A simulation system and experimental method for erodible substrate granular flow process

Abstract

A system and experimental method for simulating the process of erodible substrate particle flow, the system includes a chute system, an erodible substrate simulation system and a control and data acquisition system. The chute system realizes the velocity acquisition and deposition of the particle flow through a material bin, a gate, a chute section and a deposition platform. The erodible substrate simulation system simulates the flow particles and the erodible substrate, and uses fine support rods to connect the substrate particles to simulate the erosion effect. The control and data acquisition system monitors and records the flow process through a three-axis force sensor, a 3D scanner and a high-speed camera, and the processing module is responsible for data reception and processing. The present invention can effectively realize the experimental simulation of the entire process of erodible substrate particle flow, accurately simulate the interaction between the particle flow and the erodible substrate, and monitor the changes in the particle flow process and the final deposited erodible substrate, realize quantitative three-dimensional multi-angle data acquisition and transmission, and provide technical support for complex erodible substrate particle flow topics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of particle flow experiments, and in particular to a simulation system and an experimental method for a particle flow process capable of corroding a substrate. Background Art

[0002] Granular materials are widely present in our daily lives. The study of particle flow is not only of great significance to disaster prevention and environmental governance, but also has broad application prospects in chemical industry, pharmaceuticals, food processing and materials science. Therefore, the flow characteristics of particle flow have received extensive attention from scientific researchers and industrial professionals.

[0003] The chute flow experiment of granular flow is an experimental method to study the flow characteristics of granular materials on slopes. It is usually used to study the movement of granular materials in natural phenomena such as high-speed long-distance landslides, debris flows, and pyroclastic flows. By measuring the velocity, flow depth, flow rate and other parameters of the granular flow, the movement characteristics and laws of the granular flow are analyzed. In the past, the experimental method for the bottom of the chute was often to simply lay a layer of particles of the same size as the flowing particles. This not only failed to accurately restore the multi-layer characteristics of the soil, but also the flowing particles and the bottom particles were often unable to be separated, making it difficult to observe phenomena such as base erosion.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used for understanding the background of the present application, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects existing in the above-mentioned background technology and provide a system and experimental method for simulating a granular flow process that can erode a substrate.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A system for simulating an erodible substrate granular flow process, comprising:

[0008] A chute system is used to achieve velocity and final deposition of particle flow on an inclined surface, the chute system comprising:

[0009] Material warehouse, used to store and provide initial materials;

[0010] The gate is connected to the material bin and driven by a motor to control the discharge speed of the material bin and the flow depth of the particle flow;

[0011] The chute section is used to provide the required slope so that the particle flow moves along the slope;

[0012] A deposition platform, adjacent to the chute section, is used to complete the deposition of the particle flow;

[0013] An erodible substrate simulation system for simulating the movement of a particle flow on an erodible substrate, the erodible substrate simulation system comprising:

[0014] 3D printed specimens to simulate flowing particles;

[0015] A 3D printed erodible substrate, disposed on the chute section and the deposition platform, comprising substrate particles connected by fine support rods, the erodible substrate receiving a flowing sample to simulate the erosion effect of the particle flow on the substrate;

[0016] Control and data acquisition system, including:

[0017] The three-axis force sensor is used to detect the dynamic changes of the base force at the corresponding position of the bottom of the sample flow;

[0018] 3D scanners to capture high-precision digital images of erodible substrates and deposition platforms;

[0019] Industrial-grade high-speed camera, used to continuously record the flow evolution of the sample;

[0020] The processing module is used to receive and process data from the three-axis force sensor, 3D scanner and industrial-grade high-speed camera.

[0021] Furthermore, an L-shaped partition is provided in the material bin for separating the first sample and the second sample of different particle sizes. The L-shaped partition cooperates with the gate outlet to allow the first sample to flow out from the lower area of ​​the gate outlet and the second sample with a smaller particle size to flow out from the upper area of ​​the gate outlet.

[0022] Furthermore, the chute section includes a transparent plate, a support frame and a telescopic bracket, the erodible substrate is carried on the support frame, the transparent plate is arranged on the support frame, and is used to provide side wall restrictions for the sample and provide observation conditions for the camera, and the bottom of the telescopic bracket is fixedly connected to the ground to support the support frame.

