Structural assembly for efficiently grinding end face and machining method
By designing efficient grinding structural components, using the cooperation of mold, limiting plate, pressing plate and spring seat, efficient grinding of multiple small parts of the step shaft is achieved, and the clamping and processing efficiency in the existing technology is solved. Problem, improving productivity and reducing costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202310795030.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-06-30
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, the grinding and machining efficiency of the end surface of the small step shaft parts is low, resulting in a long grinding time and a large proportion of production auxiliary time.
An efficient grinding structural component is designed, including a mold, a limiting plate, a pressing plate, a spring seat and a spring. Through the coordination of positioning holes, cylindrical holes and step holes, efficient grinding of multiple parts at one time is achieved.
It realizes that multiple products can be ground by one clamping, which reduces production assist time, improves processing efficiency, and reduces the production costs of enterprises.
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Figure CN119217262A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of mechanical processing, and in particular to a structural component and a processing method for efficiently grinding the end surface of a stepped shaft-like small part. Background Art
[0002] End surface grinding is widely used in mechanical manufacturing. Figure 1 The parts shown are usually ground one at a time. For the grinding of small parts, due to the short grinding time, the time for product clamping and loading and unloading accounts for a large proportion. Summary of the invention
[0003] One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to provide a structural component that can efficiently grind the end faces of small stepped shaft parts in view of the limitations of existing grinding clamping and processing efficiency of small stepped shaft parts.
[0004] The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in view of the limitations of the existing end face grinding clamping and processing efficiency of small stepped shaft parts, a processing method for efficiently grinding the end faces of small stepped shaft parts is provided.
[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a structural component for efficiently grinding the end surface of small parts of stepped shafts, comprising:
[0006] A die body, on which a plurality of positioning holes are opened circumferentially, and these positioning holes are used to load small stepped shaft parts to be ground;
[0007] A limiting plate is locked on the first end surface of the mold body by a first fastener, and a plurality of first cylindrical holes are opened in the circumferential direction of the limiting plate. The first cylindrical holes are aligned with the positioning holes one by one, and the small stepped shaft parts to be ground inserted into the positioning holes pass through the cylindrical holes so that the parts of the small stepped shaft parts to be ground that need to be ground are exposed from the limiting plate; the limiting plate axially limits the small stepped shaft parts to be ground in the positioning holes;
[0008] A pressing plate locked on the second end surface of the mold body by a second fastener, wherein a plurality of second cylindrical holes are circumferentially opened on the pressing plate, and the second cylindrical holes are aligned one by one with the positioning holes;
[0009] A plurality of spring seats, one end of each spring seat is inserted into the second cylindrical hole, and the other end of each spring seat extends into the positioning hole;
[0010] A plurality of springs, each spring is arranged in a positioning hole, one end of each spring is anchored on the other end of the spring seat, and the other end of each spring contacts the small stepped shaft part to be ground, exerting an axial force on the small stepped shaft part to be ground.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mold body is coaxially provided with an installation portion, a locking portion and a clamping portion, the locking portion is located between the clamping portion and the installation portion, a plurality of positioning holes are circumferentially opened on the installation portion, and the installation portion has two end faces in the axial direction, wherein the end face adjacent to the limit plate is the first end face, and the end face adjacent to the pressure plate is the second end face; the pressure plate is locked on the locking portion by a fastener and fits on the second end face.
[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of mounting screw holes are circumferentially opened on the first end surface of the mounting portion, and these mounting screw holes are circumferentially staggered with the positioning holes; a plurality of step holes are circumferentially opened on the limiting plate, and these step holes are circumferentially staggered with the first cylindrical hole, and these step holes are aligned one by one with the mounting screw holes; the first fastener is a plurality of screws, each of which passes through the step hole and is screwed into the mounting screw hole to lock the limiting plate on the first end surface.
