An upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction and a bidirectional construction method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge construction, and in particular to an upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction and a bidirectional construction method. The upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction includes a main frame, legs, a hanging system, a transverse mechanism, a template system, a hydraulic system, an electrical system, an anchoring system and a counterweight; the bidirectional construction method includes the steps of assembling the mobile formwork, standard operations and reverse construction, and after the installation of the mobile formwork is completed, the horizontality and force balance of the mobile formwork are detected, and the height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg and the actual pressure on the first leg and the second leg are adjusted. The present invention shortens the construction period, reduces machinery investment, reduces costs and improves construction quality by quickly performing reverse operations during bridge construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bridge construction, and in particular to an upward self-propelled movable formwork for bridge construction and a bidirectional construction method. Background Art

[0002] A bridge generally refers to a structure built across rivers, lakes, and seas, which allows vehicles and pedestrians to pass smoothly. In order to adapt to the modern high-speed development of the transportation industry, bridges are now also extended to refer to buildings that are built to cross mountain streams, poor geology, or meet other transportation needs to make travel more convenient.

[0003] In the field of railway bridge construction, traditional construction methods often increase the difficulty of construction when faced with restricted sites and steep mountainous areas, and it is difficult to ensure construction efficiency and safety. The assembly methods of on-site assembly, on-site overall lifting or overall assembly and walking, and the reverse construction method of retreating the whole machine and adjusting the guide beam are difficult to use in mountainous areas with complex terrain and steep terrain. Especially in mountainous areas with complex terrain and steep terrain, the limitations of the construction site and the harsh natural environment have brought great challenges to the construction of railway bridges.

[0004] Chinese patent publication number: CN110886235A discloses a bridge construction method, including the following steps: a. site investigation; b. casting precast panels; c. precast panel maintenance; d. weaving steel cages; e. casting bridge piers; f. installing tower cranes; g. laying precast panels; h. pouring concrete; i. removing tower cranes; j. laying concrete; k. laying asphalt layers, all precast panels are assembled together by tower cranes, and then concrete is poured in the cavity in the middle of the precast panels at one time, so that the concrete is cast and formed at one time, and the concrete in each precast panel is completely formed into a whole, thereby improving the overall bearing capacity of the bridge, and there is no need to wait for the concrete to reach a certain strength in the middle, shortening the construction time; it can be seen that the bridge construction method has the following problems:

[0005] Traditional construction methods often make construction more difficult when faced with restricted sites and steep mountainous areas, making it difficult to ensure construction efficiency and safety. Under restricted site conditions, the installation and disassembly cycle of reverse construction equipment is long and requires a lot of large-scale tooling. Summary of the invention

[0006] To this end, the present invention provides an upward self-propelled mobile formwork and a bidirectional construction method for bridge construction, so as to overcome the problems in the prior art that the bridge construction method often increases the construction difficulty when facing restricted sites and steep mountainous areas, it is difficult to ensure construction efficiency and safety, and the reverse construction equipment has a long installation and disassembly period and requires a large amount of large-scale tooling under restricted site conditions.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction and a bidirectional construction method, comprising:

[0008] The two-way construction method of the mobile formwork comprises formwork assembly and standard operation of the mobile formwork;

[0009] Among them, the steps of mold frame assembly include:

[0010] Step S1, setting up a temporary foundation, placing the first leg and the second leg using a lifting device, installing the diagonal brace of the first leg, setting up a temporary support, and setting a slide plate on the temporary support;

[0011] Step S2, assembling the first guide beam, the second guide beam and the first main beam; assembling the connecting beams between the guide beams, assembling the connecting beams between the main beams and the outer cantilever beams;

[0012] Step S3, start the longitudinal movement mechanism of the first leg and the second leg, move the assembled main beam forward by 9m; assemble the second main beam, assemble the connecting beam between the second main beams and the outer cantilever beam; start the longitudinal movement mechanism of the first leg and the second leg, move the assembled main beam forward by 10.15m; continue to assemble the first main beam, assemble the connecting beam between the first main beams and the outer cantilever beam;

[0013] Step S4, remove the anchorage of the beam surface of the first leg, empty the second leg, move the second leg forward 10m to the temporary foundation, and support the second leg on 4 tensioning jacks; support the second leg, empty the first leg, move the first leg forward 19.7m to the top of the first pier in front, and install the diagonal brace of the first leg; start the longitudinal movement mechanism of the first leg and the second leg, and move the assembled main beam forward 14m; during the movement, when the outer cantilever beam exceeds the second leg, install the outer rib and the outer mold and hang them on the cantilever beam;

[0014] Step S5, installing the third guide beam at the rear and the connecting beam between the guide beams; starting the longitudinal movement mechanism of the first leg and the second leg, and moving the assembled main beam forward 8m; during the movement, when the outer cantilever beam exceeds the second leg, continue to install the outer rib and the outer mold hanging on the cantilever beam; continue to install the fourth guide beam at the rear, the connecting beam between the guide beams and the counterweight;

[0015] Step S6, start the longitudinal movement mechanism of the first leg and the second leg, and move the assembled main beam forward 10.7m; during the movement, when the outer cantilever beam exceeds the second leg, continue to install the outer rib and the outer mold hanging on the cantilever beam;

[0016] Step S7, dismantling the temporary support, installing the third leg, and anchoring the third leg on the ground anchor;

[0017] Step S8, remove the diagonal brace of the first leg, empty the second leg, move the second leg forward 19.7m to the top of the No. 1 pier, and anchor the guide beam at the original support position of the second leg; support the second leg, empty the first leg, move the first leg forward 32.7m to the top of the No. 2 pier in front, and install the diagonal braces of the first leg and the second leg;

[0018] Step S9, remove the anchor of the guide beam and the anchor of the third leg, and lay the track of the third leg; start the longitudinal movement mechanism of the first leg and the second leg, move the whole machine forward 17.7m to the preset position and then stop, the installation is completed, and the horizontality and force balance of the mobile formwork are tested;

[0019] The steps of standard operating procedures include:

[0020] Step S1, after the mobile formwork is installed, the first leg and the second leg are converted to the heavy-load support mode, and the third leg is emptied; the outer ribs are closed, the outer mold is closed, the outer rib locking mechanism is installed, the outer rib suspension rod is installed, the elevation is adjusted, the steel bars are tied, the bottom mold is installed, and the concrete is poured; after the concrete is poured and reaches the tension strength, the inner mold support rod is removed and tensioned; the suspension rod is removed, and the supporting cylinders of the first leg and the second leg are recovered to make the formwork as a whole fall about 10 cm to demould; the pump station horizontal movement cylinder is operated to push the outer rib, and the external mold system is opened horizontally;

[0021] Step S2, the first leg and the second leg supporting cylinders are emptied; the slide plate contacts the track; the first leg diagonal brace is installed, and the first leg is anchored to the poured concrete beam; the electric hoist is hung to the rear of the main beam area; the first leg and the second leg longitudinal movement cylinders are started, and the whole machine moves forward 15m;

[0022] Step S3, the first leg is supported by the oil cylinder and mechanically loaded; the second leg and the third leg are supported by the column pin shaft and the wheel rail, and the iron wedges are installed and wedged in front and behind the running wheels, and the second leg is vacated; the third leg and the second leg are suspended and moved forward for two meters and then temporarily stopped, and the guide beam anchoring device is installed to anchor the rear end guide beam to the concrete beam; the anchoring of the first leg and the beam surface is released; the second leg continues to be suspended and moved forward for one span;

[0023] Step S4, the second leg supports the main beam and the first leg is emptied; the second leg and the first leg are suspended and moved forward one span to the front pier top; the second leg support cylinder retracts to support the first leg slide plate with the guide beam track; the diagonal brace is installed to anchor the first leg with the front pier top; the second leg support cylinder continues to retract to support the second leg slide plate with the main beam track, and the second leg support cylinder is emptied; the anchoring of the rear end guide beam and the beam surface is released;

[0024] Step S5, remove the iron wedge of the third leg, support the running wheels on the track, start the longitudinal movement cylinders of the first leg and the second leg, move the whole machine forward 17.7m, and empty the third leg after the whole machine travels about 12 meters; operate the transverse movement cylinder of the pump station to close the outer ribs, and move the outer mold system transversely to close and connect the outer ribs at the middle seam and the outer mold connecting bolts; convert the first leg and the second leg to heavy-load support mode; release the first leg and the pier top diagonal brace, and confirm again that the third leg is in an empty state; install the outer rib locking mechanism, install the outer rib suspension rod, and adjust the elevation; complete a construction cycle.

