Preparation method of long-acting anti-icing coating for wind power blade

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a long-acting anti-icing coating for a wind power blade, which comprises the following steps: preparing a filler with a high photo-thermal characteristic, preparing a spray coating, constructing a hydrophobic-photo-thermal-energy storage coating, and carrying out thermocuring and demolding treatment to finally obtain the long-acting anti-icing coating. By finely designing a regular microstructure on the surface of the coating, the combination of low surface energy, low reflection of natural light and high photothermal conversion efficiency is realized, so that the natural light is maximally captured and converted into heat energy, the heat energy is efficiently stored in an integrated paraffin material, the stored heat energy is gradually released at an extremely low temperature, and the surface of the blade is effectively prevented from being frozen; the coating perfectly integrates the photo-thermal conversion, energy storage and intelligent hydrophobic functions, the anti-icing efficiency and durability are remarkably improved, the problems that a traditional coating is low in photo-thermal conversion efficiency and the anti-icing effect is difficult to last are solved, and the coating has wide application prospects in outdoor equipment such as wind power blades.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of wind turbine blade protection, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a long-term anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the global wind power industry, wind turbine blades are the core components of wind power generation systems, and their performance and stability are directly related to the power generation efficiency and operational safety of the entire system. However, under cold climate conditions, the icing problem of wind turbine blades has become a major challenge restricting the development of the wind power industry. Icing not only significantly reduces the aerodynamic performance of the blades, reduces energy capture, and leads to a significant decrease in power generation efficiency, but also may increase mechanical stress due to increased blade weight, accelerate blade fatigue damage, and even cause structural failure. In response to this problem, photothermal anti-icing coatings came into being. This is because they can use natural light sources such as sunlight to convert light energy into heat energy through an efficient photothermal conversion mechanism, thereby melting or preventing ice on the blade surface, significantly improving the operating efficiency and safety of wind turbine blades in cold climates. Compared with traditional anti-icing coatings, photothermal anti-icing coatings enhance the durability of the coating through innovative materials and structural design, can maintain its anti-icing effect for a long time, and reduce maintenance costs and frequency. In recent years, super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing coatings based on photothermal effects have attracted much attention due to their unique properties.

[0003] The Chinese patent "A super-hydrophobic anti-icing coating for passive photothermal deicing, its preparation method and application" (application publication number: CN115160857A, publication date: 2022.7.8) proposes an innovative method for preparing a super-hydrophobic anti-icing coating, which has a hollow porous carbon fiber derived from ZIF-8 as the core structure, and its surface is covered with polygonal protrusions and a large number of polygonal pores. This unique micro-nano structure not only gives the coating super-hydrophobic properties, effectively preventing water droplets from adhering to and freezing on the surface, but also significantly increases the specific surface area of ​​the coating and improves the ability to capture sunlight. It can heat up quickly during the day, thereby accelerating the melting of the surface ice layer, showing excellent passive photothermal deicing performance. However, the irregular structure causes some light to deviate from the ideal path after multiple refractions, resulting in a waste of light energy.

[0004] The Chinese patent "A super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing coating with photothermal effect and its preparation method" (application publication number: CN202110038224.1, publication date: 2021.1.12) discloses a super-hydrophobic anti-icing and de-icing coating with photothermal effect and its preparation method, which uses melanin nanoparticles and hydrophobic modified SiO2 nanoparticles to prepare a coating with excellent photothermal deicing performance and super-hydrophobic anti-icing performance. Although the photothermal efficiency of the coating is greatly improved, however, although the coating shows excellent performance under daylight conditions, its anti-icing and de-icing ability at night or in insufficient light is severely limited.

