Self-cleaning air filtering equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses self-cleaning air filtering equipment. The air purifier comprises a case, a fan, a cyclone device and a filter barrel, wherein the fan is arranged in the case and used for generating negative pressure suction to enable air to flow unidirectionally; the cyclone device is arranged in the case and used for centrifugally filtering the air; the filter barrel is arranged in the case and located between the fan and the cyclone device; the self-cleaning module is arranged in the case and is provided with stored gas for back-blowing and cleaning the filter barrel, the first dust collecting box and the second dust collecting box are arranged below the cyclone device and the filter barrel and are used for receiving impurities, and a first air inlet and a first air outlet of the case are in butt joint with a second air inlet of the cyclone device and a third air outlet of the fan respectively. External air is sucked in from the first air inlet of the case by the fan, is centrifugally separated by the cyclone device, is filtered by the filter barrel, enters the third cavity, is sucked into the fourth cavity by the fan and is discharged from the first air outlet, so that multiple filtration of the air is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of environmental protection equipment, in particular to a self-cleaning air filtering device. Background Art

[0002] Air filters are equipment used to remove harmful substances from the air and are widely used in industrial production. In industrial processes such as mechanical processing, chemical production and combustion, a large amount of toxic and harmful exhaust gas and particulate matter, such as oil mist, dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and smoke, will be generated. These pollutants pose a threat to the health of workers and the normal operation of equipment. Industrial air filters can effectively remove particulate matter and harmful gases in exhaust gas through multi-stage filtration technology, such as bag filters, HEPA filters, activated carbon filters and electrostatic precipitators, improve the workshop environment, reduce equipment loss, and ensure compliance with environmental emission standards.

[0003] For example: the air filtering and processing device for machine tools with the Chinese patent authorization announcement number CN202962159U, in the technical solution disclosed in the patent, an air inlet 2 is provided at one end of the box body 1, a negative pressure forming box 3 is provided at the other end of the box body 1, an air outlet 31 is provided on the negative pressure forming box 3, a filtering mechanism 4 is provided in the box body 1, the filtering mechanism 4 includes a bracket 41 arranged in the filter cavity, a diffusion guide structure 42 and a filtering structure 43 distributed along the axial direction of the air inlet 2 are provided on the bracket 41, sewage discharge mechanisms are respectively provided at the lower parts of the box body 1 and the negative pressure forming box 3, a mounting port 11 for loading the filtering mechanism 4 is provided at the upper part of the box body 1, a cover plate 13 is connected to the mounting port 11 through an opening and closing mechanism 12, and a sealing structure is provided between the cover plate 13 and the mounting port 11. The arrangement of the diffusion guide structure 42 and the filtering structure 43 is beneficial to enhancing the filtering accuracy of the entire device, improving the filtering effect, and extending the service life of the filtering device. The arrangement of the mounting port 11 and the opening and closing mechanism 12 is beneficial to the disassembly, assembly and cleaning of the filtering mechanism 4.

[0004] However, the above prior art still has the following problems: 1. The filter mechanism 4 needs to be frequently disassembled and cleaned, which not only affects the operation of the machine tool, but also is time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly; 2. The filtering range of a single filtering mechanism 4 is limited, and it is impossible to achieve efficient filtering of particles of different sizes. It is also very easy to cause the filtering effect of the filtering mechanism 4 to decline, and frequent maintenance is required; 3. The negative pressure forming box 3 and the air inlet 2 are respectively located at the two ends of the box body 1, causing the airflow to directly impact the filter mechanism 4. There is a lack of buffering and equalizing flow space, resulting in an excessively fast flow rate, which reduces the filtering effect of the filter mechanism 4.

[0005] In view of this, the inventor proposes the following technical solution. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a self-cleaning air filtering device.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a self-cleaning air filtration device, comprising: a chassis, a fan arranged in the chassis and used to generate negative pressure suction to make the gas flow in one direction, a cyclone device arranged in the chassis and used to centrifugally filter the air, a filter barrel arranged in the chassis and located between the fan and the cyclone device, a self-cleaning module arranged in the chassis and having storage gas for back-blowing cleaning of the filter barrel, and a first dust box and a second dust box arranged below the cyclone device and the filter barrel and used to receive impurities, wherein the first air inlet and the first air outlet of the chassis are respectively connected to the second air inlet of the cyclone device and the third air outlet of the fan.

