Methods for identifying low temperature tolerance characteristics of different potato varieties during germination and seedling formation

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for identifying the low temperature resistance characteristics of different potato varieties during germination and seedling formation, relates to the technical field of potato low temperature resistance characteristics, and is intended to solve the problem that it is impossible to use multiple methods and multiple monitoring means to test the low temperature resistance of different varieties of potatoes. The present invention ensures the high quality of RNA extraction by freezing standard potato samples in liquid nitrogen and strictly detecting the concentration, purity and integrity of RNA, providing a reliable basis for subsequent sequencing, and using high-throughput sequencing technology to accurately obtain the RNA sequencing results of standard potato samples, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of data, and performing correlation analysis on gene expression patterns with growth indicators and physiological indicators, not only considering changes at the gene level, but also combining phenotypic data to form a comprehensive analysis framework from gene to phenotype, and by real-time monitoring of the germination rate, seedling rate and growth indicators of sample potatoes, the response of potatoes at different growth stages can be accurately captured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of potato low temperature resistance properties, in particular to a method for identifying low temperature resistance properties of germination and seedling formation of different potato varieties. Background Art

[0002] The cold tolerance characteristics of different potato varieties refer to the ability of these varieties to survive and grow in low temperature environments.

[0003] The patent application with publication number CN114451251A discloses a method for preparing a vegetable soilless culture substrate, which mainly obtains low-temperature-resistant strains by screening, so that the strains can remain active in a low-temperature environment, so that a microbial circulation system beneficial to the roots of plants is quickly established in the soilless culture substrate, thereby promoting the decomposition of organic matter, and then providing sufficient nutrition for the roots of vegetables, thereby achieving the effect of promoting vegetable growth. At the same time, when used in combination with cow dung, wheat straw powder, vermiculite, coconut bran and coal gangue, the survival rate of vegetables in a low-temperature environment can be improved, and it has a wide range of application prospects. Although the above patent solves the problem of low-temperature treatment, there are still the following problems in actual operation:

[0004] 1. The detailed information of the samples was not unified, and more targeted test preparation was not carried out, resulting in inaccurate low-temperature test results.

[0005] 2. Targeted low-temperature monitoring was not carried out according to different test environments, which reduced the scientific basis for potato low-temperature monitoring.

[0006] 3. Failure to conduct more effective genetic analysis on potato samples resulted in the inability to provide effective data support for the low-temperature tolerance of potatoes. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for identifying the low-temperature resistance characteristics of germination and seedling formation of different potato varieties. By freezing a standard potato sample in liquid nitrogen and strictly detecting the concentration, purity and integrity of RNA, the high quality of RNA extraction is ensured, and a reliable basis is provided for subsequent sequencing. By using high-throughput sequencing technology, the RNA sequencing results of the standard potato sample can be accurately obtained, and the accuracy and reliability of the data are improved. The gene expression pattern is associated with growth indicators and physiological indicators. Not only the changes at the gene level are considered, but also the phenotypic data are combined to form a comprehensive analysis framework from gene to phenotype. By real-time monitoring of the germination rate, seedling rate and growth indicators of the sample potato, the response of the potato at different growth stages can be accurately captured, and the problems in the prior art can be solved.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] The method for identifying the low temperature resistance characteristics of different potato varieties during germination and seedling formation comprises the following steps:

[0010] S1: potato preparation and germination: potato samples are selected, basic data of each selected sample potato is confirmed, and after the basic data is confirmed, the sample potato is germinated, and the target potato variety data is obtained after the sample is germinated;

[0011] S2: Low temperature test design: Design the test plan according to the target potato variety data, and mark the test plan as the target test data;

[0012] S3: Monitoring of low temperature program implementation: According to the target test data and target potato variety data, the sample potatoes are subjected to low temperature tests, and the test process is monitored in real time, and the real-time monitoring data is marked as sample low temperature monitoring data;

[0013] S4: Monitoring data processing and analysis: preprocess the sample low temperature monitoring data, perform growth performance analysis after the data preprocessing, and obtain standard low temperature standard data after analysis;

[0014] S5: Monitoring data statistics and modeling: Gene statistics are performed on the standard low temperature data, and auxiliary annotation is performed after the gene statistics are completed. After the auxiliary annotation is completed, visual modeling is performed to finally obtain the low temperature resistance characteristic data of different varieties of potatoes;

[0015] Design of experimental scheme based on target potato variety data in S2, including:

[0016] The trial area is divided according to the target potato variety data, where the trial area is divided into laboratory trial and field trial;

[0017] After the test area is divided, the monitoring indicators are measured, including germination rate, seedling rate, growth index and physiological index;

[0018] Finally, the test area of ​​each potato variety and the type of monitoring indicators in the test area were obtained;

[0019] The test area of ​​each potato variety and the type of monitoring indicators in the test area are marked as target test data;

[0020] In S5, the standard low temperature standard data is subjected to gene statistics, and auxiliary annotation is performed after the gene statistics are completed. After the auxiliary annotation is completed, visual modeling is performed, including:

[0021] Genetic analysis of standard potato samples in the standard low temperature standard data;

[0022] Genetic analysis included RNA extraction and RNA sequencing;

[0023] RNA extraction was performed by freezing the standard potato samples in the standard low temperature standard data in liquid nitrogen, and using NanoDrop to detect the concentration, purity and integrity of the RNA of the standard potato samples frozen in liquid nitrogen, wherein the A260 / A280 ratio was between 1.8 and 2.0, and the A260 / A230 ratio was greater than 2.0;

[0024] The concentration, purity and integrity of the RNA extracted from the standard potato sample are used to construct a sequencing library, and high-throughput sequencing is performed using sequencing software to finally obtain the RNA sequencing results of the standard potato sample;

[0025] The RNA sequencing results were subjected to correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis;

[0026] Finally, the low temperature gene analysis data of the standard potato samples were obtained;

[0027] The expression pattern of each gene under low temperature treatment was annotated according to the low temperature gene analysis data, and the expression pattern was annotated as up-regulated, down-regulated or no significant change;

[0028] After the expression pattern of each gene under low temperature treatment is annotated, correlation analysis is performed with growth indicators and physiological indicators. After the correlation analysis, the relevant changes between the gene and phenotype of the standard potato sample are obtained;

[0029] The gene regulatory network of the correlation between the genes and phenotypes of the standard potato samples was constructed using network analysis software, and the interaction relationship between genes was obtained after the construction was completed;

[0030] Develop graphic and textual diagrams of the interactions between genes;

[0031] Finally, the low temperature resistance data of different potato varieties were obtained.