[0025] Furthermore, the bidirectional construction method of the mobile formwork also includes a reverse construction operation of the mobile formwork, and the steps of the reverse construction operation include:

[0026] Step S1, after the construction of the last span is completed, the mobile formwork will continue to work in the opposite direction; the connection between the third leg and the guide beam is released, and the third leg is dropped on the beam surface; the third leg transversely bypasses the second leg beam and the first leg beam, moves forward 68.5 meters, and reconnects with the guide beam; the original counterweight is removed, moved forward 68.5 meters, and re-installed on the counterweight platform at the other end;

[0027] Step S2, removing the longitudinal movement cylinders of the first leg and the second leg, changing their directions, and reinstalling them in the reverse direction; the original first leg is renamed as the second leg, and the original second leg is renamed as the first leg;

[0028] Step S3, after the above work is completed, the third leg track is laid, and the boom is removed, the first leg and the second leg support cylinder are recovered to make the mold frame fall 10cm as a whole to demould, and the third leg acts on the track; the pump station horizontal movement cylinder is operated to push the outer rib to make the outer mold system horizontally move and open;

[0029] Step S4, when the supporting cylinders of the first leg and the second leg are emptied and the slide plate is in contact with the track, the first leg diagonal brace is installed to anchor the first leg to the poured concrete beam; the lifting trolley is operated to move to the rear of the main beam area, the longitudinal movement cylinders of the first leg and the second leg are started, and the whole machine moves forward 15 meters;

[0030] Step S5, after the whole machine moves forward 15m, the third leg column pin is loaded and supported by the wheel rail, iron wedges are installed in front and behind the running wheels to tighten, the second leg is vacated, and the tail end of the rear guide beam is anchored to the beam surface; the second leg is suspended and moved forward one span to the front beam surface to support it again;

[0031] Step S6, the second leg supports the main beam, the first leg is emptied, and the first leg is suspended and moved forward one step to the front beam surface; the second leg support cylinder is controlled to retract so that the first leg slide plate is supported by the main beam track; the second leg support cylinder is further retracted so that the second leg slide plate is supported by the main beam track, so that the second leg support cylinder is emptied; the anchoring of the rear end of the guide beam and the beam surface is released;

[0032] Step S7, after releasing the anchor, remove the iron wedge of the third leg, support the running wheel on the track, start the longitudinal movement cylinder of the first leg and the second leg, move the whole machine forward 17.7 meters, and use its own leg cylinders to gradually move to the working pier position; operate the pump station transverse movement cylinder to close the outer ribs, and the outer mold system moves horizontally to close and connect the outer ribs at the middle seam and the outer mold connecting bolts; convert the first leg and the second leg to heavy-load support mode; evacuate the third leg, install the outer rib locking mechanism, install the outer rib hanger, and adjust the elevation, thereby completing a reverse construction operation cycle.

[0033] Furthermore, the bidirectional construction method of the upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction also includes a construction conversion method for a 32-meter span and a 24-meter span, wherein:

[0034] 32m span - 24m span construction,

[0035] Remove the two 4-meter-long standard sections at the rear end of the outer mold, and move the rear end template forward 8 meters for installation; remove the 4 1.5-meter-long standard ends + two 1-meter-long standard ends at the rear end of the inner mold, and move the rear end template forward 8 meters for installation; remove the two sets of hanging at the rear; move the second leg forward 8 meters for support;

[0036] 24m span - 32m span construction,

[0037] Install two 4-meter-long standard ends at the rear end of the outer mold, and move the rear end template 8 meters backward for installation; install 4 1.5-meter-long standard ends + two 1-meter-long standard ends at the rear end of the inner mold, and move the rear end template 8 meters backward for installation; install two sets of hanging at the rear; move the second leg backward 8 meters for support.

[0038] Furthermore, after the mobile formwork is installed, the process of detecting the horizontality and force balance of the mobile formwork includes:

[0039] The electrical system is provided with a standard gap, and measures in real time a first actual gap between the outer mold and the head end of the main beam, a second actual gap between the outer mold and the middle end of the main beam, and a third actual gap between the outer mold and the tail end of the main beam;

[0040] The electrical system calculates a first change difference according to the first actual gap and the second actual gap; calculates a second change difference according to the first actual gap and the third actual gap; and calculates a third change difference according to the third actual gap and the second actual gap;

[0041] If any change difference falls within the change difference interval, it is determined that any change difference meets a single judgment condition.

[0042] If any change difference value does not fall within the change difference value interval, it is determined that any change difference value does not meet the single judgment condition;

[0043] If the number of items satisfying the single judgment condition among the first change difference, the second change difference, and the third change difference is less than three, it is determined that the movable mold frame is offset during the assembly process, and the electrical system sends a first alarm signal.

[0044] Further, if the number of items that meet the single judgment condition among the first change difference, the second change difference, and the third change difference is less than three,

[0045] The actual height of the main beam supported by the first leg and the second leg is detected, and the electrical system calculates the height difference according to the actual height and the standard height, determines whether the actual height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg meets the requirement, and makes a risk level determination on the actual height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg.

[0046] Furthermore, the process of determining the risk level of the actual height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg includes:

[0047] Compare the height difference between the first leg and the second leg with the height difference evaluation value,

[0048] If the height difference between the first leg and the second leg is less than or equal to the evaluation value of the height difference between the first leg and the second leg, it is determined that the actual height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg is appropriate;

[0049] If the height difference between the first leg and the second leg is greater than the height difference evaluation value between the first leg and the second leg and less than the maximum height difference critical value between the first leg and the second leg, it is determined that the actual height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg is at the first risk level, and the electrical system sends a first adjustment signal to adjust the height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg;

[0050] If the height difference between the first leg and the second leg is greater than or equal to the critical value of the maximum height difference between the first leg and the second leg, it is determined that the actual height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg is at the second risk level, and the electrical system sends a second alarm signal to adjust the height of the pier.

[0051] Furthermore, the hydraulic system detects a first actual pressure and a second actual pressure borne by the first leg and the second leg, and the electrical system calculates a pressure difference according to the first actual pressure and the second actual pressure.

[0052] If the pressure difference between the first leg and the second leg is less than or equal to the pressure difference evaluation value between the first leg and the second leg, it is determined that after the assembly of the movable mold frame is completed, the forces on the first leg and the second leg are balanced;

[0053] If the pressure difference between the first leg and the second leg is greater than the pressure difference evaluation value between the first leg and the second leg, it is determined that after the assembly of the movable mold frame is completed, the forces on the first leg and the second leg are unbalanced, and the electrical system sends a third alarm signal to adjust the actual pressures on the first leg and the second leg;

[0054] During the process of assembling the movable mold frame, the actual pressure exerted on the first leg and the second leg does not exceed the maximum pressure critical value.

[0055] An upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction, comprising:

[0056] The main frame is composed of two parallel groups of longitudinal beams + connecting beams and cantilever beams. It is mainly used to hang the weight of equipment such as the external formwork system and the weight of structural materials such as steel bars and concrete. A cantilever beam is set in the middle of the main frame. The external ribs and external formwork can move horizontally on the cantilever beam. Each group of longitudinal beams is composed of 3 sections of load-bearing steel box main beams and 4 sections of guide beams. The center distance between two adjacent groups of longitudinal beams is 6 meters. There are 12 groups of main beam connection systems, including 8 groups of main beam connecting beams, 4 groups of guide beam connecting beams, and 8 groups on each side of the cantilever beams. The cantilever beams correspond to the main beam connecting beams to facilitate symmetrical force transmission.

