Novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system, and relates to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The cell and heat management system consists of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell body, an air blower, an active heat pump, a solid hydrogen storage bottle, a controller and an environment temperature sensor; according to the system, waste heat generated in the operation process of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body is conducted to the solid hydrogen storage bottle through the active heat pump to provide necessary activation energy for the hydrogen storage bottle, so that the temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body is effectively controlled within the optimal working range, and the energy required for activating the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle is saved; the energy utilization efficiency of the system is remarkably improved, and the system has a wide application prospect and is expected to play an important role in a future energy system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, in particular to a novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous increase in global energy demand and the increasingly serious environmental pollution problem, the development of clean and efficient energy technology has become a top priority. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered to be one of the key technologies for future energy conversion due to their high efficiency, environmental protection, and fast start-up.

[0003] In the prior art, for example, in the Chinese patent publication number: CN112331878B, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is disclosed, comprising a proton exchange membrane, one side of the proton exchange membrane is provided with an anode catalyst layer, an anode gas diffusion layer and an anode plate in order from the inside to the outside; the other side of the proton exchange membrane is provided with a cathode catalyst layer, a water transport gas diffusion layer and a guide plate; the water transport gas diffusion layer is provided with a double-layer water transport gas channel, the guide plate is provided with a guide gas channel on one side close to the gas diffusion layer, the guide gas channel contains at least one guide direct flow channel, and the two side walls of the guide direct flow channel are provided with a fin-shaped guide structure. The present invention combines the water transport function of the water transport gas diffusion layer with the guide function of the guide bipolar plate, solves the contradiction between the removal of liquid water in the gas diffusion layer and the transmission of liquid water in the gas channel of the bipolar plate, improves the water management ability of the battery, improves the battery performance, and prolongs the service life of the membrane electrode and the battery.

[0004] Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) generate a large amount of waste heat during operation. How to efficiently manage this heat is an important factor affecting its performance and life. Hydrogen energy, as a clean, high-energy-density energy source, is widely considered to be an important component of future energy. Among them, magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials have become a hot topic in hydrogen energy storage research due to their high hydrogen storage capacity and low cost. However, the hydrogen storage process of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials requires higher activation energy, which limits their promotion in practical applications.

[0005] Therefore, we proposed a new proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system to solve the problem that the hydrogen storage process of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material proposed in the above background technology requires a relatively high activation energy, which limits its promotion in practical applications and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell PEMFC generates a large amount of waste heat during operation, and how to efficiently manage this heat.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system, comprising a shell component: a battery and a thermal management system are arranged inside the shell component, and the battery and thermal management system are composed of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell body, a blower, an active heat pump, a solid hydrogen storage bottle, a controller and an ambient temperature sensor; an air input pipe is arranged on the outer surface of one side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body, one end of the air input pipe is connected to the air outlet of the blower, and a cold air input pipe and a hydrogen input pipe are arranged on the outer surface of the other side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body near the bottom, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body is electrically connected to the active heat pump through a circuit.

[0008] Preferably, the outside of the solid hydrogen storage bottle is wrapped with a hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer, the inside of the hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer is provided with a heat conduction channel, and a hydrogen storage bottle bracket is installed at the bottom of the hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer. The hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer is mainly used to reduce the heat loss of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle and reduce the activation energy requirement of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, while the inside of the hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer is used to accommodate the heat delivered by the active heat pump to provide activation energy for the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle. The hydrogen storage bottle bracket is welded from four angle steels and a steel plate, and is used to support the installation of the solid hydrogen storage bottle.

[0009] Preferably, an energy storage battery is installed on the inner top of the hydrogen storage bottle bracket, a hydrogen storage bottle heater is installed inside the solid hydrogen storage bottle, and the hydrogen storage bottle heater and the energy storage battery are electrically connected through a circuit. The hydrogen storage bottle heater is composed of six thermal resistors and can convert electrical energy into thermal energy. When the heat inside the heat conduction channel is not enough to activate the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, the energy storage battery will intervene and provide electrical energy to the hydrogen storage bottle heater to generate sufficient heat to activate the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle. The positive and negative electrodes of the energy storage battery and the input and output ends of the hydrogen storage bottle heater are electrically connected through internal circuits.