[0005] Therefore, developing a coating that can maximize the use of solar energy for photothermal deicing during the day and maintain a certain anti-icing ability at night or in low-light environments has become a key issue that needs to be urgently addressed in the current field of anti-icing and deicing technology. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a method for preparing a long-term anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades, focusing on the long-term anti-icing and deicing effects, which is suitable for the protection of wind turbine blades and solves the problem of poor long-term anti-icing effect of existing anti-icing coatings.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for preparing a long-term anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step 1, preparation of fillers with high photothermal properties:

[0010] The carbon source, metal salt and solvent are uniformly dispersed by ultrasonic in proportion, and then placed in a high-pressure reactor for hydrothermal treatment, centrifugation, vacuum drying at 60°C for 12 hours, vacuum calcination, acid washing, vacuum drying at 60°C and uniform grinding to obtain a filler with high photothermal properties;

[0011] Step 2, prepare spray coating:

[0012] The filler with high photothermal properties obtained in step 1, the organic polymer, paraffin, the leveling agent, the dispersant and the solvent are mixed in proportion, and the mixture is heated, stirred and ultrasonically crushed to obtain a spray coating;

[0013] Step 3, constructing a hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating:

[0014] The spray coating in step 2 is loaded into a high-pressure spray pot, the spraying parameters are adjusted, and the spraying is applied on the pretreated wind turbine blades to form a hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating on the wind turbine blades;

[0015] Step 4, pattern thermal curing and demoulding;

[0016] The coating obtained in step 3 is covered with a cardboard mold having a regular pattern, and subjected to a heat curing treatment and a water immersion demoulding treatment to obtain a long-lasting anti-icing coating.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 1, the amounts of the various materials used are, by mass percentage, 20%-35% of carbon source, 5%-8% of metal salt and 60%-75% of solvent, and the total of the above materials is 100%.

[0018] Furthermore, it is characterized in that the carbon source in step 1 is any one of glucose, starch, amino acid, and sucrose, the metal salt is any one of ferric nitrate, nickel nitrate, sodium stannate, sodium tungstate, and sodium molybdate, the solvent is any one of water, ethanol, methanol, and ethylene glycol, and the acid used for pickling is any one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 1, the hydrothermal treatment temperature is 180-220°C, the hydrothermal time is 4-48h, the centrifugal speed is 8000-10000rpm, the centrifugal time is 5-30min, the vacuum calcination temperature is 800-1000°C, the calcination time is 3-5h, the acid concentration is 1-5mol / L, and the pickling time is 3-6h.

[0020] Furthermore, the organic polymer in step 2 is any one of epoxy resin, silicone resin, polytetrafluoroethylene and acrylic resin, the leveling agent is any one of MONENG-1154, polydimethylsiloxane, and Levelling 620 associative leveling agent, the dispersant is any one of Deqian 410, BYK-306 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and the solvent is any one of water, isopropyl alcohol, xylene, and acetone.

[0021] Further, the mass ratio of the filler with high photothermal properties, the organic polymer, the paraffin wax, the leveling agent, the dispersant and the solvent is 0.5-2: 1-1.5: 1-3: 0.1-0.5: 0.2-0.4: 2-6;

[0022] Furthermore, in step 2, the heating and stirring temperature is 60-80° C., the heating and stirring rate is 400-1000 rpm, the stirring is 6-8 hours, and the ultrasonic crushing time is 0.5-1 hour.

[0023] Furthermore, the spraying parameters in step 3 are: spraying pressure is 10-15 MPa, spraying angle is 45-90°, spraying distance is maintained at 15-40 cm, and spraying rate is 30-60 cm / s.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 4, the three-dimensional pattern of the paperboard mold is in any one of a rhombus, a cone, and a wave shape, the interval between single three-dimensional pattern units is 0.1-1 mm, and the thickness of the paperboard mold is 0.5-1 cm.

[0025] Furthermore, in step 4, the heat curing treatment temperature is 60-100° C., and the immersion time is 0.5-1 h.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The present invention proposes a method for preparing a long-term anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades. Through the fine design of the coating surface patterning, a regular surface microstructure is formed. While having low surface energy, it is conducive to achieving low reflection of natural light, ensuring the maximum passage of natural light, and greatly enhancing the internal high photothermal conversion efficiency filler's ability to effectively capture and convert natural light, and then efficiently storing the converted heat energy in the integrated paraffin material to form a stable thermal energy storage system. In an extremely low temperature environment, the heat energy stored in the paraffin can be gradually released, effectively resisting the icing trend on the blade surface, and realizing the perfect integration of photothermal conversion, energy storage and intelligent hydrophobic functions. This comprehensive performance greatly improves the efficiency and durability of the anti-icing coating, and also fundamentally solves the key problems of low photothermal conversion efficiency and difficult to sustain anti-icing effect of traditional coatings. The coating has a very broad application prospect in outdoor equipment such as wind turbine blades that are susceptible to icing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a long-term anti-icing coating prepared in Example 1 of a method for preparing a long-term anti-icing coating for a wind turbine blade of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a long-term anti-icing coating prepared in Example 2 of a method for preparing a long-term anti-icing coating for a wind turbine blade of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of a long-term anti-icing coating prepared in Example 3 of a method for preparing a long-term anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades according to the present invention.