[0057] The legs consist of three legs, all located below the main frame, from front to back they are the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg; the first leg and the second leg are movable legs, the third leg is a fixed leg, the first leg is supported on the pier, the second leg and the third leg are supported on the erected beam surface;

[0058] The hanging system includes hanging outer ribs, hanging walkways and electric hoists; there are 8 sets of hanging outer ribs, which are hung and installed on the cantilever beam of the main beam to support the outer formwork system. The hanging outer ribs can be split along the middle, and the outer formwork system can be opened and closed horizontally under the action of the transverse movement mechanism. After closing, it is locked by the locking mechanism to prevent the lateral sliding of the outer ribs; there are 2 sets of hanging walkways and electric hoists, which can move longitudinally along the track and serve as auxiliary cranes to lift beam surface steel bars, tools, etc.;

[0059] The transverse mechanism includes an outer rib and a transverse locking device. The transverse mechanism is composed of a support seat, an oil cylinder and a connecting pin shaft, with a total of 16 sets. One end of the transverse mechanism is connected to the top of the outer rib, and the other end is connected to the main beam or the cantilever beam. The oil cylinder of the transverse mechanism cyclically retracts and retracts to realize the opening and closing of the outer rib along the cantilever beam. After the outer rib is transversely closed, a transverse locking device is installed on the cantilever beam outside the outer rib. The transverse locking device is used to fix the transverse position of the outer rib. There are a total of 16 sets.

[0060] The formwork system consists of an outer formwork system, a bottom formwork system and an end formwork system. The outer formwork system consists of a bottom formwork, a belly formwork, a wing formwork and an adjustable support system. The formwork is supported on the hanging outer ribs through the adjustable support system. A pedestrian walkway is installed on the wing formwork for easy operation and passage of personnel. The bottom formwork is split from the middle along with the hanging outer ribs for easy horizontal opening and closing. The inner formwork system adopts a detachable inner formwork structure. The inner formwork design meets the requirements of 32-meter beams and takes into account the prefabrication construction of 24-meter beams. The end formwork is divided into 17 sections, which are bolted to each other, and the end formwork and side formwork, as well as the end formwork and inner formwork are bolted to each other.

[0061] Auxiliary structures include ladders, operating platforms, railings, etc. The operating platforms and ladders are the basic requirements to ensure safe construction and convenient operation of operators; the outrigger ladders and platforms are convenient for the operation of various movements of the mobile formwork; the main beam walkway is convenient for personnel to walk; the cantilever beam platform is convenient for personnel to operate the threaded steel bar tie rod and the rotary cylinder pump station; the hanging walkway is convenient for the installation and adjustment of the formwork support rod and the maintenance of the rotary cylinder; there are also several other ladders to facilitate the operators to go up and down;

[0062] The hydraulic system is used to realize the actions of longitudinal rib transverse movement, outrigger lifting, transverse movement and longitudinal movement. There are 4 sets of hydraulic systems in the whole machine: 1 set of hydraulic system for the first outrigger and the second outrigger, 1 set of hydraulic system for the front mold opening, and 1 set of hydraulic system for the rear mold opening and the third outrigger. Each hydraulic system consists of a hydraulic pump station, hydraulic pipelines and oil cylinders.

[0063] The electrical system is used to precisely control the various movements of the mobile formwork to ensure the accuracy and safety of the construction process, monitor the position, speed, load and other parameters of the mobile formwork, automatically adjust the operation according to the preset program, and provide the necessary power for the mobile formwork to drive the movement and operation of its various components;

[0064] Anchor system, used to fix the formwork to the completed bridge structure, providing the necessary stability to prevent the formwork from shifting or tilting during construction due to its own weight, pressure during concrete pouring, or other external forces;

[0065] Counterweights are used to increase the overall stability of the formwork system and prevent the formwork from tilting or moving due to its own weight and concrete pressure when pouring concrete. By adding counterweights, these external forces can be effectively balanced and offset to ensure the stability of the formwork during construction and to maintain the balance of the formwork when moving it, ensuring that the formwork does not tilt or tip over during movement.

[0066] Furthermore, the first leg is supported on the pier top at the front end of the main beam, and is the main load-bearing fulcrum of the entire mobile formwork, which mainly includes a shifting trolley, a crossbeam, and a supporting column, i.e., an anchoring system, and is anchored to the bridge pier through precision-rolled threaded steel bars during installation;

[0067] The shift trolley is composed of a bracket, a slide assembly, a transverse mechanism, a longitudinal mechanism, a supporting cylinder, a longitudinal cylinder, a transverse cylinder and other parts. The shift trolley moves transversely on the crossbeam of the supporting bracket under the push-pull action of the transverse cylinder. A movable baffle is also provided at the lower part of the trolley frame, which is connected by bolts. Its function is to play a back-hook protection when the mobile formwork is making beams and the legs pass through piers; the longitudinal slideway is opposite to the web of the main beam, and the longitudinal support is provided with anti-friction material to reduce the friction resistance of the longitudinal movement of the formwork through the hole; a longitudinal track is provided on the lower cover plate of the main beam, and a longitudinal push rail is provided near the center of the lower cover plate of the main beam. The cylinder end of the longitudinal cylinder is fixed on the longitudinal support, and the rod end is connected to the longitudinal push ear plate by a latch, and the rod end is connected to the longitudinal push ear plate by a latch. The longitudinal cylinder can push the mobile formwork forward 0.8m each time;

[0068] The longitudinal movement mechanism is a fork mechanism. According to the principle of mechanical lever mechanism, the cylinder pushes the steel box girder of the movable formwork to slide forward or backward by the different positions of the direction of the pin shaft inside. To change the direction once, only the direction of the pin shaft needs to be changed once. There is no need to manually change the pin shaft every time the cylinder pushes or pulls, thereby greatly saving labor. The crossbeam is a box-type steel box girder. The upper part is provided with a shifting trolley that can move horizontally by ±600mm to meet the needs of curved box girder construction; the lower part is connected with the column to transfer the load to the bridge pier;

[0069] The supporting columns are box-shaped columns, supported on the front pier of the construction span, supporting the main beam at the working elevation, with a center distance of 5600mm. The two columns are connected as a whole by diagonal braces and transverse braces, and the lower part of the columns is provided with an anchoring structure with the pier;

[0070] The first leg needs to be anchored to the pier top when in the casting state to prevent the leg from moving horizontally;

[0071] The second leg is located at the tail of the main beam system, supported on the end of the cast bridge, and mainly consists of a shifting trolley, a transverse beam, a support cushion, a transverse connecting rod, etc.;

[0072] The second leg has the same structural form as the first leg, so please refer to the instructions for use of the first leg when using the second leg; when assembling the pier top, the second leg needs to add the same column structure as the first leg to stand and anchor on the pier top;

[0073] The third leg is of driven wheel-rail type, and is composed of an upper crossbeam, a support column, a wheel box, a running wheel, a track, a diagonal brace and a supporting top, so as to realize the longitudinal movement of the main beam system and the external mold system through the hole; there are 8 rear running wheels in total, and the maximum wheel pressure at startup is 8t. The wheel pressure is reduced during the process of passing the hole, and it can be free after traveling 12 meters.

[0074] Furthermore, the hydraulic system of the first outrigger and the second outrigger is composed of a five-unit electromagnetic reversing valve pump station, two outrigger lifting cylinders, two longitudinal movement cylinders, two rear outrigger transverse movement cylinders and pipelines, etc., which are used to realize the outrigger lifting, transverse movement and longitudinal movement; the lifting cylinder is equipped with a balance valve to lock the cylinder and the outrigger, and a throttle valve is superimposed under the reversing valve to adjust the speed of the cylinder;

[0075] The front-end mold opening hydraulic system consists of a four-valve pump station, 8 mold opening oil cylinders and pipelines, etc., which are used to realize the transverse movement of the longitudinal ribs. A throttle valve is superimposed under the reversing valve to adjust the speed of the oil cylinder;

[0076] The rear-end mold opening and third leg hydraulic system consists of a four-valve pump station, four third leg lifting cylinders, eight mold opening cylinders and pipelines, etc., which are used to realize the lifting of the third leg and the horizontal movement of the rear-end mold opening longitudinal ribs; each balance valve controls two lifting cylinders to lock the cylinders and legs, and a throttle valve is superimposed under the reversing valve to adjust the speed of the cylinder;

[0077] Because reverse construction is required, the rear mold opening pump station is exactly the same as the front mold opening pump station. In this way, the pump station does not need to be replaced during reverse construction, only the hose needs to be replaced.