[0023] Furthermore, two three-axis force sensors are respectively fixed to two reserved holes on the support frame corresponding to different positions of the inclined slot section.

[0024] Furthermore, the base particles, fine support rods and samples are designed with a layered base configuration using three-dimensional modeling software, using liquid photosensitive resin as the material, and adopting photocuring molding technology to print out base particles, fine support rods and samples with different sizes, shapes and materials.

[0025] Furthermore, the erodible substrate is formed by layered printing of raw materials of different materials to simulate the layered characteristics of natural soil, so as to realize the movement of sample particle flow on the erodible substrate with different structures and materials.

[0026] Furthermore, the processing module performs three-dimensional reconstruction based on the digitalized images of the erodible substrate and the deposition platform collected by the 3D scanner for erosion and deposition mechanism analysis.

[0027] Furthermore, the processing module captures the flow morphology of the sample and the erosion effect at the bottom based on the images of the sample particle flow evolution process continuously recorded by the industrial-grade high-speed camera, and analyzes the flow characteristics and erosion mechanism.

[0028] An experimental method using the erodible substrate granular flow process simulation system comprises the following steps:

[0029] 3D printed sample particles, substrate particles capable of eroding the substrate, and fine support rods connecting the substrate particles;

[0030] During the test, the structural characteristics of the fine support rods are used to cause deformation and fracture during the interaction between the flowing sample particles and the substrate particles, thereby simulating the erodibility of the erodible substrate;

[0031] After the test, the erodible substrate is removed and inverted, and gravity is used to separate the specimen from the erodible substrate, so that the erosion morphology can be described in three dimensions;

[0032] Monitor the erosion morphology and deposition form of the erodible substrate through 3D scanning and digital image acquisition.

[0033] Furthermore, the SLA technology of 3D printing is used to finely print the base particles and fine support rods that can erode the base.

[0034] Furthermore, the erodible substrate is printed in layers using raw materials of different materials to simulate the layered characteristics of natural soil, thereby realizing the movement of sample particle flow on the erodible substrate with different structures and materials.

[0035] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] The present invention provides a high-precision, highly controllable erodible substrate particle flow process simulation system and experimental method, the system uses a substrate structure with a fine support structure prepared by 3D printing technology, uses the fracture characteristics of fine support rods to simulate the erosion effect of particle flow on the substrate, obtains the geometric morphology of the object surface through 3D scanning technology, generates a digital three-dimensional model for analyzing experimental results and the evolution of dynamic processes, and realizes quantitative monitoring and data extraction. The system and experimental method of the present invention improve the accuracy of particle flow experimental settings and result observations, and well meet the needs of simulation analysis of the entire process of erodible substrate particle flow.

[0037] In the present invention, different materials can be 3D printed layer by layer using SLA and other technologies to further form a multi-layer substrate structure, simulating the layered characteristics of natural soil, so that the movement of particle flow on the erodible substrate can reproduce real and complex natural phenomena in the experimental environment. The geometric morphology of the object surface is accurately obtained through a 3D scanner, and a digital three-dimensional model is generated to analyze the experimental results and the evolution of dynamic processes. Combining 3D printing and 3D scanning, researchers can achieve customized manufacturing of experimental devices and high-precision data collection and analysis, greatly improving the controllability and visualization of the experiment.

[0038] In general, the experimental system of the present invention can effectively realize the experimental simulation of the whole process of erodible substrate particle flow, accurately simulate the interaction between particle flow and erodible substrate, monitor the changes of particle flow process and final deposited erodible substrate, realize quantitative three-dimensional multi-angle data acquisition and transmission, provide technical support for complex erodible substrate particle flow topics, and has the advantages of controllable scale, good economy, convenient connection, simple operation and high reliability.

[0039] Other beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 1 is an overall front view of an erodible substrate particle flow process simulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the bottom erodible substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 1 is an overall top view of an erodible substrate particle flow process simulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of an L-shaped partition according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 It is a working principle diagram of an embodiment of the present invention using an L-shaped partition and samples of different particle sizes.

