Top control method for sublevel drilling subsequent filling mining and mining method

Abstract

The invention discloses a top control method for sublevel drilling subsequent filling mining and a mining method. The invention discloses a roof control method for sublevel drilling subsequent filling mining. The roof control method comprises the following steps: segmenting a mining area; a transverse drift roadway is constructed in each section and extends into the top plate, so that an extended roadway is formed in the top plate; a cutting courtyard is constructed in each section; anchor cable holes are constructed between the extended roadway and the cutting courtyard, and anchor cables penetrate into the anchor cable holes; a first bracket is arranged in the extended roadway, one end of the anchor cable is connected with the first bracket, a second bracket is arranged in the cutting courtyard, and the other end of the anchor cable is connected with the second bracket; and pre-tightening force is applied to the anchor cables to reinforce the top plate. The safety of the stope is improved, the working time of the middle section of mining is shortened, and the mining efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and in particular relates to a top control method and a mining method for segmented rock drilling followed by backfilling mining. Background Art

[0002] The first step of mining with segmented rock drilling and subsequent backfilling is to use the open-pit method, that is, backfilling is carried out after the goaf is formed. It combines the advantages of the open-pit method and the backfilling method, which not only ensures the mining efficiency, but also effectively controls the loss and dilution of ore. However, the segmented rock drilling and subsequent backfilling mining has the safety problems of large exposed area of ​​the goaf and high open area of ​​the goaf, so it requires good stability of the ore body and surrounding rock.

[0003] When the stability of the mine rock is poor and joints and fissures are developed, causing roof falls, rock spalling, and collapse in some mining areas, mining operations will be forced to be suspended, seriously affecting normal production tasks. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention is based on the inventor's discovery and understanding of the following facts and problems:

[0005] The inventors realized that in order to improve the safety of mining operations, avoid production accidents, and ensure the smooth progress of mine production tasks, for mines with poor ore rock stability, the segment height and the exposed area of ​​the goaf can only be reduced, which will correspondingly increase the mid-stage mining operation time, increase the mining workload and production costs.

[0006] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0007] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a roof control method for segmented rock drilling followed by backfill mining, which can reinforce the roof and improve the safety of mining operations.

[0008] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a segmented rock drilling and subsequent filling mining method.

[0009] The roof control method for staged rock drilling followed by backfilling mining according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0010] Segment the mining area;

[0011] Constructing a through-vein tunnel in each of the segments and extending it into the roof to form an extended tunnel in the roof;

[0012] Constructing and cutting patios in each of the sections;

[0013] constructing an anchor cable hole between the extended tunnel and the cutting patio, and inserting an anchor cable into the anchor cable hole;

[0014] Arranging a first bracket in the extended tunnel, and connecting one end of the anchor cable to the first bracket, arranging a second bracket in the cutting skylight, and connecting the other end of the anchor cable to the second bracket;

[0015] A pre-tightening force is applied to the anchor cable to reinforce the top plate.

[0016] The embodiment of the present invention strengthens the roof of the mining area to avoid roof collapse, rock collapse and other phenomena in the mining area, improve the safety of the mining area, reduce the operation time in the middle of mining, and improve mining efficiency. After controlling the roof, it helps to increase the height of the mine's segmented mining, solve the current problems of low mining efficiency and poor safety of the mining area roof, and enhance the core competitiveness of mining production.

[0017] In some embodiments, the step of constructing an anchor hole between the extended tunnel and the cutting rise includes:

[0018] Obtaining the size of the open space in the mining area and the surrounding rock performance parameters between the extended tunnel and the cutting shaft;

[0019] According to the size of the mining area and the surrounding rock performance parameters, evaluate the roof stability at the corresponding position;

[0020] Determine the number, distribution points and pre-tightening force of anchor holes;

[0021] The anchor cable hole is constructed, and the anchor cable, the first bracket and the second bracket are prepared.

[0022] In some embodiments, the number of the first bracket is at least one, and the number of the second bracket is plural.

[0023] In some embodiments, the first bracket is a monolithic concrete bracket;

[0024] And / or, the second bracket is a split steel bracket.

[0025] In some embodiments, at least one of the first brackets, a plurality of the second brackets and a plurality of the anchor cables form a top control assembly, and the top control assembly is disposed between two adjacent vein-penetrating tunnels.

[0026] In some embodiments, a plurality of anchor cables in the same top control assembly are arranged in a fan shape.

[0027] In some embodiments, the distance between the first bracket and the top plate is not less than a first threshold.

[0028] In some embodiments, the cutting shaft is arranged in the center of the mining area of ​​each segment.

[0029] In some embodiments, the top plate and the cutting skylight are both arranged at an incline.

