Energy coordination method of multi-energy system and CCUS system, medium and equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy coordination method of a multi-energy system and a CCUS system, a medium and equipment, and relates to the technical field of energy planning, and the method comprises the steps: building a multi-node energy hub of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system; modeling a multi-energy system and a CCUS system by using an energy hub; establishing a multi-energy system and CCUS system risk sharing model; establishing an energy coordination model of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system based on the multi-energy system, the CCUS system model and the risk sharing model; and solving the energy coordination model of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system by adopting an ADMM-based distributed method, and carrying out energy coordination optimization on the multi-energy system and the CCUS system. The cost can be reduced, the efficiency can be improved, and the realization of environment and energy policy goals can be promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy planning, and in particular to an energy coordination method, medium and equipment for a multi-energy system and a CCUS system. Background Art

[0002] The severe challenge of climate change has prompted the active exploration and implementation of innovative energy solutions. As one of the key ways to achieve this goal, the combination of multi-energy systems and CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage) technology is gradually gaining attention. CCUS refers to the process of separating carbon dioxide from industrial production, energy utilization or the atmosphere and using it or injecting it into the formation to achieve permanent emission reduction. This system aims to build a cleaner, more efficient and reliable energy supply network by integrating renewable energy such as wind, solar, and hydropower, as well as clean energy such as nuclear power. At the same time, the introduction of intelligent energy management systems has further optimized the distribution and consumption of energy, improved energy utilization efficiency, and provided new tools for demand-side management.

[0003] However, despite the huge potential of this technical solution, it still faces some urgent problems. First, the maturity of different renewable energy technologies varies, and some technologies have not yet reached the level of large-scale commercial application, which limits the comprehensive development of multi-energy systems. In addition, energy storage technology has not fully kept up with the rapid development of renewable energy, resulting in discontinuity in energy supply and affecting the stability and reliability of the system. The high cost of CCUS technology and potential environmental risks, such as carbon leakage and impact on groundwater, are also challenges that cannot be ignored in the current technological development. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of high cost and high risk of CCUS technology and propose an energy coordination method between a multi-energy system and a CCUS system, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Establish a multi-node energy hub for multi-energy systems and CCUS systems;

[0006] S2, modeling of multi-energy systems and CCUS systems using energy hubs;

[0007] S3. Establish a risk sharing model for multi-energy systems and CCUS systems;

[0008] S4. Establish an energy coordination model between the multi-energy system and CCUS system based on the multi-energy system and CCUS system model and risk sharing model;

[0009] S5. A distributed method based on ADMM is used to solve the energy coordination model of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system, and to optimize the energy coordination between the multi-energy system and the CCUS system.

[0010] The present invention further proposes a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the energy coordination method between the multi-energy system and the CCUS system is implemented.

[0011] The present invention also proposes an electronic device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the processor and the memory are interconnected, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program comprises computer-readable instructions, and the processor is configured to call the computer-readable instructions to execute the above-mentioned energy coordination method of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system.

[0012] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided by the present invention are:

[0013] The present invention proposes a risk sharing model for a multi-energy system and a CCUS system, which shares the carbon price fluctuation risk and the investment and construction risk of the CCUS system, so that the CCUS system and the multi-energy system can share the risk together, and uses a distributed method based on the ADMM algorithm to solve the optimization method of energy coordination, thereby reducing costs, improving efficiency, and promoting the realization of environmental and energy policy goals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a flow chart of an energy coordination method between a multi-energy system and a CCUS system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 is a coupling variable decomposition diagram between different operators in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 is a block diagram of an electronic device in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 It is the energy hub constructed by the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] The flowchart of the energy coordination method between the multi-energy system and the CCUS system according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 , specifically including the following steps:

[0020] S1. Establish a multi-node energy hub for multi-energy systems and CCUS systems.

[0021] Each node of the multi-node energy hub of the multi-energy system and CCUS system includes energy transmission equipment, energy conversion equipment, and energy storage equipment.

[0022] Energy transmission equipment includes: power transmission network, natural gas pipeline network, and carbon dioxide transportation pipeline.

[0023] Energy conversion equipment includes: wind turbines, coal-fired generators, cogeneration equipment, gas boilers, and power-to-gas equipment.

[0024] Energy storage equipment includes: carbon capture equipment, carbon dioxide storage tanks, and natural gas storage tanks.

[0025] Carbon capture equipment includes absorbers and distillation towers.

[0026] The multi-energy system includes: wind turbines, coal-fired generators, combined heat and power (CHP) equipment, gas boilers, power transmission networks, natural gas pipelines, etc. The CCUS system includes: carbon capture equipment, carbon dioxide storage tanks, power-to-gas (P2G) equipment, natural gas storage tanks, carbon dioxide transportation pipelines, etc.

[0027] S2. Use energy hubs to model multi-energy systems and CCUS systems.

[0028] The models include: carbon capture model, power-to-gas model, carbon dioxide and natural gas storage model, CCUS source-sink matching model, transmission network model, and natural gas network model.

[0029] Carbon capture models include: carbon emission model, carbon absorption and separation model, and carbon distillation and separation model.

[0030] Carbon dioxide emissions can be calculated through the energy efficiency of cogeneration, gas boilers and generators. The carbon emission model is expressed as:

[0031] P gen,n,t ·k gen +H fur,n,t ·k fur +P CHP,n,t ·k CHP =Q cap,n,t +Q emi,n,t

[0032] 0≤Q cap,n,t ≤IC cap,n

[0033] Among them, P gen,n,t , H fur,n,t , P CHP,n,tThey represent the power of the generator set, gas boiler and cogeneration equipment at the nth node of the energy hub at time t; k gen , k fur , k CHP are the carbon emission coefficients of the generator set, gas boiler and cogeneration equipment; Q cap,n,t , Q emi,n,t represent the amount of carbon dioxide captured and emitted at the nth node of the energy hub at time t; IC cap,n Represents the investment capacity of carbon capture equipment at the nth node of the energy hub.

[0034] The carbon absorption and separation model is expressed as:

[0035]

[0036] r 1 [Q cap,n,t-1 ] = η Ab Q cap,n,t-1 ·ρ MEA

[0037]

[0038] C MEA,min ≤C Ab,MEA,n (x,t)≤C MEA,max

[0039] (C Ab,MEA,n (L Ab ,t)·Q Ab,disch,n,t -C Ab,MEA,n (0,t)·Q Ab,ch,n,t-1 )·Δt=Q cap,n,t-1 ·Δt

[0040] The inlet and outlet flow rates of the absorber must meet the following constraints:

[0041] -ΔQ Ab,n,max ≤Q Ab,ch,n,t -Q Ab,disch,n,t ≤ΔQ Ab,n,max

[0042] Q Ab,ch,n,min ≤Q Ab,ch,n,t ≤Q Ab,ch,n,max

[0043] Q Ab,disch,n,min ≤Q Ab,disch,n,t ≤Q Ab,disch,n,max

[0044] At the same time, the absorption tower should meet the mass flow constraint:

[0045] W Ab,n,t =(1-μ Ab)W Ab,n,t-Δt +(Q Ab,ch,n,t -Q Ab,disch,n,t )·Δt

[0046] W Ab,n,min ≤W Ab,n,t ≤W Ab,n,max

[0047] Among them, C Ab,MEA,n (x, t) represents the concentration of MEA solution in any position of the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, v Ab,n,t represents the flow rate of MEA solution in the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, r 1 [Q cap,n,t-1 ] represents the carbon dioxide capture amount Q cap,n,t-1 The carbon dioxide absorption function, Q cap,n,t-1 represents the amount of carbon dioxide captured at the nth node of the energy hub at time t-1, η Ab represents the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient, ρ MEA represents the density of MEA solution, Q Ab,ch,n,t represents the inflow of MEA solution into the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, Q Ab,disch,n,t represents the outflow of MEA solution from the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, S Ab represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the absorber, C MEA,min Indicates the minimum concentration of MEA solution, C MEA,max Indicates the maximum concentration of MEA solution, C Ab,MEA,n (L Ab ,t) represents the MEA solution concentration at the bottom of the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, L Ab represents the height of the absorber, C Ab,MEA,n (0, t) represents the MEA solution concentration at the top of the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, Q Ab,ch,n,t-1 represents the inflow of the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t-1, Δt represents the unit time (1h), ΔQ Ab,n,max It represents the maximum value of the difference between the inflow and outflow of the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub, Q Ab,ch,n,min represents the minimum value of the absorber inflow at the nth node of the energy hub, Q Ab,ch,n,max represents the maximum value of the absorber inflow at the nth node of the energy hub, Q Ab,disch,n,min represents the minimum outflow of the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub, Q Ab , disch,n,max represents the maximum outflow of the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub, W Ab,n,t represents the volume of MEA solution in the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, μAb represents the loss coefficient of the MEA solution flow in the absorber, W Ab,n,t-Δt W represents the volume of MEA solution in the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t-Δt, Ab,n,min represents the minimum value of the volume of MEA solution in the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub, W Ab,n,max It represents the maximum value of the volume of MEA solution in the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub.

