Fin type roadway surrounding rock fast-assembly anchor rod without anchoring agent and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an anchoring-agent-free fin type roadway surrounding rock fast-assembly anchor rod and a construction method, and relates to the technical field of coal mine underground roadway tunneling and safe mining. The quick-mounting anchor rod comprises an anchoring-agent-free fin type quick-mounting anchor rod body, a fin mounting groove, anchor rod fins, a telescopic rotating shaft, an anchor rod tray and a pre-tightening nut. The construction method comprises the steps that drilling is conducted, the fin type anchor rod is installed in a roadway rock mass, an anchoring agent does not need to serve as an end fixing material, the fin type anchor rod and drilling surrounding rock can form an organic whole only through a fin mechanical structure of the fin type anchor rod, and therefore the purpose of anchoring of the anchor rod without the anchoring agent is achieved. The purpose of pre-tightening the anchor rod is achieved by applying torque to the nut end through the anchor rod fins on the inner side of the anchor rod, the anchor rod tray on the outer side of the anchor rod and the pre-tightening nut, the intelligent mine roadway tunneling efficiency is effectively improved, the mine roadway tunneling speed is increased, and the method has important significance on unmanned and intelligent mine roadway tunneling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunneling and safe mining in underground coal mines, and in particular to a construction method of a fin-type tunnel surrounding rock quick-installation anchor rod without anchoring agent for tunnel surrounding rock support in a fast tunneling tunnel. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the demand for mineral resources has continued to increase, which has promoted the development of rapid excavation technology. In order to gain an advantage in the fierce market competition, mining companies are constantly seeking ways to improve production efficiency, and rapid excavation technology has therefore received attention. Traditional tunnel excavation methods often have safety risks, and rapid excavation technology can reduce these risks to a certain extent. Environmental protection requirements are becoming increasingly stringent, and rapid excavation technology can reduce damage to the environment and meet the requirements of sustainable development. Traditional excavation methods are often accompanied by high safety risks. Rapid excavation technology reduces the possibility of accidents by reducing manual work, improves the working environment, and reduces the time workers are exposed to harmful environments, which is beneficial to occupational health. In addition, many countries and regions have introduced relevant policies to encourage the use of environmentally friendly and efficient excavation technologies.

[0003] Modern tunnel boring machines are usually equipped with advanced automation systems that enable remote control and automatic navigation, reducing the need for manual operation. However, fast tunneling equipment is often expensive, and companies need to conduct a detailed cost-benefit analysis to evaluate their return on investment. In addition to the cost of equipment acquisition, maintenance and operating costs also need to be considered, especially repair costs in the event of equipment failure. In order to improve the reliability and durability of equipment and simplify the construction process of tunnel bolt cable support, it is key to simplify the automated intelligent equipment and its related supporting components.

[0004] Normally, the specific process of anchor support for tunnel surrounding rock is: drilling → taking out the drill → putting in anchor → putting in anchor → pushing the anchor to the end → puncturing the anchor packaging bag → waiting for solidification → installing the matching steel belt tray nut, a total of eight processes, most of which are spent on drilling and waiting for solidification, accounting for about 80% of the total time, of which drilling accounts for about 60% and waiting for solidification accounts for about 20%. If the time for puncturing the anchor and waiting for solidification is omitted, the construction time of the entire tunnel section can be reduced by 17%. Assuming that the total length of a tunnel is about 4000m and the daily excavation is 30m, it originally takes about 133 days to complete the construction. Summary of the invention

[0005] Technical problem: The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, provide a construction method for anchor-free fish-fin type tunnel surrounding rock quick-install anchor rods, simplify the tunnel anchor cable support construction process, increase the tunnel excavation speed of the working face, reduce the excavation support costs related to mining, improve the production efficiency of the mine working face, and accelerate the progress of unmanned and intelligent modern mines.

[0006] Technical solution: The present invention discloses an anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor for tunnel surrounding rock, comprising an anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body arranged in the drilled rock body, an anchor tray arranged in the exposed section of the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body, and a pre-tightening nut for fixing the anchor tray to the drilled hole mouth, wherein a plurality of fin mounting grooves are arranged on the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body at intervals, each fin mounting groove is respectively provided with an anchor fin with a center hole, a retractable shaft fixing hole corresponding to the position of the center hole of the anchor fin is opened in the fin mounting groove, and a retractable shaft for fixing the anchor fin to the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body is arranged in the retractable shaft fixing hole.

[0007] The front part of the anchor rod fin is round, and the tail part is extended in a flame sawtooth shape.

[0008] The fin installation groove is a trapezoidal groove with a small bottom and a large opening.

[0009] The diameter d of the rod body of the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod is 20 to 30 mm.

[0010] The length of the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body is l 1 =2~3.5m.

[0011] The drilling hole depth of the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body is l 2 = l 1 -0.2m.

[0012] The plurality of fin installation grooves spaced apart on the rod body of the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod are arranged symmetrically up and down, or cross-arranged up and down.

[0013] The retractable rotating shaft is a cylindrical retractable rotating shaft, so as to facilitate the installation of the anchor rod fin.

