High-dispersion noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-dispersion noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Ultrasonically dispersing the carrier in water, adding a noble metal precursor aqueous solution, mixing, evaporating the solvent in the mixed solution to dryness, grinding, and roasting to obtain the catalyst; the roasted catalyst is subjected to reduction treatment for 1-10 h at the temperature of 600-800 DEG C in a reducing atmosphere, the precious metal and the elements of the carrier form an intermetallic compound, the adsorption energy of impurity gas on the surface of an active site can be remarkably improved through the formation of the intermetallic compound, adsorption and deposition of toxic substances on the surface of the catalyst are effectively reduced, and the catalytic activity of the catalyst is improved. Furthermore, long-time stable operation of the catalyst in a complex atmosphere is realized, the noble metal catalyst with high activity and poisoning resistance is obtained, the inactivation speed of the catalyst is obviously delayed, and efficient carbon monoxide catalytic conversion can still be maintained after the reaction is performed for a period of time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of carbon monoxide treatment, and in particular to a highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Carbon monoxide (CO) is a common air pollutant. High concentrations of carbon monoxide are very harmful to the human body and can easily cause health problems such as dizziness, nausea, heart disease, and poisoning. At present, the main source of carbon monoxide is the incomplete combustion of various fuels, which is widely present in emission sources such as motor vehicle exhaust and steel mill sintering flue gas. As a representative reaction, the catalytic oxidation of CO has achieved complete oxidation at room temperature with some catalysts obtained in research. However, in actual application, other complex components in the gas to be treated (such as water vapor, sulfides, and nitrogen oxides) can easily lead to catalyst poisoning, which is manifested as a rapid decrease in the activity of catalytic oxidation of CO. Therefore, the demand for practical applications has made the research on anti-poisoning CO oxidation catalysts a new hotspot in related fields.

[0003] Precious metal (such as Pd and Pt) supported materials often show good performance in catalytic combustion reactions. They have the advantages of high activity at low temperatures and resistance to poisoning. By highly dispersing the precious metals on the surface of the catalyst carrier, the exposed precious metal atoms can be further increased, the atomic utilization rate can be improved, and the cost of the unit catalyst can be reduced. However, the exposed precious metal sites are still relatively easy to adsorb sulfides or nitrogen oxides, and then deposit sulfates, sulfites or nitrates, nitrites, resulting in metal coordination saturation; or adsorb water vapor, which leads to agglomeration of highly dispersed metal sites, reducing the number of active sites, and ultimately manifesting as reduced adsorption and oxidation performance of the catalyst for CO.

[0004] CN116364955A discloses a method for preparing a carbon-supported noble metal catalyst resistant to poisoning by sulfur-containing species, wherein the carbon-supported noble metal catalyst is represented as M-PtN / C, N-transition metal salt precursor, M-metal salt precursor; comprising: 1) mixing and stirring Pt metal salt, transition metal salt precursor N and a small amount of other metal salt precursor M in a certain proportion to obtain A; 2) adding A to an organic phase solvent and adjusting the pH value to obtain B; 3) reducing B in steps by segmented temperature control to obtain C; 4) adding a carbon carrier to system C and stirring and adsorbing; 5) filtering system D to remove water, washing and drying with deionized water to obtain a disordered carbon-supported noble metal catalyst; 6) treating the obtained carbon-supported noble metal catalyst at high temperature under an inert atmosphere to obtain an ordered carbon-supported noble metal catalyst. The performance guarantee of the carbon-supported noble metal catalyst against poisoning by sulfur-containing species is achieved through atomic ordered fine structure regulation and multi-element doping.

[0005] CN117884144A discloses the development and application of a catalyst suitable for low-temperature sulfur-resistant removal of carbon monoxide from sintering flue gas. The catalyst uses Al2O3 as a carrier, and the assembled rhodium metal particles loaded on the carrier are the main active ingredients. The Rh particles use the auxiliary nickel (Ni) as the crystal nucleus, and grow Rh atoms on the surface of the crystal nucleus to form an assembled structure with Ni as the inner core and Rh as the outer layer. Through the assembled synthesis, the Ni crystal nucleus can be used as the nucleation site of Rh to carry out dispersed growth to form nanoparticles of about 2nm. Ni in the inner layer of the particle acts as an electron buffer pool, providing electrons or accepting electrons for the outer layer Rh to participate in chemical reactions, thereby realizing the rapid progress of the redox reaction. The unique geometric structure and electronic structure further inhibit SO2 poisoning, reduce the adsorption capacity of H2O, and improve the water and sulfur resistance of the catalyst at low temperatures. Under water- and sulfur-containing conditions at 120-150°C, the CO removal efficiency of this low-temperature sulfur-resistant catalyst for removing carbon monoxide remains above 90%, and is suitable for the purification of flue gases from various industrial sources, especially for the tail gas treatment of sintering flue gases.