[0032] Preferably, with respect to the potato sample selection in S1, basic data of each selected potato sample is confirmed, and after the basic data is confirmed, the potato sample is germinated, including:

[0033] Confirm the potato varieties to be identified, and retrieve the basic data of each potato variety from the database;

[0034] The basic data of each potato variety include variety name, origin, genetic background, growth cycle, morphological characteristics, physiological characteristics, disease resistance, germination conditions and testing methods;

[0035] After the basic data of each potato variety is retrieved, the potato samples are germinated;

[0036] The steps for germination of potato samples are as follows:

[0037] S101: Collect potato tubers of different varieties and ensure that the tubers are free from diseases and mechanical damage;

[0038] S102: cleaning and disinfecting the collected tubers, using sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant;

[0039] S103: confirming the germination temperature, humidity and light according to the basic data of the potatoes, the germination temperature is between 15-20°C, the humidity is between 85%-90%, and the light is dark or weak light;

[0040] S104: After the germination temperature, humidity and light are confirmed, the potato tubers are placed on a tray of moisture-absorbing paper or sand, and the germination temperature, humidity and light are controlled in real time;

[0041] S105: When the tuber sprouts grow between 0.5 and 1 cm, the germination of the potato sample is completed;

[0042] The potato samples after germination are marked as target potato variety data.

[0043] Preferably, the trial area is divided according to the target potato variety data, including:

[0044] Extracting soil parameters corresponding to laboratory tests and field tests, wherein the soil parameters include sand content, silt content, clay content and soil pH value;

[0045] Obtaining soil texture influencing factors using soil parameters corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test;

[0046] The soil texture influencing factor is obtained by the following formula:

[0047]

[0048] Where S represents the soil texture influencing factor; w 01 、w 02 and w 03 Respectively represent the weight values ​​corresponding to the sand content, silt content, and clay content; P s , P f and P c They represent the percentage values ​​of sand content, silt content, and clay content respectively; K represents the pH value of the soil; K c Indicates a preset pH reference value, and the pH reference value ranges from 6.5 to 8.5;

[0049] The environmental parameters corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test are extracted, and the area ranges corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test are obtained by combining the environmental parameters with soil texture influencing factors.

[0050] Preferably, extracting environmental parameters corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test, and using the environmental parameters in combination with soil texture influencing factors to obtain the area range corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test, includes:

[0051] Extracting test environment parameters corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test; wherein the test environment parameters include test humidity, test temperature, test light intensity value and altitude influence factor;

[0052] Extract preset cultivation density adjustment coefficient;

[0053] extracting the soil texture influencing factor;

[0054] comparing the soil texture influencing factor with a preset planting density adjustment coefficient;

[0055] When the soil texture influencing factor is lower than the preset planting density adjustment coefficient, the preset initial area area corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test is used;

[0056] When the soil texture influencing factor is not lower than the preset planting density adjustment coefficient, the regional area range of the laboratory test and the field test is set by using the test environment parameters and soil texture influencing factors corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test in combination with the planting density adjustment coefficients corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test, and the upper limit value and the lower limit value corresponding to the regional area range are obtained;

[0057] The upper limit and lower limit of the area range are obtained by the following formula:

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] Among them, A up Indicates the upper limit value corresponding to the area range; A down represents the lower limit of the regional area; A0 represents the preset initial regional area; S represents the soil texture influencing factor; V represents the growth potential index of the preset potato variety, with a value range of (0, 1]; G c represents the preset cultivation density adjustment coefficient, and its value range is (0.32, 1]; B represents the maximum span of the light intensity interval corresponding to the test light intensity value; T represents the maximum span of the temperature interval corresponding to the test temperature value; W represents the maximum span of the humidity interval corresponding to the test humidity; H represents the preset altitude influence factor.

[0061] Preferably, in S3, according to the target test data and the target potato variety data, the sample potato is subjected to a low temperature test, and the test process is monitored in real time, including:

[0062] Conduct low temperature tests on sample potatoes tested in the laboratory in the target potato variety data;

[0063] The laboratory test is to place the potato tubers in the target potato variety data in a low-temperature box with a temperature between 0℃ and 4℃ for pre-cooling treatment. The pre-cooling treatment is to immerse the tubers in a low-temperature environment for 24 hours;

[0064] The pre-cooled tubers are transferred to an incubator, wherein the incubator contains a culture dish with moistened filter paper and the temperature of the incubator is controlled between 15°C and 25°C;

[0065] When the sample potatoes are undergoing germination experiments in the incubator, the monitoring indicators of the sample potatoes are monitored in real time;

[0066] Among them, the germination rate monitoring is first carried out, and the monitoring time point is confirmed before the germination rate monitoring is carried out. The monitoring time point is once every 24 hours. At each monitoring time point, the germination of the tubers in the incubator is observed, and the length and number of the tuber buds are recorded. The germination rate is calculated based on the length and number of the tuber buds, wherein the germination rate is calculated as the number of germinated tubers divided by the total number of tubers;

[0067] Seedling rate monitoring is to monitor the emergence time of tuber seedlings and calculate the seedling rate, which is calculated as the number of tuber seedlings divided by the number of germinated tubers;

[0068] Growth index monitoring included regular measurement of plant height, leaf number and leaf area of ​​seedlings, and recording changes in weight of tubers and seedlings;

[0069] Physiological monitoring: Tubers and seedlings in the incubator were sampled and analyzed using a spectrometer and liquid chromatography for physiological indicators, including chlorophyll content, water content, antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble sugar and starch content.

[0070] Finally, laboratory test data on potatoes was obtained.

[0071] Preferably, in S3, according to the target test data and the target potato variety data, the sample potato is subjected to a low temperature test, and the test process is monitored in real time, further comprising:

[0072] The sample potatoes in the field test in the target potato variety data are subjected to low temperature test; the field test is to conduct potato planting test in areas with different latitudes or altitudes, and the planting area is subjected to low temperature treatment, and the low temperature treatment is to build a sunshade net to reduce the light intensity and temperature in the planting area, cover the planting area with transparent or colored plastic film to reduce the soil temperature, and use a thermometer to monitor the soil and air temperature in the planting area;

[0073] After the sample potatoes are planted in the planting area, the monitoring indicators of the sample potatoes are monitored in real time;

[0074] Among them, the germination rate monitoring is carried out first, potatoes are randomly sampled in the planting area, marked, and the time of germination start, germination speed and final germination rate are recorded at the monitoring time point, and the monitoring time point is once every 24 hours;

[0075] The monitoring of seedling rate is that when the plant height of the tuber seedlings reaches the preset number of centimeters, it is defined as a seedling, and the number of seedlings is recorded. The recorded seedling data is counted as the seedling rate of the planted potatoes;

[0076] Growth indicators were monitored by measuring plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area using a tape measure and vernier caliper and recording them;

[0077] Physiological monitoring is to collect leaf or stem tissues of the labeled sample potatoes, and measure the chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, proline content and antioxidant enzyme activity of the collected leaf or stem tissues;

[0078] Finally, we obtained the field trial data of potato;

[0079] The field test data and laboratory test data are unified into sample low temperature monitoring data.