[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first mounting surface is provided on the first end face of the limiting plate adjacent to the mold body, the first mounting surface is perpendicular to the first cylindrical hole and the step hole, the first mounting surface is in contact with the first mounting surface, and cooperates with the spring to be used for axial limitation of small parts of the stepped shaft to be ground.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spring is a cylindrical compression coil spring, and its stiffness is calculated based on the grinding force, that is, the compression length, of the small stepped shaft part to be ground.
[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spring seat is composed of a first outer circle, a second outer circle and a third outer circle of three different sizes arranged coaxially, wherein the second outer circle is located between the first outer circle and the third outer circle, the first outer circle is installed in the second cylindrical hole in an interference fit manner, the diameter of the second outer circle is larger than the diameter of the first outer circle, a first side step is provided between the second outer circle and the first outer circle, the first side step is in contact with the third end face of the pressing plate adjacent to the second end face of the mold body, and the spring seat is axially limited; the third end face of the pressing plate is in contact with the second end face of the mold body end face contact; the fourth end face of the pressure plate adjacent to the second fastener contacts the second fastener, the third end face and the fourth end face are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the second cylindrical hole; the diameter of the third outer circle is smaller than the diameter of the second outer circle, a second side step is provided between the second outer circle and the third outer circle, the second side step contacts the end face of one end of the spring, and the spring is axially limited; the diameter of the third outer circle is smaller than the diameter of the inner circle of one end of the spring, the inner circle of one end of the spring is anchored on the third outer circle, and the spring is circumferentially positioned.
[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a center hole is provided on the end surface of the third outer circle away from the second outer circle, and the center hole is used to anchor the spring.
[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a locking external thread is provided on the outer periphery of the locking portion, the second fastener is a locking nut, the center of the locking nut has a screw hole, the screw hole is screwed onto the locking external thread, and the pressure plate is locked on the mold body.
[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a shoulder surface is provided between the locking portion and the clamping portion, the shoulder surface being perpendicular to the clamping portion and being used for circumferentially limiting the structural component for efficiently grinding the end faces of small parts of stepped shafts.
[0019] The present invention provides a method for grinding the end surface of a stepped shaft small part, in which the structural component for efficiently grinding the end surface of a stepped shaft small part is used. The method comprises the following steps:
[0020] Step 1, placing a plurality of stepped shaft parts to be ground in the positioning holes of the die body respectively, and making the inner ends of the stepped shaft parts to be ground contact with the other end of the spring located in each positioning hole;
[0021] Step 2, align the first cylindrical hole of the limit plate with the positioning holes on the circumference of the mold body one by one, and align the step holes of the limit plate with the mounting screw holes on the circumference of the mold body one by one, then put the first cylindrical hole of the limit plate on the outer end of the stepped shaft part to be ground, and make the outer end of the stepped shaft part to be ground pass through the first cylindrical hole of the limit plate, then screw through the step hole on the limit plate and screw into the mounting screw hole of the mold body, tighten the screw so that the first mounting surface of the limit plate is tightly fitted with the first end surface of the mold body, and lock the limit plate on the mold body;
[0022] Step 3, place the clamping part of the mold body of the structural component in the grinding chuck of the grinding machine spindle, and make the shoulder surface of the mold body fit tightly with the grinding chuck, start the spindle to start processing, and grind the grinding surface of the stepped shaft part to be ground.
[0023] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0024] 1. Multiple products can be ground in one clamping, which reduces the time of grinding machine downtime waiting for product clamping and loading and unloading, that is, reduces production auxiliary time.
[0025] 2. The time for grinding multiple products at the same time is much shorter than that for grinding each product individually.
[0026] 3. The component has a simple structure and is easy to use and maintain.
[0027] 4. In summary, this structural component can greatly improve the end face processing efficiency of small parts such as stepped shafts and reduce the production costs of enterprises.