[0008] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a first cavity, a second cavity, a third cavity and a fourth cavity are provided in the chassis, wherein the first cavity is located at the dust exhaust port of the cyclone device, the second cavity is located at the second air outlet of the cyclone device, and the filter barrel is located in the second cavity, the third cavity connects the third air inlet of the fan and the filter barrel, and the fourth cavity is located at the third air outlet of the fan.

[0009] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the chassis includes an upper box body and a lower box body, wherein the fan and the self-cleaning module are located in the upper box body, the cyclone device and the filter barrel are located in the lower box body, the first dust box and the second dust box are symmetrically installed at the bottom of the lower box body and can be pulled out to both sides respectively; an inner shell body is installed in the upper box body, which is covered above the filter barrel and forms a third cavity, the fan is installed on the inner shell body, and one end of the self-cleaning module extends through the inner shell body into the filter barrel.

[0010] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a first mounting plate for installing a cyclone device is obliquely arranged in the lower box body, wherein the first cavity and the second cavity are respectively located on both sides of the first mounting plate, and the first dust box and the second dust box are respectively located at the bottom of the first cavity and the second cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a first filter for filtering large particles is arranged in the first air inlet, and a cyclone pipe connection is arranged between the first air inlet and the second air inlet; the first air outlet is located beside the fan, and a second filter for air filtering is arranged at the first air outlet, and a soundproof cover is provided on the outer side cover of the second filter for reducing airflow noise.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the cyclone device is installed obliquely in the chassis, and the second air outlet is directed toward the periphery of the filter barrel, and the filter barrel is installed vertically in the chassis, and the fan is installed above the filter barrel.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the cyclone device includes a second air inlet located in the center, a plurality of second air outlets and dust exhaust ports arranged on the periphery of the second air inlet and facing upward and downward respectively, and a plurality of guide air ducts connected to the central second air inlet and spirally coiled outward on the second air outlet one by one, wherein the dust exhaust port is funnel-shaped facing downward, and the end of the guide air duct is wrapped around the inner wall of the dust exhaust port.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the self-cleaning module includes a back-blowing device rotatably installed in the filter barrel, an air storage tank arranged in the chassis, a connecting hose connecting the air storage tank and the back-blowing device, an air valve arranged on the connecting hose, and an oil-water separation device arranged on the connecting pipe between the storage tank and the external air source, wherein the back-blowing device is located at the upper end of the filter barrel, and the air storage tank is located next to the fan.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the chassis is also provided with a one-way valve located beside the filter barrel and used to quickly discharge gas when the back-blowing device blows air. A fifth cavity is provided on the outside of the one-way valve, and a filtering device is provided in the fifth cavity.

[0016] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the back-blowing device is a rotating back-blowing device, and when the gas in the gas storage tank is ejected from the back-blowing device, the back-blowing device will rotate; the gas valve is a solenoid valve, and has two switchable modes of timed gas explosion and manual gas explosion, and a selection switch for switching between timed gas explosion and manual gas explosion is provided on the chassis; a timer for controlling the timed gas explosion of the gas valve and a pulse meter located next to the timer are provided in the chassis.

[0017] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: 1. The present invention adopts a fan to generate negative pressure suction in the chassis, sucks in external air from the first air inlet of the chassis, first centrifugally separates it through a cyclone device, separates large dust particles in the air and drops them into the first dust collecting box, and the air entering the second cavity is filtered by the filter barrel and then enters the third cavity, and is drawn out by the fan and discharged into the fourth cavity, and finally discharged from the first air outlet, thereby realizing multiple filtration of the air; and when a certain thickness of dust is deposited on the filter barrel, a high-speed airflow is sprayed into the filter barrel through the self-cleaning module to generate an air explosion, and the dust attached to the filter barrel is blown into the second dust collecting box under the impact of the airflow, realizing reverse flushing of the filter barrel, thereby greatly improving the service life of the filter barrel, reducing the number of replacement times of the filter barrel, and reducing the cost of use.