[0030] The segmented rock drilling and subsequent filling mining method of the embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0031] Determine the initial safe span and initial segment height of the mining area based on the exposed surrounding rock characteristics;

[0032] Obtaining performance parameters of a roof reinforced with a roof control method having the same characteristics as the exposed surrounding rock, wherein the roof control method is the roof control method of segmented rock drilling followed by backfill mining as described in any of the above embodiments;

[0033] Increase the initial safety span and initial segment height, and obtain the actual safety span and actual segment height;

[0034] Carry out roof reinforcement construction;

[0035] Carry out mining operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for controlling a top of a rock by drilling a rock and then backfilling a rock according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the mining area for segmented rock drilling followed by backfilling in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the AA direction.

[0039] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the top control assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic side view of .

[0041] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Schematic top view of .

[0042] Reference numerals:

[0043] 1. Through the vein tunnel;

[0044] 2. Extend the laneway;

[0045] 3. Cutting the patio;

[0046] 4. Top control assembly; 41. First bracket; 42. Second bracket; 43. Anchor cable;

[0047] 5. Mining area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0049] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the top control method of segmented rock drilling followed by backfilling mining according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0050] S101, segment the mining area 5.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present invention, the segmented rock drilling and subsequent filling mining method is adopted for mining, which combines the advantages of the open-field method and the filling method, can not only ensure the mining efficiency, but also effectively control the ore loss and depletion. By reasonably segmenting the mining area, the mining efficiency can be improved, the mining workload can be reduced, and the safety of the operation can be guaranteed.

[0052] S102, constructing a through-vein tunnel 1 in each segment and extending it into the roof to form an extended tunnel 2 in the roof.

[0053] The extended tunnel extending into the roof can provide sufficient operating space to facilitate the subsequent drilling of anchor holes, arrangement of anchors and construction of brackets, and can select reasonable arrangement points in the extended tunnel, so that the reinforced force system composed of anchors and brackets is more reasonably arranged and more stably stressed.

[0054] S103, construct and cut the patio 3 in each segment.

[0055] The arrangement of the cutting shaft facilitates the subsequent mining operations in the mining area on the one hand, and can also provide sufficient operating space for the subsequent drilling of anchor holes, the arrangement of anchor cables and the construction of brackets on the other hand, so that the brackets arranged in the extended tunnel and the brackets arranged in the cutting shaft are connected by anchor cables, and a reinforced force system is formed to achieve top control.

[0056] S104, constructing an anchor hole between the extended tunnel 2 and the cutting skylight 3, and inserting an anchor cable 43 into the anchor hole.

[0057] In the specific construction process, since the extended tunnel is a roughly horizontal tunnel, it is convenient for the layout and construction of equipment. Therefore, by arranging the drilling equipment in the extended tunnel, determining the layout position of the bracket in the extended tunnel and the cutting shaft, as well as the orientation of the anchor holes, etc., the anchor holes are then constructed.

[0058] After completing the construction of the anchor holes, insert the anchor cables into the anchor holes one by one.

[0059] S105 , arrange a first bracket 41 in the extended tunnel, and connect one end of the anchor cable 43 to the first bracket 41 ; arrange a second bracket in the cutting skylight, and connect the other end of the anchor cable 43 to the second bracket 42 .

[0060] When arranging the first bracket and the second bracket, first arrange the first bracket in the extended tunnel, and connect one end of the anchor cable to the first bracket, and then arrange the second bracket in the cutting skylight. After the second bracket is connected to the anchor cable, the anchor cable can exert a pulling force on the second bracket to reduce the construction difficulty of the second bracket and improve the safety of the operation.

[0061] S106: Apply pre-tightening force to the anchor cable 43 to reinforce the top plate.

[0062] After the anchor cable is connected to the first bracket and the second bracket, in order to achieve the purpose of reinforcing the top plate, it is necessary to apply a pre-tightening force to the anchor cable, and use the first bracket and the second bracket to reinforce the surrounding rock between them to achieve the purpose of controlling the top.

[0063] In the embodiment of the present invention, when the stability of the surrounding rock is relatively poor, the roof is reinforced to achieve the purpose of controlling the roof, thereby increasing the height of segmented mining and improving mining efficiency and safety. By reinforcing the roof of the mining area, roof falls, rock collapse and other phenomena can be avoided in the mining area, the safety of the mining area can be improved, the operation time in the middle of mining can be reduced, and the mining efficiency can be improved. After controlling the roof, it is helpful to increase the height of segmented mining in the mine, solve the current problems of low mining efficiency and poor safety of the roof of the mining area, and enhance the core competitiveness of mining production.

[0064] In some embodiments, the step of constructing an anchor hole between the extended tunnel 2 and the cutting rise 3 includes:

[0065] S201, obtaining the size of the open space in the mining area and the surrounding rock performance parameters between the extended tunnel 2 and the cutting shaft 3.