[0031] In the attached figure, 1-conical microstructure surface, 2-hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating, 3-high photothermal property filler, 4-diamond microstructure surface, 5-elliptical microstructure surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to enable those skilled in the art to understand the characteristics and effects of the present invention, the following is a general description and definition of the terms and expressions mentioned in the specification and claims. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the text are the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art for the present invention. In the event of a conflict, the definition in this specification shall prevail.

[0033] The theories or mechanisms described and disclosed herein should not limit the scope of the present invention in any way, that is, the present invention can be implemented without being limited by any specific theory or mechanism.

[0034] Herein, all features such as values, quantities, contents and concentrations defined in the form of numerical ranges or percentage ranges are for simplicity and convenience only. Accordingly, the description of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered to have included and specifically disclosed all possible secondary ranges and individual values ​​within the range (including integers and fractions).

[0035] In this document, unless otherwise specified, “includes,” “including,” “contains,” “has,” or similar terms cover the meanings of “consisting of” and “mainly consisting of,” for example, “A includes a” covers the meanings of “A includes a and other” and “A only includes a.”

[0036] In this document, in order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of various technical features in various embodiments or examples are described. Therefore, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, the various technical features in various embodiments or examples can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0037] The present invention provides a method for preparing a long-term anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0038] Step 1, preparation of fillers with high photothermal properties:

[0039] 20%-35% carbon source, 5%-8% metal salt and 60%-75% solvent are fully ultrasonically dispersed, and then placed in a high-pressure reactor for hydrothermal treatment at 180-220°C for 4-48h, and then centrifuged at a speed of 8000-10000rpm for 5-30min, and vacuum dried at 60°C for 12h, and then the obtained sample is placed in a tube furnace for vacuum calcination at 800-1000°C for 3-5h, and then washed with 1-5mol / L acid for 3-6h, vacuum dried at 60°C and ground evenly to obtain a filler with high photothermal properties; wherein the carbon source is any one of glucose, starch, amino acid, sucrose, etc., the metal salt is any one of ferric nitrate, nickel nitrate, sodium stannate, sodium tungstate, sodium molybdate, etc., the solvent is any one of water, ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, etc., and the acid used for pickling is any one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc.;

[0040] Step 2, prepare spray coating:

[0041] The filler with high photothermal properties obtained in step 1, the organic polymer, paraffin, the leveling agent, the dispersant and the solvent are mixed in a mass ratio of 0.5-2: 1-1.5: 1-3: 0.1-0.5: 0.2-0.4: 2-6, and the mixture is stirred at 400-1000 rpm for 6-8 hours and ultrasonically crushed for 0.5-1 hour at 60-80° C. to obtain a spray coating; wherein the organic polymer is any one of epoxy resin, silicone resin, polytetrafluoroethylene and acrylic resin, the leveling agent is any one of MONENG-1154, polydimethylsiloxane, Levelling 620 associative leveling agent, etc., the dispersant is any one of Deqian 410, BYK-306 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, etc., and the solvent is any one of water, isopropanol, xylene, acetone, etc.;

[0042] Step 3, constructing a hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating:

[0043] The spray coating in step 2 is placed in a high-pressure spray pot, the spray pressure is adjusted to 10-15 MPa, the spray angle is 45-90°, the spray distance is maintained at 15-40 cm, the spray rate is 30-60 cm / s, and the pretreated wind turbine blades are sprayed to obtain a hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating;

[0044] Step 4, pattern thermal curing and demoulding;

[0045] The hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating obtained in step 3 is covered with a cardboard mold with a three-dimensional regular pattern, and subjected to a heat curing treatment at 60-100°C and a demolding treatment by immersion in water for 0.5-1h to obtain a long-lasting anti-icing coating; wherein the three-dimensional pattern of the cardboard mold is any one of a diamond, cone, wave, etc., the interval between a single pattern is 0.1-1mm, and the thickness of the cardboard is 0.5-1cm.