[0048] The carbon distillation separation model is expressed as:

[0049]

[0050] r 2 [C St,MEA,n (x,t)]=η St ·C St,MEA,n (x,t)·ρ MEA

[0051] C MEA,min ≤C St,MEA,n (x,t)≤C MEA,max

[0052] For the outlet of the purified carbon dioxide after distillation, the equilibrium constraints must be satisfied:

[0053] (C St,MEA,n (0,t-1)·Q St,ch,n,t-1 -C St,MEA,n (L St ,t)·Q St,disch,n,t )·(1-μ St )=Q cap,out,n,t

[0054] The inlet and outlet flow rates of the distillation column must meet the following constraints:

[0055] -ΔQ St,n,max ≤Q St,ch,n,t -Q St,disch,n,t ≤ΔQ St,n,max

[0056] Q St,ch,n,min ≤Q St,ch,n,t ≤Q St,ch,n,max

[0057] Q St,disch,n,min ≤Q St,disch,n,t ≤Q St,disch,n,max

[0058] Principle of conservation of mass:

[0059] Q St,ch,n,t =Q Ab,disch,n,t

[0060] Q St,disch,n,t =Q Ab,ch,n,t

[0061] Limitations of mass flow rate in distillation columns:

[0062] W St,n,t =(1-μ St )W St,n,t-Δt +(Q St,ch,n,t -Q St,disch,n,t )·Δt

[0063] W St,n,min ≤W St,n,t ≤W St,n,max

[0064] Among them, C St,MEA,n (x, t) represents the concentration of MEA solution at any position of the distillation tower at time t at the nth node, v St,n,t represents the flow rate of MEA solution in the distillation tower at the nth node at time t, r 2 [C St,MEA,n (x,t)] indicates that the concentration of MEA solution is C St,MEA,n The carbon dioxide extraction function at (x, t), η St represents the extraction coefficient of carbon dioxide, ρ MEA Indicates the density of MEA solution, C MEA,min Indicates the minimum concentration of MEA solution, C MEA,max Indicates the maximum value of MEA solution concentration, C St,MEA,n (0, t-1) represents the concentration of MEA solution at the bottom of the distillation tower at the nth node at time t-1, Q St,ch,n,t-1 represents the carbon dioxide inflow into the distillation tower at the nth node at time t-1, C St,MEA,n (L St ,t) represents the MEA solution concentration at the top of the distillation tower at the nth node at time t, L St represents the height of the distillation tower, Q St,disch,n,t represents the carbon dioxide outflow of the distillation tower at the nth node at time t, μ St represents the loss coefficient during the flow of the solution in the distillation MEA tower, Q cap,out,n,t represents the outflow of carbon dioxide from the top of the distillation tower after distillation at the nth node at time t, Q St,ch,n,t represents the carbon dioxide inflow into the distillation tower at the nth node at time t, ΔQ St,n,max represents the maximum difference between the inflow and outflow of carbon dioxide into the distillation tower at the nth node, Q St,ch,n,min represents the minimum value of the carbon dioxide inflow into the distillation tower at the nth node, Q St,ch,n,maxrepresents the maximum value of the carbon dioxide inflow into the distillation tower at the nth node, Q St,disch,n,min represents the minimum value of the carbon dioxide outflow from the distillation tower at the nth node, Q St,disch,n,max represents the maximum value of the carbon dioxide outflow from the distillation tower at the nth node, W St,n,t represents the volume of the solution in the distillation tower at the nth node at time t, W St,n,t-Δt represents the volume of the solution in the distillation tower at the nth node at time t-Δt, W St,n,min represents the minimum value of the volume of the solution in the distillation tower at the nth node, W St,n,max Represents the maximum volume of the solution in the distillation tower at the nth node.

[0065] The principle of power-to-gas conversion is: CO 2 +4H 2 →CH 4 +2H 2 O,CH 4 Volume and H 2 The volume ratio is 1:4, where hydrogen is produced by water electrolysis using electricity.

[0066] The power-to-gas model is expressed as:

[0067]

[0068] 0≤P P2G,n,t ≤IC P2G,n

[0069] P P2G,n,t -P P2G,n,t-1 |≤P P2G,n,ramp

[0070] in, represents the amount of hydrogen produced by the power-to-gas equipment at the nth node at time t, P P2G,n,t represents the power of the power-to-gas device at the nth node at time t, is the hydrogen conversion rate, represents the calorific value of hydrogen, represents the hydrogen conversion rate of the power-to-gas equipment at the nth node at time t, r 31 、r 32 、r 33 Represent three weight coefficients respectively, T 1 , T 2 Respectively represent the temperature of the first and second discontinuity points, T Z,n,t represents the electrolysis temperature of the power-to-gas device at the nth node at time t, T Z,min Indicates the minimum value of electrolysis temperature, T Z,max Indicates the maximum value of electrolysis temperature, C Z represents heat capacity, Shf,n,t represents the injected heat of the power-to-gas equipment of the nth node at time t, T out,n,t represents the external temperature of the power-to-gas device at the nth node at time t, R Z Represents the external thermal resistance, R air Indicates the convection thermal resistance, IC P2G,n represents the investment capacity of the power-to-gas equipment at the nth node, represents the amount of natural gas produced by the power-to-gas equipment of the nth node at time t, represents the natural gas conversion rate of the nth node, P P2G,n,t-1 represents the power of the power-to-gas device of the nth node at time t-1, P P2G,n,ramp Indicates the maximum ramp power of the power-to-gas device at the nth node.

[0071] The captured CO2 and produced CH4 will be stored in gas tanks. Their storage principles are similar. By considering factors such as gas flow, tank pressure and temperature, the carbon dioxide and natural gas storage models are expressed as follows:

[0072]

[0073] The constraints of the gas tank on the inlet and outlet flow, temperature and pressure inside the gas tank are expressed as:

[0074]

[0075] Mass flow constraints of the gas tank:

[0076]

[0077] 0≤W C,n,t ≤IC cs,n

[0078] 0≤W G,n,t ≤IC gs,n

[0079] in, They represent the charging and discharging amount of carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node at time t, respectively. C,tank,n Represents the pressure inside the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node, CS n,t represents the transport and storage capacity of the carbon dioxide transport pipeline at the nth node, U C,tank Indicates the capacity of the carbon dioxide storage tank, is the gas constant for carbon dioxide, represents the molar mass of carbon dioxide gas, T C,n,t represents the temperature inside the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node at time t, They represent the filling and discharging amount of natural gas in the natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time t, and p G,tank,n represents the internal pressure of the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, The gas constant of natural gas, U G,tank Indicates the capacity of the natural gas storage tank, Indicates the gas molar mass of natural gas, T G,n,t represents the temperature inside the natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time t, represents the maximum value of the carbon dioxide filling volume of the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node, p C,tank,n,min represents the minimum value of the pressure inside the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node, p C,tank,n,t represents the pressure inside the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node at time t, p C,tank,n,max represents the maximum pressure inside the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node, T C,n,min represents the minimum value of the temperature inside the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node, T C,n,max represents the maximum value of the temperature inside the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node, Indicates the maximum value of the natural gas filling volume of the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, represents the maximum amount of gas released from the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, p G,tank,n,min represents the minimum value of the pressure inside the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, p G,tank,n,t represents the pressure inside the natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time t, p G,tank,n,max represents the maximum pressure inside the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, T G,n,min represents the minimum value of the temperature inside the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, T G,n,max represents the maximum value of the temperature inside the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, W C,n,t , W G,n,t They represent the storage capacity of the carbon dioxide storage tank and natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time t, respectively. C,n,t-Δt , W G,n,t-Δt They represent the storage capacity of the carbon dioxide storage tank and natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time t-Δt, They represent the charging and discharging amount of carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node at time t-Δt, They represent the filling and discharging amount of natural gas in the natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time t-Δt, IC cs,n represents the investment capacity of the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node, IC gs,n Represents the investment capacity of the natural gas storage tank at the nth node.

