Protection method and system for superconducting device monitoring equipment based on uninterruptible power supply

Abstract

The present application discloses a protection method and system for superconducting device monitoring equipment based on an uninterruptible power supply, wherein the protection method includes: obtaining the operation instructions and operation data of the superconducting device collected by the acquisition module; predicting the type of magnetic field change event based on the operation instructions and / or operation data, and when the magnetic field change event type is a transient change type, cutting off the external power supply and connecting to the first type of discharge circuit; when the magnetic field change event type is a continuous change type, delaying the cutting off of the external power supply and connecting to the second type of discharge circuit. The type of interference that is about to occur is predicted in advance based on the operating state and operation instructions of the superconducting device, and the continuous power supply capability of the uninterruptible power supply with a selective discharge circuit is utilized to power and protect the monitoring equipment during the generation of the interference magnetic field, so as to reduce the influence of the interference magnetic field on the monitoring equipment through the external power supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic interference protection, and specifically relates to a protection method and system for superconducting device monitoring equipment based on an uninterruptible power supply. Background Art

[0002] During the operation, superconducting magnets will generate a variety of operating parameters that need to be monitored, and will also generate a large interference magnetic field. Therefore, in order to ensure the performance and normal operation of superconducting magnets, various monitoring devices such as acquisition equipment need to be set up to collect and monitor the operating parameters. For example, temperature acquisition equipment is needed to monitor the temperature of superconducting magnets. For another example, for controlled nuclear fusion devices with superconducting magnets (which can be considered as a superconducting device), various monitoring equipment is also needed to monitor the plasma state. In order to ensure the normal operation of these monitoring devices, it is often necessary to use a power supply system with an uninterruptible power supply to power them. At the same time, in order to reduce the impact of interference magnetic fields on the monitoring equipment, the monitoring equipment needs to be electromagnetically protected.

[0003] In related technologies, physical shielding is often used to reduce the interference of the interfering magnetic field generated by the superconducting magnet during operation on the monitoring equipment, but the physical shielding method will cause space occupation problems; in some other related technologies, a separate protection system is set for the monitoring equipment, resulting in redundancy of the monitoring equipment and increasing the complexity and cost of the monitoring system.

[0004] Therefore, how to protect the monitoring equipment of the superconducting device in a relatively simple and effective way has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a protection system for superconducting device monitoring equipment based on an uninterruptible power supply to solve the technical problem of how to protect the monitoring equipment of the superconducting device in a relatively simple and effective manner.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this application is:

[0007] According to a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a protection method for a superconducting device monitoring device based on an uninterruptible power supply, which is applied to a protection system, wherein the protection system includes an uninterruptible power supply and a superconducting device operating status acquisition module; wherein the acquisition module is used to acquire operating instructions and operating data of the superconducting device; the uninterruptible power supply includes a battery module, a control module and a power supply switching module, the input end of the power supply switching module is respectively connected to the battery module and an external power supply, and the output end of the power supply switching module is connected to a monitoring device; a first control switch is provided between the power supply switching module and the external power supply, and a first type of discharge circuit connected through a second control switch and a second type of discharge circuit connected through a third control switch are provided between the power supply switching module and the monitoring device, the response rate of the first type of discharge circuit is greater than the response rate of the second type of discharge circuit, and the discharge capacity of the first type of discharge circuit is greater than the discharge capacity of the second type of discharge circuit. The acquisition module is connected to the control module, and the protection method includes: obtaining the operation instructions and operation data of the superconducting device acquired by the acquisition module; predicting the type of magnetic field change event based on the operation instructions and / or the operation data, and the magnetic field change event type includes a transient change type and a continuous change type; when the magnetic field change event type is a transient change type, controlling the power supply switching module to switch the power supply of the monitoring device to the battery module, and controlling the first control switch to be disconnected, and controlling the second control switch to be closed; when the magnetic field change event type is a continuous change type, controlling the power supply switching module to delay for a first delay time and then switch to the battery module for power supply, and controlling the first control switch to be disconnected after delaying for the first delay time, and controlling the third control switch to be closed, wherein the first delay time is determined based on the magnetic field change state of the magnetic field change event.

[0008] In one embodiment, during the operation of the superconducting device, predicting the type of magnetic field change event based on the operating data includes: inputting the operating data into a pre-trained magnetic field transient change prediction model to obtain a magnetic field transient change prediction probability, and when the magnetic field transient change probability is greater than a preset probability value, determining that the magnetic field change event type is a transient change type.

[0009] In one embodiment, during the period when the superconducting device stops operating, the prediction of the magnetic field change event type based on the operating instruction includes: when the operating instruction is a start-up operating instruction, determining that the magnetic field change event type is a continuous change type; when the magnetic field change event type is a continuous change type, obtaining a charging current corresponding to the start-up operating instruction, the charging current being the current output by a charging power supply of a superconducting magnet in the superconducting device; based on the charging current, determining a duration during which the magnetic field change rate of the superconducting magnet is less than a preset change rate as the first delay duration; controlling the power supply switching module to switch to the battery module for power supply after a delay of the first delay duration, controlling the first control switch to disconnect after a delay of the first delay duration, and controlling the third control switch to close.

[0010] In one embodiment, the first control switch is a programmable timing switch; controlling the power supply switching module to switch to the battery module for power supply after a first delay time, and controlling the first control switch to disconnect after a first delay time includes: generating a first delay instruction based on the first delay time; transmitting the first delay instruction to the first control switch to set the first control switch to disconnect after a delay of the first delay time.