[0018] 2. In the present invention, a first filter made of a metal mesh is arranged in the first air inlet, and large particles of impurities such as debris mixed in the air are intercepted by the first filter to achieve the first layer of filtration. A second filter is installed at the first air outlet, and the discharged air is finally filtered by the second filter to ensure that the discharged air is completely purified and meets the standards. A silencer cover is added on the outside of the second filter and is filled with silencer cotton to reduce the noise generated by the airflow passing through the second filter.

[0019] 3. In the present invention, the gas stored in the gas storage tank is quickly guided to spray into the filter barrel through the connecting hose through the air valve. When the high-pressure gas enters the filter barrel from the connecting hose, it is quickly released and pressed down. The gas explosion is generated when the pressure is quickly released to perform high-pressure blowing and flushing on the filter barrel, thereby blowing the dust on the side wall of the filter barrel into the second dust collecting box. When the airflow blows from the connecting hose to the back-blowing device, the back-blowing device will produce high-speed rotation under the impact of the airflow, thereby continuously rotating the high-speed airflow to impact the outer wall of the filter barrel, achieving 360° non-dead-angle flushing. In addition, an oil-water separator is set at the front end of the connection between the gas storage tank and the gas source. The gas entering the gas storage tank is separated from water vapor and filtered by the oil-water separator to ensure that the air for backwashing cleaning does not contain moisture, so as to avoid water vapor being sprayed onto the non-woven fabric of the filter barrel with the backwashing gas, and to prevent the non-woven fabric from being affected by water and affecting normal filtration, thereby ensuring that backwashing will not cause damage to the filter barrel and prolong the service life of the filter barrel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of airflow in the filtering state of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of airflow in the self-cleaning state of the present invention; Figure 3 The present invention is a three-dimensional Figure 1 ; Figure 4 The present invention is a three-dimensional Figure 2 ; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and drawings.

[0022] See Figures 1 to 6As shown, a self-cleaning air filtration device includes: a chassis 1, a fan 2 arranged in the chassis 1 and used to generate negative pressure suction to make the gas flow in one direction, a cyclone device 3 arranged in the chassis 1 and used to centrifugally filter the air, a filter barrel 4 arranged in the chassis 1 and located between the fan 2 and the cyclone device 3, a self-cleaning module 5 arranged in the chassis 1 and having storage gas to back-blow clean the filter barrel 4, and a first dust box 6 and a second dust box 7 arranged below the cyclone device 3 and the filter barrel 4 and used to receive impurities, wherein the first air inlet 101 and the first air outlet 102 of the chassis 1 are respectively connected to the second air inlet 31 of the cyclone device 3 and the third air outlet 2B of the fan 2. A fan 2 is used to generate negative pressure suction in the chassis 1, and external air is sucked in from the first air inlet 101 of the chassis 1. The air is first centrifugally separated by the cyclone device 3, and the large particles of dust in the air are separated and fall into the first dust collecting box 6. The air entering the second cavity B is filtered by the filter barrel 4 and then enters the third cavity C, and is drawn out by the fan 2 and discharged to the fourth cavity D, and finally discharged from the first air outlet 102, thereby realizing multiple filtration of the air; and when a certain thickness of dust is deposited on the filter barrel 4, a high-speed airflow is sprayed into the filter barrel 4 through the self-cleaning module 5 to generate a gas explosion, and the dust attached to the filter barrel 4 is blown into the second dust collecting box 7 under the impact of the airflow, thereby realizing back flushing of the filter barrel 4, thereby greatly improving the service life of the filter barrel 4, reducing the number of replacements of the filter barrel 4, and reducing the cost of use.