[0028] The present invention reduces the time for product clamping and loading and unloading, and can effectively improve the production efficiency of parts processing by grinding a number of parts, such as 10 parts, at a time. The present invention brings good benefits to improving the processing efficiency of end face grinding of small parts such as stepped shafts and reducing the production cost of enterprises. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stepped shaft parts to be ground.
[0031] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the structural assembly for efficiently grinding the end faces of small parts of stepped shafts according to the present invention.
[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Top view of the .
[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 3 AA section view.
[0034] Figure 5 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a processing method for end surface grinding of small stepped shaft parts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below with reference to specific diagrams.
[0036] See also Figure 1 The stepped shaft part 1 to be ground shown in the figure includes coaxially arranged outer circles 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d. The outer circle 1b is located between the outer circle 1a and the outer circle 1c, and the outer circle 1c is located between the outer circle 1b and the outer circle 1d. The diameter of the outer circle 1a is smaller than the inner circle diameter of the other end of the spring 400. The inner circle of the other end of the spring 400 is sleeved on the outer circle 1a to perform circumferential positioning on the stepped shaft part 1 to be ground. A step surface 1e is provided between the outer circle 1a and the outer circle 1b. The end surface of the other end of the spring 400 contacts the step surface 1e to perform axial positioning on the stepped shaft part 1 to be ground. The diameter of the outer circle 1b is larger than the diameter of the outer circle 1a and the diameter of the outer circle 1c and matches the positioning hole 121 in the mounting portion 120 of the mold body 100. A step surface 1f is provided between the outer circle 1b and the outer circle 1c. The step surface 1f contacts the mounting surface 203 (the aforementioned first mounting surface) of the limit plate 200 and cooperates with the spring 400 to axially position the stepped shaft part 1 to be ground.
[0037] The outer circle 1c has a diameter greater than that of the outer circle 1d, and the end surface of the outer circle 1d is the grinding surface 1g. The outer circles 1c and 1d pass through the cylindrical hole 201 (the aforementioned first cylindrical hole) of the limiting plate 200 and the grinding surface 1g is exposed from the limiting plate 200 for easy grinding.
[0038] See also Figures 2 to 5 The figure shows a structural component A for efficiently grinding the end faces of small stepped shaft parts, including a mold body 100, a limit plate 200, a pressure plate 300, 10 springs 400 (of course not limited to 10, it can be other numbers), 10 spring seats 500 (of course not limited to 10, it can be other numbers), a locking nut 600, and 5 screws 700 (of course not limited to 5, it can be other numbers).
[0039] The mold body 100 is composed of a clamping part 110 , a mounting part 120 and a locking part 130 ; the clamping part 110 is a cylinder 111 , and a shoulder surface 112 is provided between the clamping part 110 and the locking part 130 , and the shoulder surface 112 is perpendicular to the clamping part 110 .
[0040] The cylindrical body 111 is used to be clamped in the workpiece chuck 3 of the grinding machine, and the shoulder surface 112 is used for the axial positioning of the structural component A for efficiently grinding the end surface of small parts such as stepped shafts (see Figure 5 ).
[0041] At the installation position 120, there are several (10 in this case) positioning holes 121 with the same diameter as the outer circle 1b of the stepped shaft part 1 to be ground, which are used for circumferential positioning of the processed parts, and several (5 in this case) mounting screw holes 122 are alternately and evenly distributed for locking the limit plate 200.
[0042] At one end of the installation portion 200 adjacent to the limiting plate 200 , there is a mounting surface 123 (the aforementioned first end surface) perpendicular to the cylinder 111 of the clamping portion 110 , which is used to install the limiting plate 200 . The mounting surface 123 is also perpendicular to the cylindrical hole 121 and the mounting screw hole 122 .
[0043] The locking portion 130 has a locking external thread 131 that is larger than the cylinder 111 of the clamping portion 110 and is used to lock the pressure plate 300 . There is also a limiting pressing surface 132 (the aforementioned second end surface) perpendicular to the locking external thread 131 and is used to install the pressure plate 300 .