[0080] Preferably, the sample low temperature monitoring data is preprocessed in S4, and growth performance analysis is performed after the data preprocessing is completed, including:

[0081] The sample low temperature monitoring data is processed in sequence including data cleaning, data standardization, data dimension reduction, data segmentation and data visualization;

[0082] After all the processing is completed, the low temperature monitoring data of the pre-treated samples are obtained;

[0083] The sample low temperature monitoring data after data preprocessing is statistically analyzed. The statistical analysis is to calculate the mean of various indicators of each variety in the sample low temperature monitoring data in different test areas, and evaluate the degree of dispersion of the sample low temperature monitoring data. Finally, bar charts, line charts and scatter charts are used to make charts of data differences between different varieties or treatments;

[0084] Then the chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of germination rate and seedling rate in the sample low temperature monitoring data, and the time series method was used to analyze the change trend of germination rate and seedling rate;

[0085] The growth indicators of different varieties and different test areas in the sample low temperature monitoring data were analyzed by variance analysis;

[0086] Finally, the relationship between physiological indicators and growth performance in different varieties and different test areas in the sample low temperature monitoring data was analyzed using principal component analysis;

[0087] Compare the analysis results of the sample low-temperature monitoring data with the preset standard low-temperature test results, wherein the preset standard low-temperature test results are retrieved from the database;

[0088] After the data comparison is completed, standard potato samples that meet the preset standard low temperature test results are selected from the sample low temperature monitoring data;

[0089] And the standard potato samples in laboratory tests and field trials are marked as standard low temperature standard data.

[0090] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0091] 1. The method for identifying the low-temperature resistance characteristics of germination and seedling formation of different potato varieties provided by the present invention combines laboratory tests and field tests, and can comprehensively evaluate the cold resistance of potato varieties under different environments. Laboratory tests reduce the interference of external factors and improve the accuracy of test results by accurately controlling environmental conditions. Field tests are closer to actual production conditions and can truly reflect the cold resistance and yield performance of potato varieties. It not only focuses on intuitive indicators such as germination rate and seedling rate, but also covers multi-dimensional evaluations such as growth indicators, physiological indicators and yield quality, to ensure the comprehensiveness and scientificity of the evaluation.

[0092] 2. The method for identifying the low-temperature resistance characteristics of germination and seedling formation of different potato varieties provided by the present invention can accurately capture the response of potatoes at different growth stages by real-time monitoring of the germination rate, seedling rate and growth index of sample potatoes, timely discover problems and record them, and by identifying the low-temperature resistance characteristics of different potato varieties, a scientific basis can be provided for potato planting layout, variety selection and cultivation management, which is helpful to improve potato yield and quality and reduce the impact of low temperature disasters on potato production.

[0093] 3. The method for identifying the low-temperature resistance characteristics of germination and seedling formation of different potato varieties provided by the present invention ensures the high quality of RNA extraction by freezing the standard potato samples in liquid nitrogen and strictly testing the concentration, purity and integrity of RNA, providing a reliable basis for subsequent sequencing. By using high-throughput sequencing technology, the RNA sequencing results of the standard potato samples can be accurately obtained, the accuracy and reliability of the data are improved, and the gene expression pattern is correlated with the growth index and the physiological index. Not only the changes at the gene level are considered, but also the phenotypic data are combined to form a comprehensive analysis framework from gene to phenotype. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0094] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of developing the low temperature resistance characteristics of potato varieties during germination and seedling formation according to the present invention;

[0095] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the low temperature resistance process of potato varieties during germination and seedling formation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0096] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0097] In order to solve the problem that the detailed information of the samples is not unified and more targeted test preparation is not carried out in the prior art, which leads to inaccurate low temperature test results, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions:

[0098] The method for identifying the low temperature resistance characteristics of different potato varieties during germination and seedling formation comprises the following steps:

[0099] S1: potato preparation and germination: potato samples are selected, basic data of each selected sample potato is confirmed, and after the basic data is confirmed, the sample potato is germinated, and the target potato variety data is obtained after the sample is germinated;

[0100] Among them, the efficiency of potato germination treatment was improved through systematic operation and standardized steps;

[0101] S2: Low temperature test design: Design the test plan according to the target potato variety data, and mark the test plan as the target test data;

[0102] Among them, the combination of laboratory experiments and field trials can comprehensively evaluate the cold resistance performance of potato varieties in different environments;

[0103] S3: Monitoring of low temperature program implementation: According to the target test data and target potato variety data, the sample potatoes are subjected to low temperature tests, and the test process is monitored in real time, and the real-time monitoring data is marked as sample low temperature monitoring data;

[0104] Among them, the field test data and laboratory test data are organically combined to improve the comprehensiveness and comparability of the data;

[0105] S4: Monitoring data processing and analysis: preprocess the sample low temperature monitoring data, perform growth performance analysis after the data preprocessing, and obtain standard low temperature standard data after analysis;

[0106] Among them, the results of laboratory tests and field tests were compared with the preset standard low-temperature test results, and potato samples that met the standards were screened out and marked as standard low-temperature standard data. This process ensured the objectivity and repeatability of the experimental results;

[0107] S5: Monitoring data statistics and modeling: Gene statistics are performed on the standard low temperature data, and auxiliary annotation is performed after the gene statistics are completed. After the auxiliary annotation is completed, visual modeling is performed to finally obtain the low temperature resistance characteristic data of different varieties of potatoes;

[0108] Among them, through the comprehensive analysis of gene expression under low temperature stress, we can have a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of potato's low temperature tolerance.

[0109] In S1, potato samples are selected, basic data of each selected potato sample is confirmed, and after the basic data is confirmed, the potato sample is germinated, including:

[0110] Confirm the potato varieties to be identified, and retrieve the basic data of each potato variety from the database;

[0111] The basic data of each potato variety include variety name, origin, genetic background, growth cycle, morphological characteristics, physiological characteristics, disease resistance, germination conditions and testing methods;

[0112] After the basic data of each potato variety is retrieved, the potato samples are germinated;

[0113] The steps for germination of potato samples are as follows:

[0114] S101: Collect potato tubers of different varieties and ensure that the tubers are free from diseases and mechanical damage;

[0115] S102: cleaning and disinfecting the collected tubers, using sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant;

[0116] S103: confirming the germination temperature, humidity and light according to the basic data of the potatoes, the germination temperature is between 15-20°C, the humidity is between 85%-90%, and the light is dark or weak light;

[0117] S104: After the germination temperature, humidity and light are confirmed, the potato tubers are placed on a tray of moisture-absorbing paper or sand, and the germination temperature, humidity and light are controlled in real time;

[0118] S105: When the tuber sprouts grow between 0.5 and 1 cm, the germination of the potato sample is completed;

[0119] The potato samples after germination are marked as target potato variety data.