[0006] Therefore, how to adjust the microstructure of the catalyst active sites to reduce the adsorption capacity of sulfur species on the catalyst and extend the catalyst life is also a research focus. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention aims at the problem of poor anti-poisoning performance of the catalyst in the process of catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide, and provides a simple preparation method, which reduces the use of precious metals while ensuring good anti-poisoning performance of the catalyst through reduction at a temperature higher than the conventional temperature.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A method for preparing a highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst comprises the following steps: ultrasonically dispersing a carrier in water, adding a noble metal precursor aqueous solution and mixing, evaporating the solvent from the mixed solution, grinding the mixed solution, and roasting the mixed solution to obtain a catalyst; reducing the roasted catalyst at 600-800° C. for 1-10 hours in a reducing atmosphere to obtain the highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst; the mass content of the noble metal in the highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst is 0.05-3 wt %.

[0009] In the present invention, the noble metal is pre-loaded on the carrier surface in the form of high dispersion by a method of first calcining and then high-temperature reduction, and then the microstructure of the noble metal site is regulated by a reducing atmosphere at high temperature. The noble metal loaded on the carrier exhibits the characteristics of high dispersion and small size, and at the same time, at a high temperature of 600-800°C, the noble metal and the elements of the carrier form intermetallic compounds. The formation of intermetallic compounds can significantly increase the adsorption energy of impurity gases on the surface of active sites, effectively reduce the adsorption and deposition of toxic substances on the catalyst surface, and thus achieve long-term stable operation of the catalyst in a complex atmosphere, and obtain a highly active and anti-poisoning noble metal catalyst.

[0010] The carrier includes any one of titanium dioxide, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, molecular sieve, and carriers modified by doping a small amount of other metals; The noble metal precursor includes a halide salt, a nitrate salt or other complex salt of any one or more elements of platinum group metals, gold and silver.

[0011] Preferably, the carrier is titanium dioxide, and the noble metal precursor is a halide, nitrate or other complex salt of a platinum group metal. Platinum group metals themselves have high specific activity, resistance to deactivation and regeneration ability. Titanium dioxide and platinum group metals can form intermetallic compounds at a higher reduction temperature. The intermetallic compound sites can promote electron transfer between titanium and platinum group metals, thereby increasing the charge of platinum group metals and presenting a lower valence state; in addition, the intermetallic compound has a stable structure, which can significantly increase the adsorption energy of impurity gases on the surface of active sites, and effectively reduce the adsorption and deposition of toxic substances on the catalyst surface.

[0012] Further preferably, the noble metal precursor is one or more of hexachloroplatinic acid, potassium chloroplatinate, palladium nitrate, palladium chloride, and their hydrates.

[0013] The reducing atmosphere is a mixed atmosphere of one or more reducing gases selected from hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane and one or more inert gases selected from nitrogen, argon, and helium, wherein the volume of the reducing gas accounts for 5%-100%; the volume space velocity of the reducing atmosphere is 100-100000h -1 .

[0014] Preferably, the reducing atmosphere is a 10 vol% hydrogen / argon mixed gas, because it has sufficient reducing ability and is relatively safe, and can also be promoted and applied on an industrial scale.

[0015] The volume space velocity of the reducing atmosphere is 100 h -1 Above; preferably 10000-70000 h -1 , further preferably 30000-50000h -1Controlling the volume space velocity of the reducing atmosphere within a suitable range is helpful to fully reduce the catalyst.

[0016] The ultrasonic dispersion is carried out at room temperature for 15 to 60 minutes; the ultrasonic power is 300W-500W; and the mixing is carried out by stirring at room temperature for 10-60 minutes.

[0017] The carrier and the noble metal precursor are ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water in advance to improve the dispersion; The calcination is carried out at 400-800° C. for 1-10 hours. The calcination is carried out to remove impurities and moisture, and the temperature is kept stable. If the calcination temperature is too low, the impurities cannot be completely removed, and if the calcination temperature is too high, the structure of the carrier may be destroyed, causing agglomeration and sintering.