[0011] In one embodiment, determining the duration of the period of time during which the rate of change of the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet is less than a preset rate of change based on the charging current as the first delay period includes: acquiring physical parameters of the superconducting device; determining data on changes of the charging current of the superconducting magnet with charging time based on the charging current and the physical parameters of the superconducting device; determining the rate of change of the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet with charging time based on the data on changes of the charging current with charging time; and taking the duration between the charging start moment and the first moment when the rate of change of the magnetic field increases to the preset rate of change as the first delay period.

[0012] In one embodiment, the protection method further includes: determining a second moment at which the magnetic field change rate of the superconducting magnet with charging time is less than the preset change rate based on the change data of the charging current with charging time; and taking the duration between the first moment and the second moment as the second delay duration;

[0013] The first control switch is controlled to close after delaying the second delay time from the first moment, and the power supply switching module is controlled to switch to the external power supply after delaying the second delay time from the first moment.

[0014] In one embodiment, the protection method also includes: determining a third moment when the charging current reaches the working current of the superconducting magnet based on data of changes in the charging current with charging time; using the delay time between the second moment and the third moment as a third delay time; and controlling the third control switch to disconnect after a delay of the third delay time from the second moment.

[0015] In one embodiment, the uninterruptible power supply further includes an isolated communication module for communicating with the outside, and when the magnetic field change event type is a transient change type, the isolated communication module is disconnected.

[0016] According to a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a protection system for a superconducting device monitoring device based on an uninterruptible power supply, comprising: the protection system includes an uninterruptible power supply and a collection module for the operation status of the superconducting device; wherein the collection module is used to collect the operation instructions and operation data of the superconducting device; the uninterruptible power supply includes a battery module, a control module and a power supply switching module, the input end of the power supply switching module is respectively connected to the battery module and the external power supply, and the output end of the power supply switching module is connected to the monitoring device; a first control switch is provided between the power supply switching module and the external power supply, and a first type of discharge circuit and a second type of discharge circuit respectively connected by a second control switch are provided between the power supply switching module and the monitoring device, the response rate of the first type of discharge circuit is greater than the response rate of the second type of discharge circuit, and the discharge capacity of the first type of discharge circuit is less than the discharge capacity of the second type of discharge circuit; the collection module is connected to the control module, and the control module is used to execute the protection method for the superconducting device monitoring device based on an uninterruptible power supply described in any one of the above-mentioned first aspects.

[0017] In one embodiment, the uninterruptible power supply further includes an isolated communication module for communicating with the outside, and when the magnetic field change event type is a transient change type, the control module controls the isolated communication module to disconnect.

[0018] The embodiments of the present application have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0019] By arranging a first control switch between an uninterruptible power supply and an external power supply, arranging two types of discharge circuits on the power supply line of the uninterruptible power supply, cooperating with a control module to use the operation instructions and operation data of the superconducting device collected by the acquisition module to make real-time predictions on the types of magnetic field change events that are about to occur in the superconducting device, and controlling the first control switch and the two types of discharge circuits to perform corresponding enabling actions in advance based on different types of magnetic field change events, it is possible to prevent untimely protection caused by real-time detection of magnetic field changes after the magnetic field change has occurred, or erroneous operation caused by unstable control signals due to interference during the transmission of control signals; at the same time, in conjunction with the characteristic of the uninterruptible power supply that can continuously provide power supply, it is possible to prevent the electromagnetic pulses caused by different types of magnetic field change events of the superconducting device from affecting the monitoring equipment in a targeted manner, thereby protecting the safety of the monitoring equipment to the greatest extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a protection system for a superconducting device monitoring device based on an uninterruptible power supply according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of a protection method for superconducting device monitoring equipment based on an uninterruptible power supply according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a superconducting magnet charging process in a superconducting device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the overall concept of the present application, a detailed description is given below in an illustrative manner in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0025] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in each embodiment may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0026] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0027] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0028] As described in the background art, for the protection of the interference magnetic field of the monitoring equipment of the superconducting device, physical shielding or a separately configured protection system is often used to reduce the damage of the interference magnetic field generated by the superconducting device to the monitoring equipment, which not only causes the problem of space occupation of the monitoring equipment, but also leads to system redundancy of the monitoring equipment, increasing the complexity and cost of the monitoring system. The applicant has found that the interference magnetic field generated by the superconducting device often affects the monitoring equipment by coupling into the monitoring equipment through the aperture, or by entering the monitoring equipment through the external cable of the monitoring equipment or other directly connected external equipment, among which the external power supply of the monitoring equipment often becomes one of the main ways for interference to enter the monitoring equipment.

[0029] An uninterruptible power supply is often a power supply device used to maintain power continuity to the load when the input power fails. In the present application, the applicant has modified the uninterruptible power supply based on its ability to maintain power supply for a certain period of time, and utilized the continuous power supply capability of the uninterruptible power supply to power and protect the monitoring equipment during the generation of the interfering magnetic field, so as to reduce the impact of the interfering magnetic field on the monitoring equipment through the external power supply.

[0030] Based on this, the present application provides a protection method for a superconducting device monitoring device based on an uninterruptible power supply, and the protection method is applicable to a protection system of a superconducting device monitoring device based on an uninterruptible power supply 1, such as Figure 1As shown, the protection system includes an uninterruptible power supply 1 and a superconducting device operating status acquisition module 2, the acquisition module 2 acquires operating data and operating instructions of the superconducting device. Exemplarily, the acquisition module 2 can be connected to a control system of the superconducting device, and can also be connected to a monitoring device of the superconducting device, and the control instructions of the acquisition control system are used as operating instructions, and the operating parameters of the superconducting device monitored by the acquisition monitoring device are used as operating data.

