Application and method of rambutan powder in shortening postpartum hybridization days of mammals

Abstract

The invention provides application of rambutan powder in shortening the number of postpartum hybridization days of mammals and a method. Specifically, in 0-7 days of delivery, 0.5-1% of rambutan powder is added into daily ration every day for feeding. The invention provides a new application of the rambutan powder, which is used for shortening the number of days of postpartum hybridization of mammals, and can be used for early hybridization, increasing fetal frequency and improving economic benefits. The rambutan powder can also improve the energy supply efficiency of the cows after delivery, supplement vitamin C and minerals such as copper, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron and zinc, meet the nutritional requirements of the cows in the special physiological stage, effectively improve rumen fermentation, promote reproductive system recovery, improve the body condition score of the cows and promote oestrus and hybridization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives in aquaculture, and particularly relates to an application and method of rambutan powder in shortening the postpartum mating days of mammals. Background Art

[0002] Rambutan is a tropical fruit of the Sapindaceae family, native to several tropical regions in Southeast Asia, such as Malaysia and Indonesia, but its commercial cultivation has expanded to Australia, India, Madagascar, the Philippines, Singapore, South Africa, Syria, Thailand, Vietnam and Congo. Rambutan pulp has a slightly sour and slightly sweet flavor, with an acidity of 2.36% and a pH of 3.67. Studies have shown that the reducing sugar content of fresh rambutan is 5.7% to 6.8%. If calculated based on rambutan powder (98% dry matter), it is equivalent to more than 90% carbohydrates (8.4% fiber, 1.4% glucose, 2.2% fructose, 2.3% sucrose, and other soluble carbohydrates), about 4.1% protein, and about 2.4% ash. Moreover, reducing sugar accounts for a relatively high proportion, accounting for more than 34% of rambutan powder, which is much higher than the reducing sugar content of corn (7-11%). Reducing sugars, especially glucose, are the main energy source in animals, and can directly supply energy to important organs such as the brain and muscles without conversion. They are energy substances for animals to quickly replenish energy and restore physical strength, and their energy supply speed and efficiency are much higher than corn starch in feed. Rambutan is richer in vitamins and minerals than corn. Rambutan also contains a variety of biologically active substances, which have certain health and therapeutic effects. Studies have shown that rambutan fruit has certain effects on the treatment of fever, dysentery, and diarrhea, and has astringent, stomachic and anthelmintic effects. In addition, due to its good water solubility, rambutan powder can be added to animal feed or supplemented in drinking water, which is convenient to use.

[0003] In cattle production, after giving birth, breeding cows often suffer from postpartum weakness or paralysis due to reasons such as delivery and midwifery stress, nutritional imbalance and blood loss. The cows are unable to get up, which further aggravates the problems of bleeding and postpartum paralysis. In addition, the stress of cow production often leads to loss of appetite, insufficient feed intake and malnutrition, resulting in slow recovery, frequent illness, delayed estrus and mating, and reduced lactation. It may even cause illness and death of calves due to insufficient lactation. Therefore, it is particularly important for cows to quickly recover their physical strength and supplement nutrition within a short period of time after giving birth.

[0004] At present, in production, cows are usually fed hot brown sugar bran salt water soup immediately after giving birth, and 0.5-1.0 kg of concentrated feed is supplemented every day according to the cow's appetite within 7 days after giving birth. Due to the weak body and poor appetite of cows, the overall intake of concentrated feed and roughage after giving birth is still insufficient. In addition, due to gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by giving birth, cows lack energy and insufficient intake of trace nutrients after giving birth, resulting in slow physical recovery, low immunity, delayed estrus after giving birth and breeding pregnancy. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention aims to provide an application and method of rambutan powder in shortening the postpartum mating days of mammals.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] Application of rambutan powder in shortening postpartum mating days in mammals.

[0008] In the above application, preferably, the mammal is a cow, a sheep, a pig, a monkey or a mouse. Further, the mammal is a cow.

[0009] For the application as described above, preferably, 0.5-1% rambutan powder is added to drinking water or daily diet for feeding 0-7 days after delivery.

[0010] A method for shortening the postpartum mating days of mammals comprises adding rambutan powder to drinking water or daily diet every day for continuous feeding from 0 to 7 days after the animals give birth.