[0080] The source-sink matching model of CCUS is expressed as:

[0081]

[0082] P CT,n,min ≤P CT,n,t ≤P CT,n,max

[0083] Among them, CT mn,t represents the transport volume of carbon dioxide transport pipeline mn at time t, (m,n)∈G means that pipeline mn belongs to the carbon dioxide transport pipeline node set, CT nk,t represents the transport volume of carbon dioxide transport pipeline nk at time t, (n,k)∈G means that pipeline nk belongs to the carbon dioxide transport pipeline node set, C CT,mn,t represents the coupling coefficient of the CO2 transport pipeline, P CT,m,t represents the pipeline pressure of the carbon dioxide transport pipeline mn, P CT,n,t represents the pipeline pressure of the carbon dioxide transport pipeline nk, Indicates the construction status of the carbon dioxide transportation pipeline, CT mn,max represents the maximum transport capacity of the carbon dioxide transport pipeline mn, P CT,n,min represents the minimum pipeline pressure of the carbon dioxide transport pipeline at the nth node, P CT,n,t represents the pipeline pressure of the carbon dioxide transport pipeline at the nth node at time t, P CT,n,max Indicates the maximum pipeline pressure of the carbon dioxide transport pipeline at the nth node.

[0084] The transmission network planning model uses DC power flow to establish a linear relationship between line power flow and bus phase angle. The transmission network model is expressed as:

[0085] P gen,n,t +P CHP,n,t -P d,n,t -Q cap,n,t e cap,n,t -P P2G,n,t =K 1 ~PL el,mn,t

[0086]

[0087] -π≤θ n,t ≤π

[0088] |PL el,mn,t |≤PL el,mn,max

[0089] |PL el,mn,t |≤PL el,mn,max ~x bl,nk

[0090] θref =0

[0091] 0≤P gen,n,t ≤IC gen,n

[0092] 0≤P CHP,n,t ≤P CHP,n,max

[0093] Among them, P gen,n,t represents the power of the generator set of the nth node at time t, P CHP,n,t represents the power of the cogeneration equipment of the nth node at time t, P d,n,t represents the user demand power of the nth node at time t, Q cap,n,t represents the carbon dioxide captured by the absorber, e cap,n,t represents the energy coefficient of the carbon capture equipment at the nth node at time t, P P2G,n,t represents the power of the power-to-gas equipment of the nth node at time t, K 1 represents the transmission network line transfer matrix, PL el,mn,t represents the active power transmitted by the transmission network line mn at time t, θ m,t represents the bus phase angle of the transmission network at the mth node at time t, θ n,t represents the bus phase angle of the transmission network at the nth node at time t, x mn represents the reactance of the transmission network line mn, M represents a constant, x bl,mn represents the investment status of the transmission network line mn, PL el,mn,max represents the maximum active power transmitted by line mn, x bl,nk represents the investment status of line nk, θ ref Indicates the reference phase angle, IC gen,n represents the investment capacity of the generator set at the nth node, P CHP,n,max Indicates the maximum power of the cogeneration equipment at the nth node.

[0094] The working principle of natural gas pipeline transportation is to drive the flow of gas in the pipeline through the pressure difference between two nodes. The pressure difference can be expressed as a nonlinear function of the node pressure and the natural gas pipeline flow rate.

[0095] The natural gas network model is expressed as:

[0096]

[0097] |GT nk,t |≤GT nk,max x nl,nk

[0098] |GT mn,t |≤GT mn,max

[0099] P n,min ≤P n,t ≤P n,max

[0100]

[0101] H fur,n,t +P CHP,n,t η CHPh / η CHPe =S hf,n,t +H d,n,t

[0102] 0≤H fur,n,t ≤H fur,n,max

[0103] Among them, GT mn,t represents the natural gas delivery volume of the natural gas pipeline network mn at time t, sgn(P m,t ,P n,t ) represents the sign function, when P m,t -P n,t When sgn(P m,t ,P n,t ) takes 1, and takes negative 1 if it is less than zero. m,t represents the air pressure at the mth node at time t, P n,t represents the air pressure at the nth node at time t, C mn,t represents the pipeline coupling coefficient of the natural gas pipeline network mn at time t, V gass,n,t represents the natural gas supply at the nth node at time t, H fur,n,t represents the thermal power of the gas boiler at the nth node at time t, η fur Indicates the energy efficiency of gas boilers, Indicates the calorific value of natural gas, η CHPe represents the electrical efficiency of the cogeneration equipment, K 2 represents the natural gas pipeline transmission matrix, GT nk,t represents the natural gas delivery volume of the natural gas pipeline network nk at time t, GT nk,max represents the maximum natural gas delivery volume of the natural gas pipeline network nk, x nl,nk Indicates the construction status of the natural gas pipeline network nk, P n,min represents the minimum air pressure at the nth node, P n,max represents the maximum air pressure at the nth node, η CHPh represents the thermal efficiency of the cogeneration equipment, S hf,n,t represents the injected heat energy, H d,n,t represents the heat demand of the user at the nth node at time t, H fur,n,max Represents the maximum thermal power of the gas boiler at the nth node.

[0104] S3. Establish a risk sharing model for multi-energy systems and CCUS systems.

[0105] S31. CCUS system risks include carbon price fluctuation risk and investment and construction risk. The conditional value at risk model of carbon price fluctuation is as follows:

[0106] Assuming that carbon price fluctuations follow a normal distribution, the probability density is as follows:

[0107]

[0108] For a given portfolio x, the loss does not exceed the threshold VaR CC The cumulative probability of is expressed as:

[0109]

[0110] At a given carbon price volatility confidence level c CC The VaR associated with the decision variable x is CC (x) is given by:

[0111]

[0112] VaR CC (may not be unique) such that Ψ CC (x,VaR CC )=c CC To further optimize the loss function, the conditional risk value of carbon price fluctuations CVaR is obtained by considering the average loss value when the loss exceeds VaRCC CC as follows:

[0113]

[0114] Among them, p(C CO2 ) means C CO2 The probability density, C CO2 represents the actual carbon price, σ CC represents the carbon price volatility variance, represents the expected carbon price, Ψ CC (x,VaR CC ) indicates that the loss under decision x does not exceed the threshold VaR CC The probability accumulation function, x represents the decision variable, f(x,C CO2 ) represents the decision x and C CO2 The risk value function under VaR CC (x) represents the loss function associated with x, CVaR CC Represents the conditional value at risk of carbon price fluctuations, VaR CC represents the loss threshold, c CCrepresents the confidence level of carbon price fluctuation, represents f(x,C CO2 ) is greater than the expectation of VaRcc, represents f(x,C CO2 ) is greater than the portion of VaRcc;

[0115] The conditional risk value model for investment construction is as follows:

[0116]

[0117] Among them, p(IC P ) indicates IC P The probability density of CIC,P represents the variance of the construction cost of project P, IC P Indicates the actual investment amount of project P, EIC P represents the expected investment amount of project P, Ψ CIC,P (x,VaR CIC,P ) indicates that the loss under decision x does not exceed the threshold VaR CIC,P The probability cumulative function, VaR CIC,P represents the risk threshold of project P, g(x,IC P ) represents x and IC P The value at risk, VaR CIC,P (x) represents the risk function of the project P related to x, CVaR CIC,P represents the conditional risk value of project P, c CIC,P represents the confidence level of the investment risk of project P, Ε[g(x,IC P )-VaR CIC,P ] + represents g(x,IC P ) is greater than VaR CIC,P The expectation of [g(x,IC P )-VaR CIC,P ] + represents g(x,IC P ) is greater than VaR CIC,P Total CVaR CIC It represents the conditional risk value of all projects.

[0118] S32. The utility function of the risk-sharing agreement based on carbon price fluctuation risk is as follows:

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] The two parties reach a risk-sharing agreement based on the risk of carbon price fluctuations when the following conditions are met:

[0122]

[0123] The utility function of the risk-sharing agreement based on CCUS investment and construction risk is as follows:

[0124]

[0125] When the construction cost of project P is IC, the utility of the risk sharing agreement for the CCUS system is expressed as:

[0126]

[0127] When the construction cost of project P is IC, the utility of the risk sharing agreement for the multi-energy system is expressed as:

[0128]

[0129] The two parties reach a risk-sharing agreement based on CCUS investment and construction risks when the following conditions are met:

[0130] U CCUS (CIC)≥EU CCUS (CIC)

[0131] U E (CIC)≥EU E (CIC)

[0132] in, represents the utility function of the risk-sharing agreement of the CCUS system based on the risk of carbon price fluctuations, w C Represents the same as p(C CO2 ) related weight factor, v CCUS,C represents the utility of the risk-sharing agreement for the CCUS system when the carbon price is C, represents the utility function of the risk-sharing agreement of the multi-energy system based on the risk of carbon price fluctuations, v E,C represents the utility of the risk-sharing agreement for the multi-energy system when the carbon price is C, λ CCUS represents the risk preference of CCUS system, represents the minimum value of the actual carbon price, β CC represents the risk-sharing ratio of the multi-energy system in the carbon price fluctuation risk-sharing contract, represents the parameter used to quantify the uncertainty of the risk of carbon price volatility, represents the maximum value of the actual carbon price, λ E represents the risk preference of multi-energy system, represents the expected utility of the risk-sharing agreement of the CCUS system based on the risk of carbon price fluctuations, represents the expected utility of the risk-sharing agreement of the multi-energy system based on the risk of carbon price fluctuations, U CCUS (CIC) represents the utility function of the risk sharing agreement of CCUS system based on investment and construction risk, w P,IC represents the weight factor of the project P sharing agreement, v CCUS,P,IC represents the effectiveness of the risk sharing agreement for the CCUS system when the construction cost of project P is IC, U E (CIC) represents the utility function of the risk sharing agreement of the multi-energy system based on the investment and construction risk, v E,P,IC It represents the effectiveness of the risk sharing agreement for the multi-energy system when the construction cost of project P is IC, IC P,max Indicates the maximum value of the construction cost of project P, IC P,min represents the minimum value of the construction cost of project P, β P,IC represents the proportion of the multi-energy system in the risk-sharing contract for the construction of project P, represents the parameter used to quantify the uncertainty of the construction risk of project P, EU CCUS (CIC) represents the expected utility of the risk-sharing agreement for CCUS system based on the investment and construction risk, EU E (CIC) represents the expected utility of the risk-sharing agreement of a multi-energy system based on investment and construction risks.