[0066] When arranging the reinforcement force system consisting of the first bracket, the second bracket and the anchor cable, it is necessary to determine the parameters based on the designed open space size of the mining area, the height of the segmented mining, the surrounding rock properties between the extended tunnel and the cutting shaft, so as to more reasonably determine the number, position, size, structural performance, etc. of each component in the reinforcement force system, and thus achieve the purpose of top control.

[0067] S202. Evaluate the roof stability at the corresponding location based on the size of the mining area void and the surrounding rock performance parameters.

[0068] It should be understood that the purpose of evaluating the stability of the roof is to determine the size of the open space in the mining area, the structure and position of each component of the reinforced force system, so as to facilitate the construction of the reinforced force system in a targeted and purposeful manner and meet the requirements of segmented drilling and subsequent backfill mining.

[0069] Specifically, the surrounding rock performance parameters can be judged based on the fragmentation level of the exposed rock formation.

[0070] S203. Determine the number, distribution points and pre-tightening force of the anchor holes.

[0071] After knowing the performance of the roof surrounding rock, we can better formulate the layout strategy of the reinforced force system, for example, determine the distribution of anchor holes, the number of anchor holes, and the size of the preload on each anchor.

[0072] Of course, it is also necessary to determine the type of anchor cable, the structure and size of the first bracket and the second bracket, etc., so that they can meet the force requirements.

[0073] S204, construct anchor cable holes, and prepare anchor cables 43, first brackets 41, and second brackets 42.

[0074] like Figures 4 to 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the number of the first bracket 41 is at least one, and the number of the second bracket 42 is plural.

[0075] It should be understood that the reinforced force system is reinforced by area. Therefore, the number of first brackets and second brackets is determined according to the size of each preset area. For example, there is one first bracket, multiple second brackets, and multiple anchor cables. The first ends of the multiple anchor cables are connected to the same first bracket, and the second ends of the multiple anchor cables are respectively connected to different second brackets. By controlling the directions of different anchor cables, the multiple second brackets can be more reasonably distributed, and the top control is achieved through the pulling effect of the anchor cables on the second brackets.

[0076] Furthermore, the plurality of second brackets 42 may be arranged relatively independently, or may be connected together to eventually form a whole.

[0077] Furthermore, the first bracket 41 is an integral concrete bracket; since the extended tunnel is a nearly horizontal tunnel and is convenient for construction operations, the first bracket 41 is used to pull the second bracket 42, and multiple anchor cables are often arranged on one first bracket 41. Therefore, an integral concrete bracket is used and formed by casting reinforced concrete, which has better load-bearing effect and stability, and also avoids the transportation of large-volume components in the tunnel.

[0078] The second bracket 42 of the embodiment of the present invention is a split steel bracket, which is convenient for transportation and installation, and is also convenient for being connected to the anchor cable as a whole, thereby improving the stability of the overall structure and the top control effect.

[0079] In some embodiments, at least one first bracket 41 , a plurality of second brackets 42 and a plurality of anchor cables 43 form a roof control assembly 4 , and a roof control assembly 4 is disposed between two adjacent vein tunnels 1 .

[0080] In the embodiment of the present invention, each top control component is used to control the top and reinforce the corresponding area, and construction work is carried out one by one. Construction work can be carried out in multiple areas at the same time, and standardized operations can be formed. It is more practical and avoids the problems of inconsistent construction quality and large differences in top control effects in different areas. It is also more convenient for construction work in underground tunnels and improves construction efficiency.

[0081] Furthermore, multiple anchor cables in the same top control assembly are arranged in a fan shape.

[0082] By arranging the anchor cables reasonably, the consistency of surrounding rock reinforcement in the corresponding area can be better guaranteed, and the number of first brackets can be reduced, thereby reducing the construction workload.

[0083] In some embodiments, the distance between the first bracket 41 and the roof is not less than the first threshold. It is understandable that the distance between the first bracket and the port of the extended tunnel is not less than the first threshold, which can more reasonably plan the inclination angles of multiple anchor cables, avoid too small angles between the anchor cables, improve the uniformity of the reinforcement force of the top control assembly on the roof, increase the area of ​​the anchor cable passing through, and can rely on more stable rock formations to arrange the first bracket, thereby improving the overall stability of the top control assembly.

[0084] The first threshold value can be several meters, more than ten meters, or tens of meters, and can be reasonably selected according to the segmented mining height and the stability of the surrounding rock.

[0085] In some embodiments, the cutting rise 3 is arranged at the center of each segmented mining area, and the roof and the cutting rise are arranged at an inclination. The arrangement position of the cutting rise can better take into account the stability of the roof of the entire segment, and the inclined arrangement of the roof and the cutting rise is determined according to the construction process of the segmented rock drilling and subsequent backfill mining and the distribution of the ore layer.