[0010] Preferably, heat-conducting pipelines are fixedly connected between the cold air input pipe and the cold end of the active heat pump and between the insulation layer of the hydrogen storage bottle and the hot end of the active heat pump, and the heat-conducting channel is connected to one end of one of the heat-conducting pipelines. A cooling fan is installed on the outside of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body. The interior of the heat-conducting pipeline connected to the cold air input pipe is composed of two pipelines, one of which is mainly used to discharge the waste heat generated during the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body. When the active heat pump absorbs the low-temperature waste heat through the heat-conducting pipeline, it will absorb heat from the low-temperature waste heat by consuming a small amount of electric energy and convert it into high-temperature heat energy, and then transport it to the heat-conducting channel inside the insulation layer of the hydrogen storage bottle through another heat-conducting pipeline to provide the required activation energy. In addition, the cold air generated by the evaporation and condensation of the refrigerant in the active heat pump will be input into the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body through another pipeline inside the cold air input pipe to cool it. When the temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body is difficult to effectively reduce in hot weather, the externally installed cooling fan plays an auxiliary heat dissipation effect.

[0011] Preferably, the shell assembly includes a containing shell, a rear surface of which is provided with an air inlet hole, a top cover is installed on the top of the containing shell, and bolts are installed on the top of the top cover near the four corners, the bottom end of the bolt passes through the top cover and is threadedly connected to the top of the containing shell, and the top cover is fixed to the top of the containing shell by bolts to form a closed protective shell, which serves to protect the internal structure and improves the service life of the device.

[0012] Preferably, an opening matching the cooling fan is provided on the front side of the containment shell, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body, active heat pump, hydrogen storage bottle holder and controller are all installed on the inner bottom of the containment shell, the ambient temperature sensor is installed on the inner wall of the containment shell close to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body, and the blower is installed on the outer surface of one side of the containment shell. After the cooling fan is started, the heat emitted from the inside of the containment shell and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body can be discharged to the outside, which can provide good auxiliary heat dissipation effect in hot weather. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell body, active heat pump, hydrogen storage bottle holder and controller are all fixed to the inner bottom surface of the containment shell through connectors, the ambient temperature sensor is fixed to the inner wall of the containment shell through connectors, and the blower is installed on the outside of the containment shell through connectors, so that all structures form a solid whole to ensure stability during use.

[0013] Preferably, a hydrogen delivery pipe for delivering hydrogen is fixedly connected between the hydrogen outlet of the solid hydrogen storage bottle and the hydrogen input pipe. The solid hydrogen storage bottle is a device that uses a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material to store hydrogen. The basic principle is that magnesium and hydrogen can undergo a reversible reaction to form magnesium hydride to store hydrogen. When the solid hydrogen storage bottle obtains sufficient activation energy under high temperature conditions, it will decompose into magnesium and hydrogen. The generated hydrogen will be delivered to the hydrogen input pipe of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body through the hydrogen delivery pipe. At this time, the cathode and anode in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body respectively obtain hydrogen and oxygen in the air and react to generate the required electrical energy.

[0014] Preferably, a first temperature sensor is installed on the outside of the insulation layer of the hydrogen storage bottle, and the detection end of the first temperature sensor passes through the insulation layer of the hydrogen storage bottle and extends to the inside of the solid hydrogen storage bottle. A thin film temperature sensor is installed on the outer surface of one side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body. The first temperature sensor is mainly used to detect the temperature inside the solid hydrogen storage bottle, so as to determine whether a reaction will occur and release hydrogen. The thin film temperature sensor is mainly used to detect the temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body during operation, and to determine whether cooling and heat dissipation are required to ensure working performance.

[0015] Preferably, the cathode and anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body are electrically connected to power terminals, the ends of the power terminals pass through the top cover and extend outward to supply power to external devices. When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body obtains the required hydrogen and oxygen to react and generate electrical energy, the power terminals on the cathode and anode can be used to supply power to external devices.