[0133] S4. Establish an energy coordination model of the multi-energy system and CCUS system based on the multi-energy system and CCUS system model and risk sharing model.

[0134] S41. Calculate the costs of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system. The cost of the multi-energy system includes the investment cost of the multi-energy system and the operating cost of the multi-energy system. The cost of the CCUS system includes the investment cost of the CCUS system and the operating cost of the CCUS system.

[0135] The investment cost of a multi-energy system is expressed as:

[0136]

[0137] Among them, TIC E represents the investment cost of multi-energy system, up bl,mn 、up nl,mn 、up gen,n Respectively represent the investment costs of the power transmission network, natural gas pipeline network, and generator set at the nth node, x bl,mn represents the investment status of the transmission network line mn, x nl,mn Indicates the investment status of natural gas pipeline network mn, IC gen,n Indicates the capacity of the investment generator.

[0138] The operating cost of the multi-energy system is expressed as:

[0139]

[0140] Among them, TOC E,t represents the operating cost of the multi-energy system at time t, f g (P gen,n,t ) represents the convex quadratic function of power generation cost, P gen,n,t represents the power of the generator set at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, gp gas,n represents the unit price of natural gas, V gass,n,t represents the natural gas production at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, tax n represents carbon tax, Q emi,n,t Represents the amount of carbon dioxide emitted at the nth node of the energy hub at time t.

[0141] The investment cost of the CCUS system is expressed as:

[0142]

[0143] Among them, TIC CCUS represents the investment cost of CCUS system, UI cap,n 、UI cs,n 、UI P2G,n 、UI gs,n , represent the investment costs of carbon capture equipment, carbon dioxide storage tanks, P2G equipment, natural gas storage tanks and CO2 transportation pipelines at the nth node, IC cap,n 、IC cs,n 、IC P2G,n 、IC gs,n They represent the investment capacity of carbon capture equipment, carbon storage tanks, P2G equipment, and natural gas storage tanks at the nth node, respectively. Indicates the construction status of the carbon dioxide transportation pipeline.

[0144] The operating cost of the CCUS system is expressed as:

[0145]

[0146] Among them, TOC CCUS,t TOC CCUS,t represents the operating cost of the CCUS system at time t, UO cs,n , UO gs,n They represent the unit operating prices of the carbon dioxide storage tank and the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, Indicates the unit operating price of carbon dioxide, inc n represents the carbon price, W C,n,t , W G,n,tThey respectively represent the storage capacity of the carbon dioxide storage tank and the natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time t.

[0147] S42. Calculate the total energy coordination cost of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system based on the costs of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system.

[0148] The total cost of energy coordination between the multi-energy system and the CCUS system is expressed as:

[0149]

[0150] Where TC represents the total energy coordination cost of the multi-energy system and CCUS system, τ represents the discount factor of the operating cost, and ρ s Indicates the probability of the sth scenario occurring, TOC E,t,s It represents the operating cost of the multi-energy system under the sth scenario at time t, TOC CCUS,t,s represents the CCUS system operating cost under the sth scenario at time t, N s represents the number of all scenes, and T represents the total time.

[0151] S43, based on the constructed multi-energy system model, CCUS system model, and risk sharing model of multi-energy system and CCUS system, the total energy coordination cost of multi-energy system and CCUS system, the risk value of carbon price fluctuation condition, and the minimum sum of the risk value of investment and construction condition min{TC+CVaR CC +Total CVaR CIC}Construct the objective function of the energy coordination model.

[0152] S5. A distributed method based on ADMM is used to solve the energy coordination model of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system, and to optimize the energy coordination between the multi-energy system and the CCUS system.

[0153] The Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is a computational framework for solving optimization problems. It decomposes a large global problem into multiple smaller and easier to solve local sub-problems through a decomposition and coordination process, and obtains the solution to the large global problem by coordinating the solutions of the sub-problems.

[0154] S51. According to the energy coupling relationship between the multi-energy system and CCUS, the following coupling variable P is defined: ih,n,t , P gj,n,t , G ih,n,t , G gj,n,t , C ih,n,t , C gj,n,t , :

[0155] Pih,n,t =P gj,n,t =Q cap,n,t e cap,n,t +P P2G,n,t

[0156]

[0157] C ih,n,t =C gj,n,t =Q cap,n,t

[0158] Among them, Q cap,n,t represents the carbon dioxide captured at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, e cap,n,t represents the energy coefficient of the carbon capture equipment at the nth node at time t, P P2G,n,t represents the power of the power-to-gas device at the nth node at time t, represents the amount of natural gas produced by the power-to-gas equipment of the nth node at time t, represents the gas release volume of the natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time t-Δt, P ih,n,t , P gj,n,t , G ih,n,t , G gj,n,t , C ih,n,t , C gj,n,t They represent the defined coupling variables respectively.

[0159] S52. Introduce a set of global consistency variables P e,n,t , G p,n,t , C c,n,t Make the coupling variables passed between the two operators identical to each other, Figure 2 Describes the decomposition of coupling variables between operator i and operator j at node n of the energy hub. The global consistency variables satisfy the following consistency constraints:

[0160] P ih,n,t =P e,n,t ,P gj,n,t =P e,n,t

[0161] G ih,n,t =G p,n,t ,G gj,n,t =G p,n,t

[0162] C ih,n,t =C c,n,t ,C gj,n,t =C c,n,t

[0163] Among them, P e,n,t , G p,n,t , C c,n,tThey represent the defined global consistency variables respectively.

[0164] S53. The objective function of the energy coordination model is coupled with the global consistency variable. The augmented Lagrangian function of the energy coordination sub-problem of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system in the energy hub is expressed as:

[0165]

[0166] Among them, L E (x E ,P ih,n,t ,P e,n,t, G ih,n,t ,G p,n,t ,C ih,n,t ,C c,n,t ,y PE,n,t ,y GE,n,t ,y CE,n,t ) represents the augmented Lagrangian function of the multi-energy system, χ E represents the set of decision variables in the multi-energy system, d PE,n ,d GE,n ,d CE,n denote the constant step size of the consistency constraints of the transmission lines, weather pipelines, and CO2 pipelines of the multi-energy system, respectively, and d PC,n ,d GC,n ,d CC,n denote the constant step size of the consistency constraints of the transmission line, weather pipeline and CO2 pipeline of the CCUS system, respectively, and L CCUS (x CCUS ,P ih,n,t ,P e,n,t ,G ih,n,t ,G p,n,t ,C ih,n,t ,C c,n,t ,y PC,n,t ,y GC,n,t ,y CC,n,t ) represents the augmented Lagrangian function of CCUS system, χ CCUS represents the set of decision variables in CCUS, y PE,n,t ,y GE,n,t ,y CE,n,t Denote the Lagrange multipliers of the consistency constraints of the power transmission lines, natural gas pipelines, and carbon dioxide pipelines of the multi-energy system, y PC,n,t ,y GC,n,t ,y CC,n,t They represent the Lagrange multipliers of the consistency constraints of the transmission lines, natural gas pipelines, and CO2 pipelines of the CCUS system, respectively.

[0167] The consistency variables are updated as follows:

[0168]

[0169] in, represents P after the it+1th iteration e,n,t value, represents P after the it+1th iteration ih,n,t value, represents y after the itth iteration PE,n,t value, represents P after the it+1th iteration gj,n,t value, represents y after the itth iteration PC,n,t value, represents G after the it+1th iteration p,n,t value, represents G after the it+1th iteration ih,n,t value, represents y after the itth iteration GE,n,t value, represents G after the it+1th iteration gj,n,t value, represents y after the itth iteration GC,n,t value, represents C after the it+1th iteration c,n,t value, represents C after the it+1th iteration ih,n,t value, represents y after the itth iteration CE,n,t value, represents C after the it+1th iteration gj,n,t value, represents y after the itth iteration CC,n,t value.