[0078] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention lies in that the levelness of the mobile formwork directly affects the levelness of the bridge, and detecting the levelness of the mobile formwork can ensure the safety of the bridge structure. The accuracy of the bridge levelness directly affects the stability and durability of the bridge structure; if the levelness does not meet the design requirements, it may cause the bridge structure to bear uneven loads, thereby increasing the risk of structural damage; to ensure the function of the bridge, the levelness of the bridge affects the comfort and safety of driving; if the deviation of the bridge levelness is large, it will affect the driving stability of the vehicle and may even cause traffic accidents; to improve the construction quality, the levelness detection is an important part of the bridge construction quality control, through regular detection and adjustment, the deviation in the construction can be discovered and corrected in time to ensure that the construction quality meets the design standards.

[0079] Furthermore, the reverse construction operation steps of the mobile formwork can achieve reverse construction without dismantling the main beam, and because the upper structures of the first leg and the second leg are the same, the third leg can stand stably alone and achieve longitudinal movement on the track, so that the mobile formwork can complete the conversion between forward construction and reverse construction without the need for external equipment during the forward and reverse conversion process.

[0080] The section-by-section assembly of the symmetrical double-guide beam mobile formwork and the forward and reverse rapid construction method have added an option for the assembly of mobile formwork. The method of assembling mobile formwork behind platforms in mountainous areas has greatly reduced the requirements for assembly sites and assembly machinery. The equipment is used for self-movement and assembly, which is simple and convenient to operate with high safety and reliability. It fully saves construction land, reduces project costs, shortens project construction periods, and increases the speed of railway bridge project construction.

[0081] Furthermore, as the first mobile formwork for a symmetrical guide beam structure for high-speed railways, the design was fully discussed with the manufacturer in order to retain its advantages of rapid construction while also having the ability for rapid reverse construction. The front and rear guide beams are both 18.25m, and other aspects are of the upward type. The legs are located on the beam surface and the top of the pier. The support method is simple, which is conducive to the installation of the legs. The double main beam structure has better stability and strong wind resistance. The two-span three-leg structure has a simple process, and the simply supported through-holes use a transverse cylinder to adapt to small curve construction and plane position fine-tuning. The crawler-style walking makes the through-holes safer. The external ribbed steel section can be hung for low pier construction. The external formwork is flat, and the clearance requirement is reduced to 1.65m. The boom is moved outward to avoid the concentrated steel bar area for easy construction. An electric hoist is installed on the inside of the main beam to increase the speed of small material transportation for easy construction. After entering the site, in order to ensure the continuity of construction, a portable assembled roof is added to protect against rain in the rainy season and provide shade in the summer to ensure that the construction is not affected by the weather. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0082] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the steps of a bidirectional construction method of an upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 3 It is a mid-span cross-sectional view of a pouring state of an upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 4 It is a mid-span cross-sectional view of the upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction in the embodiment of the present invention in the through-hole state;

[0086] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the first leg of the upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0087] In the figure: 1-main frame, 2-first leg, 3-second leg, 4-third leg, 5-hanging walkway and electric hoist, 6-hanging outer rib, 7-outer mold system, 8-bottom mold system, 9-end mold system, 10-threaded steel bar hanger rod, 13-ladder, 14-transverse locking device, 15-hydraulic system, 16-electrical system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0088] In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0089] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0090] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "inside" and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is merely for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0091] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0092] See also Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the steps of a bidirectional construction method of an upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a mid-span cross-sectional view of a pouring state of an upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a mid-span cross-sectional view of the upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction in the embodiment of the present invention in the through-hole state; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the first leg of an upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0093] In this embodiment, taking the in-situ cast-in-place and through-hole operation process of a mobile formwork of 32m or more as an example, a bidirectional construction method of an upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction is provided, including:

[0094] Formwork assembly, standard operation and reverse construction of the mobile formwork;

[0095] The steps of mold frame assembly include:

[0096] Step S1, setting up a temporary foundation, placing the first leg and the second leg using a lifting device, installing the diagonal brace of the first leg, setting up a temporary support, and setting a slide plate on the temporary support;

[0097] Step S2, assembling the first guide beam, the second guide beam and the first main beam; assembling the connecting beams between the guide beams, assembling the connecting beams between the main beams and the outer cantilever beams;

[0098] Step S3, start the longitudinal movement mechanism of the first leg and the second leg, move the assembled main beam forward by 9m; assemble the second main beam, assemble the connecting beam between the second main beams and the outer cantilever beam; start the longitudinal movement mechanism of the first leg and the second leg, move the assembled main beam forward by 10.15m; continue to assemble the first main beam, assemble the connecting beam between the first main beams and the outer cantilever beam;

[0099] Step S4, remove the anchorage of the beam surface of the first leg, empty the second leg, move the second leg forward 10m to the temporary foundation, and support the second leg on 4 tensioning jacks; support the second leg, empty the first leg, move the first leg forward 19.7m to the top of the first pier in front, and install the diagonal brace of the first leg; start the longitudinal movement mechanism of the first leg and the second leg, and move the assembled main beam forward 14m; during the movement, when the outer cantilever beam exceeds the second leg, install the outer rib and the outer mold and hang them on the cantilever beam;

[0100] Step S5, installing the third guide beam at the rear and the connecting beam between the guide beams; starting the longitudinal movement mechanism of the first leg and the second leg, and moving the assembled main beam forward 8m; during the movement, when the outer cantilever beam exceeds the second leg, continue to install the outer rib and the outer mold hanging on the cantilever beam; continue to install the fourth guide beam at the rear, the connecting beam between the guide beams and the counterweight;

[0101] Step S6, start the longitudinal movement mechanism of the first leg and the second leg, and move the assembled main beam forward 10.7m; during the movement, when the outer cantilever beam exceeds the second leg, continue to install the outer rib and the outer mold hanging on the cantilever beam;

[0102] Step S7, dismantling the temporary support, installing the third leg, and anchoring the third leg on the ground anchor;

[0103] Step S8, remove the diagonal brace of the first leg, empty the second leg, move the second leg forward 19.7m to the top of the No. 1 pier, and anchor the guide beam at the original support position of the second leg; support the second leg, empty the first leg, move the first leg forward 32.7m to the top of the No. 2 pier in front, and install the diagonal braces of the first leg and the second leg;

[0104] Step S9, remove the guide beam anchor and the third leg anchor, and lay the third leg track; start the first leg and second leg longitudinal movement mechanism, move the whole machine forward 17.7m to the preset position and then stop, the installation is completed, and the mobile formwork is tested for horizontality and force balance.

[0105] In this embodiment, the electrical system is provided with a standard gap He, and measures in real time a first actual gap H1 between the outer mold and the head end of the main beam, a second actual gap H2 between the outer mold and the middle end of the main beam, and a third actual gap H3 between the outer mold and the tail end of the main beam;

[0106] The electrical system calculates a first change difference B1 according to the first actual gap H1 and the second actual gap H2, where B1=|H1-H2|; calculates a second change difference B2 according to the first actual gap H1 and the third actual gap H3, where B2=|H1-H3|; and calculates a third change difference B3 according to the third actual gap H3 and the second actual gap H2, where B3=|H2-H3|;

[0107] If the i-th change difference falls within the change difference interval Be, it is determined that the i-th change difference meets the single judgment condition,

[0108] If the i-th change difference does not fall within the change difference interval Be, it is determined that the i-th change difference does not meet the single judgment condition, i=1, 2, 3,

[0109] Wherein, the electrical system is provided with the variation difference interval Be=[Bemin, Bemax], wherein Bemin is the minimum value of the variation difference interval Be, and Bemax is the maximum value of the variation difference interval Be;

[0110] If the number of items satisfying the single judgment condition among the first change difference B1, the second change difference B2, and the third change difference B3 is less than three, it is determined that the movable mold frame is offset during the assembly process, and the electrical system sends a first alarm signal.

[0111] The electrical system controls the hydraulic devices of the first leg and the second leg to adjust the standard height of the mobile mold frame.

[0112] If the number of items that meet the single judgment condition among the first change difference B1, the second change difference B2, and the third change difference B3 is less than three, a distance measuring instrument is used to detect the actual heights He1 and He2 of the main beam supported by the first leg and the second leg,

[0113] The electrical system calculates the height differences S1 and S2 according to the actual heights He1 and He2 and the standard height He, S1=|He1-He|, S2=|He2-He|, and determines whether the actual height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic devices of the first leg and the second leg meets the requirement.

