Hollow extrusion forming device and method for aero-engine shaft

Abstract

The invention relates to a hollow extrusion forming device and method for an aero-engine shaft, and relates to the technical field of shaft extrusion, the extrusion forming device comprises a base and an extrusion mechanism, and the extrusion mechanism comprises an extrusion cylinder arranged on the base, provided with a forming hole and used for a blank; the variable-diameter core rod sequentially penetrates through the initial hole and the forming hole from the end, away from the forming hole, of the extrusion cylinder; the extrusion die is installed on the inner side wall of the extrusion cylinder in a sliding mode and used for extruding the blank and enabling the blank to be attached to the variable-diameter core rod to be formed; and the first driving assembly and the second driving assembly are used for driving the variable-diameter core rod and the extrusion die to move correspondingly. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the initial hole of the blank is firstly subjected to extrusion forming through the variable-diameter core rod, then the blank is extruded by the extrusion die to be attached to the variable-diameter core rod to form all the variable-diameter holes, meanwhile, the whole shape of the shaft part is formed, and therefore stress generated when the variable-diameter core rod is machined is greatly reduced; and the production efficiency of the shaft piece is improved, and the production cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of shaft extrusion, and in particular to a hollow extrusion molding device and method for an aircraft engine shaft. Background Art

[0002] The fan shaft of an aviation turbofan engine bears a huge torque load when working, transferring the turbine power to the fan, driving the large-size fan to rotate and generate thrust. The fan shaft design of aviation turbofan engines is developing rapidly. The fan shaft design of traditional engines is mostly a gradual drum-shaped structure; the latest development is a closed-end bottle-shaped structure. This type of fan shaft has the characteristics of unequal inner diameters, variable cross-sections inside and outside, bosses on the outer wall port, and bosses in the middle of the inner wall.

[0003] At present, both at home and abroad, extrusion technology is used as a research direction for shaft preparation. Shafts produced by extrusion technology have large deformation and one-time forming. They have the advantages of continuous streamlines, good uniformity of organization and performance, and fine organization.

[0004] Prior to this, fan shafts were usually formed using a combination die process. This type of combined process uses solid extrusion molding, with the rod free drawing process + die forging forming the head. First, a core rod is used to extrude the solid billet to form a variable diameter hole, and then an extrusion die is used to extrude the billet head to form a shaft. However, this process has a very large extrusion volume during the extrusion process, and the core rod is a slender structure, which causes the core rod to be subjected to great force and there is a risk of breaking. In order to reduce this risk, it is necessary to strictly control the moving speed of the core rod during the extrusion process, which makes the efficiency of shaft production low and the cost high. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to improve the efficiency of shaft production and reduce production costs, the present application provides a hollow extrusion molding device and method for an aircraft engine shaft.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a hollow extrusion molding device for an aircraft engine shaft, which adopts the following technical solution: A hollow extrusion molding device for an aircraft engine shaft comprises a base and an extrusion mechanism arranged on the base, wherein the extrusion mechanism comprises: An extrusion cylinder, which is arranged on the base and has a forming hole near one end of the base and is used to place the blank with the initial hole; A reducing mandrel, the reducing mandrel sequentially passes through the initial hole and the forming hole from the end of the extrusion barrel away from the forming hole, the diameter of the initial hole being smaller than the maximum diameter of the reducing mandrel; An extrusion die, which is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the extrusion barrel from the end of the extrusion barrel away from the forming hole and is used to extrude the end of the blank away from the forming hole and make the blank fit on the variable diameter mandrel for forming. The extrusion die is provided with a passage hole for the variable diameter mandrel to pass through; The first driving assembly and the second driving assembly are used to drive the variable diameter mandrel and the extrusion die to move respectively.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, the blank is first heated and then placed in the extrusion barrel, and then the first driving component is started to drive the variable diameter mandrel to move, so that the variable diameter mandrel passes through the initial hole and the forming hole of the blank and extrude the initial hole, and the second driving component is started to drive the extrusion die to move and extrude the blank, so that the blank is deformed and fits on the variable diameter mandrel to form the required variable diameter hole, and the shaft is obtained after the blank is formed, and the first driving component is started to drive the variable diameter mandrel to move back away from the shaft, and at this time the extrusion die continues to position the shaft, reducing the probability of deformation due to movement of the shaft, and finally the second driving component is started to drive the extrusion die to move back away from the shaft, and finally the shaft is removed.

[0008] The initial hole of the blank is first extruded by the reducing mandrel, and then the extrusion die extrude the blank so that the blank fits on the reducing mandrel to form all the reducing holes and the entire shape of the shaft. Therefore, the force on the reducing mandrel during processing is greatly reduced, and the risk of the reducing mandrel being broken is reduced. Therefore, the moving speed of the reducing mandrel is accelerated, the production efficiency of the shaft is improved, and the production cost is reduced. The speed and position of the moving variable diameter mandrel are controlled by the first driving component, so the position of the variable diameter hole can be controlled as needed, and the moving speed of the variable diameter mandrel can be controlled to adapt to the deformation of the blank, so that the deformation stress of the blank can be controlled moderately, thereby improving the quality of the shaft after extrusion and reducing the production cost during extrusion. The blank can also be positioned by the extrusion die when the variable diameter mandrel moves back, thereby further improving the production quality, efficiency and production cost of the shaft.

[0009] Optionally, an extrusion hole is opened at one end of the extrusion cylinder close to the base, an extrusion ring is slidably installed on the extrusion hole along the axis of the extrusion cylinder, the forming hole is located on the extrusion ring, and a moving component for driving the extrusion ring to move is provided on the base.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the replacement of the extrusion ring can adapt to the production of different forming holes. After the blank is extruded into a shaft, the extrusion die is away from the shaft, and the moving component is started to drive the extrusion ring to move and push the shaft out of the extrusion barrel to complete the unloading, thereby further improving the production efficiency of the shaft and reducing the production cost.