[0044] Cylindrical holes 201 (or 10 in number) corresponding to the positioning holes 121 on the mounting portion 120 of the mold body 100 are arranged circumferentially on the limiting plate 200, for the outer circles 1c and 1d of the stepped shaft parts 1 to be ground to pass through, exposing the grinding surface 1g.
[0045] The limiting plate 200 is circumferentially arranged with stepped holes 202 corresponding to the mounting screw holes 122 for mounting screws 700; a mounting surface 203 perpendicular to the cylindrical hole 201 and the stepped holes 202 is provided on the side for axial limiting of the part to be ground.
[0046] The limit plate 200 is installed on the mounting part 120 of the mold body 100 by passing the screw 700 through the step hole 202 and screwed into the mounting screw hole 122. The mounting surface 203 of the limit plate 200 is in close contact with the mounting surface 123 of the mounting part 200. At the same time, the mounting surface 203 of the limit plate 200 is in close contact with the step surface 1f of the stepped shaft part 1 to be ground, thereby axially limiting the stepped shaft part 1 to be ground.
[0047] The spring seat 500 is composed of three coaxially arranged outer circles 501 (the aforementioned first outer circle), outer circle 502 (the aforementioned second outer circle), and outer circle 503 (the aforementioned third outer circle) of different sizes. The outer circle 502 is located between the outer circles 501 and 503. The outer circle 501 is slightly larger than the cylindrical hole 302 (the aforementioned second cylindrical hole) on the pressing plate 300. The outer circle 501 is inserted into the cylindrical hole 302 and forms an interference fit therewith. The diameter of the outer circle 502 is larger than the diameter of the outer circle 501. There is a side step 504 (the aforementioned first side step) between the outer circle 502 and the outer circle 501. The side step 504 contacts the end face 303 (the aforementioned third end face) of the end face 132 (the aforementioned second end face) of the mounting portion 120 of the pressing plate 300 adjacent to the mold body 100, and is used for axial positioning of the spring seat 500. The end surface 303 of the pressing plate 300 contacts the end surface 132 of the mounting portion 120 of the mold body 100 .
[0048] The diameter of the outer circle 503 is smaller than the diameter of the outer circle 502. A side step 505 (the aforementioned second side step) is provided between the outer circle 502 and the outer circle 503. The side step 505 contacts the end face of one end of the spring 400 to limit the axial position of the spring 400. The diameter of the outer circle 503 is smaller than the diameter of the inner ring at one end of the spring 400. The inner ring at one end of the spring 400 is anchored on the outer circle 503 to position the spring 400 circumferentially. At the same time, the end face of one end of the spring 400 contacts the side step 505 to limit the axial position of the spring 400. There is a center hole 506 on the end face of the outer circle 503 for riveting the spring 400.
[0049] The spring 400 is a cylindrical compression coil spring, and its stiffness is calculated based on the grinding force and compression length of the product to be ground.
[0050] A hole 301 slightly larger than the locking external thread 131 of the locking portion 130 of the mold body 100 is opened in the center of the pressure plate 300, and cylindrical holes 302 (the aforementioned second cylindrical holes) are arranged circumferentially and aligned one by one with the positioning holes 121 of the mounting portion 120 of the mold body 100 for mounting the spring seat 500; the end faces 303 and 304 (the aforementioned fourth end faces) of the pressure plate 300 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the cylindrical holes 302.
[0051] The locking nut 600 has a screw hole 601 at its center, which matches the locking external thread 131 of the locking portion 130, and has a square or hexagonal structure 602 on its periphery, which is used to tighten the locking nut 600 with a wrench to lock the pressing plate 300 on the end face 132 of the mounting portion 120 of the mold body 100. The locking nut 600 is in close contact with the end face 304 of the pressing plate 300, and the end face 303 of the pressing plate 300 is in close contact with the end face 132 of the mounting portion 120 of the mold body 100.