[0045] Markings in the figure: 1. 3D printer; 2. Material bin; 3. L-shaped partition; 4. Gate; 5. High-performance servo motor; 6. Transparent high-strength acrylic plate; 7. Aluminum alloy bottom plate support frame; 8. Sample; 9. Base particles; 10. Fine support rod; 11. Three-axis force sensor; 12. Multi-channel data acquisition device; 13. Telescopic aluminum alloy bracket; 14. Deposition platform; 15. 3D scanner; 16. Industrial-grade high-speed camera; 17. Data transmission line; 18. High-performance computer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be emphasized that the following description is only exemplary and is not intended to limit the scope and application of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element. In addition, connection can be used for fixing as well as for coupling or communication.

[0048] It should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by terms such as "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0049] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0050] See also Figures 1 to 3 An embodiment of the present invention provides an erodible substrate particle flow process simulation system, including: a chute system for realizing the particle flow to obtain velocity and final deposition on an inclined surface, an erodible substrate simulation system for simulating the movement of the particle flow on an erodible substrate with different structures and materials; and a control and data acquisition system.

[0051] The chute system includes: a material bin 2 for storing and providing initial materials; a gate 4 connected to the material bin 2 and driven by a motor (such as a high-performance servo motor 5) for controlling the discharge speed of the material bin 2 and the flow depth of the particle flow; a chute section for providing the required slope so that the particle flow moves along the slope; a deposition platform 14, adjacent to the chute section, for completing the deposition of the particle flow; and an erodible substrate simulation system for simulating the movement of the particle flow on an erodible substrate with different structures and materials.

[0052] The erodible substrate simulation system comprises: a 3D printed sample 8 for simulating flowing particles; a 3D printed erodible substrate disposed on the chute section and the deposition platform 14, the erodible substrate comprising substrate particles 9 connected by fine support rods 10, the erodible substrate receiving the flowing sample 8 to simulate the erosion effect of the particle flow on the substrate;

[0053] The control and data acquisition system includes: a three-axis force sensor 11, which is used to detect the dynamic changes of the base force at the corresponding position at the bottom of the sample 8 during flow; a 3D scanner 15, which is used to collect high-precision digital images of the erodible base and the deposition platform 14; an industrial-grade high-speed camera 16, which is used to continuously record the flow evolution process of the sample 8; and a processing module (such as a high-performance computer 18) for receiving and processing data from the three-axis force sensor 11, the 3D scanner 15 and the industrial-grade high-speed camera 16.

[0054] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the chute section includes a transparent plate (such as a transparent high-strength acrylic plate 6), a support frame (such as an aluminum alloy bottom plate support frame 7) and a telescopic bracket (such as a telescopic aluminum alloy bracket 13), the erodible substrate is carried on the support frame, the transparent plate is arranged on the support frame, and is used to provide side wall restrictions for the sample 8 and provide observation conditions for the camera 16, and the bottom of the telescopic bracket is fixedly connected to the ground for supporting the support frame.

[0055] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, two three-axis force sensors 11 are respectively fixed to two reserved holes on the support frame corresponding to different positions of the chute section. Two industrial-grade high-speed cameras 16 are respectively arranged at positions corresponding to the uniform stable flow area and the deposition area. A 3D scanner 15 is set at a position corresponding to the deposition area.

[0056] In some embodiments, the base particles 9, fine support rods 10 and sample 8 are layered base configurations designed by 3D modeling software, using liquid photosensitive resin as material, and printed using photocuring technology, with different sizes, shapes and materials. The high-performance computer 18 performs 3D reconstruction for erosion and deposition mechanism analysis based on the digital images of the erodible base and deposition platform 14 collected by the 3D scanner 15; the flow morphology of the sample and the erosion effect of the bottom are captured based on the pictures of the flow evolution process of the sample particles continuously recorded by the industrial-grade high-speed camera 16, and the flow characteristics and erosion mechanism analysis are performed.