[0011] In the above method, preferably, the mammal is a cow, sheep, pig, monkey or mouse. Further, the mammal is a cow.

[0012] In the method as described above, preferably, the rambutan powder is added at 0.5-1% of the daily diet.

[0013] Furthermore, rambutan powder is added to each mammal at 1% of the daily diet per day.

[0014] Application of rambutan powder in the preparation of a preparation for shortening the postpartum mating days of mammals.

[0015] Application of rambutan powder in preparations for shortening the number of days after breeding of cows.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] The invention provides an application of rambutan powder in shortening the postpartum mating days of mammals. By adding 0.5-1% of rambutan powder to the drinking water of a cow after giving birth or to the diet of the cow 0-7 days after giving birth, the energy supply efficiency of the cow after giving birth is improved, vitamin C and minerals such as copper, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, etc. are supplemented, the nutritional needs of the cow in a special physiological stage are met, the physiological function of the rumen is improved, the recovery of the reproductive system is promoted, the body condition score of the cow is improved, and the estrus mating interval is shortened. The mating days are shortened, early mating can be carried out, the number of births is increased, and the economic benefits are improved.

[0018] Rambutan powder also has the potential to quickly supply energy, replenish the body's manganese, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc and other minerals and vitamins, effectively improve rumen fermentation, maintain animal health, enhance animal immunity and improve production performance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following examples are used to further illustrate the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and substance of the present invention, modifications or substitutions made to the present invention all belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0020] If not otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the rambutan powder used in the present invention can be a commercially available product.

[0021] Example 1 Effect of rambutan powder on postpartum mating days and body condition scores of cows

[0022] The experiment adopted a single factor experimental design, and 16 Simmental crossbred multiparous cows weighing 550kg±25kg were selected and divided into 4 groups, with 4 cows in each group. From 0 to 7 days after delivery, that is, the day of delivery, until the 7th day after delivery, each cow was fed 2.5kg of mixed concentrate (formula and nutritional components are shown in Table 1) every day, and the roughage was whole corn silage and corn stalks (mixed in equal proportions) for free consumption. The control group did not add rambutan powder to the diet, and the experimental groups added 25g, 50g and 100g of rambutan powder to the diet (mixed concentrate) respectively (accounting for about 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% of the cow's diet).

[0023] Table 1 Mixed concentrate formula and nutritional components (air-dried basis)

[0024]

[0025] Note: Each kilogram of 5% breeding cow premix contains 20g sodium chloride, 20g calcium, 2g phosphorus, 1g magnesium, 2000mg iron, 400mg copper, 2000mg zinc, 1500mg manganese, 10mg iodine, 6mg selenium, 8mg cobalt, 250kIU vitamin A, 80kIU vitamin D3, and 800mg vitamin E.

[0026] The body condition score of cows was conducted 60 days after calving in accordance with the GB / T 41194-2021 Technical Specification for Body Condition Scoring of Beef Cows, with 1 point being the thinnest and 9 points being the fattest. The number of days after calving and the body condition score of cows in each group were recorded. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0027] Table 2 Postpartum mating days and body condition scores of cows in each group

[0028]

[0029] Note: All data in the table are mean ± standard error. Data in the same column with different letters in the subscript indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and data with the same letters in the subscript indicate no significant differences (P>0.05).

[0030] From the above, it can be seen that from the body condition scores of beef cows, adding 0.5-1% rambutan powder to the daily diet can meet the nutritional needs of cows in special physiological stages, promote the recovery of the reproductive system, improve the body condition scores of cows, make cows gain weight significantly, shorten the number of days after breeding, and promote estrus breeding.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] The purpose of this experiment is to study the regulatory effect of rambutan powder on rumen fermentation and the nutritional mechanism of promoting the recovery of animal body condition after delivery. The experiment collected rumen fluid from cattle orally through a rumen fluid collector, and prepared simple fermentation substrates for in vitro simulated fermentation experiments. The experiment adopted a single-factor experimental design and was divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group. The fermentation substrates of each group were the same, all prepared with corn and corn stalks in a mass ratio of 6:4. Rambutan powder was not added to the control group, and rambutan powder was added to the experimental groups at 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% of the substrate mass, respectively. The nutritional levels of the fermentation substrates of each group are shown in Table 3.