[0011] Optionally, a heating mechanism is provided on the extrusion cylinder, and the heating mechanism comprises: A heating tube, wherein the heating tube is rotatably mounted on one end of the extrusion barrel away from the base and the axis of the rotation direction is perpendicular to the axis of the extrusion barrel, an extrusion cavity for placing the blank is provided in the extrusion barrel, and a heating cavity for placing the blank is provided in the heating tube, and after the heating tube is rotated, it is positioned against the extrusion barrel and the heating cavity and the extrusion cavity are aligned and connected and have the same diameter, or, after the heating tube is rotated, it is away from the extrusion barrel and is convenient for adding the blank into the heating cavity; A rotating assembly, which is arranged on the extrusion cylinder and is used to drive the heating tube to rotate; A heating component, which is arranged on the extrusion cylinder and is used to heat the heating cavity and the extrusion cavity; A positioning assembly, which is arranged on the heating tube and positions the variable diameter mandrel under the action of elastic force; the extrusion die and the variable diameter mandrel are slidably installed on the heating cavity before entering the extrusion cavity; When the blank needs to be extruded, the first drive assembly and the second drive assembly are respectively connected to the variable diameter mandrel and the extrusion die; when the heating tube needs to be rotated away from the extrusion cylinder, the first drive assembly and the second drive assembly are respectively disengaged from the variable diameter mandrel and the extrusion die to avoid the position.

[0012] By adopting the above technical scheme, the blank is placed in the heating chamber, the rotating component is started to drive the heating tube to rotate and then abut against the extrusion barrel, and the extrusion die and the reducing mandrel are located in the heating chamber, so the heating component is started to heat the extrusion die, the reducing mandrel and the blank in the heating chamber together, and at the same time, when the heating chamber is heated, the heat can also be transferred to the extrusion chamber to heat the extrusion chamber, and then the reducing mandrel moves to push the blank into the extrusion chamber until the blank abuts against the extrusion chamber for positioning, and at the same time, the heating component continues to heat when the reducing mandrel moves, and the reducing mandrel continues to move through the initial hole and the forming hole, and then the extrusion die moves to extrude the blank to form a shaft, and then the reducing mandrel moves back away from the shaft, and then the extrusion die moves away from the shaft, the first drive component and the second drive component are respectively disengaged from the reducing mandrel and the extrusion die, and at this time the positioning component can position the reducing mandrel, the rotating component is started to drive the heating tube away from the extrusion barrel, and then the extrusion ring is started to push the blank to move for discharge.

[0013] Therefore, the extrusion die, the variable diameter mandrel, the blank and the extrusion cavity are heated by the heating cavity, so that the temperature of each structure and the extrusion position tends to be consistent and the convenience of heating is improved. At the same time, the heating cavity can guide the blank when it enters the extrusion cavity, thereby further improving the production quality and efficiency of the shaft and reducing the production cost; Because the extrusion barrel needs to be extruded, the extrusion barrel will be designed to be thicker and stronger. If a heating structure is set on the outside of the extrusion barrel in such a design, it will be more difficult and less efficient to heat the heating structure. Therefore, the heating is carried out through the heating chamber instead of directly heating the extrusion barrel. The heating tube does not need to be extruded and therefore does not require the above design requirements. Therefore, the heating tube can be designed to be more conducive to heating. At the same time, hot air can be directly introduced into the extrusion chamber for heating, which greatly improves the heating efficiency and the cost required for heating, thereby further improving the production quality and efficiency of the shaft and reducing the production cost.

[0014] Optionally, the rotating assembly includes: Two rotating blocks, the two rotating blocks are rotatably arranged on the heating tube and the extrusion cylinder; The telescopic parts are respectively connected to the two rotating blocks and are used to drive the heating tube to rotate.

[0015] Optionally, the heating component includes: A heating frame, wherein the heating frame is arranged on the inner wall of the heating tube and cooperates with the inner wall of the heating tube to form an installation cavity, the inner wall of the heating tube forms a heating cavity, and the heating frame is evenly provided with a plurality of overheating holes connecting the installation cavity and the heating cavity; A heating wire is arranged on the heating frame and located in the installation cavity.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the heating wire starts to heat, so that hot air enters the heating chamber through the overheating hole for heating, thereby heating the heating chamber and the objects in the heating chamber. Heating is achieved through the overheating hole, which further improves the heating efficiency.

[0017] Optionally, the heating tube is in a horizontal state when it abuts against the extrusion barrel and is positioned after being rotated to a vertical state under the action of the rotating assembly; the length of the heating chamber is greater than the length of the billet. When the billet is placed on the heating chamber and the heating tube abuts against the extrusion barrel, the overheating hole is connected to the heating chamber located on the side of the billet close to the extrusion barrel and allows hot air to enter the extrusion chamber for heating.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the blank is placed in the heating chamber, and the heating chamber is in a vertical state at this time, so that the blank moves downward directly under the action of gravity, thereby improving the convenience when loading the blank; and the length of the blank is smaller than the length of the heating chamber, so that the hot air can directly pass through the heating chamber into the extrusion chamber, thereby further improving the heating efficiency and effect in the extrusion chamber, and reducing the probability of inconsistency between the extrusion chamber temperature and the blank, thereby further improving the production quality and efficiency of the shaft and reducing the production cost.