[0057] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, in a preferred embodiment, an L-shaped partition 3 is provided in the material bin 2, which separates the first sample and the second sample of different particle sizes in the material bin 2. The L-shaped partition 3 cooperates with the gate outlet to make the first sample flow out from the lower area of ​​the gate outlet, and the second sample with a smaller particle size flows out from the upper area of ​​the gate outlet. During operation, the first sample and the second sample flow to the chute section in a layered state, and in the initial area of ​​the chute section (here is the sorting development area, where the sample particles are non-uniform flow), the first sample with a larger particle size acts on the erodible substrate, and when the sample continues to flow to the middle and lower area of ​​the chute section (here is the sorting completion area, where the sample particles form a (quasi) uniform and stable flow), the second sample with a smaller particle size moves to the bottom layer of the particle flow through the gaps between the first sample particles. At this time, the second sample with a smaller particle size mainly acts on the erodible substrate, thereby simulating the erosion of samples of different particle sizes on the erodible substrate during the flow process. Each three-axis force sensor 11 and each industrial-grade high-speed camera 16 can be respectively configured to collect data from the sorting development area and the sorting completion area.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the erodible substrate is formed by layered printing of raw materials of different materials to simulate the layered characteristics of natural soil, so as to realize the movement of sample particle flow on the erodible substrate with different structures and materials.

[0059] The embodiment of the present invention also provides an experimental method using the erodible substrate particle flow process simulation system, comprising the following steps:

[0060] 3D print sample particles, base particles 9 of the erodible base, and fine support rods 10 connecting the base particles 9. Preferably, the base particles 9 of the erodible base and the fine support rods 10 are finely printed using the SLA technology of 3D printing. In a preferred embodiment, the erodible base is printed in layers using raw materials of different materials to simulate the layered characteristics of natural soil, thereby realizing the movement of particle flow on the erodible base with different structures and materials.

[0061] During the test, the structural characteristics of the fine support rod 10 are used to cause deformation and fracture during the interaction between the flowing sample particles and the base particles 9, thereby simulating the erodibility of the erodible base. After the test, the erodible base is taken out and turned upside down, and the sample 8 is separated from the erodible base by gravity, so that the erosion morphology can be described in three dimensions. The erosion morphology and deposition morphology of the erodible base are monitored by 3D scanning and digital image acquisition.

[0062] The erodible substrate particle flow process simulation system based on 3D printing and 3D scanning of the present invention comprises a chute system with a deposition platform, an erodible substrate simulation system, and a control and data acquisition system. The chute system with the deposition platform controls the servo motor to give the sample different gate openings to obtain different flow depths, and the chute section and the deposition platform are respectively used to realize the particle flow to obtain speed and final deposition on the inclined plane; the erodible substrate simulation system uses the SLA technology of 3D printing to realize a fine support structure between the substrate particles, and at the same time, raw materials of different materials can be used to perform layered printing of the erodible substrate, so as to realize the three-dimensional visualization of the movement results of the particle flow on the erodible substrate with different sizes and materials, simulate the layered characteristics of natural soil, and reproduce real and complex natural phenomena in the experimental environment; the control and data acquisition system realizes quantitative monitoring and data extraction of the evolution process through a three-axis force sensor, a 3D scanner and a digital image acquisition method. The experimental system provided by the present invention has controllable scale, visible motion state, and measurable erosion results, which can solve the problems of the difficulty of traditional erodible substrate experiments, limited collectable data, and unclear erosion results.

[0063] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below.

[0064] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a simulation system for erodible substrate particle flow process based on 3D printing and 3D scanning includes an inclined trough system with a deposition platform, an erodible substrate simulation system, and a control and data acquisition system. The inclined trough system with a deposition platform controls the high-performance servo motor 5 to raise and lower the gate 4, and controls the gate 4 opening to achieve the purpose of giving the sample different flow depths, and the built-in L-shaped partition 3 of the material bin 2 can meet the initial non-mixing of samples 8 of different particle sizes, and realize the needs of flow process sorting, so as to achieve controllability. The erodible substrate simulation system uses the SLA technology adopted by the 3D printer 1 to realize the fine support structure between the substrate particles 9, and can use raw materials of different materials for layered printing, so as to realize the movement of the particle flow on the erodible substrate with different structures and materials. The erosion state can be visualized by taking out the substrate and inverting it, and using gravity to separate the sample 8 from the substrate particles 9. The control and data acquisition system realizes quantitative monitoring and data extraction of the erosion process through a three-axis force sensor 11, a 3D scanner 15 and an industrial-grade high-speed camera 16, so as to achieve measurability. The three systems work together to carry out simulation experiments on the particle flow base erosion process.