[0023] The first air inlet 101 is provided with a first filter 8 for filtering large particles, and a cyclone pipe 35 is provided between the first air inlet 101 and the second air inlet 31; the first air outlet 102 is located beside the fan 2, and the first air outlet 102 is provided with a second filter 9 for air filtering, and the outer cover of the second filter 9 is provided with a silencer 90 for reducing airflow noise. The first filter 8 made of a metal mesh is provided in the first air inlet 101, and the large particles such as debris mixed in the air are intercepted by the first filter 8 to achieve the first layer of filtration, and the second filter 9 is installed at the first air outlet 102, and the discharged air is finally filtered by the second filter 9 to ensure that the discharged air is completely purified and meets the standards, and the silencer 90 provided outside the second filter 9 is filled with silencer cotton, and the silencer cotton 90 is used to reduce the noise generated by the airflow passing through the second filter 9.

[0024] The cyclone device 3 includes a second air inlet 31 located in the center, a plurality of second air outlets 32 and dust outlets 33 arranged at the periphery of the second air inlet 31 and facing upward and downward respectively, and a plurality of guide air ducts 34 connected to the central second air inlet 31 and spirally wound outwardly on the second air outlet 32 ​​one by one, wherein the dust outlet 33 is funnel-shaped and faces downward, and the end of the guide air duct 34 is wound around the inner wall of the dust outlet 33. The chassis 1 is provided with a first cavity A, a second cavity B, a third cavity C and a fourth cavity D, wherein the first cavity A is located at the dust outlet 33 of the cyclone device 3, the second cavity B is located at the second air outlet 32 ​​of the cyclone device 3, and the filter barrel 4 is located in the second cavity B, the third cavity C connects the third air inlet 2A of the fan 2 and the filter barrel 4, and the fourth cavity D is located at the third air outlet 2B of the fan 2. The cyclone device 3 is arranged between the first cavity A and the second cavity B. When the airflow enters the box body 1 from the first air inlet 101, it will first enter the second air inlet 31 of the cyclone device 3 from the cyclone pipe 35, and then enter the centrifugal cavity between the dust exhaust port 33 and the second air outlet 32 ​​along a number of guide air ducts 34. When the airflow enters the funnel-shaped centrifugal cavity under the guidance of the spiral guide air duct 34, a spiral vortex is generated, so that dust particles larger than 0.02 mm fall from the dust exhaust port 33 to the first dust collecting box 6 at the bottom of the first cavity A under the action of centrifugal force, and the air passes through the second air outlet 32 ​​into the second cavity B under the suction of the fan 2, thereby realizing centrifugal separation and filtration of the air.

[0025] The chassis 1 includes an upper box body 11 and a lower box body 12, wherein the fan 2 and the self-cleaning module 5 are located in the upper box body 11, the cyclone device 3 and the filter barrel 4 are located in the lower box body 12, the first dust box 6 and the second dust box 7 are symmetrically installed at the bottom of the lower box body 12 and can be pulled out to both sides respectively; an inner shell 13 is installed in the upper box body 11, which is covered above the filter barrel 4 and forms a third cavity C, the fan 2 is installed on the inner shell 13, and one end of the self-cleaning module 5 passes through the inner shell 13 and extends into the filter barrel 4. The filter barrel 4 is a HEPA filter barrel, and the upper end outlet of the filter barrel 4 is connected to the third cavity C, and the self-cleaning module 5 extends into the upper end outlet of the filter barrel 4. After the air flowing out through the second air outlet 32 ​​of the cyclone device 3 enters the second cavity B, it enters the filter barrel 4 from the periphery of the filter barrel 4 to realize the third filtration. At this time, the dust is intercepted and deposited on the outer side wall of the filter barrel 4. When the self-cleaning module 5 sprays high-pressure airflow into the filter barrel 4, the dust deposited on the outer wall of the filter barrel 4 will be blown into the second dust collecting box 7 at the bottom of the second cavity B, thereby realizing the self-cleaning of the filter barrel 4.