[0120] Specifically, starting from the confirmation of potato varieties, by retrieving the basic data of each variety (including variety name, origin, genetic background, growth cycle, morphological characteristics, physiological characteristics, disease resistance, germination conditions and test methods, etc.), a comprehensive and systematic foundation is provided for the subsequent germination treatment. This systematic approach helps to ensure the consistency and repeatability of the experiment, and adopts standardized cleaning, disinfection, germination steps and strict environmental condition control (such as using sodium hypochlorite disinfectant, controlling the germination temperature at 15-20°C, humidity at 85%-90%, etc.) to ensure the consistency and controllability of the experimental conditions. This helps to reduce the interference of external factors on the experimental results, improve the reliability and accuracy of the experimental results, and emphasizes the real-time control of germination temperature, humidity and light, which means that factors that are not conducive to potato germination can be discovered and adjusted in time during the experiment, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the germination process. This real-time monitoring and adjustment capability improves the success rate and efficiency of the experiment. Through systematic operation and standardized steps, the efficiency of potato germination treatment is improved, while reducing losses caused by improper operation or poor environmental conditions.

[0121] Design of experimental scheme based on target potato variety data in S2, including:

[0122] The trial area is divided according to the target potato variety data, where the trial area is divided into laboratory trial and field trial;

[0123] After the test area is divided, the monitoring indicators are measured, including germination rate, seedling rate, growth index and physiological index;

[0124] Finally, the test area of ​​each potato variety and the type of monitoring indicators in the test area were obtained;

[0125] The test area of ​​each potato variety and the type of monitoring indicators in the test area are marked as target test data.

[0126] Specifically, the combination of laboratory tests and field tests can comprehensively evaluate the cold resistance of potato varieties in different environments. Laboratory tests reduce the interference of external factors and improve the accuracy of test results by precisely controlling environmental conditions. Field tests are closer to actual production conditions and can truly reflect the cold resistance and yield performance of potato varieties. They not only focus on intuitive indicators such as germination rate and seedling rate, but also cover multi-dimensional evaluations such as growth indicators, physiological indicators and yield quality to ensure the comprehensiveness and scientificity of the evaluation. Among them, laboratory tests can preliminarily screen and simulate the germination and seedling growth of potato varieties under low temperature conditions. The use of artificial climate chambers or light incubators can precisely control temperature, light, humidity and other conditions, and select different temperature gradients (such as 5°C, 1 0°C, etc.), set multiple replicates for each temperature gradient, record the germination of potato seeds under different temperature treatments, calculate the germination rate, and after a period of low-temperature treatment, count the proportion of seeds that can form normal seedlings, measure the plant height, stem thickness, number of leaves, etc. of the seedlings, and evaluate the impact of low temperature on growth, including cell membrane stability, enzyme activity, etc., which can be determined by biochemical analysis. Field trials evaluate the cold resistance of potato varieties under conditions close to actual production conditions, select representative plots, and the soil type, fertility, irrigation conditions, etc. must be relatively consistent. Random block arrangement is adopted, and each variety is set as a treatment. Sufficient replicates (such as 3 replicates) are set to ensure the reliability of the data, and field management such as sowing, fertilization, irrigation, and weeding are carried out according to standard agricultural operations.

[0127] Specifically, the trial area is divided according to the target potato variety data, including:

[0128] Extracting soil parameters corresponding to laboratory tests and field tests, wherein the soil parameters include sand content, silt content, clay content and soil pH value;

[0129] Obtaining soil texture influencing factors using soil parameters corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test;

[0130] The soil texture influencing factor is obtained by the following formula:

[0131]

[0132] Where S represents the soil texture influencing factor; w 01 、w 02 and w 03 Respectively represent the weight values ​​corresponding to the sand content, silt content, and clay content; P s , P f and Pc They represent the percentage values ​​of sand content, silt content, and clay content respectively; K represents the pH value of the soil; K c Indicates a preset pH reference value, and the pH reference value ranges from 6.5 to 8.5;

[0133] The environmental parameters corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test are extracted, and the area ranges corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test are obtained by combining the environmental parameters with soil texture influencing factors.

[0134] The technical effect of the above technical scheme is: the technical scheme extracts soil parameters corresponding to laboratory tests and field tests, including sand content, silt content, clay content and soil pH value, and uses these parameters to obtain soil texture influencing factors. This method can more comprehensively consider the impact of soil texture and pH on potato growth, thereby improving the scientific nature of the test area division. By calculating the soil texture influencing factors and combining environmental parameters, the technical scheme can more accurately determine the area range corresponding to laboratory tests and field tests. This helps to optimize resource allocation and avoid conducting tests under unsuitable soil or environmental conditions, thereby improving test efficiency and success rate. The technical scheme not only considers soil parameters such as soil texture and pH, but also combines environmental parameters to divide the test area. This helps to more accurately evaluate the adaptability of target potato varieties under different soil and environmental conditions, and provide a scientific basis for the promotion and application of potato varieties. Through scientific test area division and accurate adaptability evaluation, the technical scheme helps to screen out potato varieties that are more suitable for local soil and environmental conditions.

[0135] In summary, this technical solution improves the scientificity and accuracy of the experimental area division by comprehensively considering soil parameters and environmental parameters, optimizes resource allocation and experimental efficiency, improves the accuracy of potato variety adaptability assessment, and promotes the sustainable development of the potato industry.

[0136] Specifically, extracting environmental parameters corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test, and using the environmental parameters in combination with soil texture influencing factors to obtain the area range corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test, including:

[0137] Extracting test environment parameters corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test; wherein the test environment parameters include test humidity, test temperature, test light intensity value and altitude influence factor;

[0138] Extract preset cultivation density adjustment coefficient;

[0139] extracting the soil texture influencing factor;

[0140] comparing the soil texture influencing factor with a preset planting density adjustment coefficient;

[0141] When the soil texture influencing factor is lower than the preset planting density adjustment coefficient, the preset initial area area corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test is used;

[0142] When the soil texture influencing factor is not lower than the preset planting density adjustment coefficient, the regional area range of the laboratory test and the field test is set by using the test environment parameters and soil texture influencing factors corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test in combination with the planting density adjustment coefficients corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test, and the upper limit value and the lower limit value corresponding to the regional area range are obtained;

[0143] The upper limit and lower limit of the area range are obtained by the following formula:

[0144]

[0145]

[0146] Among them, A up represents the upper limit value corresponding to the regional area; S represents the soil texture influencing factor; A down represents the lower limit of the area range; A0 represents the preset initial area; V represents the growth potential index of the preset potato variety, with a value range of (0, 1]; G c represents the preset cultivation density adjustment coefficient, and its value range is (0.32, 1]; B represents the maximum span of the light intensity interval corresponding to the test light intensity value; T represents the maximum span of the temperature interval corresponding to the test temperature value; W represents the maximum span of the humidity interval corresponding to the test humidity; H represents the preset altitude influence factor.