[0019] Optionally, a plurality of positioning components are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the heating tube, and the positioning components include: A positioning block, wherein the positioning block is slidably mounted on the heating tube in a direction close to or away from the reducing mandrel; A spring sheet, which is arranged on the heating tube and connected to the positioning block; A positioning roller, which is rotatably arranged on the positioning block and is pressed against the reducing mandrel for positioning under the elastic force of the spring sheet; The positioning ring is arranged on the heating tube. When the reducing mandrel moves away from the shaft, it abuts against the positioning ring for positioning. After the heating tube rotates away from the extrusion cylinder, the reducing mandrel presses against the positioning ring for support and positioning.

[0020] By adopting the above technical scheme, a plurality of positioning rollers are pressed against the variable diameter mandrel for positioning under the action of the spring sheet. Therefore, when the first driving component is connected to the variable diameter mandrel, the variable diameter mandrel is driven to move, and the movement of the variable diameter mandrel pushes the positioning roller to rotate. After the variable diameter mandrel moves, it is pressed against the positioning ring for positioning. Then the first driving component is separated from the variable diameter mandrel, and the positioning ring and the positioning roller can position the position of the variable diameter mandrel. Moreover, after the heating tube rotates away from the extrusion cylinder, the variable diameter mandrel is pressed against the positioning ring for positioning under the action of gravity, thereby further positioning the position of the variable diameter mandrel, improving the accuracy of the position of the variable diameter mandrel during the movement process, and improving the stability and quality during extrusion. At the same time, a plurality of positioning rollers make the variable diameter mandrel always in the center position, thereby further improving the production quality and efficiency of the shaft and reducing the production cost.

[0021] Optionally, the first driving component includes: A driving rod, the driving rod is slidably disposed on the base in a direction approaching or moving away from the reducing mandrel; Magnet one and iron sheet one, wherein the magnet one and iron sheet one are respectively arranged on the opposite ends of the driving rod and the reducing core rod and are tightly pressed together for positioning; the driving rod drives the reducing core rod to rest against the base for positioning, and the driving rod continues to move so that the driving rod and the reducing core rod are separated and are used for avoiding position when the heating tube rotates.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the driving rod approaches and rests on the reducing mandrel, so that magnet one and iron sheet one are adsorbed together and connected to each other, and the driving rod moves to push the reducing mandrel to move and push the blank to move; when the driving rod moves back, it also drives the reducing mandrel to move back, so that the reducing mandrel rests on the base for positioning, and the driving rod continues to move back to disengage the driving rod from the reducing mandrel, thereby connecting or disengaging the driving rod from the reducing mandrel.

[0023] The driving rod and the reducing core rod are subjected to greater force when they are pressed against each other, but less force when they move back, so magnet one and iron sheet one can be separated or connected at the same time. Therefore, the structure is simple and the operation is stable, thereby further improving the production quality and efficiency of the shaft and reducing the production cost.

[0024] Optionally, the second driving component includes: A moving rod, the moving rod being slidably disposed on the base in a direction approaching or moving away from the extrusion die; A connecting rod, wherein the connecting rod is arranged on the extrusion die; Magnet 2 and iron sheet 2 are respectively arranged on the opposite ends of the moving rod and the connecting rod and are tightly pressed together for positioning; the extrusion die is pressed against the heating chamber for positioning and as the moving rod continues to move, the moving rod and the connecting rod are separated.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the moving rod moves close to the connecting rod so that the moving rod abuts against the connecting rod. At this time, the second magnet and the second iron sheet are attracted to connect the moving rod and the connecting rod to each other, and the moving rod moves back to drive the connecting rod and the extrusion die to move back, so that the extrusion die abuts against the heating chamber for positioning, and the moving rod continues to move back, that is, the moving rod and the connecting rod are separated from each other, thereby realizing the connection or separation of the moving rod and the extrusion die.

[0026] In a second aspect, the present application provides an extrusion molding method, which adopts the following technical solution: An extrusion molding method comprises the following steps: Discharging: Place the blank into the heating tube, start the rotating assembly to drive the heating tube against the extrusion cylinder for positioning; Heating: The heating wire starts to heat the billet, extrusion die and reducing mandrel in the heating chamber, and hot air also enters the extrusion chamber for heating; Mobile extrusion: The first drive assembly starts to drive the variable diameter mandrel to move and push the blank into the extrusion cavity for positioning, then the variable diameter mandrel continues to move so that the variable diameter mandrel passes through the blank, then the second drive assembly starts to drive the extrusion die into the extrusion cavity to extrude the blank to form a shaft; the variable diameter mandrel first moves away from the shaft, and then the extrusion die moves away from the shaft; Discharging: The rotating assembly starts to drive the heating tube to rotate away from the extrusion cylinder, and then the moving assembly starts to push the shaft out of the extrusion chamber to complete the discharging.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the blank is placed in the heating tube, and the heating tube is pressed against the extrusion cylinder for positioning; the heating wire is started to heat the blank, the extrusion die, the reducing mandrel, and the extrusion cavity; the reducing mandrel moves to push the blank into the extrusion cavity for positioning, and then the reducing mandrel continues to move so that the reducing mandrel passes through the blank, and then the extrusion die enters the extrusion cavity to extrude the blank to form a shaft.

[0028] The reducing mandrel first moves away from the billet, then the extrusion die moves away from the billet, the rotating assembly starts to drive the heating tube to rotate away from the extrusion cylinder, and then the moving assembly starts to push the billet out of the extrusion cavity to complete the discharge, which improves the convenience of loading and unloading and heating during the extrusion process, thereby improving the production quality and efficiency of the shaft and reducing the production cost.