[0016] Preferably, the controller is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor, the thin film temperature sensor, the ambient temperature sensor, the blower, the cooling fan, the energy storage battery, and the active heat pump. The controller uses an STM32 single-chip microcomputer. The temperature values ​​of the ambient temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor, and the thin film temperature sensor are input by the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) pin of the STM32 single-chip microcomputer controller and the temperature values ​​are obtained by calculation. The cooling fan and the blower are driven by a dual-channel DC motor drive board module (H-bridge L298 logic), and the drive signal is controlled by the PWM signal output by the STM32 single-chip microcomputer ordinary timer TIM2 and TIM3. The single-chip microcomputer ordinary timer TIM4 outputs a PWM signal to control the DC voltage regulator, thereby driving the active heat pump to work.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. This system uses an active heat pump to transfer the waste heat generated during the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body to the solid hydrogen storage bottle to provide the necessary activation energy for the hydrogen storage bottle, thereby effectively controlling the temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body within the optimal working range and saving the energy required to activate the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle. This not only significantly improves the energy utilization efficiency of the system, but also has broad application prospects and is expected to play an important role in future energy systems.

[0019] 2. The temperature values ​​of the ambient temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor and the thin film temperature sensor in this system are calculated by the controller. In order to cope with the complex and changeable external environment, this system is equipped with three temperature sensors, which are placed in the corresponding external environments of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body and the containment shell, respectively, for real-time monitoring of each temperature, and adopting fuzzy control logic to adjust the energy supply strategy according to the temperatures of the three. The control logic is that when the external environment is hot and the cold end of the active heat pump is not enough to dissipate the heat for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body, the cooling fan will work. After the cooling fan is started, the heat emitted from the containment shell and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body will be discharged to the outside, which can provide good auxiliary heat dissipation effect in hot weather.

[0020] 3. When the external environment is cold and the hot end of the active heat pump is not sufficient to provide activation energy for the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle, the controller controls the hydrogen storage bottle heater to work and assist in providing activation energy, thereby ensuring that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body can operate stably in a complex and changeable environment, ensuring its reliability during use, and has broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of the novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is an expanded view of the novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the blower structure of the novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell main body of the novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a partial structural top view of the novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of a solid hydrogen storage bottle of the novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a flow chart of the novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure:

[0029] 1. Shell assembly; 101. Containment shell; 102. Air inlet; 103. Top cover; 104. Bolt; 2. Battery and thermal management system; 201. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell body; 202. Power terminal; 203. Air input pipe; 204. Blower; 205. Active heat pump; 206. Cold air input pipe; 207. Hydrogen input pipe; 208. Solid hydrogen storage bottle; 209. Hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer; 210. Heat conduction channel; 211. Hydrogen storage bottle heater; 212. Hydrogen delivery pipe; 213. First temperature sensor; 214. Controller; 215. Ambient temperature sensor; 216. Energy storage battery; 217. Cooling fan; 218. Thin film temperature sensor; 219. Hydrogen storage bottle bracket; 220. Heat conduction pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the implementation regulations described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] See also Figure 1-Figure 7 The present invention provides a technical solution: a novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system, comprising a shell component 1: a battery and a thermal management system 2 are arranged inside the shell component 1, and the battery and thermal management system 2 is composed of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201, a blower 204, an active heat pump 205, a solid hydrogen storage bottle 208, a controller 214 and an ambient temperature sensor 215. An air input pipe 203 is arranged on the outer surface of one side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201, and one end of the air input pipe 203 is connected to the air outlet of the blower 204. A cold air input pipe 206 and a hydrogen input pipe 207 are arranged on the outer surface of the other side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 near the bottom, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 is electrically connected to the active heat pump 205 through a line.

[0032] The outside of the solid hydrogen storage bottle 208 is wrapped with a hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer 209, and a heat conduction channel 210 is arranged inside the hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer 209. A hydrogen storage bottle bracket 219 is installed at the bottom of the hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer 209. The hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer 209 is mainly used to reduce the heat loss of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle 208 and reduce the activation energy requirement of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material. The inside of the hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer 209 is used to accommodate the heat delivered by the active heat pump 205 to provide activation energy for the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle 208. The hydrogen storage bottle bracket 219 is welded by four angle steels and a steel plate, and is used to support and install the solid hydrogen storage bottle 208.