[0046] The preparation method of the long-term anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades disclosed in the present invention is beneficial to improving the photothermal properties of the filler by regulating the hydrothermal temperature and the calcination temperature. By regulating the ratio of photothermal fillers, organic polymers and paraffin wax and the key spraying process parameters, a hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage multifunctional coating is prepared, and finally the spray coating surface is patterned and customized. By regulating the density and thickness of the pattern and combining thermal curing and dehydration treatment, the coating surface is provided with a low surface energy microstructure coating, while also improving the maximum capture capacity of the coating surface for natural light, so as to realize a multifunctional coating integrating light capture, photothermal conversion and heat storage.

[0047] A method for preparing a long-term anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades, wherein the coating surface is pattern-customized to form a regular surface microstructure, which is not only conducive to achieving low reflection of natural light and ensuring the maximum passage of natural light, but also has low surface energy, which can promote the internal high photothermal property filler to fully utilize natural light and convert it into heat energy stored in paraffin, which is conducive to achieving heat energy release in the subsequent low-temperature process, and finally obtaining the beneficial effect of long-term anti-icing. The anti-icing coating prepared by the present invention solves the problems of low photothermal conversion efficiency and poor sustainability of anti-icing effect of existing coatings, and has important application prospects on wind turbine blades.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for preparing a long-term anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades comprises the following steps:

[0050] Step 1, preparation of fillers with high photothermal properties:

[0051] 35% glucose, 5% ferric nitrate and 60% water were fully ultrasonically dispersed, and then placed in a high-pressure reactor for hydrothermal treatment at 180°C for 48 hours, and then centrifuged at a speed of 8000 rpm for 30 minutes. After vacuum drying at 60°C for 12 hours, the obtained sample was placed in a tube furnace for vacuum calcination at 800°C for 5 hours, and then pickled with 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid for 6 hours, vacuum dried at 60°C and ground uniformly to obtain filler 3 with high photothermal properties;

[0052] Step 2, prepare spray coating:

[0053] The filler with high photothermal properties obtained in step 1, epoxy resin, paraffin, MONENG-1154, Deqian 410 and isopropanol were mixed in a mass ratio of 0.5:1:1:0.1:0.2:2, and the mixture was stirred at 400 rpm for 8 h and ultrasonically crushed for 0.5 h at 60° C. to obtain a spray coating;

[0054] Step 3, constructing a hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating:

[0055] The spray coating in step 2 is loaded into a high-pressure spray pot, the spray pressure is adjusted to 10 MPa, the spray angle is 45°, the spray distance is maintained at 15 cm, the spray rate is 30 cm / s, and the pretreated wind turbine blade is sprayed to obtain a hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating 2;

[0056] Step 4, pattern thermal curing and demoulding:

[0057] The coating obtained in step 3 is covered with a cardboard mold (1 cm thick) having a three-dimensional cone pattern (the interval between cones is 1 mm), and after a heat curing treatment at 100°C and a demolding treatment by immersion in water for 0.5 h, a long-lasting anti-icing coating having a cone-shaped microstructure surface 1 is obtained.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown, a method for preparing a long-term anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades comprises the following steps:

[0060] Step 1, preparation of fillers with high photothermal properties:

[0061] 20% starch, 8% sodium stannate and 72% methanol were fully ultrasonically dispersed, and then placed in a high-pressure reactor for hydrothermal treatment at 220°C for 4 hours, and then centrifuged at a speed of 10000 rpm for 5 minutes. After vacuum drying at 60°C for 12 hours, the obtained sample was placed in a tube furnace for vacuum calcination at 1000°C for 3 hours, and then pickled with 5 mol / L sulfuric acid for 3 hours, vacuum dried at 60°C and ground uniformly to obtain filler 3 with high photothermal properties;