[0029] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The initial hole of the blank is first extruded by the reducing mandrel, and then the blank is extruded by the extrusion die so that the blank fits on the reducing mandrel to form all the reducing holes and the entire shape of the shaft. Therefore, the force on the reducing mandrel during processing is greatly reduced, and the risk of the reducing mandrel being broken is reduced. Therefore, the moving speed of the reducing mandrel is accelerated, the production efficiency of the shaft is improved, and the production cost is reduced. 2. The speed and position of the variable diameter mandrel are controlled by the first driving component, so the position of the variable diameter hole can be controlled as needed, and the moving speed of the variable diameter mandrel can be controlled to adapt to the deformation of the blank, so that the deformation stress of the blank is controlled moderately, thereby improving the quality of the shaft after extrusion and reducing the production cost during extrusion. The shaft can also be positioned by the extrusion die when the variable diameter mandrel moves back, thereby further improving the production quality, efficiency and production cost of the shaft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extrusion molding device. At this time, the blank is located in the extrusion cavity and is extruded, and the heating tube is turned to a horizontal state; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram of the middle A part; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extrusion molding device, at which time the heating tube is turned to a vertical state; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram of the middle part B; Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of part C in the middle.

[0031] Reference numerals: 1, base; 11, horizontal portion; 12, first vertical portion; 13, second vertical portion; 14, blank; 15, initial hole; 16, avoidance hole; 2, extrusion mechanism; 21, extrusion cylinder; 22, variable diameter mandrel; 221, cylindrical section; 222, transition section; 23, extrusion die; 24, extrusion cavity; 25, extrusion hole; 26, moving column; 27, extrusion ring; 28, forming hole; 29, passage hole; 3, moving assembly; 31, moving member; 32, moving plate; 4, first driving assembly; 41, driving rod; 42, magnet 1; 43. Iron sheet one; 5. Second driving assembly; 51. Moving rod; 52. Connecting rod; 53. Magnet two; 54. Iron sheet two; 6. Heating mechanism; 61. Heating tube; 62. Accommodating cavity; 63. Mounting cover; 64. First mounting hole; 65. Second mounting hole; 7. Rotating assembly; 71. Rotating block; 72. Telescopic member; 8. Heating assembly; 81. Heating frame; 82. Heating wire; 83. Mounting cavity; 84. Heating cavity; 85. Overheating hole; 9. Positioning assembly; 91. Positioning block; 92. Spring piece; 93. Positioning roller; 94. Positioning ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following is combined with Figure 1-5 This application is described in further detail.

[0033] The embodiment of the present application discloses a hollow extrusion molding device for an aircraft engine shaft.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 The hollow extrusion molding device for an aircraft engine shaft includes a base 1, an extrusion mechanism 2 and a heating mechanism 6 arranged on the base 1, the extrusion mechanism 2 is used for extruding a blank 14, and the heating mechanism 6 is used for heating and keeping the blank 14 and the extrusion mechanism 2 warm.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The base 1 includes a horizontal portion 11 in a horizontal state and a first vertical portion 12 and a second vertical portion 13 fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the horizontal portion 11 and in a vertical state. The extrusion mechanism 2 includes an extrusion cylinder 21, which is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the second vertical portion 13 near the first vertical portion 12. The extrusion cylinder 21 is in a horizontal state. An extrusion cavity 24 is coaxially provided in the extrusion cylinder 21. The extrusion cavity 24 passes through the end of the extrusion cylinder 21 away from the second vertical portion 13. An extrusion hole 25 communicating with the second vertical portion 13 is coaxially provided in the extrusion cavity 24 near the end of the second vertical portion 13. The extrusion cavity 24 is for placing a blank 14 for extrusion molding. An initial hole 15 penetrating the blank 14 is coaxially provided on the blank 14. A avoidance hole 16 coaxial with the extrusion hole 25 is provided on the second vertical portion 13, and the diameter of the avoidance hole 16 is smaller than the diameter of the extrusion hole 25.

[0036] A moving column 26 is slidably installed on the second vertical portion 13, and the sliding direction of the moving column 26 is parallel to the axis of the extrusion hole 25. An extrusion ring 27 is fixedly installed on the moving column 26. The extrusion ring 27 is coaxially arranged with the extrusion hole 25 and plugged into the extrusion hole 25. The side wall of the extrusion ring 27 facing away from the moving column 26 is flush with the end of the extrusion cavity 24 close to the extrusion hole 25. A forming hole 28 is coaxially opened on the extrusion ring 27 to penetrate the extrusion ring 27, and the diameter of the forming hole 28 is less than or equal to the diameter of the avoidance hole 16.

[0037] The second vertical portion 13 is provided with a moving assembly 3 for driving the moving column 26 and the extrusion ring 27 to move. The moving assembly 3 includes a moving part 31 and a moving plate 32. The moving part 31 is a moving cylinder, an electric push rod, etc. The moving part 31 is fixedly mounted on the second vertical portion 13, and the moving plate 32 is fixedly mounted on the piston rod of the moving part 31 and is fixedly connected to the moving column 26; the moving part 31 is started to drive the moving column 26 and the extrusion ring 27 to move, so that the extrusion ring 27 is plugged into the extrusion hole 25, or the extrusion ring 27 is pushed into the extrusion cavity 24.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 The heating mechanism 6 includes a heating tube 61 and a rotating assembly 7. One end of the heating tube 61 is rotatably mounted on the outer wall of the end of the extrusion barrel 21 away from the second vertical portion 13, and the rotating direction of the heating tube 61 is horizontal and perpendicular to the axis of the extrusion barrel 21. When the heating tube 61 is rotated to a horizontal state, it is pressed against the extrusion barrel 21 for positioning, or, when the heating tube 61 is rotated to a vertical state, it is located below the extrusion barrel 21.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The rotating assembly 7 is arranged on the extrusion cylinder 21 and is used to drive the heating tube 61 to rotate to a horizontal or vertical state. A plurality of rotating assemblies 7 are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the heating tube 61. The rotating assembly 7 includes two rotating blocks 71 and a telescopic member 72. The two rotating blocks 71 are rotatably installed on the extrusion cylinder 21 and the heating tube 61; the telescopic member 72 is a telescopic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. The telescopic member 72 is fixedly installed on the rotating block 71 and the piston rod is connected to the other rotating block 71. When the telescopic member 72 is started, it drives the heating tube 61 to rotate.