[0065] The chute system with a deposition platform includes a material bin 2, an L-shaped partition 3, a gate 4, a high-performance servo motor 5, a transparent high-strength acrylic plate 6, an aluminum alloy bottom plate support frame 7, a telescopic aluminum alloy bracket 13, and a deposition platform 14. The L-shaped partition 3 is fixed inside the material bin 2 to divide the space where the sample 8 is located, providing initial materials for particle flow and final deposition. The L-shaped partition 3 is fixed on both sides of the material bin 2 to separate samples 8 of different particle sizes or properties. The gate 4 is installed below the high-performance servo motor 5 to control the discharge speed of the material bin 2 and the flow depth of the sample 8. The high-performance servo motor 5 is connected to the material bin 2 through a plurality of rigid rods, and is connected to the gate 4 below, and is connected to the high-performance computer 18 through a data transmission line 17 to achieve remote control. The lifting speed and opening and closing degree of the gate 4 are controllable to provide different initial motion conditions for the sample 8. The transparent high-strength acrylic plate 6 and the aluminum alloy bottom plate support frame 7 are bonded with high-strength and high-viscosity glass glue. The high-strength property provides side wall restrictions for the sample 8, while the transparency provides side wall observation conditions for the industrial-grade high-speed camera 16. The bottom of the telescopic aluminum alloy bracket 13 is fixed to the ground, serving as the support of the entire experimental system, supporting and stabilizing the entire experimental device, and providing the required slope of the chute flow through the telescopic bracket. The deposition platform 14 is adjacent to the chute section, and is covered with an erodible substrate composed of base particles 9 and fine support rods 10. After the sample 8 enters, it impacts and erodes the connection and completes deposition within a certain distance.

[0066] The erodible substrate simulation system includes a 3D printer 1, sample 8 substrate particles 9 and fine support rods 10. The 3D printer 1 is connected to a high-performance computer 18 via a data transmission line 17. The layered substrate configuration is designed by a three-dimensional modeling software. Photosensitive resin (liquid) is used as the material, and the photocuring molding technology is used to print out substrate particles 9, fine support rods 10 and sample 8 of different sizes, shapes and materials. Sample 8 is designed using a high-performance computer 18 and printed in batches by a 3D printer 1. The fine support rods 10 connected to each other are punched out through a matching cleaning box, and finally finely polished to achieve the preparation of high-precision flow particles. The substrate particles 9 are printed by the 3D printer 1, and are connected to each other by the fine support rods 10 required for printing, which serve as the flow basis of sample 8. The fine support rods 10 serve as the main support structure required for 3D printing, and their two ends are connected to different particles. When the sample 8 flows through the base particles 9, the fine support rods 10 are broken inside due to the impact force. When all the fine support rods 10 around the base particles 9 are broken, the erosion can be characterized by the depressions formed after being carried away by the fracture.

[0067] The control and data acquisition system includes a three-axis force sensor 11, a multi-channel data acquisition device 12, a 3D scanner 15, an industrial-grade high-speed camera 16, a data transmission line 17, and a high-performance computer 18. The three-axis force sensor 11 is fixed at two reserved holes of the aluminum alloy bottom plate support frame 7, and is used to detect the dynamic changes of the base force at the corresponding position of the bottom during the flow. The multi-channel data acquisition device 12 is connected to the three-axis force sensor 11, converts the analog signal into a digital signal and performs necessary signal conditioning to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. The 3D scanner 15 is used to collect high-precision digital images of the erodible substrate and the deposition platform 14, and perform three-dimensional reconstruction for subsequent erosion and deposition mechanism analysis. The industrial-grade high-speed camera 16 is used to continuously record the flow evolution process of the particle sample 8, take multiple groups of pictures to accurately capture the flow morphology of the sample 8 in the flow and the erosion effect of the bottom, and provide high-resolution image data for flow characteristics and erosion mechanism analysis. The data transmission line 17 is used to connect the various parts of the device. The high-performance computer 18 serves as the control center of the system and is connected to the multi-channel data collector 12, the industrial-grade high-speed camera 16, and the 3D scanner 15 through the data transmission line 17. It is used to receive the substrate force change data from the multi-channel data collector 12, the flow process images from the industrial-grade high-speed camera 16, and the substrate and sediment modeling data from the 3D scanner 15 and display them intuitively.