[0033] An energy storage battery 216 is installed on the inner top of the hydrogen storage bottle bracket 219, and a hydrogen storage bottle heater 211 is installed inside the solid hydrogen storage bottle 208, and the hydrogen storage bottle heater 211 and the energy storage battery 216 are electrically connected through a circuit. The hydrogen storage bottle heater 211 is composed of six thermal resistors and can convert electrical energy into thermal energy. When the heat inside the heat conduction channel 210 is not enough to activate the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, the energy storage battery 216 will intervene and provide electrical energy to the hydrogen storage bottle heater 211 to generate sufficient heat to activate the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle 208. The positive and negative electrodes of the energy storage battery 216 and the input and output ends of the hydrogen storage bottle heater 211 are electrically connected through internal circuits.

[0034] A heat-conducting pipe 220 is fixedly connected between the cold air input pipe 206 and the cold end of the active heat pump 205 and between the insulation layer 209 of the hydrogen storage bottle and the hot end of the active heat pump 205, and the heat-conducting channel 210 is connected to one end of one of the heat-conducting pipes 220. A cooling fan 217 is installed on the outside of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201. The heat-conducting pipe 220 connected to the cold air input pipe 206 is composed of two pipes, one of which is mainly used to discharge the waste heat generated during the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201. When the active heat pump 205 absorbs the low-temperature waste heat through the heat-conducting pipe 220, it will pass A small amount of electric energy is consumed to absorb heat from low-temperature waste heat and convert it into high-temperature thermal energy, which is then transported to the heat conduction channel 210 inside the insulation layer 209 of the hydrogen storage bottle through another heat conduction pipe 220 to provide the required activation energy, and the active heat pump 205 uses the cold air generated during the evaporation and condensation of the refrigerant to be input into the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 through another pipe inside the cold air input pipe 206 to cool it. When the temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 is difficult to effectively reduce in hot weather, the externally installed cooling fan 217 plays an auxiliary heat dissipation effect.

[0035] The outer shell assembly 1 includes a containing shell 101, the rear surface of which is provided with an air inlet 102, a top cover 103 is installed on the top of the containing shell 101, and bolts 104 are installed on the top of the top cover 103 near the four corners, the bottom end of the bolt 104 passes through the top cover 103 and is threadedly connected to the top of the containing shell 101, and the top cover 103 is fixedly installed on the top of the containing shell 101 by the bolts 104 to form a closed protective shell, which serves to protect the internal structure and improves the service life of the device.

[0036] An opening matching the cooling fan 217 is provided on the front side of the containment shell 101. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201, the active heat pump 205, the hydrogen storage bottle bracket 219 and the controller 214 are all installed on the inner bottom of the containment shell 101. The ambient temperature sensor 215 is installed on the inner wall of the containment shell 101 near the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201. The blower 204 is installed on the outer surface of one side of the containment shell 101. After the cooling fan 217 is started, the heat emitted from the inside of the containment shell 101 and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 can be discharged to the outside, which can provide a good auxiliary heat dissipation effect in hot weather. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201, the active heat pump 205, the hydrogen storage bottle bracket 219 and the controller 214 are all fixed to the inner bottom surface of the containment shell 101 through a connector. The ambient temperature sensor 215 is fixed to the inner wall of the containment shell 101 through a connector, and the blower 204 is installed on the outside of the containment shell 101 through a connector, so that all structures form a solid whole to ensure stability during use.

[0037] A hydrogen delivery pipe 212 for delivering hydrogen is fixedly connected between the hydrogen outlet of the solid hydrogen storage bottle 208 and the hydrogen input pipe 207. The solid hydrogen storage bottle 208 is a device that uses a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material to store hydrogen. The basic principle is that magnesium and hydrogen can undergo a reversible reaction to form magnesium hydride to store hydrogen. When the solid hydrogen storage bottle 208 obtains sufficient activation energy under high temperature conditions, it will decompose into magnesium and hydrogen. The generated hydrogen will be delivered to the hydrogen input pipe 207 of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 through the hydrogen delivery pipe 212. At this time, the cathode and anode in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 respectively obtain hydrogen and oxygen in the air and react to generate the required electrical energy.