[0040] The heating mechanism 6 also includes a heating component 8. A accommodating cavity 62 is coaxially opened at one end of the heating tube 61 close to the extrusion cylinder 21. The heating component 8 is arranged on the heating tube 61. The heating component 8 includes a heating frame 81 and a heating wire 82. The heating frame 81 is coaxially fixedly installed on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 62, and the heating frame 81 and the accommodating cavity 62 cooperate to form an installation cavity 83, and the inner wall of the heating frame 81 forms a heating cavity 84 with two ends passing through. The axes of the heating cavity 84 and the extrusion cavity 24 coincide and have the same diameter. At the same time, a plurality of overheating holes 85 are arranged on the inner wall of the heating frame 81 along the radial and circumferential arrays of the heating frame 81, and the overheating holes 85 connect the installation cavity 83 and the heating cavity 84.

[0041] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The heating wire 82 is fixedly mounted on the heating frame 81 , and the heating wire 82 is located in the mounting cavity 83 and is used to heat the mounting cavity 83 . The hot air heats the items in the heating cavity 84 through the overheating hole 85 . At the same time, the hot air can also enter the extrusion cavity 24 to heat the extrusion cavity 24 .

[0042] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The extrusion mechanism 2 also includes a reducing mandrel 22 and an extrusion die 23. The axis of the reducing mandrel 22 coincides with the axis of the extrusion barrel 21. The reducing mandrel 22 includes a plurality of coaxially connected cylindrical segments 221 and a plurality of transition segments 222. Both ends of each transition segment 222 are coaxially connected to two adjacent cylindrical segments 221 and the diameters of both ends are the same as the diameters of the two cylindrical segments 221. The diameters of the plurality of cylindrical segments 221 decrease successively, and the cylindrical segment 221 closest to the second vertical portion 13 has the smallest diameter. At the same time, the cylindrical segment 221 with the largest diameter has a diameter greater than the diameter of the initial hole 15.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 A mounting cover 63 is coaxially fixedly installed on one end of the heating tube 61 away from the extrusion cylinder 21, and a first mounting hole 64 is coaxially opened on the end of the mounting cover 63 away from the heating tube 61. A second mounting hole 65 is coaxially opened on the end of the heating tube 61 provided with the mounting cover 63, and the second mounting hole 65 is connected to the heating chamber 84; the diameters of the first mounting hole 64 and the second mounting hole 65 are the same as the diameter of the cylindrical section 221 with the largest diameter.

[0044] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The heating mechanism 6 also includes a positioning component 9, which is arranged in the mounting cover 63 and positions the reducing mandrel 22 under the action of elastic force. A plurality of positioning components 9 are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the first mounting hole 64. The plurality of positioning components 9 make the reducing mandrel 22 coincide with the axes of the first mounting hole 64 and the second mounting hole 65.

[0045] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 The positioning assembly 9 includes a positioning block 91, a spring piece 92, a positioning roller 93 and a positioning ring 94. The positioning block 91 is slidably installed on the inner wall of the mounting cover 63 in a direction close to or away from the reducing mandrel 22. The spring piece 92 is arranged on the mounting cover 63 and connected to the positioning block 91. The positioning roller 93 is rotatably installed on the positioning block 91. Under the elastic force of the spring piece 92, multiple positioning rollers 93 are pressed against the cylindrical section 221 or the transition section 222 for positioning, so that the axes of the reducing mandrel 22 and the first mounting hole 64 coincide with each other; the positioning ring 94 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the mounting cover 63 where the first mounting hole 64 is opened, and the positioning ring 94 is arc-shaped and coincides with the axis of the first mounting hole 64.

[0046] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 After passing through the first mounting hole 64, the reducing mandrel 22 enters between the multiple positioning rollers 93. The reducing mandrel 22 moves and pushes the multiple positioning rollers 93 to rotate, so that the reducing mandrel 22 passes through the second mounting hole 65 and enters the heating chamber 84; after the reducing mandrel 22 moves away from the extrusion cylinder 21, it rests on the positioning ring 94 for positioning, and when the heating tube 61 and the reducing mandrel 22 are turned to a vertical state, the reducing mandrel 22 is pressed against the positioning ring 94 for support and positioning, and at the same time, the multiple positioning rollers 93 are pressed against the reducing mandrel 22 for positioning.

[0047] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The extrusion die 23 is in a circular shape and its axis coincides with the axis of the heating chamber 84. The outer diameter of the extrusion die 23 is the same as the diameter of the heating chamber 84. A through hole 29 is coaxially provided on the extrusion die 23 for the variable diameter core rod 22 to pass through. The extrusion die 23 is slidably installed on the heating chamber 84, and the diameter of the through hole 29 is the same as the diameter of the cylindrical section 221 with the largest diameter.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 , the length of the heating chamber 84 is greater than the length of the billet 14, and the heating tube 61 is turned to a vertical state. At this time, the heating chamber 84 is in a vertical state and the extrusion die 23 is slidably installed on the bottom of the heating chamber 84 for positioning, and the positioning assembly 9 is pressed against the cylindrical section 221 for positioning, and then the billet 14 is placed in the heating chamber 84, and the heating tube 61 is rotated to abut against the extrusion cylinder 21 for positioning. At this time, the heating chamber 84 and the extrusion chamber 24 are aligned, and the overheating hole 85 is connected to the heating chamber 84 located on the side of the billet 14 close to the extrusion cylinder 21, so that the hot air can directly pass through the heating chamber 84 into the extrusion chamber 24 to heat the extrusion chamber 24.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5, the heating wire 82 starts to heat the air in the installation cavity 83, and the hot air enters the heating cavity 84 through the overheating hole 85 to heat the extrusion die 23, the reducing mandrel 22 and the blank 14 located in the heating cavity 84. At the same time, a gap is maintained between the blank 14 and the extrusion cylinder 21, so that the hot air enters the heating cavity 84 through the overheating hole 85, and then the hot air enters the extrusion cavity 24 through the heating cavity 84 to heat the extrusion cavity 24, so that the extrusion cavity 24, the blank 14, the extrusion die 23 and the reducing mandrel 22 are heated at the same time.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The extrusion mechanism 2 further includes a first driving assembly 4 and a second driving assembly 5, and the first driving assembly 4 and the second driving assembly 5 are respectively used to drive the variable diameter mandrel 22 and the extrusion die 23 to move.