[0031] The uninterruptible power supply 1 includes a battery module 11, a control module 12 and a power supply switching module 13. The control module 12 can use the MCU of the uninterruptible power supply 1, or a new MCU can be added as the control module 12. The input end of the power supply switching module 13 is connected to the battery module 11 and the external power supply 14 respectively, and the output end of the power supply switching module 13 is connected to the monitoring device, which is used to manage the charging of the battery module 11 and switch the power supply between the external power supply 14 and the battery module 11.

[0032] Since there are often multiple reasons for the generation of interference magnetic fields in superconducting devices, the changing current in the superconducting magnet during the startup, shutdown, and modulation of the superconducting device will cause a long-lasting magnetic field change, which may in turn cause a continuous electromagnetic pulse; in addition, when the superconducting device is in operation, different operating states may also cause rapid changes in the magnetic field. For example, when the local temperature or overall temperature of the superconducting magnet reaches a critical temperature during the operation of the superconducting device, it may cause a transient magnetic field change in part or all of the magnet, which may also cause a transient electromagnetic pulse with a high interference amplitude. Therefore, in the embodiment, different protective measures are taken to control the modified uninterruptible power supply 1 for different types of magnetic field change events generated during the operation of the superconducting device.

[0033] A first control switch 15 is provided between the power supply switching module 13 and the external power supply 14 in the uninterruptible power supply 1, and a first type discharge circuit 17 connected through a second control switch 16 and a second type discharge circuit 19 connected through a third control switch 18 are provided between the power supply switching module 13 and the monitoring device. The response rate of the first type discharge circuit 17 is greater than the response rate of the second type discharge circuit 19, and the discharge capacity of the first type discharge circuit 17 is less than the discharge capacity of the second type discharge circuit 19. Therefore, the first type discharge circuit 17 responds quickly to start the protection function, but its absorbed energy is limited, and the large energy of long-term continuous interference will damage the discharge circuit; the second type discharge circuit 19 can discharge a large amount of energy, but the response time is long. Therefore, in this embodiment, the corresponding discharge circuit can be selected according to the type of magnetic field change to ensure that the interference caused by the magnetic field change can be discharged in a timely and safe manner.

[0034] The interference caused by transient magnetic field changes is often an electromagnetic pulse interference with a short duration and high amplitude. Therefore, a timely and rapid response is required. The first type of discharge circuit 17 has a fast response rate, but a small discharge capacity, which is suitable for transient interference. However, due to the changes in the magnetic field caused by the charging and discharging process, the interference duration is relatively long, which may reach more than 1000s. The discharge capacity of the first type of discharge circuit 17 is not enough to discharge the energy. Therefore, a second type of discharge circuit 19 with a larger discharge capacity is required to discharge the electromagnetic pulse interference caused by this type of magnetic field change. At the same time, the external power supply 14 and the corresponding cables are one of the important ways for the electromagnetic pulse to be transmitted to the monitoring equipment. Therefore, when necessary, it is necessary to cut off the connection between the external power supply and the monitoring equipment, and use the continuous power supply capacity of the uninterruptible power supply 1 to cooperate to minimize the electromagnetic pulse that can enter the monitoring equipment.

[0035] Among them, the first type of discharge circuit 17 can adopt at least one of a transient suppression diode, an ultra-high power transient suppression diode, a glass gas discharge tube or a semiconductor discharge tube, and the second type of discharge circuit 19 can adopt a ceramic gas discharge tube or a varistor, or the second type of discharge circuit 19 can also adopt a discharge circuit with an ultra-high power transient suppression diode and a ceramic gas discharge tube or a varistor in series.

[0036] Regarding the above hardware modification of the uninterruptible power supply 1, Figure 2 As shown, the protection method includes the following steps:

[0037] S10. Acquire the operation instructions and operation data of the superconducting device collected by the acquisition module. The acquisition module 2 can collect whether an operation instruction is generated, such as a start instruction, a shutdown instruction, etc., through the control system of the superconducting device; the acquisition module 2 also acquires the real-time operation data of the superconducting device by real-time acquisition of the monitoring data of the monitoring equipment of the superconducting device, such as the current, voltage and other electrical data of the superconducting magnet of the superconducting device, and the temperature of each part of the superconducting magnet, the flow rate of the cooling medium, the pressure and other non-electrical data.

[0038] S20. Predict the type of magnetic field change event based on the operating instruction and / or the operating data, the type of magnetic field change event including a transient change type and a continuous change type; when the magnetic field change event type is a transient change type, proceed to step S30; when the magnetic field change event type is a continuous change type, proceed to step S40.

[0039] Exemplarily, if a start instruction is input or generated in the control system of the superconducting device, it indicates that the superconducting device is about to start; if a stop instruction is input or generated in the control system of the superconducting device, it indicates that the superconducting device is about to stop; since the start and stop of the superconducting device are both controllable, the upcoming operating state of the superconducting device can be predicted through the operating instructions in the control system of the superconducting device, and the type of magnetic field change event that is about to occur in the superconducting device can be determined, that is, when the start or stop instruction is obtained, it can be determined that the magnetic field change event type is a continuous change type.