[0018] The present invention also provides a highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst obtained by the preparation method, wherein the noble metal in the highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst is dispersed on the surface of a carrier, and the noble metal and the metal elements in the carrier form a third phase of an intermetallic compound; the mass content of the noble metal in the highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst is 0.05-3wt%, and the dispersion degree of the noble metal is 30-100%.

[0019] The combustion reaction is carried out in a mixed atmosphere containing carbon monoxide, oxygen and sulfide. The catalyst of the present invention is resistant to poisoning, especially for a mixed atmosphere containing sulfide.

[0020] The temperature of the combustion reaction is 150-550°C.

[0021] The carbon monoxide concentration in the mixed atmosphere is 100-100000 ppm; the sulfide concentration is 10-500 ppm; the volume proportion of the oxygen is 2-20%; the sulfide includes one or more of sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur trioxide.

[0022] The present invention also provides the use of the highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst in catalyzing carbon monoxide combustion reaction, wherein the mixed atmosphere also includes one or more impurity gases in nitrogen oxides and water vapor; the nitrogen oxides include one or more of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and nitrous oxide. Preferably, the concentration of the sulfide is 10-500ppm; the concentration of the nitrogen oxide is 50-5000ppm; the volume proportion of the water vapor is 3-25%, and the water vapor has a significant promoting effect on the catalyst activity.

[0023] In the existing working conditions, the catalytic oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide in a complex atmosphere requires a temperature above 250°C to achieve stable conversion. However, the catalyst of the present invention can achieve stable conversion of carbon monoxide at 200°C in an atmosphere containing water vapor, sulfides, nitrogen oxides and other substances that are toxic to the catalyst, significantly slowing down the deactivation rate of the catalyst, and maintaining efficient catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide after a period of reaction.

[0024] The highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst in the present invention has excellent resistance to poisoning by sulfur gas, and the stable conversion rate can reach more than 40%, preferably more than 50%, or even more than 90%.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention uses a simple calcination followed by high-temperature reduction method to efficiently disperse and load precious metals onto metal oxide carriers and construct interactions to form active sites of intermetallic compound structures, thereby achieving high dispersion of low-content precious metals and excellent anti-poisoning ability. The catalyst is excellent in catalyzing carbon monoxide oxidation and can achieve stable CO conversion in complex atmospheres.

[0026] (2) The precious metal content in the catalyst of the present invention is lower than that in conventional catalysts, and the raw material cost is reduced, which is conducive to the industrial promotion of the catalyst. In addition, the catalyst preparation process is simple and easy to operate, and the raw materials are simple and easy to obtain, which has the potential for industrial application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The XRD patterns of the catalysts prepared in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.

[0028] Figure 2 This is the STEM and particle size statistics of the catalyst prepared in Example 2.

[0029] Figure 3 This is the STEM and particle size statistics of the catalyst prepared in Comparative Example 2.

[0030] Figure 4 These are the XPS graphs of the TiO2-loaded Pt catalysts prepared in Example 2, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2, as well as the XPS graphs of the corresponding samples after performance evaluation in application tests.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the carbon monoxide conversion rate of the catalysts of the embodiment and comparative example in Application Example 1.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the catalytic stability of the catalyst of Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications or equivalent substitutions based on the understanding of the technical scheme of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, and all should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] The raw materials used in the following specific embodiments are all purchased from the market. The noble metal precursor used in the following specific embodiments is H2PtCl6·xH2O, with a molecular weight of 409.81.

[0035] Example 1 500°C reduction treatment of titanium dioxide loaded with 0.5 wt% Pt catalyst (1) Ultrasonic dispersion of 2 g of titanium dioxide carrier in 90 mL of deionized water at 480 W for 15 min, slowly dropwise add 1 mL of 0.5% H2PtCl6·xH2O solution, and continue stirring for 15 min; (2) The solvent in the mixed solution was evaporated by rotary evaporation, and the obtained solid was ground and calcined in a muffle furnace at 500°C for 5 h to obtain a titanium dioxide-loaded Pt catalyst, which was recorded as Pt / TiO2.

[0036] (3) The above Pt / TiO2 was filled into a tube furnace and introduced at a volume space velocity of 40,000 h -1 The catalyst was treated with 10% H2 / Ar mixed gas at 500℃ for 2h to obtain a titanium dioxide-supported Pt catalyst treated with hydrogen at 500℃, which was recorded as Pt / TiO2-500H2.