[0062] Step 2, prepare spray coating:

[0063] The filler with high photothermal properties obtained in step 1, silicone resin, paraffin, polydimethylsiloxane, BYK-306 and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.5:3:0.5:0.4:6, stirred at 1000 rpm for 6 hours at 80°C and ultrasonically crushed for 1 hour to obtain a spray coating;

[0064] Step 3, constructing a hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating:

[0065] The spray coating in step 2 is loaded into a high-pressure spray pot, the spray pressure is adjusted to 15 MPa, the spray angle is 90°, the spray distance is maintained at 40 cm, the spray rate is 60 cm / s, and the pretreated wind turbine blade is sprayed to obtain a hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating 2;

[0066] Step 4, pattern thermal curing and demoulding:

[0067] The coating obtained in step 3 is covered with a cardboard mold (0.5 cm thick) having a diamond-shaped three-dimensional pattern (the interval between the diamonds is 0.1 mm), and after a heat curing treatment at 60° C. and a demolding treatment by immersion in water for 1 hour, a long-lasting anti-icing coating having a diamond-shaped microstructure surface 4 is obtained.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] like Figure 3 As shown, a method for preparing a long-term anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades comprises the following steps:

[0070] Step 1, preparation of fillers with high photothermal properties:

[0071] 30% amino acid, 6% sodium molybdate and 64% ethylene glycol were fully ultrasonically dispersed, and then placed in a high-pressure reactor for hydrothermal treatment at 200°C for 24 hours, and then centrifuged at a speed of 9000rpm for 20 minutes. After vacuum drying at 60°C for 12 hours, the obtained sample was placed in a tube furnace for vacuum calcination at 900°C for 4 hours, and then acid-washed with 3mol / L nitric acid for 4 hours, vacuum dried at 60°C and ground uniformly to obtain filler 3 with high photothermal properties;

[0072] Step 2, prepare spray coating:

[0073] The filler with high photothermal properties obtained in step 1, polytetrafluoroethylene, paraffin, Levelling 620, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and xylene are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:0.3:0.3:4, stirred at 500 rpm for 7 hours at 70°C, and ultrasonically crushed for 0.6 hours to obtain a spray coating;

[0074] Step 3, constructing a hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating:

[0075] The spray coating in step 2 is loaded into a high-pressure spray pot, the spray pressure is adjusted to 12 MPa, the spray angle is 60°, the spray distance is maintained at 20 cm, the spray rate is 40 cm / s, and the pretreated wind turbine blade is sprayed to obtain a hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating 2;

[0076] Step 4, pattern thermal curing and demoulding;

[0077] The coating obtained in step 3 is covered with a cardboard mold (0.6 cm thick) having an elliptical pattern (with a wave spacing of 0.5 mm), and subjected to a thermal curing treatment at 100° C. and a demolding treatment by immersion in water for 0.5 h, thereby obtaining a long-lasting anti-icing coating having an elliptical microstructure surface 5.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] Step 1, preparation of fillers with high photothermal properties:

[0080] 20% sucrose, 5% sodium tungstate and 75% ethanol were fully ultrasonically dispersed, and then placed in a high-pressure reactor for hydrothermal treatment at 190°C for 36 hours, and then centrifuged at a speed of 10000 rpm for 15 minutes. After vacuum drying at 60°C for 12 hours, the obtained sample was placed in a tube furnace for vacuum calcination at 1000°C for 3 hours, and then washed with 4 mol / L acid for 3 hours, vacuum dried at 60°C and ground uniformly to obtain a filler with high photothermal properties;

[0081] Step 2, prepare spray coating:

[0082] The filler with high photothermal properties obtained in step 1, acrylic resin, polydimethylsiloxane, BYK-306 and acetone were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1:2:0.4:0.4:5, stirred at 800 rpm for 7 hours at 70°C, and ultrasonically crushed for 1 hour to obtain a spray coating;

[0083] Step 3, constructing a hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating:

[0084] The spray coating in step 2 is loaded into a high-pressure spray pot, the spray pressure is adjusted to 13 MPa, the spray angle is 90°, the spray distance is maintained at 20 cm, the spray rate is 40 cm / s, and the pretreated wind turbine blade is sprayed to obtain a hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating;

[0085] Step 4, pattern thermal curing and demoulding:

[0086] The coating obtained in step 3 is covered with a cardboard mold (0.5 cm thick) having an elliptical pattern (with the interval between waves being 0.8 mm), and subjected to a thermal curing treatment at 80° C. and a demolding treatment by immersion in water for 0.5 h, thereby obtaining a long-lasting anti-icing coating having an elliptical microstructure surface.