[0040] During the operation of the superconducting device, the operating data is collected by the monitoring equipment, and the key parameters in the operating data can be used to predict the future operating state of the superconducting device. The type of magnetic field change event that will occur during the operation of the superconducting device can be determined based on the prediction results.

[0041] S30. Control the power supply switching module to switch the power supply of the monitoring device to the battery module, and control the first control switch to be disconnected, and control the second control switch and the third control switch to be closed.

[0042] When the magnetic field change event type is a transient change type, the transiently changing magnetic field can cause a transient and high-amplitude electromagnetic pulse on the external power supply 14. Therefore, before the magnetic field change event occurs, the power supply switching device can be controlled to switch to the battery module 11 for power supply, cut off the connection between the external power supply 14 and the monitoring equipment, and use the battery module 11 to power the monitoring equipment to prevent the transiently changing magnetic field from causing a pulse magnetic field on the external power supply 14 to enter the monitoring equipment through the external power supply 14 and its cable.

[0043] Further, when the magnetic field change event type is a transient change type, before the magnetic field change event occurs, the power supply switching module 13 is controlled to switch the power supply of the monitoring device to the battery module 11, and the first control switch 15 is controlled to be disconnected, so as to cut off the connection between the external power supply 14 and the monitoring device. For the electromagnetic pulses generated by the magnetic field change on the uninterruptible power supply 1 and the cable between the uninterruptible power supply 1 and the monitoring device, the second control switch 16 can be controlled to be closed, and the first type of discharge circuit 17 can be started to perform timely protection and discharge.

[0044] S40. Control the third control switch to close, control the power supply switching module to delay the first delay time to switch to the battery module for power supply, and control the first control switch to delay the first delay time to disconnect, wherein the first delay time is determined based on the magnetic field change state of the magnetic field change event.

[0045] When the magnetic field change time is of the continuous change type, due to the inductance of the superconducting magnet, the change rate of the continuously changing magnetic field in the superconducting device is often small at first, then large, and then small. And because the magnetic field change event of the continuous change type is different from the transient change type, the continuous change type often lasts for a long time. In order to ensure that the battery module 11 in the uninterruptible power supply 1 can retain enough power to maintain other unexpected situations, the power supply time of the battery module 11 is minimized. In this embodiment, the magnetic field change rate during the overall duration of the magnetic field change event of the continuous change type can be predicted or identified. If the magnetic field change rate is small at the beginning of the magnetic field change, the third control switch 18 can be controlled to close first, so that the second type of discharge circuit 19 enters the protection operation, the power supply switching module 13 is controlled to delay for a certain period of time before switching to the battery module 11 for power supply, and the first control switch 15 is controlled to delay for a certain period of time before disconnecting. If the magnetic field change rate is small during the duration of the magnetic field change event of the continuous change type or a period of time before the end, the first control switch 15 can also be controlled to close, and the power supply switching module 13 controls the external power supply 14 to supply power to charge the battery module 11. Under the premise that the electromagnetic pulse caused by the magnetic field change can be fully discharged, the battery module 11 can always maintain a relatively sufficient amount of power to cope with unexpected situations such as power failure of the external power supply 14.

[0046] By setting a first control switch 15 between the uninterruptible power supply 1 and the external power supply 14, setting two types of discharge circuits on the power supply line of the uninterruptible power supply 1, cooperating with the control module 12 to use the operation instructions and operation data of the superconducting device collected by the acquisition module 2 to make real-time predictions on the types of magnetic field change events that are about to occur in the superconducting device, and controlling the first control switch 15 and the two types of discharge circuits to perform corresponding enabling actions in advance based on different types of magnetic field change events, it is possible to prevent untimely protection caused by real-time detection of magnetic field changes after the magnetic field change has occurred, or erroneous operation caused by unstable control signals during transmission due to interference; at the same time, in conjunction with the characteristic that the uninterruptible power supply 1 can continuously provide power supply, it is possible to prevent the electromagnetic pulses caused by different types of magnetic field change events of the superconducting device from affecting the monitoring equipment, and to protect the safety of the monitoring equipment to the maximum extent. At the same time, the uninterruptible power supply can be fully utilized, and there is no need to regularly charge and discharge the uninterruptible power supply for maintenance.

[0047] As an optional embodiment, in order to fully ensure that the control signal is transmitted over as little distance as possible during the magnetic field change, the first control switch 15 can use a programmable timing switch, for example, a solid-state time relay, or a semiconductor switch with a timer. The control module 12 sends a timing signal in advance before the magnetic field change event occurs to set a first delay time for the timing switch. After the first delay time is reached, the timing switch can automatically operate according to the set first delay time to achieve delayed action of the control switch.

[0048] In one embodiment, the second control switch 16 and the third control switch 18 may also be time switches.

[0049] In one embodiment, during the operation of the superconducting device, for example, the local temperature or the overall temperature of the superconducting magnet may reach a critical temperature, causing a transient magnetic field change, thereby leading to a transient electromagnetic pulse. Therefore, in this embodiment, real-time operating data during the operation of the superconducting device can be input into a pre-trained magnetic field transient change prediction model to obtain a magnetic field transient change prediction probability. When the magnetic field transient change probability is greater than a preset probability value, the magnetic field change event type is determined to be a transient change type.

[0050] Among them, the transient change type magnetic field change event may include a flux jump or a quench. In this embodiment, a flux jump is used as an example for explanation:

[0051] When predicting the magnetic flux jump, the magnetic field transient change prediction model can use a critical state model or a thermal activation model for prediction.