[0147] The technical effect of the above technical scheme is: the technical scheme divides the area range of the test area in a refined manner by comprehensively considering the soil texture influencing factors of laboratory tests and field tests, test environmental parameters (including test humidity, test temperature, test light intensity value and altitude influencing factors) and preset cultivation density adjustment coefficients. This division method not only considers the influence of soil texture on potato growth, but also considers the influence of environmental parameters and cultivation density on potato growth potential, thereby improving the accuracy and scientificity of the test area division. By setting the upper and lower limits of the regional area range, the technical scheme can flexibly adjust the area size of the test area according to the changes in soil texture influencing factors and environmental parameters. This helps to optimize resource allocation and avoid large-scale experiments under unsuitable soil or environmental conditions, thereby improving the efficiency and success rate of the experiment. At the same time, adjusting the area according to the cultivation density adjustment coefficient can also ensure that potatoes grow under suitable cultivation density, further improving the reliability of the test results. This technical solution can more accurately evaluate the adaptability of the target potato varieties under different conditions by finely dividing the test area and taking into account factors such as soil texture influencing factors, environmental parameters and planting density. This helps to screen out potato varieties that are more suitable for local soil and environmental conditions, and provides a scientific basis for the promotion and application of potato varieties. Through scientific division of test areas and accurate adaptability assessment, this technical solution helps promote the sustainable development of the potato industry. On the one hand, by screening out potato varieties that are more suitable for local conditions, the yield and quality of potatoes can be improved, and farmers' income can be increased; on the other hand, by optimizing resource allocation and improving test efficiency, the cost of the potato industry can be reduced and the competitiveness of the industry can be improved.

[0148] In summary, this technical solution has refined the division of the test area by comprehensively considering factors such as soil texture, environmental parameters and planting density, and set the upper and lower limits of the regional area range. This method not only improves the accuracy and scientificity of the test area division, but also optimizes resource allocation, improves test efficiency, improves the accuracy of potato variety adaptability assessment, and promotes the sustainable development of the potato industry.

[0149] In order to solve the problem that the existing technology does not carry out targeted low temperature monitoring according to different test environments, thus reducing the scientific basis for potato low temperature monitoring, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions:

[0150] According to the target test data and target potato variety data in S3, the sample potatoes are subjected to low temperature test, and the test process is monitored in real time, including:

[0151] Conduct low temperature tests on sample potatoes tested in the laboratory in the target potato variety data;

[0152] The laboratory test is to place the potato tubers in the target potato variety data in a low-temperature box with a temperature between 0℃ and 4℃ for pre-cooling treatment. The pre-cooling treatment is to immerse the tubers in a low-temperature environment for 24 hours;

[0153] The pre-cooled tubers are transferred to an incubator, wherein the incubator contains a culture dish with moistened filter paper and the temperature of the incubator is controlled between 15°C and 25°C;

[0154] When the sample potatoes are undergoing germination experiments in the incubator, the monitoring indicators of the sample potatoes are monitored in real time;

[0155] Among them, the germination rate monitoring is first carried out, and the monitoring time point is confirmed before the germination rate monitoring is carried out. The monitoring time point is once every 24 hours. At each monitoring time point, the germination of the tubers in the incubator is observed, and the length and number of the tuber buds are recorded. The germination rate is calculated based on the length and number of the tuber buds, wherein the germination rate is calculated as the number of germinated tubers divided by the total number of tubers;

[0156] Seedling rate monitoring is to monitor the emergence time of tuber seedlings and calculate the seedling rate, which is calculated as the number of tuber seedlings divided by the number of germinated tubers;

[0157] Growth index monitoring included regular measurement of plant height, leaf number and leaf area of ​​seedlings, and recording changes in weight of tubers and seedlings;

[0158] Physiological monitoring: Tubers and seedlings in the incubator were sampled and analyzed using a spectrometer and liquid chromatography for physiological indicators, including chlorophyll content, water content, antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble sugar and starch content.

[0159] Finally, laboratory test data on potatoes was obtained.

[0160] Specifically, from low-temperature pre-cooling treatment to the germination, seedling and subsequent growth process of sample potatoes in the incubator, all-round monitoring is carried out. Not only the basic germination rate and seedling rate are paid attention to, but also the growth indicators (such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and weight changes) and physiological indicators (such as chlorophyll content, water content, antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble sugar and starch content) are measured in detail to ensure the systematic and comprehensive data collection. By real-time monitoring of the germination rate, seedling rate and growth indicators of sample potatoes, the response of potatoes at different growth stages can be accurately captured, and problems can be discovered and recorded in time. This real-time performance is crucial for accurately evaluating the low-temperature resistance of potato varieties. The low-temperature pre-cooling treatment, culture condition control, monitoring time point setting and data recording methods are specified in detail to ensure the standardization and repeatability of the entire test process, so that the results between different batches or different laboratories are comparable. In addition to the conventional germination rate and seedling rate evaluation, the monitoring of growth indicators and physiological indicators is also added to comprehensively evaluate the low-temperature resistance of potato varieties from multiple dimensions. This multi-dimensional evaluation method can more comprehensively reflect the adaptability and growth status of potatoes under low temperature conditions. By regularly recording and measuring various indicators, a large amount of data has been accumulated, providing a solid foundation for subsequent data analysis and variety comparison. At the same time, the use of advanced instruments such as spectrometers and liquid chromatography for physiological indicator analysis has improved the accuracy and reliability of the data.

[0161] The sample potatoes in the field test in the target potato variety data are subjected to low temperature test; the field test is to conduct potato planting test in areas with different latitudes or altitudes, and the planting area is subjected to low temperature treatment, and the low temperature treatment is to build a sunshade net to reduce the light intensity and temperature in the planting area, cover the planting area with transparent or colored plastic film to reduce the soil temperature, and use a thermometer to monitor the soil and air temperature in the planting area;

[0162] After the sample potatoes are planted in the planting area, the monitoring indicators of the sample potatoes are monitored in real time;

[0163] Among them, the germination rate monitoring is carried out first, potatoes are randomly sampled in the planting area, marked, and the time of germination start, germination speed and final germination rate are recorded at the monitoring time point, and the monitoring time point is once every 24 hours;

[0164] The monitoring of seedling rate is that when the plant height of the tuber seedlings reaches the preset number of centimeters, it is defined as a seedling, and the number of seedlings is recorded. The recorded seedling data is counted as the seedling rate of the planted potatoes;

[0165] Growth indicators were monitored by measuring plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area using a tape measure and vernier caliper and recording them;

[0166] Physiological monitoring is to collect leaf or stem tissues of the labeled sample potatoes, and measure the chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, proline content and antioxidant enzyme activity of the collected leaf or stem tissues;

[0167] Finally, we obtained the field trial data of potato;

[0168] The field test data and laboratory test data are unified into sample low temperature monitoring data.

