mm, and ventilation holes are reserved.

8. The method for reinforcing and repairing damaged cave dwellings in loess regions according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Features: In step 7), the laying thickness of the cement mortar leveling layer (124) is 50 mm, the protective layer (122) is inclined toward the finished U-shaped drainage ditch (121) with a slope of 7%, and the finished U-shaped drainage ditch (121) is inclined from the middle to both ends with a slope of 5%.

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