[0033] Table 3 Nutritional levels of fermentation substrates (air-dried basis)

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] 1 Test methods

[0037] 1.1 In vitro rumen fermentation culture

[0038] Gas production test was conducted with reference to the method of Menke and Steingass in Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid (Anim. Res. Dev. 1988. 28: 7-55). Fermentation was terminated after 48 hours, and gas production was read and recorded by the scale of the glass syringe. The fermentation broth was collected to determine pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA). After 48 hours of fermentation, the culture broth was collected in a 50 mL centrifuge tube, and the pH of each group was determined using a portable pH meter (SX-620). The culture broth was centrifuged (8000 × g, 15 min, 4 ° C) and the supernatant was taken for determination of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA). The concentration of NH3-N in the fermentation broth was determined with reference to the method of Broderick et al. in Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. The VFA concentration in the fermentation broth was determined according to the method of Erwin et al.

[13] . Volatile fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography (GC 3420, Beijing Analytical Instrument Factory). The instrument conditions were as follows: FID detector, PEG-20M+H3PO4 glass column, 2m×6mm×2mm, column temperature 145°C, detector temperature 200°C, injector temperature 200°C, carrier gas nitrogen, flow rate 30mL / min, injection volume 0.6μL.

[0039] 1.2 In vitro rumen dry matter degradation rate determination

[0040] Each group weighed about 0.5000g of fermentation substrate and put it into a special digestion bag (Beijing No. 1 Beef Information Technology Research Center, specifications 35mm×75mm, pore size 38-40μm), sealed and placed in a 100mL glass culture tube. The 48h rumen dry matter degradation rate was determined according to the first step of the method of Tilly and Terry in A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops (Journal of the British Grassland Society). The calculation method of rumen dry matter degradation rate is as follows:

[0041] Dry matter degradation rate % = (m-(m2-m1×c)) / m×100%

[0042] m is the dry matter weight of the sample (g), m1 is the weight of the blank bag (g), c is the correction factor of the blank bag (weight of the blank bag after drying (g) / weight before digestion (g)), and m2 is the weight of the dried sample bag + the weight of the sample residue (g).

[0043] 2 Results:

[0044] The results of the effects of adding rambutan powder on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters and rumen dry matter degradation rate of beef cattle are shown in Table 4.

[0045] Table 4 Effects of adding rambutan powder on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters

[0046]

[0047] Note: Different letters with different shoulder letters in the table indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and no letters with different shoulder letters indicate no significant differences (P>0.05).

[0048] Total gas production: As shown in Table 4, after 48 hours of in vitro fermentation, the total gas production of each group was not significantly different from that of the control group (P>0.05) between the 0.25% and 0.5% addition groups, while the total gas production of the 1% addition group increased by 4.2% (P<0.05).

[0049] pH: As shown in Table 4, after 48 h of in vitro fermentation, the pH gradually decreased with the increase of rambutan powder addition. Compared with 6.36 in the control group, the pH decreased by 2.7%, 3.3% and 3.6% after adding 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% rambutan powder, respectively, but all groups were within the normal rumen pH range.

[0050] Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N): As shown in Table 4, after 48 h of in vitro fermentation, there was no significant difference in NH3-N concentration among the groups (P>0.05).

[0051] Dry matter disappearance rate: As shown in Table 4, after 48 h of in vitro fermentation, the dry matter disappearance rate of each group was not significantly different from that of the control group (P>0.05).

[0052] Total volatile fatty acid concentration: As shown in Table 4, after 48 hours of in vitro fermentation, the total volatile fatty acid concentration of each group was compared with that of the control group when 0.25% rambutan powder was added (P>0.05). The total volatile fatty acid concentration of the groups adding 0.5% and 1% rambutan powder increased by 3.0% and 4.6%, respectively (P<0.05).

[0053] Acetic acid concentration: As shown in Table 4, after 48 h of in vitro fermentation, the acetic acid concentrations of the groups with added rambutan powder were compared with those of the control group. There was no significant difference in the group with added 0.25% rambutan powder (P>0.05), while the acetic acid concentrations of the groups with added 0.5% and 1% rambutan powder increased by 1.4% and 1.6%, respectively (P<0.05).