[0026] The first mounting plate 14 for mounting the cyclone device 3 is obliquely arranged in the lower box 12, wherein the first cavity A and the second cavity B are respectively located on both sides of the first mounting plate 14, and the first dust box 6 and the second dust box 7 are respectively located at the bottom of the first cavity A and the second cavity B. The cyclone device 3 is obliquely installed in the chassis 1, and the second air outlet 32 ​​faces the periphery of the filter barrel 4, and the filter barrel 4 is vertically installed in the chassis 1, and the fan 2 is installed above the filter barrel 4. The cyclone device 3 is obliquely installed in the chassis 1, so that the second air outlet 32 ​​of the cyclone device 3 can be obliquely located on one side of the filter barrel 4, so that the air flowing out of the cyclone device 3 can quickly enter the filter barrel 4 from the periphery of the filter barrel 4, and at the same time, it can also ensure that the suction force generated by the fan 2 is smoothly transmitted to the cyclone device 3.

[0027] The self-cleaning module 5 includes a back-blowing device 51 rotatably installed in the filter barrel 4, an air storage tank 52 arranged in the chassis 1, a connecting hose 53 connecting the air storage tank 52 and the back-blowing device 51, an air valve 54 arranged on the connecting hose 53, and an oil-water separation device 55 arranged on the connection pipe between the storage tank and the external air source, wherein the back-blowing device 51 is located at the upper end of the filter barrel 4, and the air storage tank 52 is located next to the fan 2. The back-blowing device 51 is a rotating back-blowing device. When the gas in the gas tank 52 is ejected from the back-blowing device 51, the back-blowing device 51 will rotate. Specifically, the gas stored in the gas tank 52 is quickly guided through the connecting hose 53 to be sprayed into the filter barrel 4 through the air valve 54. When the high-pressure gas enters the filter barrel 4 from the connecting hose 53, it is quickly released and pressed downward. The gas explosion generated when the pressure is quickly released is used to perform high-pressure blowing and flushing on the filter barrel 4, thereby blowing the dust on the side wall of the filter barrel 4 into the second dust collecting box 7. When the airflow blows from the connecting hose 53 to the back-blowing device 51, the back-blowing device 51 will rotate at high speed under the impact of the airflow, thereby continuously rotating the high-speed airflow to impact the outer wall of the filter barrel 4, achieving 360° flushing without dead ends. In addition, an oil-water separator 55 is provided at the front end of the connection between the gas storage tank 52 and the gas source. The gas entering the gas storage tank 52 is separated from water vapor and filtered by the oil-water separator 55 to ensure that the air for backwashing cleaning does not contain moisture, so as to avoid water vapor being sprayed onto the non-woven fabric of the filter barrel 4 along with the recoil gas, and to prevent the non-woven fabric from being affected by water and affecting normal filtration, thereby ensuring that backwashing will not cause damage to the filter barrel 4 and improving the service life of the filter barrel 4.

[0028] The back-blowing device 51 can be an umbrella-shaped structure that evenly guides the airflow to all sides to achieve circumferential cleaning of the filter barrel 4, or it can be a rotatable cone that can rotate 360° freely under the impact of the airflow to achieve cleaning of the filter barrel 4.

[0029] The chassis 1 is also provided with a one-way valve 15 located beside the filter barrel 4 and used for quickly discharging gas when the back-blowing device 51 blows air. The outside of the one-way valve 15 is provided with a fifth cavity E, and the fifth cavity E is provided with a filter device 16. By providing a one-way exhaust one-way valve 15 on the outer wall of the chassis 1, when the self-cleaning module 5 is working, a large amount of gas will be sprayed into the chassis 1. At this time, the air pressure in the second cavity B will increase, and the one-way valve 15 will be opened to achieve rapid exhaust to avoid the gas diversion from blowing dust out of the first air inlet 101. At the same time, in order to avoid the gas discharged from the one-way valve 15 being clean, a fifth cavity E is added outside the one-way valve 15 for buffering and equalizing the flow, and a filter device 16 is added in the fifth cavity E to filter the discharged gas, thereby ensuring that the gas flowing out of the one-way valve 15 is sufficiently clean. The filter device 16 is a HEPA filter barrel.