[0169] Specifically, the comprehensive process from field trials to laboratory analysis not only considers the impact of the planting environment (such as latitude, altitude, light intensity, soil temperature, etc.) on potato growth, but also goes deep into multiple aspects of potato growth (such as germination rate, seedling rate, growth index, physiological index, etc.), so as to comprehensively evaluate the low temperature resistance of potato varieties. Through real-time monitoring, the program can accurately capture the growth status of potatoes at different time points, especially the dynamic changes of germination rate and seedling rate, which is crucial for understanding the response mechanism of potatoes to low temperature environments. Real-time data can also help to adjust the test conditions in time to ensure the accuracy of the test results. From field planting to laboratory analysis, each step has clear operating standards and record requirements to ensure the standardization and repeatability of the test process. At the same time, through a unified data integration method, the field test data and laboratory test data are organically combined to improve the comprehensiveness and comparability of the data. By measuring physiological indicators such as chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, proline content and antioxidant enzyme activity, the physiological response and adaptation mechanism of potatoes under low temperature stress can be more deeply revealed. These physiological indicators are of great significance for understanding the low-temperature resistance of potatoes. By identifying the low-temperature resistance of different potato varieties, we can provide a scientific basis for potato planting layout, variety selection and cultivation management, which will help improve potato yield and quality and reduce the impact of low temperature disasters on potato production.

[0170] In order to solve the problem that there is no more effective genetic analysis of potato samples in the existing technology, which leads to the inability to provide effective data support for the low temperature resistance of potatoes, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions:

[0171] The low temperature monitoring data of the samples in S4 are preprocessed, and the growth performance analysis is performed after the data preprocessing is completed, including:

[0172] The sample low temperature monitoring data is processed in sequence including data cleaning, data standardization, data dimension reduction, data segmentation and data visualization;

[0173] After all the processing is completed, the low temperature monitoring data of the pre-treated samples are obtained;

[0174] The sample low temperature monitoring data after data preprocessing is statistically analyzed. The statistical analysis is to calculate the mean of various indicators of each variety in the sample low temperature monitoring data in different test areas, and evaluate the degree of dispersion of the sample low temperature monitoring data. Finally, bar charts, line charts and scatter charts are used to make charts of data differences between different varieties or treatments;

[0175] Then the chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of germination rate and seedling rate in the sample low temperature monitoring data, and the time series method was used to analyze the change trend of germination rate and seedling rate;

[0176] The growth indicators of different varieties and different test areas in the sample low temperature monitoring data were analyzed by variance analysis;

[0177] Finally, the relationship between physiological indicators and growth performance in different varieties and different test areas in the sample low temperature monitoring data was analyzed using principal component analysis;

[0178] Compare the analysis results of the sample low-temperature monitoring data with the preset standard low-temperature test results, wherein the preset standard low-temperature test results are retrieved from the database;

[0179] After the data comparison is completed, standard potato samples that meet the preset standard low temperature test results are selected from the sample low temperature monitoring data;

[0180] And the standard potato samples in laboratory tests and field trials are marked as standard low temperature standard data.

[0181] Specifically, from data preprocessing to final analysis, it covers multiple links such as data cleaning, standardization, dimensionality reduction, segmentation, and visualization, forming a complete processing flow to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. Through statistical analysis, discrete degree assessment, chart production (bar chart, line chart, scatter plot) and other methods, it comprehensively displays the data differences between different varieties or treatments, which helps to deeply understand the growth performance of potatoes under different low temperature conditions. The chi-square test is used to analyze the differences in germination rate and seedling rate, the time series method is used to analyze the changing trend, and the variance analysis is used to analyze the growth indicators of different varieties and test areas. These methods are highly scientific and accurate, and can effectively reveal the specific impact of low temperature on potato growth. The component analysis method explores the relationship between physiological indicators and growth performance. It can eliminate redundant information and retain the main information, thereby more clearly revealing the relationship between key physiological indicators and growth performance, providing a scientific basis for breeding and cultivation, and comparing the results of laboratory tests and field tests with the preset standard low-temperature test results. Potato samples that meet the standards are screened out and marked as standard low-temperature standard data. This process ensures the objectivity and repeatability of the experimental results, and is also convenient for reference in subsequent research and applications. It not only helps scientific researchers to deeply understand the low-temperature resistance of potatoes, but also provides practical guidance for agricultural production, helping farmers choose potato varieties that are more suitable for local climatic conditions and improve potato yield and quality.

[0182] In S5, the standard low temperature standard data is subjected to gene statistics, and auxiliary annotation is performed after the gene statistics are completed. After the auxiliary annotation is completed, visual modeling is performed, including:

[0183] Genetic analysis of standard potato samples in the standard low temperature standard data;

[0184] Genetic analysis included RNA extraction and RNA sequencing;

[0185] RNA extraction was performed by freezing the standard potato samples in the standard low temperature standard data in liquid nitrogen, and using NanoDrop to detect the concentration, purity and integrity of the RNA of the standard potato samples frozen in liquid nitrogen, wherein the A260 / A280 ratio was between 1.8 and 2.0, and the A260 / A230 ratio was greater than 2.0;

[0186] The concentration, purity and integrity of the RNA extracted from the standard potato sample are used to construct a sequencing library, and high-throughput sequencing is performed using sequencing software to finally obtain the RNA sequencing results of the standard potato sample;

[0187] The RNA sequencing results were subjected to correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis;

[0188] Finally, the low-temperature gene analysis data of standard potato samples were obtained.

[0189] Specifically, by freezing standard potato samples in liquid nitrogen and strictly testing the concentration, purity and integrity of RNA (A260 / A280 ratio between 1.8-2.0, A260 / A230 ratio greater than 2.0), the high quality of RNA extraction was ensured, providing a reliable basis for subsequent sequencing. The use of high-throughput sequencing technology can accurately obtain the RNA sequencing results of standard potato samples, improving the accuracy and reliability of the data. By performing correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis on the RNA sequencing results, the gene expression patterns of different potato varieties under low temperature stress can be fully analyzed, providing comprehensive data support for the identification of their low temperature resistance characteristics. High-throughput sequencing technology can sequence a large number of samples in a short period of time, significantly improving the efficiency of identification work. Through the comprehensive analysis of gene expression under low temperature stress, the molecular mechanism of potato low temperature resistance can be more deeply understood, providing a theoretical basis for breeding work. It is not only suitable for the identification of low temperature resistance characteristics of potato varieties, but can also be extended to the study of gene expression of other plants or crops under adverse stress.