[0170] The Lagrange multipliers are updated as follows:

[0171]

[0172] in, represents y after the it+1th iteration PE,n,t value, represents y after the it+1th iteration GE,n,t value, represents y after the it+1th iteration CE,n,t value, represents y after the it+1th iteration PC,n,t value, represents y after the it+1th iteration GC,n,t value, represents y after the it+1th iteration CC,n,t value.

[0173] The ADMM iterative optimization method of the coupling variables is:

[0174]

[0175] in, represents P after the it+1th iteration ih,n,t value, represents G after the it+1th iteration ih,n,t value, represents C after the it+1th iteration ih,n,t value, represents P after the it+1th iteration gj,n,t value, represents G after the it+1th iteration gj,n,t value, represents C after the it+1th iteration gj,n,t value.

[0176] S54. If the following conditions are met, the iteration stops and the result is output; otherwise, steps S53-S54 are repeated until convergence.

[0177]

[0178] Among them, |||| 2 represents the 2-norm, δ 1 ,δ 2 They represent the allowable errors, which are very small numbers, approximately 0 but greater than 0.

[0179] The fully distributed consistency ADMM algorithm process is as follows:

[0180] 1. Input the multi-energy system and CCUS network topology, energy generation, multi-energy conversion and storage equipment and load information.

[0181] 2. Set the iteration index it = 0, the original dual residuals δ1, δ2.

[0182] 3. Initialize coupling variables, consistency variables, Lagrange products and step size parameters.

[0183] 4. Form the energy coordination sub-problem of multi-energy systems and CCUS in energy hubs, including the objective function and local constraints of all models constructed.

[0184] 5. After receiving the latest consistency variables and Lagrange multipliers, each operator solves its own MISOCP subproblem in parallel and obtains χE and χCCUS , update the coupling variables.

[0185] 6. After receiving the latest coupling variables from different operators, each operator updates the consistency variables.

[0186] 7. Calculate and check whether the original dual residual is within the pre-defined margin:

[0187]

[0188] Once satisfied, the iteration stops and the result is output. Otherwise, each operator updates the Lagrange multiplier.

[0189] 8. Set it = it + 1, and each operator repeats steps 5-7 until convergence.

[0190] When the multi-energy system reaches a risk-sharing agreement with CCUS, when risks occur, the multi-energy system and CCUS will share the risks, and the multi-energy system will compensate CCUS for the carbon price fluctuation risks and CCUS investment and construction risks.

[0191] Carbon price fluctuation risk compensation:

[0192] p RSC,CC =β CC QUR CC

[0193] CCUS investment and construction risk compensation:

[0194]

[0195] Among them, p RSC,CC represents the risk compensation for carbon price fluctuations, β CC Represents the risk-sharing ratio of the multi-energy system in the carbon price fluctuation risk-sharing contract, CVaR CC represents the conditional risk value of carbon price fluctuation, p RSC,CIC represents the risk compensation for CCUS investment and construction, β P,IC It represents the proportion of multi-energy system in the risk sharing contract of project P, CVaR CIC,P It represents the conditional risk value of project P.

[0196] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is included, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the energy coordination method between the multi-energy system and the CCUS system is implemented.

[0197] See also Figure 3 In an exemplary embodiment, an electronic device is also included, including at least one processor, at least one memory, and at least one communication bus.

[0198] Among them, a computer program is stored in the memory, and the computer program includes computer-readable instructions. The processor calls the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory through the communication bus to execute the above-mentioned energy coordination method between the multi-energy system and the CCUS system.

[0199] In the present invention, the Figure 4 At the energy hub shown, two schemes are adopted to compare the effectiveness and superiority of CCUS and multi-energy system coordinated planning.

[0200] Option 1: Multi-energy system planning without CCUS.

[0201] Solution 2: Coordinated planning of multi-energy system and CCUS proposed in this invention.

[0202] Table 1 shows the comparison results of the planned capacity, investment cost, operating cost and carbon emissions of the two schemes.

[0203] Table 1

[0204]

[0205]

[0206] Comparison between Option 2 and Option 1: Due to the lack of CCUS to capture CO2 and the use of CO2 to generate CH4, Option 1 emits the largest amount of CO2 into the atmosphere, resulting in high CO2 emission taxes and natural gas purchase costs. Although Option 2 plans CCUS, it requires a certain cost. However, the benefits of using electricity to convert the emitted CO2 into methane for storage for later use are considerable, far exceeding the investment cost of CCUS. Therefore, it can be concluded that the planning of CCUS brings about the overall freedom of energy-carbon supply, thereby improving the overall availability of system planning and greatly improving economic efficiency.

[0207] The risk sharing results of Scheme 2 are shown in Table 2. CIC Represents the conditional risk value of all project investments, CVaR CC Represents the conditional value at risk of carbon price fluctuations.

[0208] Table 2

[0209] Shared Project Risk Cost Comprehensive energy cost sharing CCUS <![CDATA[CVaR CC ]]> <![CDATA[8.246×10 6 ]]> <![CDATA[4.1238×10 6 ]]> <![CDATA[4.1221×10 6 ]]> <![CDATA[TotalCVaR CIC ]]> <![CDATA[1.453×10 7 ]]> <![CDATA[0.7265×10 7 ]]> <![CDATA[0.7265×10 7 ]]>

[0210] It can be concluded that risk sharing plays a vital role in the planning of energy hubs that combine multi-energy systems with CCUS technology. It provides a solid foundation for achieving energy transformation and emission reduction goals by reducing the financial pressure of a single entity, promoting technological innovation and application, enhancing project feasibility, optimizing resource allocation, improving system robustness, promoting cooperation, achieving cost-effectiveness, and supporting policy goals. In actual operation, risk sharing allows each participant to allocate resources according to their respective risk tolerance and investment return expectations, jointly respond to market fluctuations and external shocks, and ensure the stability and economy of the entire energy system. By establishing a risk-sharing agreement, multi-energy systems and CCUS can share responsibilities when risks occur, thereby reducing costs, improving efficiency, and promoting the realization of environmental and energy policy goals.

[0211] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An energy coordination method for a multi-energy system and a CCUS system, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Establish a multi-node energy hub for multi-energy systems and CCUS systems; S2, modeling of multi-energy systems and CCUS systems using energy hubs; S3. Establish a risk sharing model between multi-energy system and CCUS system; S4. Establish an energy coordination model between the multi-energy system and CCUS system based on the multi-energy system and CCUS system model and risk sharing model; S5. A distributed method based on ADMM is used to solve the energy coordination model of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system, and to optimize the energy coordination between the multi-energy system and the CCUS system.

2. The energy coordination method of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-node energy hub of the multi-energy system and CCUS system includes energy transmission equipment, energy conversion equipment, and energy storage equipment; Energy transmission equipment includes: power transmission network, natural gas pipeline network, carbon dioxide transportation pipeline; Energy conversion equipment includes: wind turbines, coal-fired generators, cogeneration equipment, gas boilers, and power-to-gas equipment; Energy storage equipment includes: carbon capture equipment, carbon dioxide storage tanks, natural gas storage tanks; Carbon capture equipment includes absorbers and distillation towers.