[0030] The gas valve 54 is a solenoid valve, and has two switchable modes of timed gas explosion and manual gas explosion, and the chassis 1 is provided with a selection switch 56 for switching between timed gas explosion and manual gas explosion; the chassis 1 is provided with a timer 57 for controlling the gas valve 54 to timed gas explosion, and a pulse meter 58 located next to the timer 57. A self-locking switch 17 is provided next to the pulse meter 58, and the chassis 1 is also provided with a start switch 18 and a potentiometer 19 located next to the start switch 18.

[0031] One side of the chassis 1 is provided with a first sealing plate 1A1 and a second sealing plate 1B1 corresponding to the first cavity A and the second cavity B respectively, and the second sealing plate 1B1 is provided with a transparent window 1B2 for observing the interior, and the transparent window 1B2 is "L"-shaped and can observe the internal filter barrel 4.

[0032] In summary, the present invention has two working states, one is the air filtering state, and the other is the feedback self-cleaning state. The specific working modes are as follows: First, during air filtering, the air with dust is sucked in through the first air inlet 101. In the first air inlet 101, after the large objects are intercepted by the first filter 8 and the flow is evenly distributed, the gas enters the cyclone pipe 35. Further, the inclined cyclone device 3 separates and filters the finer particles. The dust particles larger than 0.02 mm fall into the first dust box 6 of the first cavity A from the dust outlet 33, and the air that has been pre-filtered by two layers enters the second cavity B through the second air outlet 32 ​​of the cyclone device 3. A fine filtration HEPA filter barrel 4 is provided in the second cavity B, and a A rotating and sealed back-blowing device 51 is provided, and a one-way valve 15 is provided on the upper left of the second cavity B, so that the back-blown gas can be quickly discharged. A HEPA filter barrel 16 can be added at the air outlet to meet the harsh environmental requirements. A second dust box 7 D is provided below the second cavity B. The clean air after multiple filtrations enters the third cavity C through the top of the filter barrel 4. The third cavity C is directly connected to the negative pressure fan 2, and then blows the clean air into the fourth cavity D. After slow flow and silencing, it enters the second filter screen 9 and the silencer cover 90, and finally discharges the clean and low-noise air to achieve the purpose of filtering and noise reduction.

[0033] Second, during the feedback self-cleaning, the commonly used compressed air is connected to the oil-water separator 55 for filtering and then connected to the air tank 52. The other end of the air tank 52 is connected to a large-sized air valve 54. The air valve 54 is controlled by an electromagnetic coil and can switch between two modes: timed gas explosion and manual gas explosion. When the air valve 54 is energized, the valve is opened instantly, and the air in the air tank 52 is instantly released and rushed into the back-blowing device 51 through the connecting hose 53. Driven by the pressure, the back-blowing device 51 presses the filter barrel 4 downward to form a closed space. The compressed air generates positive pressure in the filter barrel 4, and cooperates with the rotating blowing device 51 to comprehensively clean the filter barrel 4, so that the filter barrel 4 remains unobstructed for a long time, reducing the replacement frequency, thereby saving cost and time.

[0034] Of course, the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the structure, characteristics and principles described in the patent application scope of the present invention should be included in the patent application scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning air filtration device, characterized in that: include: A chassis (1), a fan (2) disposed in the chassis (1) and used to generate negative pressure suction to make gas flow in one direction, a cyclone device (3) disposed in the chassis (1) and used to centrifugally filter air, a filter barrel (4) disposed in the chassis (1) and located between the fan (2) and the cyclone device (3), a self-cleaning module (5) disposed in the chassis (1) and having storage gas for back-blowing cleaning of the filter barrel (4), and a first dust box (6) and a second dust box (7) disposed below the cyclone device (3) and the filter barrel (4) and used to receive impurities, wherein a first air inlet (101) and a first air outlet (102) of the chassis (1) are respectively connected to a second air inlet (31) of the cyclone device (3) and a third air outlet (2B) of the fan (2).