[0052] In one embodiment, a superconducting magnet exists in a critical state, and its superconducting properties will change when the temperature approaches or reaches the critical temperature or the current reaches the critical current. Based on the critical state model, the possibility of flux jump can be predicted by monitoring and analyzing the parameters such as the magnetic field strength, temperature and current flowing through the superconducting magnet. For example, when the magnetic field strength gradually increases and approaches the critical magnetic field of the superconducting magnet, according to the theoretical calculation of the critical state model, it can be known that the magnetic flux distribution inside the superconducting material will become unstable at this time, and there is a greater possibility of flux jump. By continuously monitoring the relative relationship between the magnetic field strength and the critical magnetic field, it is possible to predict in advance whether the flux jump may occur.

[0053] In another embodiment, the flux jump of the superconducting magnet is often accompanied by the generation and transfer of heat. The thermal activation model takes into account the mechanism of heat generation inside the superconducting magnet (such as Joule heating, etc.) and the diffusion process of heat inside the material. By understanding the thermal parameters such as thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the superconducting magnet, combined with the current operating conditions such as current and magnetic field, the heat distribution that may be generated inside the material is calculated.

[0054] If the calculated heat distribution indicates that there is heat accumulation in a certain area and it may exceed a certain threshold, then it can be predicted that flux jump may occur in that area, because heat accumulation may cause the local temperature of the superconducting magnet to rise, thereby affecting its superconducting performance and causing flux jump.

[0055] In another embodiment, prediction can also be performed using the physical quantities of the superconducting magnet and a neural network model as a magnetic field transient change prediction model.

[0056] Before the magnetic field changes transiently, the temperature of the superconducting magnet, the flow rate of the cooling medium, the pressure and other non-electrical data can be used to predict whether the temperature of the superconducting magnet will reach the critical temperature. The change of electrical data such as current and voltage can also be used to predict whether the temperature of the superconducting magnet will reach the critical temperature. The change characteristics of non-electrical data and electrical data can also be used to make predictions together.

[0057] In one embodiment, since non-electrical data such as temperature, flow rate and pressure of cooling medium often have a certain hysteresis when predicting transient changes in the magnetic field of a superconducting magnet, and before the superconducting magnet has transient changes in the magnetic field, the non-electrical data has a cumulative effect, therefore, the probability of transient changes in the magnetic field can be predicted by using the time series cumulative change characteristics of the non-electrical data as a key feature. Similarly, the electrical data corresponding to the transient changes in the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet is real-time, so the probability of transient changes in the magnetic field can also be predicted by using the real-time change characteristics of electrical data such as current and voltage in the time domain, frequency domain and fluctuation as key features.

[0058] In this embodiment, non-electrical data such as temperature, flow rate and pressure of cooling medium and electrical data such as current and voltage are taken as input features to predict the probability of transient change of magnetic field. In this embodiment, time domain features of electrical data such as current and voltage can be calculated in real time, and frequency domain features and waveform features can be used to construct the first input features corresponding to the electrical data.

[0059] Acquire and sample the non-electrical data at a preset sampling frequency to construct a non-electrical data sequence based on a time series;

[0060] Based on the gated recurrent unit (GRU), the time series cumulative change characteristics of the non-electrical data are extracted to construct the second input features corresponding to the non-electrical data.

[0061] In this embodiment, the GRU has an update gate and a reset gate. The gate control unit can control the flow of information, determine which information should be passed and which information should be discarded, and regulate the interaction between input data and previous hidden states. By using the gate control unit, the GRU can effectively transfer and update information between different time steps, and can better capture the cumulative effect of non-electrical data sequences in time, that is, capture the cumulative change characteristics of multiple temperature feature sequences, flow feature sequences of cooling media, and pressure feature sequences under mutual coupling in time. It can then capture, for example, the coupling relationship between the gasification of cooling media caused by temperature changes and the flow changes or pressure changes. Therefore, it can accurately capture the dependence between the transient magnetic field changes of the magnet caused by the mutual coupling between the various features, thereby improving the accuracy of the prediction.

[0062] After obtaining the first input feature and the second input feature, the first input feature and the second input feature are input into the pre-trained magnetic field transient change prediction model to obtain the magnetic field transient change prediction probability. In this embodiment, the magnetic field transient change prediction model can use a BP neural network or a convolutional neural network to make accurate predictions through a feedforward mechanism.

[0063] When the probability of the transient change of the magnetic field is greater than a preset probability value, the first control switch 15 can be disconnected in advance to cut off the connection between the external power supply 14 and the monitoring device to reduce the transmission of the electromagnetic pulse caused by the transient magnetic field change on the external power supply 14 to the monitoring device. At the same time, the second control switch 16 is controlled to be closed to enable the first type of discharge circuit 17 so that the energy of the electromagnetic pulse generated in the uninterruptible power supply 1 can be discharged in time.