[0114] If S1≤S10 and S2≤S20, it is determined that the actual height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg is appropriate;

[0115] If S10<S1<S10max or S20<S2<S20max, it is determined that the actual height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg is at the first risk level, and the electrical system sends a first adjustment signal to adjust the height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg;

[0116] If S1≥S10max or S2≥S20max, it is determined that the actual height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg is at the second risk level, and the electrical system sends a second alarm signal to adjust the height of the pier column;

[0117] Among them, S10 and S20 are evaluation values ​​of the height difference between the first leg and the second leg set in the electrical system, and S10max and S20max are critical values ​​of the maximum height difference between the first leg and the second leg set in the electrical system.

[0118] The hydraulic system is provided with a maximum pressure critical value Fmax and a standard pressure Fe. The hydraulic system detects a first actual pressure F1 and a second actual pressure F2 borne by the first leg and the second leg. The electrical system calculates pressure difference values ​​S3 and S4 according to the first actual pressure F1 and the second actual pressure F2, where S3=|F1-Fe| and S4=|F2-Fe|.

[0119] If S3≤S30 and S4≤S40, it is determined that after the movable mold frame is assembled, the forces on the first leg and the second leg are balanced;

[0120] If S3>S30 or S4>S40, it is determined that after the movable mold frame is assembled, the forces on the first leg and the second leg are unbalanced, and the electrical system sends a third alarm signal to adjust the actual pressure on the first leg and the second leg;

[0121] Wherein, S30 and S40 are pressure difference evaluation values ​​of the first leg and the second leg set in the hydraulic system;

[0122] During the process of assembling the movable mold frame, the actual pressures on the first leg and the second leg do not exceed the maximum pressure critical value Fmax.

[0123] Specifically, the levelness of the mobile formwork directly affects the levelness of the bridge. Testing the levelness of the mobile formwork can ensure the safety of the bridge structure. The accuracy of the bridge levelness directly affects the stability and durability of the bridge structure. If the levelness does not meet the design requirements, it may cause the bridge structure to bear uneven loads, thereby increasing the risk of structural damage. To ensure the function of the bridge, the levelness of the bridge affects the comfort and safety of driving. If the deviation of the bridge levelness is large, it will affect the driving stability of the vehicle and may even cause traffic accidents. To improve the construction quality, levelness detection is an important part of bridge construction quality control. Through regular detection and adjustment, deviations in construction can be discovered and corrected in time to ensure that the construction quality meets the design standards.

[0124] The steps of standard operating procedures include:

[0125] Step S1, after the mobile formwork is installed, the first leg and the second leg are converted to the heavy-load support mode, and the third leg is emptied; the outer ribs are closed, the outer mold is closed, the outer rib locking mechanism is installed, the outer rib suspension rod is installed, the elevation is adjusted, the steel bars are tied, the bottom mold is installed, and the concrete is poured; after the concrete is poured and reaches the tension strength, the inner mold support rod is removed and tensioned; the suspension rod is removed, and the supporting cylinders of the first leg and the second leg are recovered to make the formwork as a whole fall about 10 cm to demould; the pump station horizontal movement cylinder is operated to push the outer rib, and the external mold system is opened horizontally;

[0126] Step S2, the first leg and the second leg supporting cylinders are emptied; the slide plate contacts the track; the first leg diagonal brace is installed, and the first leg is anchored to the poured concrete beam; the electric hoist is hung to the rear of the main beam area; the first leg and the second leg longitudinal movement cylinders are started, and the whole machine moves forward 15m;

[0127] Step S3, the first leg is supported by the oil cylinder and mechanically loaded; the second leg and the third leg are supported by the column pin shaft and the wheel rail, and the iron wedges are installed and wedged in front and behind the running wheels, and the second leg is vacated; the third leg and the second leg are suspended and moved forward for two meters and then temporarily stopped, and the guide beam anchoring device is installed to anchor the rear end guide beam to the concrete beam; the anchoring of the first leg and the beam surface is released; the second leg continues to be suspended and moved forward for one span;

[0128] Step S4, the second leg supports the main beam and the first leg is emptied; the second leg and the first leg are suspended and moved forward one span to the front pier top; the second leg support cylinder retracts to support the first leg slide plate with the guide beam track; the diagonal brace is installed to anchor the first leg with the front pier top; the second leg support cylinder continues to retract to support the second leg slide plate with the main beam track, and the second leg support cylinder is emptied; the anchoring of the rear end guide beam and the beam surface is released;

[0129] Step S5, remove the iron wedge of the third leg, support the running wheel on the track, start the longitudinal movement cylinder of the first leg and the second leg, move the whole machine forward 17.7m, and empty the third leg after the whole machine travels about 12 meters; operate the transverse movement cylinder of the pump station to close the outer ribs, and the outer mold system moves horizontally to close and connect the outer ribs at the middle seam and the outer mold connection bolts; the first leg and the second leg are converted to heavy-load support mode; release the first leg and the pier top diagonal brace, and confirm again that the third leg is in an empty state; install the outer rib locking mechanism, install the outer rib suspension rod, and adjust the elevation; complete a construction cycle;

[0130] The steps of reverse construction operation include:

[0131] Step S1, after the construction of the last span is completed, the mobile formwork will continue to work in the opposite direction; the connection between the third leg and the guide beam is released, and the third leg is dropped on the beam surface; the third leg transversely bypasses the second leg beam and the first leg beam, moves forward 68.5 meters, and reconnects with the guide beam; the original counterweight is removed, moved forward 68.5 meters, and re-installed on the counterweight platform at the other end;

[0132] Step S2, removing the longitudinal movement cylinders of the first leg and the second leg, changing their directions, and reinstalling them in the reverse direction; the original first leg is renamed as the second leg, and the original second leg is renamed as the first leg;

[0133] Step S3, after the above work is completed, the third leg track is laid, and the boom is removed, the first leg and the second leg support cylinder are recovered to make the mold frame fall about 10cm as a whole to demould, and the third leg acts on the track; the pump station horizontal movement cylinder is operated to push the outer rib to make the outer mold system horizontally move and open;

[0134] Step S4, when the supporting cylinders of the first leg and the second leg are emptied and the slide plate is in contact with the track, the first leg diagonal brace is installed to anchor the first leg to the poured concrete beam; the lifting trolley is operated to move to the rear of the main beam area, the longitudinal movement cylinders of the first leg and the second leg are started, and the whole machine moves forward 15 meters;

[0135] Step S5, after the whole machine moves forward 15m, the third leg column pin is loaded and supported by the wheel rail, iron wedges are installed in front and behind the running wheels to tighten, the second leg is vacated, and the tail end of the rear guide beam is anchored to the beam surface; the second leg is suspended and moved forward one span to the front beam surface to support it again;

[0136] Step S6, the second leg supports the main beam, the first leg is emptied, and the first leg is suspended and moved forward one step to the front beam surface; the second leg support cylinder is controlled to retract so that the first leg slide plate is supported by the main beam track; the second leg support cylinder is further retracted so that the second leg slide plate is supported by the main beam track, so that the second leg support cylinder is emptied; the anchoring of the rear end of the guide beam and the beam surface is released;

[0137] Step S7, after releasing the anchor, remove the iron wedge of the third leg, support the running wheel on the track, start the longitudinal movement cylinder of the first leg and the second leg, move the whole machine forward 17.7 meters, and use its own leg cylinder to gradually move to the working pier position; operate the pump station transverse movement cylinder to close the outer ribs, and the outer mold system transversely moves and closes and connects the outer ribs at the middle seam and the outer mold connecting bolts; convert the first leg and the second leg to heavy-load support mode; empty the third leg, install the outer rib locking mechanism, install the outer rib suspension rod, and adjust the elevation, thereby completing a reverse construction operation cycle;

[0138] The bidirectional construction method of the upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction also includes a construction conversion method for a 32-meter span and a 24-meter span, wherein:

[0139] 32m span - 24m span construction:

[0140] Remove the two 4-meter-long standard sections at the rear end of the outer mold, and move the rear end template forward 8 meters for installation; remove the 4 1.5-meter-long standard ends + two 1-meter-long standard ends at the rear end of the inner mold, and move the rear end template forward 8 meters for installation; remove the two sets of hanging at the rear; move the second leg forward 8 meters for support;

[0141] 24m span - 32m span construction:

[0142] Install two 4-meter-long standard ends at the rear end of the outer mold, and move the rear end template 8 meters back for installation; install four 1.5-meter-long standard ends + two 1-meter-long standard ends at the rear end of the inner mold, and move the rear end template 8 meters back for installation; install two sets of hanging at the rear; move the second leg back 8 meters for support;

[0143] Specifically, the reverse construction operation steps of the mobile formwork can achieve reverse construction without dismantling the main beam, and because the upper structures of the first leg and the second leg are the same, the third leg can stand stably alone and achieve longitudinal movement on the track, so that the mobile formwork can complete the conversion between forward construction and reverse construction without the need for external equipment during the forward and reverse conversion process.