[0087] The above contents are only for explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a long-lasting anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, preparation of fillers with high photothermal properties: The carbon source, metal salt and solvent are uniformly dispersed by ultrasonic in proportion, and then placed in a high-pressure reactor for hydrothermal treatment, centrifugation, vacuum drying at 60°C for 12 hours, vacuum calcination, acid washing, vacuum drying at 60°C and uniform grinding to obtain a filler with high photothermal properties; Step 2, prepare spray coating: The filler with high photothermal properties obtained in step 1, the organic polymer, paraffin, the leveling agent, the dispersant and the solvent are mixed in proportion, and the mixture is heated, stirred and ultrasonically crushed to obtain a spray coating; Step 3, constructing a hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating: The spray coating in step 2 is loaded into a high-pressure spray pot, the spraying parameters are adjusted, and the spraying is applied on the pretreated wind turbine blades to form a hydrophobic-photothermal-energy storage coating on the wind turbine blades; Step 4, pattern thermal curing and demoulding; The coating obtained in step 3 is covered with a cardboard mold having a regular pattern, and after a heat curing treatment and a water immersion demoulding treatment, a long-lasting anti-icing coating is obtained.

2. The method for preparing a long-lasting anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the amounts of the various materials used are, by mass percentage, 20%-35% of carbon source, 5%-8% of metal salt and 60%-75% of solvent, and the total of the above materials is 100%.

3. A method for preparing a long-lasting anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the carbon source is any one of glucose, starch, amino acid, and sucrose; the metal salt is any one of ferric nitrate, nickel nitrate, sodium stannate, sodium tungstate, and sodium molybdate; the solvent is any one of water, ethanol, methanol, and ethylene glycol; and the acid used for pickling is any one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid.

4. The method for preparing a long-lasting anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrothermal treatment temperature in step 1 is 180-220° C., the hydrothermal time is 4-48 h, the centrifugal speed is 8000-10000 rpm, the centrifugal time is 5-30 min, the vacuum calcination temperature is 800-1000° C., the calcination time is 3-5 h, the acid concentration is 1-5 mol / L, and the pickling time is 3-6 h.

5. The method for preparing a long-lasting anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic polymer in step 2 is any one of epoxy resin, silicone resin, polytetrafluoroethylene and acrylic resin, the leveling agent is any one of MONENG-1154, polydimethylsiloxane, and Levelling620 associative leveling agent, the dispersant is any one of Deqian 410, BYK-306 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and the solvent is any one of water, isopropyl alcohol, xylene, and acetone.

6. A method for preparing a long-lasting anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades according to any one of claims 1 or 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the filler with high photothermal properties, the organic polymer, the paraffin, the leveling agent, the dispersant and the solvent is 0.5-2:1-1.5:1-3:0.1-0.5:0.2-0.4:2-6.

7. The method for preparing a long-lasting anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the heating and stirring temperature is 60-80° C., the heating and stirring rate is 400-1000 rpm, the stirring is 6-8 hours, and the ultrasonic crushing time is 0.5-1 hour.

8. The method for preparing a long-lasting anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying parameters in step 3 are: spraying pressure of 10-15 MPa, spraying angle of 45-90°, spraying distance of 15-40 cm, and spraying rate of 30-60 cm / s.

9. The method for preparing a long-lasting anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 4, the three-dimensional pattern of the paperboard mold is in any one of a rhombus, a cone, and a wave shape, the interval between single three-dimensional pattern units is 0.1-1 mm, and the thickness of the paperboard mold is 0.5-1 cm.

10. The method for preparing a long-lasting anti-icing coating for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the heat curing treatment temperature is 60-100°C, and the immersion time is 0.5-1h.

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