[0037] Example 2 700°C reduction treatment of titanium dioxide loaded with 0.5 wt% Pt catalyst (1) Ultrasonic dispersion of 2 g of titanium dioxide carrier in 90 mL of deionized water at 480 W for 15 min, slowly dropwise add 1 mL of 0.5% H2PtCl6·xH2O solution, and continue stirring for 15 min; (2) The solvent in the mixed solution was evaporated by rotary evaporation, and the obtained solid was ground and calcined in a muffle furnace at 500°C for 5 h to obtain a titanium dioxide-loaded Pt catalyst, which was recorded as Pt / TiO2.

[0038] (3) The above Pt / TiO2 was filled into a tube furnace and introduced at a volume space velocity of 40,000 h -1 The catalyst was treated with 10% H2 / Ar mixed gas at 700℃ for 2h to obtain a titanium dioxide-supported Pt catalyst treated with hydrogen at 700℃, which was recorded as Pt / TiO2-700H2.

[0039] Example 3 700°C reduction treatment of titanium dioxide loaded with 0.05 wt% Pt catalyst (1) Ultrasonic dispersion of 2 g of titanium dioxide carrier in 90 mL of deionized water at 480 W for 15 min, slowly dropwise add 1 mL of 0.05% H2PtCl6·xH2O solution, and continue stirring for 15 min; (2) The solvent in the mixed solution was evaporated by rotary evaporation, and the obtained solid was ground and calcined in a muffle furnace at 500°C for 5 h to obtain a titanium dioxide-loaded Pt catalyst, which was recorded as Pt / TiO2.

[0040] (3) The above Pt / TiO2 was filled into a tube furnace and introduced at a volume space velocity of 40,000 h -1 The catalyst was treated with 10% H2 / Ar mixed gas at 700℃ for 2h to obtain a titanium dioxide-supported Pt catalyst treated with hydrogen at 700℃, which was recorded as Pt-0.05 / TiO2-700H2.

[0041] Comparative Example 1 300°C reduction treatment of titanium dioxide loaded with 0.5 wt% Pt catalyst (1) Ultrasonic dispersion of 2 g of titanium dioxide carrier in 90 mL of deionized water at 480 W for 15 min, slowly dropwise add 1 mL of 0.5% H2PtCl6·xH2O solution, and continue stirring for 15 min; (2) The solvent in the mixed solution was evaporated by rotary evaporation, and the obtained solid was ground and calcined in a muffle furnace at 500°C for 5 h to obtain a titanium dioxide-loaded Pt catalyst, which was recorded as Pt / TiO2.

[0042] (3) The above Pt / TiO2 was filled into a tube furnace and introduced at a volume space velocity of 40,000 h -1 The catalyst was treated with 10% H2 / Ar mixed gas at 300℃ for 2h to obtain a Pt-supported titanium dioxide catalyst treated with hydrogen at 300℃, which was recorded as Pt / TiO2-300H2.

[0043] Comparative Example 2: Titanium dioxide without reduction treatment loaded with 0.5 wt% Pt catalyst (1) Ultrasonic dispersion of 2 g of titanium dioxide carrier in 90 mL of deionized water at 480 W for 15 min, slowly dropwise add 1 mL of 0.5% H2PtCl6·xH2O solution, and continue stirring for 15 min; (2) The solvent in the mixed solution was evaporated by rotary evaporation, and the obtained solid was ground and calcined in a muffle furnace at 500° C. for 5 h to obtain a titanium dioxide-loaded Pt catalyst, which was recorded as Pt / TiO2-Raw.

[0044] Figure 1 The X-ray diffraction spectra of the TiO2 carrier and the prepared TiO2-supported Pt catalyst used in Example 2 are shown in FIG. Figure 1 It can be seen that the diffraction peaks after Pt is loaded on TiO2 are all generated by the carrier anatase phase TiO2, and there is no obvious Pt-related peak, which proves that Pt is distributed on the carrier surface in a highly dispersed state. After 700℃ reduction treatment, Pt / TiO2-700H2 shows a diffraction peak with a higher peak height and narrower peak width, which indicates that the crystallinity of the titanium dioxide carrier has been improved after high-temperature reduction, and no obvious crystal phase transformation has occurred.