[0038] A first temperature sensor 213 is installed on the outside of the hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer 209, and the detection end of the first temperature sensor 213 passes through the hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer 209 and extends to the inside of the solid hydrogen storage bottle 208. A thin film temperature sensor 218 is installed on the outer surface of one side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201. The first temperature sensor 213 is mainly used to detect the temperature inside the solid hydrogen storage bottle 208, so as to determine whether a reaction will occur and release hydrogen. The thin film temperature sensor 218 is mainly used to detect the temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 during operation, and to determine whether cooling and heat dissipation are required to ensure working performance.

[0039] The cathode and anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 are electrically connected to the power terminal 202. The end of the power terminal 202 passes through the top cover 103 and extends outward to supply power to external devices. When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 obtains the required hydrogen and oxygen to react and generate electrical energy, the power terminals 202 on the cathode and anode can be used to supply power to external devices.

[0040] The controller 214 is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor 213, the thin film temperature sensor 218, the ambient temperature sensor 215, the blower 204, the cooling fan 217, the energy storage battery 216, and the active heat pump 205. The controller 214 uses an STM32 single-chip microcomputer. The temperature values ​​of the ambient temperature sensor 215, the first temperature sensor 213, and the thin film temperature sensor 218 are input by the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) pin of the STM32 single-chip microcomputer controller 214 and the temperature values ​​are obtained by calculation. The cooling fan 217 and the blower 204 are driven by a dual-channel DC motor drive board module (H-bridge L298 logic). The drive signal is controlled by the PWM signal output by the STM32 single-chip microcomputer ordinary timer TIM2 and TIM3. The single-chip microcomputer ordinary timer TIM4 outputs a PWM signal to control the DC voltage regulator, thereby driving the active heat pump 205 to work.

[0041] The method of using and working principle of this device: When this system is started, the energy storage battery 216 will give priority to supplying electric energy to the hydrogen storage bottle heater 211 in the solid hydrogen storage bottle 208. At this time, the solid hydrogen storage bottle 208 converts the electric energy into heat energy and activates the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle 208. When the activation of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle 208 is completed, the energy storage battery 216 stops functioning, and the active heat pump 205 extracts waste heat from the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 through a pipe in the cold air input pipe 206. When the low-temperature waste heat is absorbed, it will be converted into high-temperature heat energy, and then it will be transported to the heat conduction channel 210 inside the hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer 209 through another heat conduction pipe 220 to provide the required activation energy, and the active heat pump 205 uses the cold air generated during the evaporation and condensation of the refrigerant to be input into the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 through another pipe inside the cold air input pipe 206 to cool it down. The magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle 208 will decompose into magnesium and hydrogen, and the generated hydrogen will be sent to the hydrogen input pipe 207 of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 through the hydrogen delivery pipe 212. At this time, the cathode and anode in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 respectively obtain hydrogen and oxygen in the air and react to generate the required electrical energy, and the generated electrical energy can be used to power external equipment through the power terminals 202 on the cathode and anode. The system conducts the waste heat generated during the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 to the solid hydrogen storage bottle 208 through the active heat pump 205 to provide it with the necessary activation energy, thereby effectively controlling the temperature of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 within the optimal working range and saving the energy required to activate the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle 208. This not only significantly improves the energy utilization efficiency of the system, but also has a broad application prospect and is expected to play an important role in future energy systems.

[0042] At the same time, the temperature values ​​of the ambient temperature sensor 215, the first temperature sensor 213 and the thin film temperature sensor 218 in the system are input by the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) pin of the STM32 single-chip controller 214 and the temperature values ​​are calculated. The cooling fan 217 and the blower 204 are driven by a dual-channel DC motor drive board module (H-bridge L298 logic). In order to cope with the complex and changeable external environment, the system is equipped with three temperature sensors, which are respectively placed in the corresponding external environments of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle 208, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 and the containment shell 101, for real-time monitoring of each temperature, and using fuzzy control logic to implement energy supply strategy adjustment according to the temperatures of the three. The control logic is that when the external environment is hot and the cold end of the active heat pump 205 is not sufficient to dissipate the heat for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201, the cooling fan 217 works. After the cooling fan 217 is started, the heat emitted from the inside of the containment shell 101 and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 is discharged to the outside, which can provide a good auxiliary heat dissipation effect in hot weather. When the external environment is cold, when the hot end of the active heat pump 205 is not sufficient to provide activation energy for the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage bottle 208, the hydrogen storage bottle heater 211 works to assist in providing activation energy, thereby ensuring that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201 can operate stably in a complex and changeable environment, ensuring reliability during use, and having broad application prospects.