[0051] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 After the first driving component 4 is started to drive the reducing mandrel 22 to move into the heating chamber 84, the hot gas continues to heat the newly entered reducing mandrel 22, and the reducing mandrel 22 pushes the blank 14 into the extrusion chamber 24 until the blank 14 abuts against the extrusion ring 27 for positioning, and the reducing mandrel 22 continues to move through and extrude the initial hole 15, so that the reducing mandrel 22 passes through the forming hole 28 and extends into the avoidance hole 16 for avoidance; the second driving component 5 is started to drive the extrusion die 23 to approach and extrude the blank 14, so that the blank 14 fits on the reducing mandrel 22 to form a reducing hole and fits on the extrusion chamber 24 for positioning, thereby obtaining the shaft.

[0052] The reducing mandrel 22 moves away from the shaft, and at this time the extrusion die 23 presses against the shaft to maintain the original shape of the shaft. The extrusion die 23 moves away from the blank 14, so that the first drive assembly 4 and the second drive assembly 5 are separated from the reducing mandrel 22 and the extrusion die 23 respectively, and the reducing mandrel 22 and the extrusion die 23 are both moved onto the heating tube 61, the heating tube 61 is turned to a vertical state, and the extrusion ring 27 moves to push the shaft to fall from the extrusion cavity 24 to complete the unloading.

[0053] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The first driving assembly 4 includes a driving rod 41, a magnet 42 and an iron sheet 43. The driving rod 41 is horizontally slidably penetrated on the side wall of the first vertical portion 12. The driving rod 41 is connected to a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod to provide power. When the reducing mandrel 22 is in a horizontal state and the axes of the reducing mandrel 22 and the driving rod 41 coincide, the magnet 42 and the iron sheet 43 are respectively embedded in the opposite ends of the driving rod 41 and the reducing mandrel 22. The diameter of the end of the reducing mandrel 22 where the iron sheet 43 is installed is larger than the diameter of the driving rod 41.

[0054] When the driving rod 41 approaches and abuts against the reducing core rod 22, the magnet 42 and the iron sheet 43 attract each other and connect the driving rod 41 and the reducing core rod 22 to each other, and the driving rod 41 drives the reducing core rod 22 to move back when it moves back, and the reducing core rod 22 is positioned when it abuts against the first vertical portion 12, and as the driving rod 41 continues to move back, the driving rod 41 is separated from the reducing core rod 22, thereby facilitating the rotation of the heating tube 61.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The second driving assembly 5 includes a moving rod 51, a connecting rod 52, a second magnet 53 and a second iron sheet 54. The moving rod 51 is horizontally slidably penetrated on the side wall of the second vertical portion 13 and the sliding direction is parallel to the sliding direction of the driving rod 41. The connecting rod 52 is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the extrusion die 23 close to the mounting cover 63. There are one or more connecting rods 52 and driving rod 41. Multiple connecting rods 52 and multiple driving rods 41 are arranged one by one and are respectively located on both sides of the driving rod 41. The connecting rod 52 is slidably penetrated on the heating tube 61 and the mounting cover 63 and extends to the outside of the mounting cover 63.

[0056] Magnet 2 53 and iron sheet 2 54 are respectively embedded in the opposite ends of the moving rod 51 and the connecting rod 52. When the moving rod 51 approaches and abuts against the connecting rod 52, magnet 2 53 and iron sheet 2 54 attract each other and connect the moving rod 51 and the connecting rod 52 to each other. When the moving rod 51 moves back, it drives the connecting rod 52 and the extrusion mold 23 to move back. When the extrusion mold 23 abuts against the heating chamber 84, it is fixed. As the moving rod 51 continues to move back, the moving rod 51 is separated from the connecting rod 52, thereby facilitating the rotation of the heating tube 61.

[0057] The working principle of the embodiment of the present application is as follows: The heating tube 61 is turned to a vertical state, and the blank 14 is placed in the heating chamber 84. The heating tube 61 is rotated to abut against the extrusion cylinder 21 for positioning. The heating wire 82 is started to heat the reducing mandrel 22, the extrusion die 23, the blank 14 and the extrusion chamber 24. The driving rod 41 is close to the reducing mandrel 22 and abuts against each other. The magnet 142 and the iron sheet 143 are attracted to each other to connect the driving rod 41 and the reducing mandrel 22. The driving rod 41 pushes the reducing mandrel 22 to move, and the reducing mandrel 22 pushes the blank 14 to move to the extrusion chamber 24. The reducing mandrel 22 continues to move to extrude the initial hole 15 of the blank 14, and the moving rod 51 approaches the connecting rod 52 and abuts against each other. The magnet 2 53 and the iron sheet 2 54 attract each other to connect the moving rod 51 and the connecting rod 52, and the moving rod 51 pushes the extrusion die 23 into the extrusion cavity 24 to extrude the blank 14, so that the blank 14 fits on the reducing mandrel 22 and the extrusion cavity 24, so as to obtain the extruded shaft.