[0068] An experimental method for simulating an erodible substrate particle flow process based on 3D printing and 3D scanning is implemented based on the above simulation system and includes the following steps:

[0069] In the first step, according to the requirements of the overall experimental design, the three-dimensional layered substrate configuration of the erodible substrate is preset by the three-dimensional modeling software in the high-performance computer 18, and photosensitive resin (liquid) is used as the material. The substrate particles 9, fine support rods 10 and samples 8 with different sizes, shapes and materials are printed by photocuring. The sample 8 is cleaned and the erodible substrate is processed to match the size of the water tank, waiting for the experiment to be carried out.

[0070] The second step is to build the inclined aluminum alloy bottom plate support frame 7 with the deposition platform 14, the telescopic aluminum alloy bracket 13, the deposition platform 14, assemble the material bin 2, the L-shaped partition 3, the gate 4, the high-performance servo motor 5, and the transparent high-strength acrylic plate 6, check the stability and safety of the main frame, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of each part of the device. According to the experimental design requirements, install the erodible substrate on the bottom plate.

[0071] In the third step, the gate 4 is lowered to the bottom by the high-performance servo motor 5, and then the particle sample 8 is placed in the material bin 2. Two three-axis force sensors 11 are set and calibrated, two industrial-grade high-speed cameras 16 in the uniform and stable flow area and the deposition area are placed and turned on in a standardized manner, the 3D scanner 15 is calibrated, and each component is connected to a high-performance computer 18 through a data transmission line 17.

[0072] In the fourth step, the gate 4 is raised to a certain height at a uniform speed by the high-performance computer 18, and the particle sample 8 flows into the chute through the opening of the gate 4, interacts with the erodible substrate and gradually develops into a uniform and stable flow, and finally enters the deposition platform 14 to complete the deposition. During this period, the high-performance computer 18 receives and integrates data from the three-axis force sensor 11, the industrial high-speed camera 16 and the 3D scanner 15.

[0073] Step 5. After completing the experiment, turn off the power and clean up the experimental equipment and site, extract the data, and conduct data parsing and theoretical analysis. Example

[0074] Firstly, a database of physical and mechanical properties of erodible substrate soil layers is established, and the typical characteristics of erodible substrate and particle samples are generalized, including physical and mechanical property parameters such as strength, density, gradation, particle size, and geometric shape.

[0075] Then, considering the layered structure of the erodible substrate, the SLA (stereolithography) technology of the 3D printer 1 is used. Based on the principle that the photosensitive resin is solidified by ultraviolet light, the high-performance computer 18 controls the laser to scan the photosensitive resin in the curing liquid tank layer by layer. Each layer of the cured cross section is obtained by layered design using the three-dimensional CAD model software, and the particles are prepared by curing layer by layer with a thickness of 0.01 mm. Different layers are cured with photosensitive resins with different physical properties, and fine support structures are also left between the layers to ensure the overall consistency of the erodible substrate. Due to the required discreteness of the sample particles, the support structure between the particles needs to be flushed away in the cleaning box during post-processing, and the surface of the sample particles is finely polished to make it smooth.

[0076] Next, design, process and check the material bin 2, transparent high-strength acrylic plate 6, aluminum alloy bottom plate support frame 7, telescopic aluminum alloy bracket 13, and deposition platform 14. The material bin 2 is 0.5m long, 0.2m wide, and 0.75m high. The transparent high-strength acrylic plate 6 in the flow area is 3m long, 0.6m wide, and 0.5cm thick. The aluminum alloy bottom plate support frame 7 is 3m long and 0.2m wide. The telescopic aluminum alloy bracket 13 has a rod length of 0.5m-2.5m. The deposition platform 14 is 2.5m long and 2m wide. Two industrial-grade high-speed cameras 16 are placed on the side of the chute, and a three-axis force sensor 11 is set at the bottom. The control and data acquisition of the device are completed by a high-performance computer 18 through a data transmission line 17.

[0077] Furthermore, the prepared erodible substrate is taken out from the 3D printer 1, and different sizes required for the experiment are cut according to the working space of the chute device. The high-performance servo motor 5 controls the gate 4 to descend to close, and the prepared discrete particle sample 8 is taken out from the cleaning box and placed in the material bin 2. According to the difference in particle size, it is placed on both sides of the partition of the material bin 2.