[0064] In one embodiment, when the operation instruction is a start operation instruction, it indicates that the superconducting magnet in the superconducting device is about to start charging and excitation. During the charging and excitation process of the superconducting magnet, if Figure 3 As shown, the change curve of charging current and charging current. The charging current of the superconducting magnet is continuously changing, and the magnetic field is also continuously changing. Due to the inductive reactance of the superconducting magnet, the rising rate of its charging current is slow at the beginning, and the corresponding magnetic field changes slowly. At this time, the rate of change of the magnetic field is low, and the electromagnetic pulse generated is small. Therefore, in the initial charging period, when the rate of change of the charging current of the superconducting magnet is slow, the external power supply 14 can be kept powered, or the external power supply 14 can be kept charging the battery module 11, the first control switch 15 is disconnected with a delay, and the power supply switching module 13 is switched to the battery module 11 with a delay for power supply. At the same time, the third control switch 18 is controlled to be closed to enable the second type of discharge circuit 19. Under the condition that the energy release of the electromagnetic pulse can be guaranteed, it is ensured that the battery module 11 always maintains a relatively sufficient amount of power to deal with unexpected situations such as power failure of the external power supply 14.

[0065] When the charging current of the superconducting magnet is close to its working current, the rate of change of the charging current gradually decreases, and the rate of change of the magnetic field also gradually decreases. When the charging current of the superconducting magnet is close to its working current, the first control switch 15 can also be controlled to close, the power supply switching module 13 switches to the external power supply 14 for power supply, and charges the battery module 11, and keeps the second type of discharge circuit 19 enabled. Under the condition that the energy release of the electromagnetic pulse can be guaranteed, it is ensured that the battery module 11 always maintains a relatively sufficient amount of power to cope with unexpected situations such as power failure of the external power supply 14.

[0066] In one embodiment, when the charging power supply charges the superconducting magnet with different charging currents, the charging current of the superconducting magnet is different. Therefore, when the magnetic field change event type is a continuous change type, the charging current corresponding to the start-up operation instruction is obtained, and the charging current is the current output by the charging power supply of the superconducting magnet; based on the charging current, the duration of the superconducting magnet magnetic field change rate being less than a preset change rate is determined as the first delay duration; the power supply switching module 13 is controlled to delay the first delay duration and then switch to the battery module 11 for power supply, and the first control switch 15 is controlled to disconnect after delaying the first delay duration, and the third control switch 18 is controlled to close.

[0067] In this embodiment, the corresponding first delay duration can be preset in advance for different charging currents. After the corresponding start instruction is obtained, the first delay duration corresponding to the start instruction can be directly used as the delay duration of the first control switch 15 and the power supply switching module 13.

[0068] In another embodiment, the first delay time can be determined by calculating the charging current and the physical parameters of the current superconducting device to calculate the charging current variation data with the charging time, wherein the charging current variation data with the charging time is: Isc=kt-kτ(1-e^(-t / τ)), wherein Isc is the charging current, k is the rising rate of the charging current, τ is the time constant of the superconducting magnet in the superconducting device, τ=L / Rc, L is the inductance of the superconducting magnet, Rc is the turn-to-turn resistance of the superconducting magnet, and t is the charging time.

[0069] The magnetic field change rate of the superconducting magnet with charging time is determined by the charging current change data with charging time. In this embodiment, the magnetic field change rate is synchronized with the charging current change rate. Therefore, in this embodiment, the charging current change rate can be used as the magnetic field change rate.

[0070] like Figure 3As shown, the duration between the charging start time and the first time t1 when the magnetic field change rate increases to the preset change rate is taken as the first delay time. The first time t1 when the magnetic field change rate increases to the preset change rate can be calculated by Isc=kt-kτ(1-e^(-t / τ)), thereby obtaining the first delay time.

[0071] After the first moment t1, the charging current presents a linear change with a relatively fast rate of change. During this period, the first control switch 15 remains disconnected to prevent the relatively fast changing magnetic field from causing a relatively large electromagnetic pulse on the external power source 14 to enter the monitoring device. As the charging time increases, the rate of change of the charging current gradually decreases. After it decreases to a preset rate of change, the external power source 14 can be introduced. Therefore, a control instruction of a second delay time can be output to the first control switch 15 and the power supply switching module 13 in advance, so that the external power source 14 is connected after the second delay time from the first moment t1, to ensure that the battery module 11 has sufficient remaining power.

[0072] In this embodiment, the second moment t2 when the rate of change of the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet with the charging time is less than the preset rate of change is determined based on the data of the change of the charging current with the charging time; the second moment t2 when the rate of change of the magnetic field is reduced to the preset rate of change can be calculated by Isc=kt-kτ(1-e^(-t / τ)); the duration between the first moment t1 and the second moment t2 is taken as the second delay duration; the first control switch 15 is controlled to close after delaying the second delay duration from the first moment t1, and the power supply switching module 13 is controlled to switch to the external power supply 14 for power supply after delaying the second delay duration from the first moment t1.

[0073] In one embodiment, as the charging time increases, the charging current gradually reaches the preset working current. At this time, the magnetic field is stable, and the third control switch 18 can be disconnected to cut out the second type of discharge circuit 19. Therefore, in this embodiment, the third moment t3 when the charging current reaches the working current of the superconducting magnet is determined based on the change data of the charging current with the charging time; the delay time between the second moment t2 and the third moment t3 is used as the third delay time; and the third control switch 18 is controlled to be disconnected after delaying the third delay time from the second moment t2. In this embodiment, the third control switch 18 can be a timing switch like the first control switch 15, and the control module 12 can output a delay control instruction to the third control switch 18 in advance. The third control switch 18 automatically performs the disconnection action after reaching the predetermined delay time (in this embodiment, the sum of the first delay time, the second delay time and the third delay time).