[0058] The driving rod 41 moves back, and the extrusion die 23 is used to maintain the original shape of the shaft, so that the reducing mandrel 22 is pressed against the first vertical portion 12 for positioning, and the reducing mandrel 22 moves to the heating tube 61, and the driving rod 41 is separated from the reducing mandrel 22. The positioning assembly 9 is used to position the reducing mandrel 22, and the moving rod 51 moves back to drive the extrusion die 23 to move back and press against the heating chamber 84 for positioning. The moving rod 51 continues to move back and is separated from the connecting rod 52. The heating tube 61 rotates away from the extrusion cylinder 21 and turns to a vertical state. The moving column 26 drives the extrusion ring 27 to move and pushes the shaft to fall from the extrusion chamber 24 to complete the unloading. The extrusion ring 27 moves back to its original position, and then the above operations are repeated for extrusion molding, thereby improving the efficiency of shaft production and reducing production costs.

[0059] The embodiment of the present application discloses an extrusion molding method.

[0060] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the extrusion molding method comprises the following steps: Discharging: placing the blank 14 into the heating tube 61, and starting the rotating assembly 7 to drive the heating tube 61 to abut against the extrusion cylinder 21 for positioning; Heating: The heating wire 82 is started to heat the blank 14, the extrusion die 23 and the reducing mandrel 22 in the heating chamber 84, and hot air also enters the extrusion chamber 24 to heat; Moving extrusion: The first driving assembly 4 starts to drive the reducing mandrel 22 to move and push the blank 14 into the extrusion cavity 24 for positioning, then the reducing mandrel 22 continues to move so that the reducing mandrel 22 passes through the blank 14, then the second driving assembly 5 starts to drive the extrusion die 23 into the extrusion cavity 24 to extrude the blank 14 to form a shaft; the reducing mandrel 22 first moves away from the shaft, and then the extrusion die 23 moves away from the shaft; Discharging: The rotating assembly 7 is started to drive the heating tube 61 to rotate away from the extrusion cylinder 21, and then the moving assembly 3 is started to push the shaft to move out of the extrusion chamber 24 to complete the discharging.

[0061] The working principle of the embodiment of the present application is as follows: The blank 14 is placed in the heating tube 61, and the heating tube 61 is pressed against the extrusion cylinder 21 for positioning; the heating wire 82 is started to heat the blank 14, the extrusion die 23, the reducing mandrel 22, and the extrusion cavity 24; the reducing mandrel 22 moves to push the blank 14 into the extrusion cavity 24 for positioning, and then the reducing mandrel 22 continues to move so that the reducing mandrel 22 passes through the blank 14, and then the extrusion die 23 enters the extrusion cavity 24 to extrude the blank 14 to form a shaft.

[0062] The reducing mandrel 22 first moves away from the blank 14, then the extrusion die 23 moves away from the blank 14, the rotating component 7 starts to drive the heating tube 61 to rotate away from the extrusion cylinder 21, and then the moving component 3 starts to push the blank 14 out of the extrusion cavity 24 to complete the discharge, which improves the convenience of loading and unloading and heating during the extrusion process, thereby improving the production quality and efficiency of the shaft and reducing the production cost.

[0063] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A hollow extrusion molding device for an aircraft engine shaft, characterized in that: It comprises a base (1) and an extrusion mechanism (2) arranged on the base (1), wherein the extrusion mechanism (2) comprises: An extrusion cylinder (21), the extrusion cylinder (21) being arranged on the base (1) and having a forming hole (28) at one end close to the base (1) and being used for placing a blank (14) having an initial hole (15); a reducing mandrel (22), the reducing mandrel (22) passing through the initial hole (15) and the forming hole (28) in sequence from an end of the extrusion barrel (21) away from the forming hole (28), the diameter of the initial hole (15) being smaller than the maximum diameter of the reducing mandrel (22); an extrusion die (23), the extrusion die (23) being slidably mounted on the inner wall of the extrusion barrel (21) from the end of the extrusion barrel (21) away from the forming hole (28) and being used to extrude the end of the blank (14) away from the forming hole (28) so that the blank (14) fits on the variable diameter mandrel (22) for forming, and the extrusion die (23) is provided with a passage hole (29) for the variable diameter mandrel (22) to pass through; A first drive assembly (4) and a second drive assembly (5), wherein the first drive assembly (4) and the second drive assembly (5) are respectively used to drive the variable diameter mandrel (22) and the extrusion die (23) to move.

2. The hollow extrusion molding device for an aircraft engine shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: An extrusion hole (25) is provided at one end of the extrusion cylinder (21) close to the base (1); an extrusion ring (27) is slidably mounted on the extrusion hole (25) along the axis of the extrusion cylinder (21); the molding hole (28) is located on the extrusion ring (27); and a moving component (3) for driving the extrusion ring (27) to move is provided on the base (1).