[0043] The wiring diagram of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201, the power terminal 202, the blower 204, the active heat pump 205, the hydrogen storage bottle heater 211, the first temperature sensor 213, the controller 214, the ambient temperature sensor 215, the energy storage battery 216, the cooling fan 217 and the thin film temperature sensor 218 in the present invention belongs to the common knowledge in the field, and its working principle is a well-known technology. The model is selected according to the actual use. Therefore, the control method and wiring arrangement of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body 201, the power terminal 202, the blower 204, the active heat pump 205, the hydrogen storage bottle heater 211, the first temperature sensor 213, the controller 214, the ambient temperature sensor 215, the energy storage battery 216, the cooling fan 217 and the thin film temperature sensor 218 are no longer explained in detail.

[0044] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system, characterized in that: It comprises a housing component (1), wherein a battery and a thermal management system (2) are arranged inside the housing component (1); The battery and thermal management system (2) is composed of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell body (201), a blower (204), an active heat pump (205), a solid hydrogen storage bottle (208), a controller (214) and an ambient temperature sensor (215); An air inlet pipe (203) is provided on one side outer surface of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body (201), one end of the air inlet pipe (203) is connected to an air outlet of a blower (204), a cold air inlet pipe (206) and a hydrogen inlet pipe (207) are provided on the other side outer surface of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body (201) near the bottom, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body (201) is electrically connected to an active heat pump (205) through a circuit.

2. The novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outside of the solid hydrogen storage bottle (208) is wrapped with a hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer (209), the inside of the hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer (209) is provided with a heat conduction channel (210), and the bottom of the hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer (209) is installed with a hydrogen storage bottle bracket (219).

3. The novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: An energy storage battery (216) is installed on the inner top of the hydrogen storage bottle bracket (219), a hydrogen storage bottle heater (211) is installed inside the solid hydrogen storage bottle (208), and the hydrogen storage bottle heater (211) and the energy storage battery (216) are electrically connected through a circuit.

4. The novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system according to claim 3 is characterized by: A heat conduction pipeline (220) is fixedly connected between the cold air input pipe (206) and the cold end of the active heat pump (205) and between the hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer (209) and the hot end of the active heat pump (205), and the heat conduction channel (210) is connected to one end of one of the heat conduction pipelines (220). A heat dissipation fan (217) is installed outside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body (201).

5. The novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The housing assembly (1) comprises a containing shell (101), the rear surface of the containing shell (101) is provided with an air inlet hole (102), the top of the containing shell (101) is installed with a top cover (103), and bolts (104) are installed at positions near the top of the top cover (103) near the four corners, and the bottom ends of the bolts (104) penetrate the top cover (103) and are threadedly connected to the top of the containing shell (101).

6. The novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The front side of the containment shell (101) is provided with an opening matching the heat dissipation fan (217); the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body (201), the active heat pump (205), the hydrogen storage bottle bracket (219) and the controller (214) are all installed on the inner bottom of the containment shell (101); the ambient temperature sensor (215) is installed on the inner wall of the containment shell (101) close to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body (201); and the blower (204) is installed on one side outer surface of the containment shell (101).

7. The novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A hydrogen delivery pipe (212) for delivering hydrogen is fixedly connected between the hydrogen outlet of the solid hydrogen storage bottle (208) and the hydrogen input pipe (207).

8. The novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: A first temperature sensor (213) is installed outside the hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer (209), and a detection end of the first temperature sensor (213) penetrates the hydrogen storage bottle insulation layer (209) and extends to the inside of the solid hydrogen storage bottle (208), and a thin film temperature sensor (218) is installed on the outer surface of one side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body (201).

9. The novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The cathode and anode of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell body (201) are both electrically connected to a power connection terminal (202), and the end of the power connection terminal (202) passes through the top cover (103) and extends outward to supply power to external equipment.

10. The novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell-magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage coupled thermal management system according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The controller (214) is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor (213), the thin film temperature sensor (218), the ambient temperature sensor (215), the blower (204), the cooling fan (217), the energy storage battery (216), and the active heat pump (205).

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