[0074] In another embodiment, since the electromagnetic pulse caused by the magnetic field change is smaller after the second moment t2, the impact on signal transmission is also smaller, and therefore, the signal transmission between the control module 12 and the third control switch 18 can be maintained. Therefore, the third control switch 18 can adopt a semiconductor switch to save costs. After reaching the third moment t3, the control module 12 outputs a disconnection instruction to the third control switch 18.

[0075] In one embodiment, the uninterruptible power supply 1 also includes an isolation communication module for communicating with the outside, and when the magnetic field change event type is a transient change type, the isolation communication module is disconnected. Since the control module 12 communicates with, for example, the acquisition module 2 or the external main control system to obtain the corresponding operation instructions and operation data before the magnetic field change event occurs, after determining the type of the magnetic field change event, especially when the magnetic field change event is a transient change type, in order to prevent the transient change of the magnetic field from affecting the monitoring equipment through the communication link, the isolation communication module can be disconnected in advance. When the magnetic field change event type is a continuous change type, the isolation communication module can isolate the electromagnetic pulses with relatively small amplitudes caused by the continuously changing magnetic field through the isolation device.

[0076] The embodiment of the present application also provides a protection system for a superconducting device monitoring device based on an uninterruptible power supply 1, such as Figure 1 As shown, the protection system includes an uninterruptible power supply 1 and a superconducting device operating status acquisition module 2, the acquisition module 2 acquires operating data and operating instructions of the superconducting device. Exemplarily, the acquisition module 2 can be connected to a control system of the superconducting device, and can also be connected to a monitoring device of the superconducting device, and the control instructions of the acquisition control system are used as operating instructions, and the operating parameters of the superconducting device monitored by the acquisition monitoring device are used as operating data.

[0077] The uninterruptible power supply 1 includes a battery module 11, a control module 12 and a power supply switching module 13. The control module 12 can use the MCU of the uninterruptible power supply 1, or a new MCU can be added as the control module 12. The input end of the power supply switching module 13 is connected to the battery module 11 and the external power supply 14 respectively, and the output end of the power supply switching module 13 is connected to the monitoring device, which is used to manage the charging of the battery module 11 and switch the power supply between the external power supply 14 and the battery module 11.

[0078] Since there are often multiple reasons for the generation of interference magnetic fields in superconducting devices, the changing current in the superconducting magnet during the startup, shutdown, and modulation of the superconducting device will cause a long-lasting magnetic field change, which may in turn cause a continuous electromagnetic pulse; in addition, when the superconducting device is in operation, different operating states may also cause rapid changes in the magnetic field. For example, when the local temperature or overall temperature of the superconducting magnet reaches a critical temperature during the operation of the superconducting device, it may cause a transient magnetic field change in part or all of the magnet, which may also cause a transient electromagnetic pulse with a high interference amplitude. Therefore, in the embodiment, different protective measures are taken to control the modified uninterruptible power supply 1 for different types of magnetic field change events generated during the operation of the superconducting device.

[0079] A first control switch 15 is provided between the power supply switching module 13 and the external power supply 14 in the uninterruptible power supply 1, and a first type discharge circuit 17 and a second type discharge circuit 19 are provided between the power supply switching module 13 and the monitoring device, respectively connected through a second control switch 16. The response rate of the first type discharge circuit 17 is greater than the response rate of the second type discharge circuit 19, and the discharge capacity of the first type discharge circuit 17 is less than the discharge capacity of the second type discharge circuit 19. Therefore, the first type discharge circuit 17 responds quickly to start the protection function, but its absorbed energy is limited, and the large energy of long-term continuous interference will damage the discharge circuit; the second type discharge circuit 19 can discharge a large amount of energy, but the response time is long. Therefore, in this embodiment, the corresponding discharge circuit can be selected according to the type of magnetic field change to ensure that the interference caused by the magnetic field change can be discharged in a timely and safe manner.

[0080] The interference caused by transient magnetic field changes is often an electromagnetic pulse interference with a short duration and high amplitude. Therefore, a timely and rapid response is required. The first type of discharge circuit 17 has a fast response rate, but a small discharge capacity, which is suitable for transient interference. However, due to the changes in the magnetic field caused by the charging and discharging process, the interference duration is relatively long, which may reach more than 1000s. The discharge capacity of the first type of discharge circuit 17 is not enough to discharge the energy. Therefore, a second type of discharge circuit 19 with a larger discharge capacity is required to discharge the electromagnetic pulse interference caused by this type of magnetic field change. At the same time, the external power supply 14 and the corresponding cables are one of the important ways for the electromagnetic pulse to be transmitted to the monitoring equipment. Therefore, when necessary, it is necessary to cut off the connection between the external power supply and the monitoring equipment, and use the continuous power supply capacity of the uninterruptible power supply 1 to cooperate to minimize the electromagnetic pulse that can enter the monitoring equipment.

[0081] Among them, the first type of discharge circuit 17 can adopt at least one of a transient suppression diode, an ultra-high power transient suppression diode, a glass gas discharge tube or a semiconductor discharge tube, and the second type of discharge circuit 19 can adopt a ceramic gas discharge tube or a varistor, or the second type of discharge circuit 19 can also adopt a discharge circuit with an ultra-high power transient suppression diode and a ceramic gas discharge tube or a varistor in series.

[0082] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing the hardware related to the terminal device through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: a flash drive, ROM, RAM, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.

[0083] Anything not described in this application can be achieved by adopting or drawing on existing technologies.