3. The hollow extrusion molding device for an aircraft engine shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that: The extrusion cylinder (21) is provided with a heating mechanism (6), and the heating mechanism (6) comprises: A heating tube (61), wherein the heating tube (61) is rotatably mounted on an end of the extrusion barrel (21) away from the base (1) and the axis of the rotation direction is perpendicular to the axis of the extrusion barrel (21); an extrusion chamber (24) for placing a blank (14) is provided in the extrusion barrel (21); a heating chamber (84) for placing the blank (14) is provided in the heating tube (61); after the heating tube (61) is rotated, it abuts against the extrusion barrel (21) for positioning and the heating chamber (84) and the extrusion chamber (24) are aligned and connected and have the same diameter; or, after the heating tube (61) is rotated, it is away from the extrusion barrel (21) and the blank (14) is added to the heating chamber (84); A rotating assembly (7), the rotating assembly (7) being arranged on the extrusion cylinder (21) and being used to drive the heating tube (61) to rotate; A heating component (8), the heating component (8) being arranged on the extrusion cylinder (21) and being used to heat the heating chamber (84) and the extrusion chamber (24); a positioning assembly (9), the positioning assembly (9) being arranged on the heating tube (61) and positioning the reducing mandrel (22) under the action of elastic force; the extrusion die (23) and the reducing mandrel (22) being slidably mounted on the heating chamber (84) before entering the extrusion chamber (24); When the blank (14) needs to be extruded, the first drive assembly (4) and the second drive assembly (5) are respectively connected to the variable diameter mandrel (22) and the extrusion die (23); when the heating tube (61) needs to be rotated away from the extrusion cylinder (21), the first drive assembly (4) and the second drive assembly (5) are respectively disengaged from the variable diameter mandrel (22) and the extrusion die (23) to avoid the position.

4. The hollow extrusion molding device for an aircraft engine shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotating assembly (7) comprises: Two rotating blocks (71), the two rotating blocks (71) being rotatably disposed on the heating tube (61) and the extrusion cylinder (21); A telescopic member (72), wherein the telescopic member (72) is respectively connected to the two rotating blocks (71) and is used to drive the heating tube (61) to rotate.

5. The hollow extrusion molding device for an aircraft engine shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heating component (8) comprises: A heating frame (81), the heating frame (81) being arranged on the inner wall of the heating tube (61) and cooperating with the inner wall of the heating tube (61) to form an installation cavity (83), the inner wall of the heating tube (61) forming a heating cavity (84), and the heating frame (81) being evenly provided with a plurality of overheating holes (85) communicating with the installation cavity (83) and the heating cavity (84); A heating wire (82), wherein the heating wire (82) is arranged on the heating frame (81) and is located in the installation cavity (83).

6. The hollow extrusion molding device for an aircraft engine shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heating tube (61) is in a horizontal state when it abuts against the extrusion barrel (21) and is positioned after being rotated to a vertical state under the action of the rotating assembly (7); the length of the heating chamber (84) is greater than the length of the billet (14); when the billet (14) is placed on the heating chamber (84) and the heating tube (61) abuts against the extrusion barrel (21), the overheating hole (85) is connected to the heating chamber (84) located on the side of the billet (14) close to the extrusion barrel (21) and allows hot air to enter the extrusion chamber (24) for heating.

7. The hollow extrusion molding device for an aircraft engine shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of positioning components (9) are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the heating tube (61), and the positioning components (9) include: A positioning block (91), the positioning block (91) being slidably mounted on the heating tube (61) in a direction approaching or moving away from the reducing core rod (22); A spring sheet (92), the spring sheet (92) being arranged on the heating tube (61) and connected to the positioning block (91); A positioning roller (93), the positioning roller (93) being rotatably disposed on the positioning block (91) and being pressed against the reducing mandrel (22) for positioning under the elastic force of the spring sheet (92); A positioning ring (94) is provided on the heating tube (61); when the reducing mandrel (22) moves away from the shaft, it abuts against the positioning ring (94) for positioning; when the heating tube (61) rotates away from the extrusion cylinder (21), the reducing mandrel (22) presses against the positioning ring (94) for support and positioning.

8. The hollow extrusion molding device for an aircraft engine shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first driving component (4) comprises: A driving rod (41), the driving rod (41) being slidably disposed on the base (1) in a direction approaching or moving away from the reducing core rod (22); A magnet (42) and an iron sheet (43), wherein the magnet (42) and the iron sheet (43) are respectively arranged on opposite ends of a driving rod (41) and a reducing core rod (22) and are tightly pressed together for positioning; the driving rod (41) drives the reducing core rod (22) to abut against the base (1) for positioning; the driving rod (41) continues to move so that the driving rod (41) and the reducing core rod (22) are separated and used for avoiding the heating tube (61) when the heating tube (61) rotates.

9. The hollow extrusion molding device for an aircraft engine shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second driving component (5) comprises: A moving rod (51), the moving rod (51) being slidably disposed on the base (1) in a direction approaching or moving away from the extrusion die (23); A connecting rod (52), wherein the connecting rod (52) is arranged on the extrusion die (23); A second magnet (53) and a second iron sheet (54), wherein the second magnet (53) and the second iron sheet (54) are respectively arranged on opposite ends of the moving rod (51) and the connecting rod (52) and are tightly pressed together for positioning; the extrusion die (23) is pressed against the heating chamber (84) for positioning and as the moving rod (51) continues to move, the moving rod (51) and the connecting rod (52) are separated.

10. An extrusion molding method using the extrusion molding device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Discharging: placing the blank (14) into the heating tube (61), and starting the rotating assembly (7) to drive the heating tube (61) to abut against the extrusion cylinder (21) for positioning; Heating: The heating wire (82) is started to heat the blank (14), the extrusion die (23) and the reducing mandrel (22) in the heating chamber (84), and hot air also enters the extrusion chamber (24) to heat the blank; Moving extrusion: the first driving component (4) is started to drive the variable diameter mandrel (22) to move and push the blank (14) into the extrusion cavity (24) for positioning, then the variable diameter mandrel (22) continues to move so that the variable diameter mandrel (22) passes through the blank (14), then the second driving component (5) is started to drive the extrusion die (23) to enter the extrusion cavity (24) to extrude the blank (14) to form a shaft; the variable diameter mandrel (22) first moves away from the shaft, then the extrusion die (23) moves away from the shaft; Discharging: The rotating assembly (7) is started to drive the heating tube (61) to rotate away from the extrusion cylinder (21), and then the moving assembly (3) is started to push the shaft member out of the extrusion chamber (24) to complete the discharging.

Images