[0054] Propionic acid concentration: As shown in Table 4, after 48 h of in vitro fermentation, there was no significant difference in the propionic acid concentration between the groups with rambutan powder added and the control group (P>0.05).

[0055] Isobutyric acid concentration: As shown in Table 4, after 48 hours of in vitro fermentation, the isobutyric acid concentrations of the groups with rambutan powder added were not significantly different from those of the control group (P>0.05), and the isobutyric acid concentration of the group with 1% added was reduced by 3.2% (P<0.05).

[0056] Butyric acid concentration: As shown in Table 4, after 48 hours of in vitro fermentation, the butyric acid concentrations of the groups with rambutan powder added were not significantly different from those of the control group (P>0.05), and the butyric acid concentration of the group with 1% added was reduced by 6.5% (P<0.05).

[0057] Isovalerate concentration: As shown in Table 4, after 48 h of in vitro fermentation, the isovaleric acid concentrations of the groups supplemented with rambutan powder were not significantly different from those of the control group (P>0.05), and the isovaleric acid concentration of the group supplemented with 1% powder decreased by 5.3% (P<0.05).

[0058] Valeric acid concentration: As shown in Table 4, after 48 h of in vitro fermentation, the valeric acid concentrations of the groups supplemented with rambutan powder were not significantly different from those of the control group (P>0.05).

[0059] Acetic acid / propionic acid ratio: As shown in Table 4, after 48 h of in vitro fermentation, the acetic acid / propionic acid ratios of the groups with rambutan powder added were not significantly different from those of the control group (P>0.05).

[0060] The test results show that during the in vitro rumen fermentation process, adding 1% rambutan powder increased the total gas production of rumen fermentation to a certain extent, reduced the pH concentration of the fermentation liquid, increased the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and acetic acid, and reduced the concentrations of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid.

[0061] In general, adding 1% rambutan powder (about 100g / head / day) to the diet promotes the decomposition and utilization of carbohydrates in the feed, helps promote rumen digestion in cows and improves the energy utilization of feed by animals. It is also beneficial to improve the postpartum body condition score of cows and shorten the number of days after breeding, thereby achieving the goal of early breeding of cows, increasing the number of parities and improving the economic benefits of cow farming.

[0062] In addition, the number of days for breeding after calving can be shortened by adding 100g of rambutan powder / day / head to the drinking water after calving.

[0063] Compared with existing technologies, such as the study by Yan Xiangmin et al. on the effects of postpartum care on the recovery of the body condition and reproductive capacity of cows ([J] Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 53(02): 27-30), which reported that the number of days to breeding for Simmental cows after postpartum intensive care (including injection of oxytocin, calcium and vitamin supplementation, and supplementary feeding of Chinese medicine preparations) was shortened from 94.37 days to about 69.94 days. It can be seen that shortening the number of days to breeding after delivery to about 70 days is already technically difficult. On this basis, it is difficult to further shorten the number of days to breeding. The present invention can shorten the number of days to breeding after delivery to about 66.5 days by adding rambutan powder to feed or drinking water to postpartum cows, and the operation is simple, the cost is low, and the effect is beyond expectations. At the same time, adding rambutan powder to feeding also helps the decomposition and utilization of rumen carbohydrates in ruminants and improves the body condition score of cows after delivery.

Claims

1. Application of rambutan powder in shortening the number of days after mammalian mating.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mammal is a cow, a sheep, a pig, a monkey or a mouse.

3. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the 0-7 days after delivery, add 0.5-1% rambutan powder to the drinking water or daily diet for feeding.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mammal is a cow.

5. A method for shortening the number of days after the mammals give birth, comprising adding rambutan powder to the drinking water or daily diet of the animals for continuous feeding from 0 to 7 days after the animals give birth.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The mammal is a cow, a sheep, a pig, a monkey or a mouse.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The mammal is a cow.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The rambutan powder is added at 0.5-1% of the daily diet.

9. Application of rambutan powder in the preparation of preparations for shortening the number of days after postpartum mating in mammals.

10. Application of rambutan powder in preparations for shortening the number of days after breeding of cows.

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