[0084] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0085] The above are only embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A protection method for superconducting device monitoring equipment based on uninterruptible power supply, characterized in that: Applied to a protection system, the protection system includes an acquisition module for the operation status of an uninterruptible power supply and a superconducting device; wherein the acquisition module is used to acquire the operation instructions and operation data of the superconducting device; The uninterruptible power supply comprises a battery module, a control module and a power supply switching module, the input end of the power supply switching module is respectively connected to the battery module and the external power supply, and the output end of the power supply switching module is connected to the monitoring device; a first control switch is arranged between the power supply switching module and the external power supply, and a first type of discharge circuit connected through a second control switch and a second type of discharge circuit connected through a third control switch are arranged between the power supply switching module and the monitoring device, the response rate of the first type of discharge circuit is greater than the response rate of the second type of discharge circuit, and the discharge capacity of the first type of discharge circuit is less than the discharge capacity of the second type of discharge circuit; the acquisition module is connected to the control module, and the protection method comprises: Acquiring the operation instructions and operation data of the superconducting device collected by the collection module; Predicting a magnetic field change event type based on the operation instruction and / or the operation data, wherein the magnetic field change event type includes a transient change type and a continuous change type, includes: Predicting a transient change type in a magnetic field change event type based on the operation data; When the operation instruction is a start operation instruction or a stop operation instruction, determining that the magnetic field change event type is a continuous change type; When the magnetic field change event type is a transient change type, controlling the power supply switching module to switch the power supply of the monitoring device to the battery module, and controlling the first control switch to be disconnected, and controlling the second control switch to be closed; When the magnetic field change event type is a continuous change type, the third control switch is controlled to close, the power supply switching module is controlled to delay for a first delay time and then switch to the battery module for power supply, and the first control switch is controlled to delay for the first delay time and then disconnect, wherein the first delay time is determined based on the magnetic field change state of the magnetic field change event.

2. The protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the operation of the superconducting device, predicting the type of magnetic field change event based on the operation data includes: The operating data is input into a pre-trained magnetic field transient change prediction model to obtain a magnetic field transient change prediction probability, and when the magnetic field transient change prediction probability is greater than a preset probability value, the magnetic field change event type is determined to be a transient change type.

3. The protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the period when the superconducting device stops operating, the type of magnetic field change event predicted based on the operating instruction includes: When the magnetic field change event type is a continuous change type, obtaining a charging current corresponding to the start-up operation instruction, where the charging current is a current output by a charging power supply of a superconducting magnet in a superconducting device; Determine, based on the charging current, a duration during which the rate of change of the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet is less than a preset rate of change as the first delay duration; The power supply switching module is controlled to delay for the first delay time and then switch to the battery module for power supply, and the first control switch is controlled to be disconnected after delaying for the first delay time, and the third control switch is controlled to be closed.

4. The protection method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first control switch is a programmable timing switch; The controlling the power supply switching module to delay the first delay time to switch to the battery module for power supply, and controlling the first control switch to delay the first delay time to disconnect includes: Generate a first delay instruction based on the first delay duration; The first delay instruction is transmitted to the first control switch to set the first control switch to be disconnected after delaying for the first delay time.

5. The protection method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The determining, based on the charging current, of the duration of the superconducting magnet magnetic field change rate being less than a preset change rate as the first delay duration comprises: Acquiring physical parameters of the superconducting device; Determine data of changes in charging current of the superconducting magnet over charging time based on the charging current and physical parameters of the superconducting device; Determining the magnetic field change rate of the superconducting magnet with charging time based on the charging current change data with charging time; The duration between the charging start time and the first time when the magnetic field change rate increases to the preset change rate is used as the first delay time.

6. The protection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: Determine, based on the data of the change of the charging current with the charging time, a second moment when the rate of change of the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet with the charging time is less than the preset rate of change; The duration between the first moment and the second moment is taken as the second delay duration; The first control switch is controlled to close after delaying the second delay time from the first moment, and the power supply switching module is controlled to switch to the external power supply after delaying the second delay time from the first moment.

7. The protection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: Determining a third time when the charging current reaches the working current of the superconducting magnet based on the data of the change of the charging current with the charging time; The delay time between the second moment and the third moment is used as the third delay time; The third control switch is controlled to be turned off after a third delay time from the second moment.

8. The protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The uninterruptible power supply further comprises an isolated communication module for communicating with the outside, and when the magnetic field change event type is a transient change type, the isolated communication module is disconnected.

9. A protection system for superconducting device monitoring equipment based on uninterruptible power supply, characterized in that: include: A module for collecting the operating status of the uninterruptible power supply and the superconducting device; wherein the collecting module is used to collect the operating instructions and operating data of the superconducting device; The uninterruptible power supply includes a battery module, a control module and a power supply switching module, the input end of the power supply switching module is respectively connected to the battery module and the external power supply, and the output end of the power supply switching module is connected to the monitoring device; a first control switch is arranged between the power supply switching module and the external power supply, and a first type of discharge circuit and a second type of discharge circuit are arranged between the power supply switching module and the monitoring device, which are respectively connected through a second control switch, the response rate of the first type of discharge circuit is greater than the response rate of the second type of discharge circuit, and the discharge capacity of the first type of discharge circuit is less than the discharge capacity of the second type of discharge circuit; the acquisition module is connected to the control module, and the control module is used to execute the protection method of the superconducting device monitoring device based on the uninterruptible power supply according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. The protection system according to claim 9, characterized in that The uninterruptible power supply further includes an isolated communication module for communicating with the outside. When the magnetic field change event type is a transient change type, the control module controls the isolated communication module to disconnect.

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