[0144] The section-by-section assembly of the symmetrical double-guide beam mobile formwork and the forward and reverse rapid construction method have added an option for the assembly of mobile formwork. The method of assembling mobile formwork behind platforms in mountainous areas has greatly reduced the requirements for assembly sites and assembly machinery. The equipment is used for self-movement and assembly, which is simple and convenient to operate with high safety and reliability. It fully saves construction land, reduces project costs, shortens project construction periods, and increases the speed of railway bridge project construction.

[0145] An upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction, which is a box beam and truss combined structure, comprising:

[0146] The main frame 1 is composed of two parallel groups of longitudinal beams, connecting beams and cantilever beams. It is mainly used to hang the weight of equipment such as the external formwork system and the weight of structural materials such as steel bars and concrete. A cantilever beam is set in the middle of the main frame. The external ribs and external formwork can move horizontally on the cantilever beam. Each group of longitudinal beams is composed of 3 sections of load-bearing steel box main beams and 4 sections of guide beams. The center distance between two adjacent groups of longitudinal beams is 6 meters. There are 12 groups of main beam connection systems, including 8 groups of main beam connection beams, 4 groups of guide beam connection beams, and 8 groups on each side of the cantilever beams. The cantilever beams correspond to the main beam connection beams to facilitate symmetrical force transmission.

[0147] Outriggers: It consists of 3 outriggers, all located below the main frame, from front to back, namely the first outrigger 2, the second outrigger 3, and the third outrigger 4; the first outrigger and the second outrigger are movable outriggers, and the third outrigger is a fixed outrigger. The first outrigger is supported on the pier, and the second outrigger and the third outrigger are supported on the erected beam surface;

[0148] The first leg 2 is supported on the pier top at the front end of the main beam and is the main load-bearing fulcrum of the entire mobile formwork. It mainly includes a shifting trolley, a crossbeam, and a supporting column, i.e., an anchoring system. During installation, it is anchored to the bridge pier through precision-rolled threaded steel bars.

[0149] The shift trolley is composed of a bracket, a slide assembly, a transverse mechanism, a longitudinal mechanism, a supporting cylinder, a longitudinal cylinder, a transverse cylinder and other parts. The shift trolley moves transversely on the crossbeam of the supporting bracket under the push-pull action of the transverse cylinder. A movable baffle is also provided at the lower part of the trolley frame, which is connected by bolts. Its function is to play a reverse hook protection when the mobile formwork is making beams and the legs pass through piers; the longitudinal slideway is opposite to the web of the main beam, and the longitudinal support is provided with anti-friction material to reduce the friction resistance of the formwork longitudinally through the hole; a longitudinal track is provided on the lower cover plate of the main beam, and a longitudinal push rail is provided near the center of the lower cover plate of the main beam. The cylinder end of the longitudinal cylinder is fixed on the longitudinal support, and the rod end is connected to the longitudinal push ear plate by a latch, and the rod end is connected to the longitudinal push ear plate by a latch. The longitudinal cylinder can push the mobile formwork forward 0.8m each time;

[0150] The longitudinal movement mechanism is a fork mechanism. Based on the principle of mechanical lever mechanism, the cylinder pushes the steel box girder of the mobile formwork frame to slide forward or backward by the different positions of the pin shaft inside. To change the direction once, it is only necessary to change the direction of the pin shaft once. There is no need to manually change the pin shaft every time the cylinder pushes or pulls, which greatly saves labor. The crossbeam is a box-type steel box girder. The upper part is for the shifting trolley to move horizontally by ±600mm to meet the needs of curved box girder construction; the lower part is connected to the column to transfer the load to the pier;

[0151] The supporting columns are box-shaped columns, supported on the front pier of the construction span, supporting the main beam at the working elevation, with a center distance of 5600mm. The two columns are connected as a whole by diagonal braces and transverse braces, and the lower part of the columns is provided with an anchoring structure with the piers;

[0152] The first leg 2 needs to be anchored to the pier top when being cast to prevent the leg from moving horizontally.

[0153] The second leg 3 is located at the tail end of the main beam system and is supported on the end of the cast bridge. It is mainly composed of a shifting trolley, a transverse beam, a support cushion, a transverse connecting rod, etc.

[0154] The second leg 3 has the same structural form as the first leg 2. When assembling on the pier top, the second leg needs to be equipped with a column structure identical to the first leg to stand and anchor on the pier top;

[0155] The third leg 4 is a driven wheel-track type, consisting of an upper crossbeam, a support column, a wheel box, a running wheel, a track, a diagonal brace and a supporting top, so as to realize the longitudinal movement of the main beam system and the outer mold system through the hole; there are 8 rear running wheels in total, and the maximum wheel pressure is 8t when starting. The wheel pressure is reduced during the hole-passing process, and it can be freed after traveling about 12 meters;

[0156] The hanging system includes hanging outer ribs 6, hanging walkways and electric hoists 5; there are 8 sets of hanging outer ribs, which are hung and installed on the cantilever beam of the main beam to support the outer formwork system. The hanging outer ribs can be split along the middle, and the outer formwork system can be opened and closed horizontally under the action of the transverse movement mechanism. After closing, it is locked by the locking mechanism to prevent the outer ribs from sliding horizontally; there are 2 sets of hanging walkways and electric hoists, which can move longitudinally along the track and serve as auxiliary cranes to lift beam surface steel bars, tools, etc.;

[0157] The transverse mechanism includes an outer rib and a transverse locking device 14. The transverse mechanism is composed of a support seat, an oil cylinder and a connecting pin shaft, and there are 16 sets in total. One end of the transverse mechanism is connected to the top of the outer rib, and the other end is connected to the main beam or the cantilever beam. The oil cylinder of the transverse mechanism cyclically retracts and retracts to realize the opening and closing of the outer rib along the cantilever beam. After the outer rib is transversely closed, a transverse locking device is installed on the cantilever beam outside the outer rib. The transverse locking device is used to fix the transverse position of the outer rib, and there are 16 sets in total.

[0158] The formwork system is composed of an outer formwork system 7, a bottom formwork system 8 and an end formwork system 9. The outer formwork system is composed of a bottom formwork, a belly formwork, a wing formwork and an adjustable support system. The formwork is supported on the hanging outer ribs through the adjustable support system. A pedestrian passage is installed on the wing formwork for easy operation and passage of personnel. The bottom formwork is split from the middle along with the hanging outer ribs for easy horizontal opening and closing. The inner formwork system adopts a detachable inner formwork structure. The inner formwork design meets the requirements of 32-meter beams and takes into account the prefabrication construction of 24-meter beams. The end formwork is divided into 17 sections, which are bolted to each other, and the end formwork and the side formwork, as well as the end formwork and the inner formwork are bolted to each other.

[0159] The auxiliary structure includes ladders 13, operating platforms, railings, etc. The operating platforms and ladders are the basic requirements to ensure the safety of construction and convenient operation of operators; the outrigger ladders and platforms are convenient for the operation of various movements of the mobile formwork; the main beam walkway is convenient for personnel to walk; the cantilever beam platform is convenient for personnel to operate the threaded steel bar suspension rod 10 and the rotary cylinder pump station; the hanging walkway is convenient for the installation and adjustment of the formwork support rod and the maintenance of the rotary cylinder; there are also several other ladders to facilitate the operators to go up and down;

[0160] The hydraulic system 15 is used to realize the actions of longitudinal rib transverse movement, outrigger lifting, transverse movement and longitudinal movement. There are 4 sets of hydraulic systems in the whole machine: 1 set of hydraulic systems for the first outrigger and the second outrigger, 1 set of hydraulic systems for the front mold opening, and 1 set of hydraulic systems for the rear mold opening and the third outrigger. Each hydraulic system consists of a hydraulic pump station, hydraulic pipelines and oil cylinders.