[0052] When using the above structural components for end face grinding of small stepped shaft parts, refer to Figure 5 , including the following steps:
[0053] Step 1, placing a plurality of stepped shaft parts 1 to be ground in the positioning holes 121 of the mounting portion 120 of the mold body 100, respectively, and making the inner ends of the stepped shaft parts 1 to be ground contact with the other end of the spring 400 located in each positioning hole;
[0054] Step 2, align the cylindrical hole 201 of the limit plate 200 with the positioning hole 121 of the mounting part 120 of the mold body 100 one by one, and align the step hole 202 of the limit plate 200 with the mounting screw hole 122 of the mounting part 120 of the mold body 100 one by one, then put the cylindrical hole 201 of the limit plate 200 on the outer end of the stepped shaft part 1 to be ground, and make the outer end (i.e., outer circle 1c, 1d) of the stepped shaft part 1 to be ground pass through the cylindrical hole 201 of the limit plate 200, then screw 700 through the step hole 202 on the limit plate 200 and screw it into the mounting screw hole 122 of the mounting part 120 of the mold body 100, tighten the screw 700 so that the mounting surface 203 of the limit plate 200 is closely fitted with the mounting surface 123 of the mounting part 120 of the mold body 100, and lock the limit plate 200 on the mold body 100;
[0055] Step 3, place the clamping part 110 of the mold body 100 of the structural component A for efficiently grinding the end surface of small stepped shaft parts in the grinding machine chuck 10 of the grinding machine spindle, and make the shoulder surface 112 of the mold body 100 fit tightly with the grinding machine chuck 10, start the spindle to start processing, and the grinding wheel 20 grinds the grinding surface 1g of the stepped shaft part 1 to be ground.
[0056] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A structural component for efficiently grinding the end faces of small parts of stepped shafts, characterized in that: include: A die body, on which a plurality of positioning holes are opened circumferentially, and these positioning holes are used to load small stepped shaft parts to be ground; A limiting plate is locked on the first end surface of the mold body by a first fastener, and a plurality of first cylindrical holes are opened in the circumferential direction of the limiting plate. The first cylindrical holes are aligned with the positioning holes one by one, and the small stepped shaft parts to be ground inserted into the positioning holes pass through the cylindrical holes so that the parts of the small stepped shaft parts to be ground that need to be ground are exposed from the limiting plate; the limiting plate axially limits the small stepped shaft parts to be ground in the positioning holes; A pressing plate locked on the second end surface of the mold body by a second fastener, wherein a plurality of second cylindrical holes are circumferentially opened on the pressing plate, and the second cylindrical holes are aligned one by one with the positioning holes; A plurality of spring seats, one end of each spring seat is inserted into the second cylindrical hole, and the other end of each spring seat extends into the positioning hole; A plurality of springs, each spring is arranged in a positioning hole, one end of each spring is anchored on the other end of the spring seat, and the other end of each spring contacts the small stepped shaft part to be ground, exerting an axial force on the small stepped shaft part to be ground.
2. A structural assembly for efficiently grinding the end faces of small parts of stepped shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mold body is coaxially provided with an installation part, a locking part and a clamping part, the locking part is located between the clamping part and the installation part, a plurality of positioning holes are circumferentially opened on the installation part, and the installation part has two end faces in the axial direction, wherein the end face adjacent to the limit plate is the first end face, and the end face adjacent to the pressure plate is the second end face; the pressure plate is locked on the locking part by a fastener and fits on the second end face.
3. A structural assembly for efficiently grinding the end faces of small parts of stepped shafts according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of mounting screw holes are circumferentially opened on the first end surface of the mounting portion, and these mounting screw holes are circumferentially staggered with the positioning holes; a plurality of step holes are circumferentially opened on the limiting plate, and these step holes are circumferentially staggered with the first cylindrical hole, and these step holes are aligned one by one with the mounting screw holes; the first fastener is a plurality of screws, each of which passes through the step hole and is screwed into the mounting screw hole to lock the limiting plate on the first end surface.