[0078] Finally, each sample 8 is subjected to an erodible base particle flow experiment at different gate 4 openings (planned to use 0.05m, 0.10m, 0.2m, and 0.4m). Based on the PTV technology, two industrial-grade high-speed cameras 16 are used on the side wall to quantitatively observe and collect the flow process of the sample 8 in the chute section and the deposition area and the interaction with the erodible base. When all the samples 8 flow out of the material bin 2 and reach static stability on the deposition platform 14, part of the erodible base is impacted by the sample 8, and the fine support rods 10 are broken, but the rest of the erodible base remains intact. The sediment body that finally reaches static stability on the deposition platform 14 is scanned with high precision using a 3D scanner 15 to obtain the accumulation morphology. The erodible base is taken out and turned upside down, and the two are separated by gravity, and then the sample particles remaining on it or the base particles 9 that have been broken by the impact are gently swept away, leaving only the remaining eroded base structure. The scour pit on the erodible base is scanned three-dimensionally using the 3D scanner 15 again, so as to quantitatively analyze the erosion along the way and the scour effect at the foot of the slope. Combined with the three-axis force sensor 11, the kinematic parameters of the landslide, such as acceleration, velocity, displacement, and force, are calculated, the entire flow process is analyzed, the mechanism and evolution pattern of erosion are generalized, and a particle flow erosion model is proposed.

[0079] In general, the present invention has the following innovative design concepts: First, the SLA technology of 3D printing is used to finely print the base particles and fine support rods. Then, through the layered printing technology, different materials are used to successfully simulate the layered characteristics of natural soil. Furthermore, by utilizing the structural characteristics of the fine support rods, deformation and fracture will occur during the interaction between the flow particles and the base particles, and they will detach from the erodible base, thereby restoring the erodibility of the base. Furthermore, since the particles in the 3D printed erodible base are connected by fine support rods and have integrity, the base can be taken out and inverted after the test, and gravity can be used to separate the sample from the erodible base, so that the erosion morphology can be described in three dimensions. Finally, the erosion morphology and deposition morphology can be accurately monitored and intuitively displayed through a 3D scanner and a digital image acquisition method. The experimental system of the present invention can effectively realize the experimental simulation of the whole process of erodible substrate particle flow, monitor the changes of the particle flow process and the final deposited erodible substrate, realize quantitative three-dimensional multi-angle data acquisition and transmission, provide technical support for complex erodible substrate particle flow projects, solve the problems of traditional erodible substrate experiments that are difficult to implement, limited collectable data, and unclear erosion results, and has the advantages of controllable scale, good economy, convenient connection, simple operation, and high reliability.

[0080] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific / preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, without departing from the concept of the present invention, it can also make several substitutions or modifications to these described embodiments, and these substitutions or modifications should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention. In the description of this specification, the description of the reference terms "an embodiment", "some embodiments", "preferred embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in combination with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily target the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In the absence of mutual contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples. Although the embodiments of the present invention and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and modifications can be made herein without departing from the scope of protection of the patent application.

Claims

1. A system for simulating an erodible substrate particle flow process, characterized in that: include: A chute system is used to achieve velocity and final deposition of particle flow on an inclined surface. The chute system includes: Material warehouse, used to store and provide initial materials; The gate is connected to the material bin and driven by a motor to control the discharge speed of the material bin and the flow depth of the particle flow; The chute section is used to provide the required slope so that the particle flow moves along the slope; A deposition platform, adjacent to the chute section, is used to complete the deposition of the particle flow; An erodible substrate simulation system for simulating the movement of a particle flow on an erodible substrate, the erodible substrate simulation system comprising: 3D printed specimens to simulate flowing particles; The erodible substrate for 3D printing is arranged on the chute section and the deposition platform, and includes substrate particles connected by fine support rods. The erodible substrate receives the flowing sample to simulate the erosion effect of the particle flow on the substrate. The substrate particles and the fine support rods are a layered substrate configuration designed by three-dimensional modeling software and 3D printed. During the test, the structural characteristics of the fine support rods are utilized to cause deformation and fracture during the interaction between the flowing sample particles and the substrate particles, thereby simulating the erodibility of the erodible substrate. The fine support rods serve as the main supporting structure during 3D printing, and the two ends are respectively connected to different particles. When the sample flows through the substrate particles, the fine support rods are fractured inside due to the impact force. When all the fine support rods around the substrate particles are fractured, the erosion situation can be characterized by the depression formed after the substrate particles are taken away due to the fracture of the fine support rods. Control and data acquisition system, including: The three-axis force sensor is used to detect the dynamic changes of the base force at the corresponding position of the bottom of the sample flow; 3D scanners to capture high-precision digital images of erodible substrates and deposition platforms; Industrial-grade high-speed camera, used to continuously record the flow evolution of the sample; The processing module is used to receive and process data from the three-axis force sensor, 3D scanner and industrial-grade high-speed camera.