[0045] Figure 2 is a STEM image of the TiO2-supported Pt catalyst prepared in Example 2, Figure 3 This is a STEM image of the TiO2-supported Pt catalyst prepared in Comparative Example 2. Particle size statistics show that the average particle size of the Pt nanoparticles supported on the catalyst surface in Example 2 is 1.91nm, and the Pt dispersion is 58.78%. The average particle size of the Pt nanoparticles supported on the catalyst surface in Comparative Example 2 is 1.58nm, corresponding to a Pt dispersion of 71.05%. After high-temperature reduction treatment, the size of the Pt nanoparticles on the catalyst increases slightly, but to a limited extent.

[0046] Figure 4 (a) is the XPS graph of the TiO2-supported Pt catalyst prepared in Example 2, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2, Figure 4 (b) is the XPS graph of Example 2, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 after performance evaluation by application test. Table 1 is the proportion of various Pt species in the catalyst obtained by fitting the XPS graph.

[0047] Table 1 Pt species attribution ratios obtained from XPS tests of Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 Before reaction <![CDATA[Pt 0 / Pt δ- ]]> <![CDATA[Pt 2+ ]]> <![CDATA[Pt 4+ ]]> <![CDATA[Pt / TiO2-Raw]]> - 55.82% 44.18% <![CDATA[Pt / TiO2-300H2]]> 67.65% 32.35% - <![CDATA[Pt / TiO2-700H2]]> 62.42% 37.58% - After the reaction <![CDATA[Pt 0 / Pt δ- ]]> <![CDATA[Pt 2+ ]]> <![CDATA[Pt 4+ ]]> <![CDATA[Pt / TiO2-Raw]]> 21.79% 14.56% 63.65% <![CDATA[Pt / TiO2-300H2]]> 27.36% 30.00% 42.64% <![CDATA[Pt / TiO2-700H2]]> 57.95% 30.73% 11.32% It can be seen that among the prepared catalysts, the catalysts treated with hydrogen are mainly composed of metallic Pt species, among which Pt / TiO2-300H2 is mainly composed of Pt 0 The main species is Pt, while the binding energy of low-valent Pt in Pt / TiO2-700H2 shifts toward the low binding energy direction. This is because Pt combines with reduced TiO2 in a reducing atmosphere to produce Pt-Ti intermetallic compounds. There is basically no low-valent Pt in fresh samples, and the main form of Pt is high-valent Pt.

[0048] After the reaction, it can be found that all catalysts have a trend of reducing low-valent Pt and increasing high-valent Pt. However, after testing, the Pt / TiO2-700H2 catalyst retained most of the low-valent Pt species, showing good stability and anti-poisoning performance; while Pt / TiO2-300H2 showed a large amount of Pt 0 This corresponds to the situation of sample deactivation in the activity data, indicating that the Pt species with good activity were converted into relatively inert species under the action of the test atmosphere and sulfur.

[0049] Catalyst performance evaluation The performance of the catalysts prepared in the examples and comparative examples in catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide under complex atmosphere was tested and evaluated in a fixed bed reactor. The catalytic reaction was carried out in a quartz reaction tube, and the temperature was controlled by a thermocouple to achieve a thermal catalytic reaction.

[0050] Application Example 1 1. Weigh 100 mg of the catalyst prepared in the examples and comparative examples, crush them into 40-60 mesh, and fill them in the middle of a fixed bed quartz reactor with an inner diameter of 7 mm. The quartz tube is placed in a programmed tube furnace.

[0051] 2. The catalyst was pre-activated at 500°C for 1 h in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then the tubular furnace was cooled down for activity testing.

[0052] 3. The mixed reaction gas consists of 5000 ppm CO, 15% O2, 500 ppm NO2, 50 ppm SO2, 15% H2O and N2 as the balance gas. The reaction temperature is 200°C. The carbon monoxide concentration in the outlet mixed gas is analyzed by an online infrared gas analyzer, and the gas concentration data is collected every 16 seconds.

[0053] The CO conversion rate T (%) is calculated by the following formula:

[0054] in is the outlet carbon monoxide concentration, is the initial carbon monoxide concentration; the activity test results of catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide under complex atmosphere are shown in Table 2 and Figure 5 It is shown that under thermal catalytic conditions, compared with the titanium dioxide loaded Pt catalysts prepared with a lower reduction temperature (Comparative Example 1) and without reduction treatment (Comparative Example 2), the catalysts prepared in Examples 1 and 2 have a longer life, and the conversion rate of the catalyst in Example 2 is maintained above 50% for a long time; the catalyst prepared in Example 2 has a higher stable conversion rate, reaching 96%, and the effect is very good.