4. A structural assembly for efficiently grinding the end faces of small parts of stepped shafts according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first mounting surface is provided on the first end face of the limiting plate adjacent to the mold body, the first mounting surface is perpendicular to the first cylindrical hole and the step hole, the first mounting surface contacts the first mounting surface and cooperates with the spring to be used for axial limiting of small stepped shaft parts to be ground.
5. The structural assembly for efficiently grinding the end faces of small parts of stepped shafts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spring is a cylindrical compression coil spring, and its stiffness is calculated based on the grinding force, that is, the compression length, of the small part of the stepped shaft to be ground.
6. The structural assembly for efficiently grinding the end faces of small parts of stepped shafts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The spring seat is composed of a first outer circle, a second outer circle and a third outer circle of three different sizes arranged coaxially, wherein the second outer circle is located between the first outer circle and the third outer circle, the first outer circle is installed in the second cylindrical hole in an interference fit manner, the diameter of the second outer circle is larger than the diameter of the first outer circle, a first side step is arranged between the second outer circle and the first outer circle, the first side step is in contact with the third end face of the pressing plate adjacent to the second end face of the mold body, and the spring seat is axially limited; the third end face of the pressing plate is in contact with the second end face of the mold body; The fourth end face of the pressure plate adjacent to the second fastener contacts the second fastener, the third end face and the fourth end face are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the second cylindrical hole; the diameter of the third outer circle is smaller than the diameter of the second outer circle, a second side step is provided between the second outer circle and the third outer circle, the second side step contacts the end face of one end of the spring, and the spring is axially limited; the diameter of the third outer circle is smaller than the diameter of the inner circle of one end of the spring, the inner circle of one end of the spring is anchored on the third outer circle, and the spring is circumferentially positioned.
7. A structural assembly for efficiently grinding the end faces of small parts of stepped shafts according to claim 6, characterized in that: A center hole is provided on the end surface of the third outer circle away from the second outer circle, and the center hole is used for anchoring the spring.
8. The structural assembly for efficiently grinding the end faces of small parts of stepped shafts according to claim 7, characterized in that: A locking external thread is arranged on the outer periphery of the locking part, the second fastener is a locking nut, the center of the locking nut has a screw hole, the screw hole is screwed on the locking external thread to lock the pressing plate on the mold body.
9. A structural assembly for efficiently grinding the end faces of small parts of stepped shafts according to claim 8, characterized in that: A shoulder surface is arranged between the locking portion and the clamping portion. The shoulder surface is perpendicular to the clamping portion and is used for circumferentially limiting the structural component for efficiently grinding the end surface of small parts of the stepped shaft.
10. A method for grinding the end surface of a stepped shaft small part, wherein the structural assembly for efficiently grinding the end surface of a stepped shaft small part according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, and the method comprises the following steps: Step 1, placing a plurality of stepped shaft parts to be ground in the positioning holes of the die body respectively, and making the inner ends of the stepped shaft parts to be ground contact with the other end of the spring located in each positioning hole; Step 2, align the first cylindrical hole of the limit plate with the positioning holes on the circumference of the mold body one by one, and align the step holes of the limit plate with the mounting screw holes on the circumference of the mold body one by one, then put the first cylindrical hole of the limit plate on the outer end of the stepped shaft part to be ground, and make the outer end of the stepped shaft part to be ground pass through the first cylindrical hole of the limit plate, then screw through the step hole on the limit plate and screw into the mounting screw hole of the mold body, tighten the screw so that the first mounting surface of the limit plate is tightly fitted with the first end surface of the mold body, and lock the limit plate on the mold body; Step 3, place the clamping part of the mold body of the structural component in the grinding chuck of the grinding machine spindle, and make the shoulder surface of the mold body fit tightly with the grinding chuck, start the spindle to start processing, and grind the grinding surface of the stepped shaft part to be ground.