[0190] The expression pattern of each gene under low temperature treatment was annotated according to the low temperature gene analysis data, and the expression pattern was annotated as up-regulated, down-regulated or no significant change;

[0191] After the expression pattern of each gene under low temperature treatment is annotated, correlation analysis is performed with growth indicators and physiological indicators. After the correlation analysis, the relevant changes between the gene and phenotype of the standard potato sample are obtained;

[0192] The gene regulatory network of the correlation between the genes and phenotypes of the standard potato samples was constructed using network analysis software, and the interaction relationship between genes was obtained after the construction was completed;

[0193] Develop graphic and textual diagrams of the interactions between genes;

[0194] Finally, the low temperature resistance data of different potato varieties were obtained.

[0195] Specifically, the expression pattern of each gene (up-regulated, down-regulated, no significant change) is directly annotated through low-temperature gene analysis data. This method is based on direct measurement of gene expression levels and can accurately reflect the impact of low-temperature treatment on gene expression, thereby improving the accuracy and scientificity of the analysis. The gene expression pattern is correlated with growth indicators and physiological indicators. Not only changes at the gene level are considered, but also phenotypic data are combined to form a comprehensive analysis framework from gene to phenotype. This systematic analysis helps to more fully understand the physiological response mechanism of potato under low temperature, construct a gene regulatory network using network analysis, and display the interaction relationship between genes in the form of text and pictures, making the complex gene regulatory relationship intuitive and easy to understand. This visualization method helps researchers quickly grasp key genes and their regulatory pathways, providing convenience for subsequent in-depth research.

[0196] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0197] While the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for identifying the low temperature resistance characteristics of different potato varieties during germination and seedling formation, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: potato preparation and germination: potato samples are selected, basic data of each selected sample potato is confirmed, and after the basic data is confirmed, the sample potato is germinated, and the target potato variety data is obtained after the sample is germinated; S2: Low temperature test design: Design the test plan according to the target potato variety data, and mark the test plan as the target test data; S3: Monitoring of low temperature program implementation: According to the target test data and target potato variety data, the sample potatoes are subjected to low temperature tests, and the test process is monitored in real time, and the real-time monitoring data is marked as sample low temperature monitoring data; S4: Monitoring data processing and analysis: preprocess the sample low temperature monitoring data, perform growth performance analysis after the data preprocessing, and obtain standard low temperature standard data after analysis; S5: Monitoring data statistics and modeling: Gene statistics are performed on the standard low temperature data, and auxiliary annotation is performed after the gene statistics are completed. After the auxiliary annotation is completed, visual modeling is performed to finally obtain the low temperature resistance characteristic data of different varieties of potatoes; Design of experimental scheme based on target potato variety data in S2, including: The trial area is divided according to the target potato variety data, where the trial area is divided into laboratory trial and field trial; After the test area is divided, the monitoring indicators are measured, including germination rate, seedling rate, growth index and physiological index; Finally, the test area of ​​each potato variety and the type of monitoring indicators in the test area were obtained; The test area of ​​each potato variety and the type of monitoring indicators in the test area are marked as target test data; In S5, the standard low temperature standard data is subjected to gene statistics, and auxiliary annotation is performed after the gene statistics are completed. After the auxiliary annotation is completed, visual modeling is performed, including: Genetic analysis of standard potato samples in the standard low temperature standard data; Genetic analysis included RNA extraction and RNA sequencing; RNA extraction was performed by freezing the standard potato samples in the standard low temperature standard data in liquid nitrogen, and using NanoDrop to detect the concentration, purity and integrity of the RNA of the standard potato samples frozen in liquid nitrogen, wherein the A260 / A280 ratio was between 1.8 and 2.0, and the A260 / A230 ratio was greater than 2.0; The concentration, purity and integrity of the RNA extracted from the standard potato sample are used to construct a sequencing library, and high-throughput sequencing is performed using sequencing software to finally obtain the RNA sequencing results of the standard potato sample; The RNA sequencing results were subjected to correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis; Finally, the low temperature gene analysis data of the standard potato samples were obtained; The expression pattern of each gene under low temperature treatment was annotated according to the low temperature gene analysis data, and the expression pattern was annotated as up-regulated, down-regulated or no significant change; After the expression pattern of each gene under low temperature treatment is annotated, correlation analysis is performed with growth indicators and physiological indicators. After the correlation analysis, the relevant changes between the gene and phenotype of the standard potato sample are obtained; The gene regulatory network of the correlation between the genes and phenotypes of the standard potato samples was constructed using network analysis software, and the interaction relationship between genes was obtained after the construction was completed; Develop graphic and textual diagrams of the interactions between genes; Finally, the low temperature resistance data of different potato varieties were obtained.

2. The method for identifying the low temperature resistance characteristics of different potato varieties during germination and seedling formation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, potato samples are selected, basic data of each selected potato sample is confirmed, and after the basic data is confirmed, the potato sample is germinated, including: Confirm the potato varieties to be identified, and retrieve the basic data of each potato variety from the database; The basic data of each potato variety include variety name, origin, genetic background, growth cycle, morphological characteristics, physiological characteristics, disease resistance, germination conditions and testing methods; After the basic data of each potato variety is retrieved, the potato samples are germinated; The steps for germination of potato samples are as follows: S101: Collect potato tubers of different varieties and ensure that the tubers are free from diseases and mechanical damage; S102: cleaning and disinfecting the collected tubers, using sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant; S103: confirming the germination temperature, humidity and light according to the basic data of the potatoes, the germination temperature is between 15-20°C, the humidity is between 85%-90%, and the light is dark or weak light; S104: After the germination temperature, humidity and light are confirmed, the potato tubers are placed on a tray of moisture-absorbing paper or sand, and the germination temperature, humidity and light are controlled in real time; S105: When the tuber sprouts grow between 0.5 and 1 cm, the germination of the potato sample is completed; The potato samples after germination are marked as target potato variety data.

3. The method for identifying the low temperature resistance characteristics of different potato varieties during germination and seedling formation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The trial area is divided according to the target potato variety data, including: Extracting soil parameters corresponding to laboratory tests and field tests, wherein the soil parameters include sand content, silt content, clay content and soil pH value; Obtaining soil texture influencing factors using soil parameters corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test; The soil texture influencing factor is obtained by the following formula: ； Where S represents the soil texture influencing factor; w 01 、w 02 and w 03 Respectively represent the weight values ​​corresponding to the sand content, silt content, and clay content; P s , P f and P c They represent the percentage values ​​of sand content, silt content, and clay content respectively; K represents the pH value of the soil; K c Indicates a preset pH reference value, and the pH reference value ranges from 6.5 to 8.5; The environmental parameters corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test are extracted, and the area ranges corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test are obtained by combining the environmental parameters with soil texture influencing factors.