[0161] The hydraulic system of the first and second outriggers consists of a five-unit electromagnetic reversing valve pump station, two outrigger lifting cylinders, two longitudinal movement cylinders, two rear outrigger transverse movement cylinders and pipelines, etc., which are used to realize the outrigger lifting, transverse movement and longitudinal movement; the lifting cylinder is equipped with a balance valve to lock the cylinder and the outrigger, and a throttle valve is superimposed under the reversing valve to adjust the speed of the cylinder;

[0162] The front-end mold opening hydraulic system consists of a four-valve pump station, 8 mold opening cylinders and pipelines, etc., which are used to realize the transverse movement of the longitudinal ribs. A throttle valve is superimposed under the reversing valve to adjust the speed of the cylinder;

[0163] The rear mold opening and third leg hydraulic system consists of a four-valve pump station, four third leg lifting cylinders, eight mold opening cylinders and pipelines, etc., which are used to realize the lifting of the third leg and the horizontal movement of the rear mold opening longitudinal ribs; each balance valve controls two lifting cylinders to lock the cylinders and legs, and a throttle valve is superimposed under the reversing valve to adjust the speed of the cylinder;

[0164] Because reverse construction is required, the rear mold opening pump station is exactly the same as the front mold opening pump station. In this way, the pump station does not need to be replaced during reverse construction, only the hose needs to be replaced;

[0165] The electrical system 16 is used to accurately control the various movements of the mobile formwork, ensure the accuracy and safety of the construction process, monitor the position, speed, load and other parameters of the mobile formwork, automatically adjust the operation according to the preset program, and provide the necessary power for the mobile formwork to drive the movement and operation of its various components;

[0166] Anchor system, used to fix the formwork to the completed bridge structure, providing the necessary stability to prevent the formwork from shifting or tilting during construction due to its own weight, pressure during concrete pouring, or other external forces;

[0167] Counterweights are used to increase the overall stability of the formwork system and prevent the formwork from tilting or moving due to its own weight and concrete pressure when pouring concrete. By adding counterweights, these external forces can be effectively balanced and offset to ensure the stability of the formwork during construction and to keep the formwork balanced when moving it, ensuring that the formwork does not tilt or tip over during movement.

[0168] Specifically, the maximum beam weight of the upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction described in the embodiment of the present invention is 900t, which is suitable for the construction of 24m and 32m simply supported beams, with a length of 72.5m, an open mold width of 24m, a closed mold width of 18.8m, a height of 8.9m, and a self-weight of 445t;

[0169] As a mobile formwork for the symmetrical guide beam structure of high-speed railway, it must not only retain its advantages of fast construction, but also have the ability of fast reverse construction. The front and rear guide beams are both 18.25m, and other aspects adopt the upward type. The legs are located on the beam surface and the pier top. The support method is simple, which is conducive to the installation of the legs. The double main beam structure has better stability and strong wind resistance. The two-span three-leg structure has a simple process, simply supported through-holes, and a transverse cylinder is used to adapt to small curve construction and plane position fine-tuning. The walking-type walking makes the through-holes safer. The external rib steel section is suspended, and low pier construction can be carried out. The external formwork is opened flat, and the clearance requirement is reduced to 1.65m. The hanger is moved outward to avoid the steel bar concentration area for easy construction. An electric hoist is installed on the inside of the main beam to increase the speed of small material transportation and facilitate construction. After entering the site, in order to ensure the continuity of construction, a portable assembled roof is added to prevent rain in the rainy season and shade in the summer to ensure that the construction is not affected by the weather.

[0170] So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0171] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bidirectional construction method of an upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction, characterized in that: include: Step S1, assembling the movable formwork at the head end of the bridge under construction; Step S2, after the mobile mold frame is assembled, the mobile mold frame is started to perform forward standard operation; The steps of the mold frame assembly method include: Step S11, setting a temporary foundation, placing the first leg and the second leg on the temporary foundation and the construction site by using a lifting device, and setting up a temporary support on the construction site; assembling the first guide beam, the second guide beam and the first main beam on the first leg and the second leg, and assembling the connecting beams between the guide beams and the connecting beams and the outer cantilever beams between the main beams; Step S12, start the longitudinal movement mechanism of the first leg and the second leg, move the assembled main beam forward, assemble the connecting beam between the second main beam and the second main beam and the outer cantilever beam after the main beam stops moving forward; and continue to assemble the first main beam and the connecting beam between the first main beam and the outer cantilever beam; Step S13, move the second leg forward to the temporary foundation, support the second leg on the tensioning jack, and move the first leg forward to the top of the first pier in front; start the longitudinal movement mechanism of the first leg and the second leg, move the assembled main beam forward, install the outer ribs and the outer mold on the cantilever beam after the main beam stops moving forward, install the third guide beam at the rear and the connecting beam between the guide beams, and continue to install the fourth guide beam at the rear, the connecting beam between the guide beams and the counterweight; Step S14, dismantling the temporary support, installing the third leg, and anchoring the third leg on the ground anchor; Step S15, move the second leg forward to the top of the No. 1 pier, and move the first leg forward to the top of the No. 2 pier in front; start the longitudinal movement mechanism of the first leg and the second leg, and stop after the whole machine moves forward to the preset position, and the installation is completed, and the horizontality of the mobile formwork is detected and the force balance is detected; The steps of standard operating procedures include: Step S21, after the installation of the mobile formwork is completed, the outer ribs and outer mold of the mobile formwork are closed, the bottom mold is installed and concrete is poured; after the concrete pouring is completed and reaches the tensile strength, the first leg and the second leg support cylinders are recovered to make the formwork fall down as a whole to demould, and after demoulding, the outer mold system is turned on for transverse movement to open the outer ribs and the outer mold; the first leg and the second leg longitudinal movement cylinders are started to move the whole machine forward; Step S22, after the whole machine moves forward to the preset position, the second leg and the first leg are hung under the main beam and move forward one step to the top of the pier in front; the longitudinal movement cylinders of the first leg and the second leg are started to move the whole machine forward; the outer mold system moves horizontally to close the outer ribs and the outer mold, completing a construction cycle; The bidirectional construction method of the mobile formwork also includes a reverse construction operation of the mobile formwork, and the reverse construction operation step S3 includes: Step S31, after the construction of the last span is completed, the mobile formwork will continue to work in the opposite direction; the connection between the third leg and the guide beam is released, and the third leg is dropped on the beam surface; the third leg transversely bypasses the second leg beam and the first leg beam, switches forward, and reconnects with the guide beam; the original counterweight is removed, switched forward, and re-installed on the counterweight platform at the other end; Step S32, the longitudinal movement cylinders of the first leg and the second leg are removed and reversed, and then reinstalled in the reverse direction; the original first leg is renamed as the second leg, and the original second leg is renamed as the first leg; Step S33, after the above work is completed, the third leg track is laid, the first leg and the second leg support cylinder are retracted to make the mold frame fall down and demould as a whole, the third leg acts on the track, and the outer mold system is turned on for transverse movement; Step S34, when the third leg slide plate contacts the track, the first leg is anchored to the poured concrete beam; the lifting trolley is operated to move to the rear of the main beam area, the longitudinal movement cylinders of the first leg and the second leg are started, and the whole machine moves forward; Step S35, after the whole machine moves forward, the second leg is suspended and moved forward one span to the front beam surface to support again; when the second leg supports the main beam, the first leg is suspended and moved forward one span to the front beam surface, and the first leg supports the main beam; Step S36, start the longitudinal movement cylinders of the first leg and the second leg, move the whole machine forward, and use its own leg cylinders to gradually move to the working pier position; operate the pump station transverse movement cylinder to bring the outer ribs together, and the outer mold system moves horizontally and closes; convert the first leg and the second leg to heavy-load support mode; evacuate the third leg and adjust the elevation, thereby completing a reverse construction operation cycle.