[0086] The segmented rock drilling and subsequent filling mining method of the embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0087] S301. Determine the initial safety span and initial segment height of the mining area based on the exposed surrounding rock characteristics.

[0088] Exposing the surrounding rock characteristics can reflect the stability of the surrounding rock. Combined with theoretical analysis and research, the initial safety span and initial segment height of the mining area can be preliminarily determined. If the top is not controlled, mining needs to be carried out based on the initial safety span and initial segment height, and the mining efficiency will be affected. If the initial segment height is blindly increased, the safety of mining will be affected.

[0089] S302, obtaining performance parameters of a roof reinforced with the same characteristics as the exposed surrounding rock by using a roof control method, wherein the roof control method is a roof control method for segmented rock drilling followed by backfill mining in any of the above embodiments.

[0090] The embodiment of the present invention determines the performance parameters after top plate reinforcement and top control of the exposed surrounding rock characteristics through simulation, experiment and other means, and then determines a new safe span and segment height based on the performance parameters after top control, so as to improve mining efficiency and construction safety.

[0091] The changes in surrounding rock properties after top control reinforcement can be obtained through theoretical calculation and analysis or through simulation tests.

[0092] S303: Increase the initial safety span and initial segment height, and obtain the actual safety span and actual segment height.

[0093] After obtaining data support, the initial safety span and initial segment height can be increased to facilitate construction work using the newly acquired actual safety span and actual segment height.

[0094] S304, carry out roof reinforcement construction, use the roof control method of segmented rock drilling and subsequent backfill mining to reinforce the roof and improve the stability of the roof.

[0095] S305, implement mining operations. After the top control is completed, normal mining operations are carried out.

[0096] The embodiment of the present invention increases the mining height of the mine segment, solves the current problems of low mining efficiency and poor roof safety in the mining area, and enhances the core competitiveness of mining production. The embodiment of the present invention has the characteristics of strong feasibility, matching mining technology, and economic rationality.

[0097] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0098] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0099] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0100] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0101] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0102] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the top of a rock by segmented rock drilling followed by backfilling, characterized in that: include: Segment the mining area; Constructing a through-vein tunnel in each of the segments and extending it into the roof to form an extended tunnel in the roof; Constructing and cutting patios in each of the sections; constructing an anchor cable hole between the extended tunnel and the cutting patio, and inserting an anchor cable into the anchor cable hole; Arranging a first bracket in the extended tunnel, and connecting one end of the anchor cable to the first bracket, arranging a second bracket in the cutting skylight, and connecting the other end of the anchor cable to the second bracket; A pre-tightening force is applied to the anchor cable to reinforce the top plate.

2. The method for controlling the top of a mine by staged rock drilling followed by backfilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of constructing an anchor hole between the extended roadway and the cutting patio comprises: Obtaining the size of the open space in the mining area and the surrounding rock performance parameters between the extended tunnel and the cutting shaft; According to the size of the mining area and the surrounding rock performance parameters, evaluate the roof stability at the corresponding position; Determine the number, distribution points and pre-tightening force of anchor holes; The anchor cable hole is constructed, and the anchor cable, the first bracket and the second bracket are prepared.

3. The method for controlling the top of a mine by staged rock drilling followed by backfilling according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The number of the first bracket is at least one, and the number of the second bracket is plural.

4. The method for controlling the top of a mine by staged rock drilling followed by backfilling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first bracket is an integral concrete bracket; And / or, the second bracket is a split steel bracket.

5. The method for controlling the top of a mine by staged rock drilling followed by backfilling according to claim 3, characterized in that: At least one of the first brackets, a plurality of the second brackets and a plurality of the anchor cables form a top control assembly, and the top control assembly is disposed between two adjacent vein-penetrating tunnels.

6. The method for controlling the top of a mine by staged rock drilling followed by backfilling according to claim 5, characterized in that: The plurality of anchor cables in the same top control assembly are arranged in a fan shape.

7. The method for controlling the top of a mining machine by staged rock drilling followed by backfilling according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The distance between the first bracket and the top plate is not less than a first threshold.

8. The method for controlling the top of a mine by staged rock drilling followed by backfilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting shaft is arranged in the center of the mining area of ​​each segment.

9. The method for controlling the top of a mine by staged rock drilling followed by backfilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top plate and the cutting skylight are both arranged in an inclined manner.

10. A method of mining by segmented rock drilling followed by backfilling, characterized in that: include: Determine the initial safe span and initial segment height of the mining area based on the exposed surrounding rock characteristics; Obtaining performance parameters of a roof reinforced with the same characteristics as the exposed surrounding rock using a roof control method, wherein the roof control method is a roof control method for segmented rock drilling followed by backfill mining as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; Increase the initial safety span and initial segment height, and obtain the actual safety span and actual segment height; Carry out roof reinforcement construction; Carry out mining operations.

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