3. The energy coordination method of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Use energy hubs to model multi-energy systems and CCUS systems, including carbon capture model, power-to-gas model, carbon dioxide and natural gas storage model, CCUS source-sink matching model, transmission network model, and natural gas network model; Carbon capture models include: carbon emission model, carbon absorption and separation model, and carbon distillation and separation model; The carbon emission model is expressed as: P gen,n,t ·k gen +H fur,n,t ·k fur +P CHP,n,t ·k CHP =Q cap,n,t +Q emi,n,t 0≤Q cap,n,t ≤IC cap,n Among them, P gen,n,t , H fur,n,t , P CHP,n,t They represent the power of the generator set, gas boiler and cogeneration equipment at the nth node of the energy hub at time t; k gen , k fur , k CHP are the carbon emission coefficients of the generator set, gas boiler and cogeneration equipment; Q cap,n,t , Q emi,n,t represent the amount of carbon dioxide captured and emitted at the nth node of the energy hub at time t; IC cap,n represents the investment capacity of carbon capture equipment at the nth node of the energy hub; The carbon absorption and separation model is expressed as: r1[Q cap,n,t-1 ]=η Ab ·Q cap,n,t-1 ·ρ MEA C MEA,min ≤C Ab,MEA,n (x,t)≤C MEA,max (C Ab,MEA,n (L Ab ,t)·Q Ab,disch,n,t -C Ab,MEA,n (0,t)·Q Ab,ch,n,t-1 )·Δt=Q cap,n,t-1 ·Δt -ΔQ Ab,n,max ≤Q Ab,ch,n,t -Q Ab,disch,n,t ≤ΔQ Ab,n,max Q Ab,ch,n,min ≤Q Ab,ch,n,t ≤Q Ab,ch,n,max Q Ab,disch,n,min ≤Q Ab,disch,n,t ≤Q Ab,disch,n,max W Ab,n,t =(1-μ Ab )W Ab,n,t-Δt +(Q Ab,ch,n,t -Q Ab,disch,n,t )·Δt IN Ab,n,min ≤In Ab,n,t ≤In Ab,n,max Among them, C Ab,MEA,n (x, t) represents the concentration of MEA solution in any position of the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, v Ab,n,t represents the flow rate of MEA solution in the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, r1[Q cap,n,t-1 ] represents the carbon dioxide capture amount Q cap,n,t-1 The carbon dioxide absorption function, Q cap,n,t-1 represents the amount of carbon dioxide captured at the nth node of the energy hub at time t-1, η Ab represents the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient, ρ MEA represents the density of MEA solution, Q Ab,ch,n,t represents the inflow of MEA solution into the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, Q Ab,disch,n,t represents the outflow of MEA solution from the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, S Ab represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the absorber, C MEA,min Indicates the minimum concentration of MEA solution, C MEA,max Indicates the maximum concentration of MEA solution, C Ab,MEA,n (L Ab ,t) represents the MEA solution concentration at the bottom of the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, L Ab represents the height of the absorber, C Ab,MEA,n (0, t) represents the MEA solution concentration at the top of the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, Q Ab,ch,n,t-1 represents the inflow of the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t-1, Δt represents the unit time, which is 1h, and ΔQ Ab,n,max It represents the maximum value of the difference between the inflow and outflow of the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub, Q Ab,ch,n,min represents the minimum value of the absorber inflow at the nth node of the energy hub, Q Ab,ch,n,max represents the maximum value of the absorber inflow at the nth node of the energy hub, Q Ab,disch,n,min represents the minimum outflow of the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub, Q Ab,disch,n,max represents the maximum outflow of the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub, W Ab,n,t represents the volume of MEA solution in the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, μ Ab represents the loss coefficient of the MEA solution flow in the absorber, W Ab,n,t-Δt W represents the volume of MEA solution in the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub at time t-Δt, Ab,n,min represents the minimum value of the volume of MEA solution in the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub, W Ab,n,max It represents the maximum value of the volume of MEA solution in the absorber at the nth node of the energy hub; The carbon distillation separation model is expressed as: r2[C St,MEA,n (x,t)]=η St ·C St,MEA,n (x,t)·ρ MEA C MEA,min ≤C St,MEA,n (x,t)≤C MEA,max (C St,MEA,n (0,t-1)·Q St,ch,n,t-1 -C St,MEA,n (L St ,t)·Q St,disch,n,t )·(1-μ St )=Q cap,out,n,t -ΔQ St,n,max ≤Q St,ch,n,t -Q St,disch,n,t ≤ΔQ St,n,max Q St,ch,n,min ≤Q St,ch,n,t ≤Q St,ch,n,max Q St,disch,n,min ≤Q St,disch,n,t ≤Q St,disch,n,max Q St,ch,n,t =Q Ab,disch,n,t Q St,disch,n,t =Q Ab,ch,n,t W St,n,t =(1-μ St )W St,n,t-Δt +(Q St,ch,n,t -Q St,disch,n,t )·Δt IN St,n,min ≤In St,n,t ≤In St,n,max Among them, C St,MEA,n (x, t) represents the concentration of MEA solution at any position of the distillation tower at time t at the nth node, v St,n,t represents the flow rate of MEA solution in the distillation tower at the nth node at time t, r2[C St,MEA,n (x,t)] indicates that the concentration of MEA solution is C St,MEA,n The carbon dioxide extraction function at (x, t), η St represents the extraction coefficient of carbon dioxide, ρ MEA Indicates the density of MEA solution, C MEA,min Indicates the minimum concentration of MEA solution, C MEA,max Indicates the maximum value of MEA solution concentration, C St,MEA,n (0, t-1) represents the concentration of MEA solution at the bottom of the distillation tower at the nth node at time t-1, Q St,ch,n,t-1 represents the carbon dioxide inflow into the distillation tower at the nth node at time t-1, C St,MEA,n (L St ,t) represents the MEA solution concentration at the top of the distillation tower at the nth node at time t, L St represents the height of the distillation tower, Q St,disch,n,t represents the carbon dioxide outflow of the distillation tower at the nth node at time t, μ St represents the loss coefficient during the flow of the solution in the distillation MEA tower, Q cap,out,n,t represents the outflow of carbon dioxide from the top of the distillation tower after distillation at the nth node at time t, Q St,ch,n,t represents the carbon dioxide inflow into the distillation tower at the nth node at time t, ΔQ St,n,max represents the maximum difference between the inflow and outflow of carbon dioxide into the distillation tower at the nth node, Q St,ch,n,min represents the minimum value of the carbon dioxide inflow into the distillation tower at the nth node, Q St,ch,n,max represents the maximum value of the carbon dioxide inflow into the distillation tower at the nth node, Q St,disch,n,min represents the minimum value of the carbon dioxide outflow from the distillation tower at the nth node, Q St,disch,n,max represents the maximum value of the carbon dioxide outflow from the distillation tower at the nth node, W St,n,t represents the volume of the solution in the distillation tower at the nth node at time t, W St,n,t-Δt represents the volume of the solution in the distillation tower at the nth node at time t-Δt, W St,n,min represents the minimum value of the volume of the solution in the distillation tower at the nth node, W St,n,max It represents the maximum volume of the solution in the distillation tower at the nth node; The power-to-gas model is expressed as: 0≤P P2G,n,t ≤IC P2G,n |P P2G,n,t -P P2G,n,t-1 |≤P P2G,n,ramp in, represents the amount of hydrogen produced by the power-to-gas equipment at the nth node at time t, P P2G,n,t represents the power of the power-to-gas device at the nth node at time t, is the hydrogen conversion rate, represents the calorific value of hydrogen, represents the hydrogen conversion rate of the power-to-gas equipment at the nth node at time t, r 31 、r 32 、r 33 Represent three weight coefficients respectively, T1 and T2 represent the temperature of the first and second discontinuity points respectively, T Z,n,t represents the electrolysis temperature of the power-to-gas device at the nth node at time t, T Z,min Indicates the minimum value of electrolysis temperature, T Z,max Indicates the maximum value of electrolysis temperature, C Z represents heat capacity, S hf,n,t represents the injected heat of the power-to-gas equipment of the nth node at time t, T out,n,t represents the external temperature of the power-to-gas device at the nth node at time t, R Z Represents the external thermal resistance, R air Indicates the convection thermal resistance, IC P2G,n represents the investment capacity of the power-to-gas equipment at the nth node, represents the amount of natural gas produced by the power-to-gas equipment of the nth node at time t, represents the natural gas conversion rate of the nth node, P P2G,n,t-1 represents the power of the power-to-gas device of the nth node at time t-1, P P2G,n,ramp Indicates the maximum ramp power of the power-to-gas device at the nth node; The CO2 and natural gas storage models are expressed as: 0≤W C,n,t ≤IC cs,n 0≤W G,n,t ≤IC gs,n in, They represent the charging and discharging amount of carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node at time t, respectively. C,tank,n Represents the pressure inside the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node, CS n,t represents the transport and storage capacity of the carbon dioxide transport pipeline at the nth node, U C,tank Indicates the capacity of the carbon dioxide storage tank, is the gas constant for carbon dioxide, represents the molar mass of carbon dioxide gas, T C,n,t represents the temperature inside the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node at time t, They represent the filling and discharging amount of natural gas in the natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time t, and p G,tank,n represents the internal pressure of the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, The gas constant of natural gas, U G,tank Indicates the capacity of the natural gas storage tank, Indicates the gas molar mass of natural gas, T G,n,t represents the temperature inside the natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time t, represents the maximum value of the carbon dioxide filling volume of the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node, p C,tank,n,min represents the minimum value of the pressure inside the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node, p C,tank,n,t represents the pressure inside the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node at time t, p C,tank,n,max represents the maximum pressure inside the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node, T C,n,min represents the minimum value of the temperature inside the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node, T C,n,max represents the maximum value of the temperature inside the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node, Indicates the maximum value of the natural gas filling volume of the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, represents the maximum amount of gas released from the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, p G,tank,n,min represents the minimum value of the pressure inside the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, p G,tank,n,t represents the pressure inside the natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time t, p G,tank,n,max represents the maximum pressure inside the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, T G,n,min represents the minimum value of the temperature inside the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, T G,n,max represents the maximum value of the temperature inside the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, W C,n,t , W G,n,t They represent the storage capacity of the carbon dioxide storage tank and natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time t, respectively. C,n,t-Δt , W G,n,t-Δt They represent the storage capacity of the carbon dioxide storage tank and natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time t-Δt, They represent the charging and discharging amount of carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node at time t-Δt, Respectively represent t - The amount of natural gas charged and discharged from the natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time Δt, IC cs,n represents the investment capacity of the carbon dioxide storage tank at the nth node, IC gs,n represents the investment capacity of the natural gas storage tank at the nth node; The source-sink matching model of CCUS is expressed as: P CT,n,min ≤P CT,n,t ≤P CT,n,max Among them, CT mn,t represents the transport volume of carbon dioxide transport pipeline mn at time t, (m,n)∈G means that pipeline mn belongs to the carbon dioxide transport pipeline node set, CT nk,t represents the transport volume of carbon dioxide transport pipeline nk at time t, (n,k)∈G means that pipeline nk belongs to the carbon dioxide transport pipeline node set, C CT,mn,t represents the coupling coefficient of the CO2 transport pipeline, P CT,m,t represents the pipeline pressure of the carbon dioxide transport pipeline mn, P CT,n,t represents the pipeline pressure of the carbon dioxide transport pipeline nk, Indicates the construction status of the carbon dioxide transportation pipeline, CT mn,max represents the maximum transport capacity of the carbon dioxide transport pipeline mn, P CT,n,min represents the minimum pipeline pressure of the carbon dioxide transport pipeline at the nth node, P CT,n,t represents the pipeline pressure of the carbon dioxide transport pipeline at the nth node at time t, P CT,n,max Indicates the maximum pipeline pressure of the carbon dioxide transport pipeline at the nth node; The transmission network model is expressed as: P gen,n,t +P CHP,n,t -P d,n,t -Q cap,n,t e cap,n,t -P P2G,n,t =K1·PL el,mn,t -π≤θ n,t ≤π |PL el,mn,t |≤PL el,mn,max |PL el,mn,t |≤PL el,mn,max ·x bl,nk i ref =0 0≤P gen,n,t ≤IC gen,n 0≤P CHP,n,t ≤P CHP,n,max Where Pgen,n,t represents the power of the generator set at the nth node at time t, PCHP,n,t represents the power of the cogeneration equipment at the nth node at time t, and P d,n,t represents the user demand power of the nth node at time t, Q cap,n,t represents the carbon dioxide captured by the absorber, e cap,n,t represents the energy coefficient of the carbon capture equipment at the nth node at time t, P P2G,n,t represents the power of the power-to-gas equipment of the nth node at time t, K1 represents the transmission matrix of the transmission network, PL el,mn,t represents the active power transmitted by the transmission network line mn at time t, θ m,t represents the bus phase angle of the transmission network at the mth node at time t, θ n,t represents the bus phase angle of the transmission network at the nth node at time t, x mn represents the reactance of the transmission network line mn, M represents a constant, x bl,mn represents the investment status of the transmission network line mn, PL el,mn,max represents the maximum active power transmitted by line mn, x bl,nk represents the investment status of line nk, θ ref Indicates the reference phase angle, IC gen,n represents the investment capacity of the generator set at the nth node, P CHP,n,max Indicates the maximum power of the cogeneration equipment at the nth node; The natural gas network model is expressed as: |GT nk,t |≤GT nk,max x nl,nk |GT mn,t |≤GT mn,max P n,min ≤P n,t ≤P n,max H fur,n,t +P CHP,n,t or CHPh / or CHPe =S hf,n,t +H d,n,t 0≤H fur,n,t ≤H fur,n,max Among them, GT mn,t represents the natural gas delivery volume of the natural gas pipeline network mn at time t, sgn(P m,t ,P n,t ) represents the sign function, when P m,t -P n,t When sgn(P m,t ,P n,t ) takes 1, and takes negative 1 if it is less than zero. m,t represents the air pressure at the mth node at time t, P n,t represents the air pressure at the nth node at time t, C mn,t represents the pipeline coupling coefficient of the natural gas pipeline network mn at time t, V gass,n,t represents the natural gas supply at the nth node at time t, H fur,n,t represents the thermal power of the gas boiler at the nth node at time t, η fur Indicates the energy efficiency of gas boilers, Indicates the calorific value of natural gas, η CHPe represents the electrical efficiency of the cogeneration equipment, K2 represents the natural gas pipeline transmission matrix, GT nk,t represents the natural gas delivery volume of the natural gas pipeline network nk at time t, GT nk,max represents the maximum natural gas delivery volume of the natural gas pipeline network nk, x nl,nk Indicates the construction status of the natural gas pipeline network nk, P n,min represents the minimum air pressure at the nth node, P n,max represents the maximum air pressure at the nth node, η CHPh represents the thermal efficiency of the cogeneration equipment, S hf,n,t represents the injected heat energy, H d,n,t represents the heat demand of the user at the nth node at time t, H fur,n,max Represents the maximum thermal power of the gas boiler at the nth node.