2. The bidirectional construction method of the upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bidirectional construction method of the upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction also includes a construction conversion method for different spans between bridges, wherein: The construction of the first span is converted to the construction of the second span. Remove the two standard sections of the first preset length at the rear end of the outer mold, and move the rear end template forward by the second preset length for installation; remove the four standard ends and two standard ends at the rear end of the inner mold, and move the rear end template forward by the second preset length for installation; remove the two sets of hanging at the rear, and move the second leg forward by the second preset length for support; The second span construction is converted to the first span construction, Install the two standard ends of the first preset length at the rear end of the outer mold, and move the rear end template back to the second preset length for installation; install the four standard ends and two standard ends at the rear end of the inner mold, and move the rear end template back to the second preset length for installation; install the two sets of hanging at the rear; move the second leg back to the second preset length for support; The first preset length is half of the difference between the first span and the second span, and the second preset length is equal to the difference between the first span and the second span.

3. The bidirectional construction method of the upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The bidirectional construction method of the upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction also includes: The mobile formwork is used to determine that the continuous beam has been cast and cured by the continuous beam method, remove the first leg support column, stand on the beam surface, adjust the formwork to the open state, and the steps of walking on the continuous beam are the same as the standard operation steps; The method of moving the formwork through the tunnel is used to determine that the tunnel construction has been completed, remove the formwork templates, suspension and cantilever beams, remove the first leg supporting column of the formwork, stand on the bottom of the tunnel, and the steps of walking in the tunnel are the same as the standard operation steps.

4. The bidirectional construction method of the upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction according to claim 3 is characterized in that: After the mobile formwork is installed, the process of detecting the horizontality and force balance of the mobile formwork includes: A standard gap is set in the electrical system to measure in real time a first actual gap between the outer mold and the head end of the main beam, a second actual gap between the outer mold and the middle end of the main beam, and a third actual gap between the outer mold and the tail end of the main beam; The electrical system calculates a first change difference according to the first actual gap and the second actual gap; and calculates a second change difference according to the first actual gap and the third actual gap; Calculating a third change difference according to the third actual gap and the second actual gap; If any change difference falls within the change difference interval, it is determined that any change difference meets a single judgment condition. If any change difference value does not fall within the change difference value interval, it is determined that any change difference value does not meet the single judgment condition; If the number of items satisfying the single judgment condition among the first change difference, the second change difference, and the third change difference is less than three, it is determined that the movable mold frame is offset during the assembly process, and the electrical system sends a first alarm signal.

5. The bidirectional construction method of the upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction according to claim 4 is characterized in that: If the number of items that meet the single judgment condition among the first change difference, the second change difference, and the third change difference is less than three, The actual height of the main beam supported by the first leg and the second leg is detected, and the electrical system calculates the height difference according to the actual height and the standard height, determines whether the actual height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg meets the requirement, and makes a risk level determination on the actual height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg.

6. The bidirectional construction method of the upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The process of determining the risk level of the actual height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg includes: Compare the height difference between the first leg and the second leg with the height difference evaluation value, If the height difference between the first leg and the second leg is greater than the height difference evaluation value between the first leg and the second leg and less than the maximum height difference critical value between the first leg and the second leg, it is determined that the actual height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg is at the first risk level, and the electrical system sends a first adjustment signal to adjust the height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg; If the height difference between the first leg and the second leg is greater than or equal to the critical value of the maximum height difference between the first leg and the second leg, it is determined that the actual height of the main beam lifted by the hydraulic device of the first leg and the second leg is at the second risk level, and the electrical system sends a second alarm signal to adjust the height of the pier.

7. The bidirectional construction method of the upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first actual pressure and the second actual pressure borne by the first leg and the second leg are detected by the hydraulic system, and the electrical system calculates the pressure difference according to the first actual pressure and the second actual pressure. If the pressure difference between the first leg and the second leg is greater than the pressure difference evaluation value between the first leg and the second leg, it is determined that after the assembly of the movable mold frame is completed, the forces on the first leg and the second leg are unbalanced, and the electrical system sends a third alarm signal to adjust the actual pressures on the first leg and the second leg; During the process of assembling the movable mold frame, the actual pressures exerted on the first leg and the second leg do not exceed the maximum pressure critical value.

8. An upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction, a bidirectional construction method using the upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: The main frame is composed of two sets of parallel longitudinal beams, connecting beams and cantilever beams. It is mainly used to hang the weight of the external formwork system equipment and materials. A cantilever beam is set in the middle of the main frame. The external ribs and external formwork can move horizontally on the cantilever beam. The cantilever beam corresponds to the main beam connecting beam; The legs consist of three legs, all located below the main frame, from front to back they are the first leg, the second leg, and the third leg; the first leg and the second leg are movable legs, the third leg is a fixed leg, the first leg is supported on the pier, the second leg and the third leg are supported on the erected beam surface; The hanging system includes hanging outer ribs, hanging walkways and electric hoists; the hanging outer ribs are installed on the cantilever beams of the main beams to support the outer formwork system. The hanging outer ribs can be split along the middle, and the outer formwork system can be opened and closed horizontally under the action of the transverse movement mechanism, and locked by the locking mechanism after closing; the hanging walkways and electric hoists move longitudinally along the track and are used as auxiliary cranes to lift beam surface steel bars and tools; The transverse movement mechanism includes an outer rib and a transverse movement locking device. The transverse movement mechanism is composed of a support seat, an oil cylinder and a connecting pin shaft. One end of the transverse movement mechanism is connected to the top of the outer rib and the other end is connected to the main beam or the cantilever beam. The oil cylinder of the transverse movement mechanism cyclically expands and contracts to realize the opening and closing of the outer rib along the cantilever beam. After the outer rib is transversely closed, a transverse movement locking device is installed on the cantilever beam outside the outer rib. The transverse movement locking device is used to fix the transverse position of the outer rib. The formwork system consists of an outer formwork system, a bottom formwork system and an end formwork system. The outer formwork system consists of a bottom formwork, a belly formwork, a wing formwork and an adjustable support system. The formwork is supported on the hanging outer ribs through the adjustable support system. A pedestrian passage is installed on the wing formwork for personnel operation and passage. The bottom formwork is split from the middle along the hanging outer ribs for horizontal opening and closing. Accessory structures, including ladders, operating platforms, and railings; The hydraulic system is used to realize the longitudinal rib transverse movement, outrigger lifting, transverse movement and longitudinal movement; the whole machine hydraulic system includes the first outrigger and the second outrigger hydraulic system, the front mold opening hydraulic system, the rear mold opening and the third outrigger hydraulic system. Each hydraulic system is composed of a hydraulic pump station, hydraulic pipelines and oil cylinders; The electrical system is used to precisely control the various movements of the mobile mold frame, monitor the position, speed, and load parameters of the mobile mold frame, automatically adjust the operation according to the preset program, and provide power to the mobile mold frame to drive the movement and operation of its various components; Anchor system, used to fix the formwork to the completed bridge structure to prevent the formwork from shifting or tilting during construction due to its own weight, pressure during concrete pouring, or other external forces; The counterweight is used to increase the overall stability of the formwork system, prevent the formwork from tilting or moving due to its own weight and concrete pressure when pouring concrete, keep the formwork balanced when moving, and ensure that the formwork does not tilt or overturn during the movement.

9. The upward self-propelled mobile formwork for bridge construction according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first leg is supported on the pier top at the front end of the main beam, and is the main load-bearing fulcrum of the entire mobile formwork. It is anchored to the pier during installation. The first leg needs to be anchored to the pier top during casting to prevent the leg from moving horizontally. The second leg is located at the tail of the main beam system and supported on the end of the cast bridge. The second leg has the same structural form as the first leg. When assembling the pier top, the second leg needs to add the same column structure as the first leg to stand and anchor on the pier top. The third leg is a driven wheel-rail type to realize the longitudinal movement of the main beam system and the external formwork system through the hole. The hydraulic system of the first and second legs is composed of a five-way electromagnetic reversing valve pump station, a leg lifting cylinder, a longitudinal movement cylinder, a rear leg transverse movement cylinder and pipelines, which are used to realize the lifting, transverse and longitudinal movement of the legs; the front end mold opening hydraulic system is composed of a four-way valve pump station, a mold opening cylinder and pipelines, which are used to realize the transverse movement of the longitudinal ribs; the rear end mold opening and third leg hydraulic system is composed of a four-way valve pump station, a third leg lifting cylinder, a mold opening cylinder and pipelines, which are used to realize the lifting of the third leg and the transverse movement of the rear end mold opening longitudinal ribs.

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