2. The erodible substrate granular flow process simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An L-shaped partition is provided in the material bin to separate the first sample and the second sample of different particle sizes. The L-shaped partition cooperates with the gate outlet to make the first sample flow out from the lower area of ​​the gate outlet, and the second sample with a smaller particle size flow out from the upper area of ​​the gate outlet. During operation, the first sample and the second sample flow to the chute section in an upper and lower stratified state. In the initial area of ​​the chute section, the first sample with a larger particle size acts on the erodible base. The initial area is the sorting development area, and the sample particles are in a non-uniform flow here. When the sample continues to flow to the middle and lower areas of the chute section, the second sample with a smaller particle size moves to the bottom layer of the particle flow through the gaps between the first sample particles. The middle and lower areas are the sorting completion area, and the sample particles form a uniform or quasi-uniform stable flow here. At this time, the second sample with a smaller particle size mainly acts on the erodible base, thereby simulating the erosion of samples of different particle sizes on the erodible base during the flow process.

3. The erodible substrate granular flow process simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chute section includes a transparent plate, a support frame and a telescopic bracket. The erodible substrate is carried on the support frame. The transparent plate is arranged on the support frame to provide side wall restrictions for the sample and observation conditions for the camera. The bottom of the telescopic bracket is fixedly connected to the ground to support the support frame.

4. The erodible substrate particle flow process simulation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two three-axis force sensors are respectively fixed at two reserved holes on the support frame corresponding to different positions of the chute section; two industrial-grade high-speed cameras are respectively arranged at positions corresponding to the uniform stable flow area and the deposition area; and a 3D scanner is set at a position corresponding to the deposition area.

5. The erodible substrate particle flow process simulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Liquid photosensitive resin is used as the material, and photocuring technology is adopted to print base particles, fine support rods and samples with different sizes, shapes and materials.

6. The erodible substrate particle flow process simulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The erodible substrate is formed by layered printing of raw materials of different materials to simulate the layered characteristics of natural soil, so as to achieve three-dimensional visualization of the movement results of sample particle flow on the erodible substrate with different structures and materials. By simulating the layered characteristics of natural soil, real and complex natural phenomena are reproduced in an experimental environment.

7. The erodible substrate particle flow process simulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The processing module performs three-dimensional reconstruction based on the digitalized images of the erodible substrate and the deposition platform collected by the 3D scanner for erosion and deposition mechanism analysis.

8. The erodible substrate particle flow process simulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The processing module captures the flow morphology of the sample and the erosion effect at the bottom based on the images of the sample particle flow evolution process continuously recorded by the industrial-grade high-speed camera, and performs flow characteristic and erosion mechanism analysis.

9. An experimental method using the erodible substrate particle flow process simulation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 3D printed sample particles, substrate particles capable of eroding the substrate, and fine support rods connecting the substrate particles; During the test, the structural characteristics of the fine support rods are used to cause deformation and fracture during the interaction between the flowing sample particles and the substrate particles, thereby simulating the erodibility of the erodible substrate; After the test, the erodible substrate is removed and inverted, and gravity is used to separate the specimen from the erodible substrate, so that the erosion morphology can be described in three dimensions; Monitor the erosion morphology and deposition form of the erodible substrate through 3D scanning and digital image acquisition.

10. The experimental method according to claim 9, characterized in that The erodible substrate is printed in layers using raw materials of different materials to simulate the layered characteristics of natural soil, thereby realizing the movement of sample particle flow on the erodible substrate with different structures and materials.

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