4. The energy coordination method of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system according to claim 1, characterized in that: S3 is specifically: S31. CCUS system risks include carbon price fluctuation risk and investment and construction risk; The conditional value-at-risk model for carbon price fluctuations is as follows: Among them, p(C CO2 ) means C CO2 The probability density, C CO2 represents the actual carbon price, σ CC represents the carbon price volatility variance, represents the expected carbon price, Ψ CC (x,VaR CC ) indicates that the loss under decision x does not exceed the threshold VaR CC The probability accumulation function, x represents the decision variable, f(x,C CO2 ) represents the decision x and C CO2 The risk value function under VaR CC (x) represents the loss function associated with x, CVaR CC Represents the conditional value at risk of carbon price fluctuations, VaR CC represents the loss threshold, c CC represents the confidence level of carbon price fluctuation, represents f(x,C CO2 ) is greater than VaR cc expectations, represents f(x,C CO2 ) is greater than VaR cc part of; The conditional risk value model for investment construction is as follows: Among them, p(IC P ) indicates IC P The probability density of CIC,P represents the variance of the construction cost of project P, ICP represents the actual construction cost of project P, EIC P represents the expected investment amount of project P, Ψ CIC,P (x,VaR CIC,P ) indicates that the loss under decision x does not exceed the threshold VaR CIC,P The probability cumulative function, VaR CIC,P represents the risk threshold of project P, g(x,IC P ) represents x and IC P The value at risk, VaR CIC,P (x) represents the risk function of the project P related to x, CVaR CIC,P represents the conditional risk value of project P, c CIC,P represents the confidence level of the investment risk of project P, Ε[g(x,IC P )-VaR CIC,P ] + represents g(x,IC P ) is greater than VaR CIC,P The expectation of [g(x,IC P )-VaR CIC,P ] + represents g(x,IC P ) is greater than VaR CIC,P Total CVaR CIC Indicates the conditional risk value of all project investments; S32. The utility function of the risk-sharing agreement based on carbon price fluctuation risk is as follows: U CCUS (CIC)≥EU CCUS (CIC) U E (CIC)≥EU E (CIC) in, represents the utility function of the risk-sharing agreement of the CCUS system based on the risk of carbon price fluctuations, w C Represents the same as p(C CO2 ) related weight factor, v CCUS,C represents the utility of the risk-sharing agreement for the CCUS system when the carbon price is C, represents the utility function of the risk-sharing agreement of the multi-energy system based on the risk of carbon price fluctuations, v E,C represents the utility of the risk-sharing agreement for the multi-energy system when the carbon price is C, λ CCUS represents the risk preference of CCUS system, represents the minimum value of the actual carbon price, β CC represents the risk-sharing ratio of the multi-energy system in the carbon price fluctuation risk-sharing contract, represents the parameter used to quantify the uncertainty of the risk of carbon price volatility, represents the maximum value of the actual carbon price, λ E represents the risk preference of multi-energy system, represents the expected utility of the risk-sharing agreement of the CCUS system based on the risk of carbon price fluctuations, represents the expected utility of the risk-sharing agreement of the multi-energy system based on the risk of carbon price fluctuations, U CCUS (CIC) represents the utility function of the risk sharing agreement of CCUS system based on investment and construction risk, w P,IC represents the weight factor of the project P sharing agreement, v CCUS,P,IC represents the effectiveness of the risk sharing agreement for the CCUS system when the construction cost of project P is IC, U E (CIC) represents the utility function of the risk sharing agreement of the multi-energy system based on the investment and construction risk, v E,P,IC It represents the effectiveness of the risk sharing agreement for the multi-energy system when the construction cost of project P is IC, IC P,max Indicates the maximum value of the construction cost of project P, IC P,min represents the minimum value of the construction cost of project P, β P,IC represents the proportion of the multi-energy system in the risk-sharing contract for the construction of project P, represents the parameter used to quantify the uncertainty of the construction risk of project P, EU CCUS (CIC) represents the expected utility of the risk-sharing agreement for CCUS system based on the investment and construction risk, EU E (CIC) represents the expected utility of the risk-sharing agreement of a multi-energy system based on investment and construction risks.