[0055] Table 2 Activity test results of catalytic carbon monoxide combustion under complex atmosphere of Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-2

[0056] The CO conversion rate of the catalyst prepared in Comparative Example 1 dropped to 50% 5.3 hours after the start of the reaction, and the stable conversion rate was about 10% after 35 hours of continuous reaction; the CO conversion rate of the catalyst prepared in Example 1 dropped to 50% 12.7 hours after the start of the reaction, and the stable conversion rate was about 14% after 35 hours of continuous reaction; the catalyst prepared in Example 2 still maintained a CO conversion rate of 95% after 35 hours of continuous reaction without serious deactivation; while the conversion rate of the catalyst in Comparative Example 2 that had not been reduced dropped to 50% after 1.8 hours of reaction, and the stable conversion rate was less than 10% after 35 hours of continuous reaction.

[0057] In addition, the catalyst prepared in Example 2 was subjected to an additional 1000-hour stability test. Figure 6 As shown. In the first 70 hours after adding SO2, the CO conversion rate will slowly decrease, and then the CO conversion rate will stabilize and remain at around 96%. When the addition of SO2 to the reaction gas is stopped after the reaction time is close to 1000 hours, it is found that the activity of the catalyst can be quickly restored and the CO conversion rate returns to 100%.

[0058] Compared with Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1, the higher reduction temperature in Example 2 can show a higher stable conversion rate and is suitable for long-term industrial operation.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: ultrasonically dispersing a carrier in water, adding a noble metal precursor aqueous solution and mixing, evaporating the solvent from the mixed solution, grinding the mixed solution, and roasting the mixed solution to obtain a catalyst; subjecting the roasted catalyst to reduction treatment at 600-800° C. for 1-10 hours in a reducing atmosphere to obtain the highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst; the mass content of the noble metal in the highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst is 0.05-3 wt %.

2. The method for preparing a highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carrier includes any one of titanium dioxide, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, molecular sieve, and carriers modified by doping a small amount of other metals; The noble metal precursor includes a halide salt, a nitrate salt or other complex salt of any one or more elements of platinum group metals, gold and silver.

3. The method for preparing a highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carrier is titanium dioxide, and the noble metal precursor is a halide, nitrate or other complex salt of platinum metal.

4. The method for preparing a highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reducing atmosphere is a mixed atmosphere of one or more reducing gases selected from hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane and one or more inert gases selected from nitrogen, argon, and helium, wherein the volume of the reducing gas accounts for 5%-100%; the volume space velocity of the reducing atmosphere is 100-100000h -1 .

5. The method for preparing a highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic dispersion is carried out at room temperature for 15 to 60 minutes; the ultrasonic power is 300W-500W; the mixing is stirred at room temperature for 10-60 minutes; and the calcination is carried out at 400-800°C for 1-10 hours.

6. The highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The precious metal in the highly dispersed precious metal anti-poisoning catalyst is dispersed on the surface of the carrier, and the precious metal and the metal elements in the carrier form a third phase of an intermetallic compound; the mass content of the precious metal in the highly dispersed precious metal anti-poisoning catalyst is 0.05-3wt%, and the dispersion degree of the precious metal is 30-100%.

7. Use of the highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst according to claim 6 in catalyzing carbon monoxide combustion reaction, characterized in that: The combustion reaction is carried out in a mixed atmosphere containing carbon monoxide, oxygen and sulfide.

8. Use of the highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst according to claim 7 in catalyzing carbon monoxide combustion reaction, characterized in that: The temperature of the combustion reaction is 150-550°C; the concentration of carbon monoxide in the mixed atmosphere is 100-100000 ppm; the concentration of sulfide is 10-500 ppm; the volume proportion of oxygen is 2-20%; the sulfide includes one or more of sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur trioxide.

9. Use of the highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst according to claim 7 in catalyzing carbon monoxide combustion reaction, characterized in that: The mixed atmosphere also includes one or more impurity gases in nitrogen oxides and water vapor; the nitrogen oxides include one or more of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and nitrous oxide; the concentration of the nitrogen oxides is 50-5000ppm; the volume proportion of the water vapor is 3-25%.

10. Use of the highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst according to claim 7 in catalyzing carbon monoxide combustion reaction, characterized in that: The highly dispersed noble metal anti-poisoning catalyst has a stable conversion rate of more than 40%.

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