2. A self-cleaning air filtration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chassis (1) is provided with a first cavity (A), a second cavity (B), a third cavity (C) and a fourth cavity (D), wherein the first cavity (A) is located at the dust exhaust port (33) of the cyclone device (3), the second cavity (B) is located at the second air outlet (32) of the cyclone device (3), and the filter barrel (4) is located in the second cavity (B), the third cavity (C) connects the third air inlet (2A) of the fan (2) and the filter barrel (4), and the fourth cavity (D) is located at the third air outlet (2B) of the fan (2).

3. A self-cleaning air filtration device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The case (1) comprises an upper case (11) and a lower case (12), wherein the fan (2) and the self-cleaning module (5) are located in the upper case (11), the cyclone device (3) and the filter barrel (4) are located in the lower case (12), and the first dust collection box (6) and the second dust collection box (7) are symmetrically mounted on the bottom of the lower case (12) and can be drawn out to both sides respectively; an inner shell (13) is mounted in the upper case (11) and is arranged above the filter barrel (4) to form a third cavity (C); the fan (2) is mounted on the inner shell (13), and one end of the self-cleaning module (5) passes through the inner shell (13) and extends into the filter barrel (4).

4. A self-cleaning air filtration device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first mounting plate (14) for mounting the cyclone device (3) is obliquely arranged in the lower box (12), wherein the first cavity (A) and the second cavity (B) are respectively located on two sides of the first mounting plate (14), and the first dust collecting box (6) and the second dust collecting box (7) are respectively located at the bottom of the first cavity (A) and the second cavity (B).

5. A self-cleaning air filtration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first filter (8) for filtering large particles is arranged in the first air inlet (101), and a cyclone pipe (35) is arranged between the first air inlet (101) and the second air inlet (31) for connection; the first air outlet (102) is located beside the fan (2), and a second filter (9) for air filtering is arranged at the first air outlet (102), and a silencer (90) for reducing airflow noise is arranged on the outer side of the second filter (9).

6. A self-cleaning air filtration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cyclone device (3) is installed in a tilted manner in the chassis (1), with the second air outlet (32) facing the periphery of the filter barrel (4), and the filter barrel (4) is installed vertically in the chassis (1), and the fan (2) is installed above the filter barrel (4).

7. A self-cleaning air filtration device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cyclone device (3) comprises a second air inlet (31) located in the center, a plurality of second air outlets (32) and dust exhaust ports (33) arranged on the periphery of the second air inlet (31) and facing upward and downward respectively, and a plurality of guide air ducts (34) connected to the central second air inlet (31) and spirally wound outwardly on the second air outlet (32) one by one, wherein the dust exhaust port (33) is funnel-shaped and faces downward, and the end of the guide air duct (34) is wound around the inner wall of the dust exhaust port (33).

8. A self-cleaning air filtration device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The self-cleaning module (5) comprises a back-blowing device (51) rotatably mounted in the filter barrel (4), an air storage tank (52) disposed in the chassis (1), a connecting hose (53) connecting the air storage tank (52) and the back-blowing device (51), an air valve (54) disposed on the connecting hose (53), and an oil-water separation device (55) disposed on a pipe connecting the storage tank (52) and an external air source, wherein the back-blowing device (51) is located at the upper end of the filter barrel (4), and the air storage tank (52) is located beside the fan (2).

9. A self-cleaning air filtering device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The chassis (1) is also provided with a one-way valve (15) located beside the filter barrel (4) and used for quickly discharging gas when the back-blowing device (51) blows air. A fifth cavity (E) is provided outside the one-way valve (15), and a filter device (16) is provided inside the fifth cavity (E).

10. A self-cleaning air filtering device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The back-blowing device (51) is a rotating back-blowing device. When the gas in the gas storage tank (52) is ejected from the back-blowing device (51), the back-blowing device (51) will rotate. The gas valve (54) is a solenoid valve and has two switchable modes: timed gas explosion and manual gas explosion. The chassis (1) is provided with a selection switch (56) for switching between timed gas explosion and manual gas explosion. The chassis (1) is provided with a timer (57) for controlling the gas valve (54) to cause a timed gas explosion, and a pulse meter (58) located next to the timer (57).

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