5. The energy coordination method of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: S4 is specifically: S41. Calculate the costs of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system. The multi-energy system cost includes the multi-energy system investment cost and the multi-energy system operation cost. The CCUS system cost includes the CCUS system investment cost and the CCUS system operation cost. S42. Calculate the total energy coordination cost of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system according to the costs of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system; S43. Based on the constructed multi-energy system model, CCUS system model, and risk sharing model of the multi-energy system and CCUS system, the objective function of the energy coordination model is constructed by minimizing the sum of the total cost of energy coordination between the multi-energy system and CCUS system, the risk value under carbon price fluctuation conditions, and the risk value under investment and construction conditions.

6. The energy coordination method of the multi-energy system and CCUS system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The investment cost of a multi-energy system is expressed as: Among them, TIC E represents the investment cost of multi-energy system, up bl,mn 、up nl,mn 、up gen,n Respectively represent the investment costs of the power transmission network, natural gas pipeline network, and generator set at the nth node, x bl,mn represents the investment status of the transmission network line mn, x nl,mn Indicates the investment status of natural gas pipeline network mn, IC gen,n represents the generator capacity of the investment; The operating cost of the multi-energy system is expressed as: Among them, TOC E,t represents the operating cost of the multi-energy system at time t, f g (P gen,n,t ) represents the convex quadratic function of power generation cost, P gen,n,t represents the power of the generator set at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, gp gas,n represents the unit price of natural gas, V gass,n,t represents the natural gas production at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, tax n represents carbon tax, Q emi,n,t represents the amount of carbon dioxide emitted at the nth node of the energy hub at time t; The investment cost of the CCUS system is expressed as: Among them, TIC CCUS represents the investment cost of CCUS system, UI cap,n 、UI cs,n 、UI P2G,n 、UI gs,n , represent the investment costs of carbon capture equipment, carbon dioxide storage tanks, P2G equipment, natural gas storage tanks and CO2 transportation pipelines at the nth node, IC cap,n 、IC cs,n 、IC P2G,n 、IC gs,n They represent the investment capacity of carbon capture equipment, carbon storage tanks, P2G equipment, and natural gas storage tanks at the nth node, respectively. Indicates the construction status of the carbon dioxide transportation pipeline; The operating cost of the CCUS system is expressed as: Among them, TOC CCUS,t TOC CCUS,t represents the operating cost of the CCUS system at time t, UO cs,n , UO gs,n They represent the unit operating prices of the carbon dioxide storage tank and the natural gas storage tank at the nth node, Indicates the unit operating price of carbon dioxide, inc n represents the carbon price, W C,n,t , W G,n,t They represent the storage capacity of the carbon dioxide storage tank and the natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time t respectively; The total cost of energy coordination between the multi-energy system and the CCUS system is expressed as: Where TC represents the total energy coordination cost of the multi-energy system and CCUS system, τ represents the discount factor of the operating cost, and ρ s Indicates the probability of the sth scenario occurring, TOC E,t,s It represents the operating cost of the multi-energy system under the sth scenario at time t, TOC CCUS,t,s represents the operating cost of the CCUS system under the sth scenario at time t, Ns represents the number of all scenarios, and T represents the total time.

7. The energy coordination method of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system according to claim 6, characterized in that: S5 is as follows: S51. According to the energy coupling relationship between the multi-energy system and CCUS, the following coupling variable P is defined: ih,n,t , P gj,n,t , G ih,n,t , G gj,n,t , C ih,n,t , C gj,n,t , : P ih,n,t =P gj,n,t =Q cap,n,t e cap,n,t +P P2G,n,t C ih,n,t =C gj,n,t =Q cap,n,t Among them, Q cap,n,t represents the carbon dioxide captured at the nth node of the energy hub at time t, e cap,n,t represents the energy coefficient of the carbon capture equipment at the nth node at time t, P P2G,n,t represents the power of the power-to-gas device at the nth node at time t, represents the amount of natural gas produced by the power-to-gas equipment of the nth node at time t, represents the gas release volume of the natural gas storage tank at the nth node at time t-Δt, P ih,n,t , P gj,n,t , G ih,n,t , G gj,n,t , C ih,n,t , C gj,n,t denote the defined coupling variables respectively; S52. Introduce a set of global consistency variables P e,n,t , G p,n,t , C c,n,t Make the coupling variables passed between two operators the same as each other; the global consistency variables satisfy the following consistency constraints: P ih,n,t =P e,n,t ,P gj,n,t =P e,n,t G ih,n,t =G p,n,t ,G gj,n,t =G p,n,t C ih,n,t =C c,n,t ,C gj,n,t =C c,n,t Among them, P e,n,t , G p,n,t , C c,n,t They represent the defined global consistency variables respectively; S53. The objective function of the energy coordination model is coupled with the global consistency variable. The augmented Lagrangian function of the energy coordination sub-problem of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system in the energy hub is expressed as: Among them, L E (x E ,P ih,n,t ,P e,n,t ,G ih,n,t ,G p,n,t ,C ih,n,t ,C c,n,t ,y PE,n,t ,y GE,n,t ,y CE,n,t ) represents the augmented Lagrangian function of the multi-energy system, χ E represents the set of decision variables in the multi-energy system, d PE,n ,d GE,n ,d CE,n denote the constant step size of the consistency constraints of the transmission lines, weather pipelines, and CO2 pipelines of the multi-energy system, respectively, and d PC,n ,d GC,n ,d CC,n denote the constant step size of the consistency constraints of the transmission line, weather pipeline and CO2 pipeline of the CCUS system, respectively, and L CCUS (x CCUS ,P ih,n,t ,P e,n,t ,G ih,n,t ,G p,n,t ,C ih,n,t ,C c,n,t ,y PC,n,t ,y GC,n,t ,y CC,n,t ) represents the augmented Lagrangian function of CCUS system, χ CCUS represents the set of decision variables in CCUS, y PE,n,t ,y GE,n,t ,y CE,n,t Denote the Lagrange multipliers of the consistency constraints of the power transmission lines, natural gas pipelines, and carbon dioxide pipelines of the multi-energy system, y PC,n,t ,y GC,n,t ,y CC,n,t denote the Lagrange multipliers of the consistency constraints of the transmission lines, natural gas pipelines, and CO2 pipelines of the CCUS system, respectively; The consistency variables are updated as follows: in, represents P after the it+1th iteration e,n,t value, represents P after the it+1th iteration ih,n,t value, represents y after the itth iteration PE,n,t value, represents P after the it+1th iteration gj,n,t value, represents y after the itth iteration PC,n,t value, represents G after the it+1th iteration p,n,t value, represents G after the it+1th iteration ih,n,t value, represents y after the itth iteration GE,n,t value, represents G after the it+1th iteration gj,n,t value, represents y after the itth iteration GC,n,t value, represents C after the it+1th iteration c,n,t value, represents C after the it+1th iteration ih,n,t value, represents y after the itth iteration CE,n,t value, represents C after the it+1th iteration gj,n,t value, represents y after the itth iteration CC,n,t value; The Lagrange multipliers are updated as follows: in, represents y after the it+1th iteration PE,n,t value, represents y after the it+1th iteration GE,n,t value, represents y after the it+1th iteration CE,n,t value, represents y after the it+1th iteration PC,n,t value, represents y after the it+1th iteration GC,n,t value, represents y after the it+1th iteration CC,n,t value; The ADMM iterative optimization method of the coupling variables is: in, represents P after the it+1th iteration ih,n,t value, represents G after the it+1th iteration ih,n,t value, represents C after the it+1th iteration ih,n,t value, represents P after the it+1th iteration gj,n,t value, represents G after the it+1th iteration gj,n,t value, represents C after the it+1th iteration gj,n,t value; S54, if the following conditions are met, the iteration stops and the result is output, otherwise steps S53-S54 are repeated until convergence; Among them, || ||2 represents the 2-norm, and δ1 and δ2 represent the allowable errors respectively.

8. The energy coordination method of the multi-energy system and the CCUS system according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the risk sharing model between the multi-energy system and CCUS system, the multi-energy system compensates for the carbon price fluctuation risk of CCUS and the investment and construction risk of CCUS; Carbon price fluctuation risk compensation: p RSC,CC =β CC CVaR CC CCUS investment and construction risk compensation: Among them, p RSC,CC represents the risk compensation for carbon price fluctuations, β CC Represents the risk-sharing ratio of the multi-energy system in the carbon price fluctuation risk-sharing contract, CVaR CC represents the conditional risk value of carbon price fluctuation, p RSC,CIC represents the risk compensation for CCUS investment and construction, β P,IC It represents the proportion of multi-energy system in the risk sharing contract of project P, CVaR CIC,P It represents the conditional risk value of project P.

9. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the processor and the memory are interconnected, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program comprises computer-readable instructions, and the processor is configured to call the computer-readable instructions to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

Images