4. The method for identifying the low temperature resistance characteristics of different potato varieties during germination and seedling formation according to claim 3, characterized in that: Extracting environmental parameters corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test, and using the environmental parameters in combination with soil texture influencing factors to obtain the area range corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test, including: Extracting test environment parameters corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test; wherein the test environment parameters include test humidity, test temperature, test light intensity value and altitude influence factor; Extract preset cultivation density adjustment coefficient; extracting the soil texture influencing factor; comparing the soil texture influencing factor with a preset planting density adjustment coefficient; When the soil texture influencing factor is lower than the preset planting density adjustment coefficient, the preset initial area area corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test is used; When the soil texture influencing factor is not lower than the preset planting density adjustment coefficient, the regional area range of the laboratory test and the field test is set by using the test environment parameters and soil texture influencing factors corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test in combination with the planting density adjustment coefficients corresponding to the laboratory test and the field test, and the upper limit value and the lower limit value corresponding to the regional area range are obtained; The upper limit and lower limit of the area range are obtained by the following formula: ； ； Among them, A up Indicates the upper limit value corresponding to the area range; A down represents the lower limit of the regional area; A0 represents the preset initial regional area; S represents the soil texture influencing factor; V represents the growth potential index of the preset potato variety, with a value range of (0, 1]; G c represents the preset cultivation density adjustment coefficient, and its value range is (0.32, 1]; B represents the maximum span of the light intensity interval corresponding to the test light intensity value; T represents the maximum span of the temperature interval corresponding to the test temperature value; W represents the maximum span of the humidity interval corresponding to the test humidity; H represents the preset altitude influence factor.

5. The method for identifying the low temperature resistance characteristics of different potato varieties during germination and seedling formation according to claim 4, characterized in that: According to the target test data and target potato variety data in S3, the sample potatoes are subjected to low temperature test, and the test process is monitored in real time, including: Conduct low temperature tests on sample potatoes tested in the laboratory in the target potato variety data; The laboratory test is to place the potato tubers in the target potato variety data in a low-temperature box with a temperature between 0℃ and 4℃ for pre-cooling treatment. The pre-cooling treatment is to immerse the tubers in a low-temperature environment for 24 hours; The pre-cooled tubers are transferred to an incubator, wherein the incubator contains a culture dish with moistened filter paper and the temperature of the incubator is controlled between 15°C and 25°C; When the sample potatoes are undergoing germination experiments in the incubator, the monitoring indicators of the sample potatoes are monitored in real time; Among them, the germination rate monitoring is first carried out, and the monitoring time point is confirmed before the germination rate monitoring is carried out. The monitoring time point is once every 24 hours. At each monitoring time point, the germination of the tubers in the incubator is observed, and the length and number of the tuber buds are recorded. The germination rate is calculated based on the length and number of the tuber buds, wherein the germination rate is calculated as the number of germinated tubers divided by the total number of tubers; Seedling rate monitoring is to monitor the emergence time of tuber seedlings and calculate the seedling rate, which is calculated as the number of tuber seedlings divided by the number of germinated tubers; Growth index monitoring included regular measurement of plant height, leaf number and leaf area of ​​seedlings, and recording changes in weight of tubers and seedlings; Physiological monitoring: Tubers and seedlings in the incubator were sampled and analyzed using a spectrometer and liquid chromatography for physiological indicators, including chlorophyll content, water content, antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble sugar and starch content. Finally, laboratory test data on potatoes was obtained.

6. The method for identifying the low temperature resistance characteristics of different potato varieties during germination and seedling formation according to claim 5, characterized in that: According to the target test data and target potato variety data in S3, the sample potatoes are subjected to a low temperature test, and the test process is monitored in real time, which also includes: The sample potatoes in the field test in the target potato variety data are subjected to low temperature test; the field test is to conduct potato planting test in areas with different latitudes or altitudes, and the planting area is subjected to low temperature treatment, and the low temperature treatment is to build a sunshade net to reduce the light intensity and temperature in the planting area, cover the planting area with transparent or colored plastic film to reduce the soil temperature, and use a thermometer to monitor the soil and air temperature in the planting area; After the sample potatoes are planted in the planting area, the monitoring indicators of the sample potatoes are monitored in real time; Among them, the germination rate monitoring is carried out first, potatoes are randomly sampled in the planting area, marked, and the time of germination start, germination speed and final germination rate are recorded at the monitoring time point, and the monitoring time point is once every 24 hours; The monitoring of seedling rate is that when the plant height of the tuber seedlings reaches the preset number of centimeters, it is defined as a seedling, and the number of seedlings is recorded. The recorded seedling data is counted as the seedling rate of the planted potatoes; Growth indicators were monitored by measuring plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area using a tape measure and vernier caliper and recording them; Physiological monitoring is to collect leaf or stem tissues of the labeled sample potatoes, and measure the chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, proline content and antioxidant enzyme activity of the collected leaf or stem tissues; Finally, we obtained the field trial data of potato; The field test data and laboratory test data are unified into sample low temperature monitoring data.

7. The method for identifying the low temperature resistance characteristics of different potato varieties during germination and seedling formation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The low temperature monitoring data of the samples in S4 are preprocessed, and the growth performance analysis is performed after the data preprocessing is completed, including: The sample low temperature monitoring data is processed in sequence including data cleaning, data standardization, data dimension reduction, data segmentation and data visualization; After all the processing is completed, the low temperature monitoring data of the pre-treated samples are obtained; The sample low temperature monitoring data after data preprocessing is statistically analyzed. The statistical analysis is to calculate the mean of various indicators of each variety in the sample low temperature monitoring data in different test areas, and evaluate the degree of dispersion of the sample low temperature monitoring data. Finally, bar charts, line charts and scatter charts are used to make charts of data differences between different varieties or treatments; Then the chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of germination rate and seedling rate in the sample low temperature monitoring data, and the time series method was used to analyze the change trend of germination rate and seedling rate; The growth indicators of different varieties and different test areas in the sample low temperature monitoring data were analyzed by variance analysis; Finally, the relationship between physiological indicators and growth performance in different varieties and different test areas in the sample low temperature monitoring data was analyzed using principal component analysis; Compare the analysis results of the sample low-temperature monitoring data with the preset standard low-temperature test results, wherein the preset standard low-temperature test results are retrieved from the database; After the data comparison is completed, standard potato samples that meet the preset standard low temperature test results are selected from the sample low temperature monitoring data; And the standard potato samples in laboratory tests and field trials are annotated as standard low temperature standard data.

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