[0014] The construction method of the above-mentioned anchor-free fin-type tunnel surrounding rock quick-install anchor rod includes construction drilling, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0015] a. Install the fin-type anchor: insert the retractable shaft through the central hole of the anchor fin in the several fin installation slots spaced apart on the rod body of the fin-type quick-install anchor without anchoring agent, and fix it in the retractable shaft fixing hole of the anchor fin installation slot. The retractable shaft fixes and controls the rotation of the anchor fin, and the serrated end of the anchor fin faces the tray and nut at the tail of the anchor;

[0016] b. Drilling: Drill holes in the surrounding rock using a drill rod at the set location through manual construction, integrated anchor boring machine or tunnel support robot, and remove the drill rod after drilling is completed;

[0017] c. Place the fin-type anchor rod: Place the fin-type anchor rod into the bottom of the hole through manual construction, integrated anchor digging machine or tunnel support robot;

[0018] d. Insert the fins: Quickly pull back the fin-type anchor rod sent to the bottom of the hole, so that the tail teeth of the anchor rod fins are stuck on the rock mass of the borehole wall under the action of inertia;

[0019] e. Apply preload: Fix the nut and tray at the exposed end of the anchor rod, and use a torque wrench to apply torque to the nut to make the fin-type anchor rod generate support preload. During the process of applying preload, the anchor rod fins will continuously invade the hole wall. The interaction between the anchor rod fins invading the drilled rock mass generates anchor preload, achieving the effect of rapid preload support.

[0020] According to different mining construction conditions and tunnel surrounding rock support needs, end anchoring and full-length anchoring support forms are designed, and the anchoring effect is adjusted and controlled by setting the fin installation groove in the rod body of the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor, the number, length and spacing of the anchor fins and the retractable shaft.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The present invention makes full use of the characteristics of the anchor fins that can be inserted into the borehole wall, and uses a rotating shaft structure so that the rod body can be smoothly extended into the bottom of the borehole without getting stuck; because the fin-type anchor rod uses an anchoring method without anchoring agent, after eliminating the relevant anchoring agent steps, the construction time of the entire tunnel section is about 110 man-hours, which reduces the construction volume by nearly one month. On the one hand, it can reduce one month's personnel and other related expenses, and on the other hand, it reduces the related supporting equipment of the automation equipment, thereby simplifying the tunnel anchor cable support construction process and greatly improving the reliability and durability of the equipment; and it also increases the tunnel excavation speed, speeds up the production of the working face, makes the overall capital turnover of the mine faster, and simultaneously improves the economic benefits of the mine. The main advantages are: greatly speeding up the efficiency of tunnel support, reducing the tunnel surrounding rock support time by more than 15%, simplifying the tunnel anchor cable support construction process, and improving the reliability and durability of the equipment. Compared with the existing technology, it improves the tunnel excavation speed, speeds up the production of the working face, makes the overall capital turnover of the mine faster, and simultaneously improves the economic benefits of the mine. It can effectively improve the efficiency of intelligent mine tunnel excavation and increase the speed of mine tunnel excavation. It is one of the necessary measures to achieve high efficiency and high productivity of mines. It is of great significance for the unmanned and intelligent excavation of mine tunnels. It has novel structure, convenient operation, safe and reliable use, economical and practical, and has wide practicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a disassembled diagram of the anchor rod as a whole and all accessories of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of supporting the anchor rod of the present invention in the surrounding rock.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the state of the anchor rod fins when the anchor rod of the present invention is extended into the drill hole.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the state of the anchor fins when the anchor is inserted into the drill hole.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a side view of the fin position section of the anchor rod of the present invention after installation.

[0027] In the figure: 1-anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body; 2-fin mounting groove; 3-anchor fin; 4-retractable shaft; 5-anchor tray; 6-pre-tightening nut; 7-drilled rock mass. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments in the accompanying drawings:

[0029] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor for tunnel surrounding rock of the present invention comprises an anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1) arranged in the drilled rock mass (7), an anchor rod tray (5) arranged in the exposed section of the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1), and a pre-tightening nut (6) for fixing the anchor rod tray (5) to the borehole opening, characterized in that: a plurality of fin mounting grooves (2) are arranged on the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1) at intervals, each fin mounting groove (2) is respectively provided with an anchor rod fin (3) with a central hole, and the fin mounting groove (2) is a trapezoidal groove with a small bottom and a large opening; the front part of the anchor rod fin (3) is circular, and the tail part extends in a flame-like serrated shape. The fin mounting groove (2) is provided with a retractable shaft fixing hole corresponding to the central hole position of the anchor fin (3), and the retractable shaft fixing hole is provided with a retractable shaft (4) for fixing the anchor fin (3) to the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1). The diameter d of the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1) is 20 to 30 mm. The length l of the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1) is 1. 1 =2-3.5m. The drilling depth of the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1) is l 2 = l 1 -0.2m. The plurality of fin installation grooves (2) spaced apart on the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1) are arranged symmetrically up and down, or cross-arranged up and down. The retractable shaft (4) is a cylindrical retractable shaft to facilitate the installation of the anchor rod fin (3).

[0030] The construction method of the anchor-free fin-type tunnel surrounding rock quick-install anchor rod of the present invention includes construction drilling, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0031] a. Installing the fin-type anchor rod: insert the retractable shaft (4) through the central hole of the anchor rod fin (3) in the plurality of fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1) spaced apart, and fix it in the retractable shaft fixing hole of the anchor rod fin-type quick-install anchor rod. The retractable shaft (4) fixes and controls the rotation of the anchor rod fin (3), and the serrated end of the anchor rod fin (3) faces the tray (5) and nut (6) at the tail of the anchor rod;

[0032] b. Drilling: Drill holes in the surrounding rock using a drill rod at the set location through manual construction, integrated anchor boring machine or tunnel support robot, and remove the drill rod after drilling is completed;

[0033] c. Place the fin-type anchor rod: Place the fin-type anchor rod into the bottom of the hole through manual construction, integrated anchor digging machine or tunnel support robot;

[0034] d. Attach the fins: The fin-type anchor rod sent to the bottom of the hole is quickly withdrawn, so that the tail teeth of the anchor fin (3) are stuck on the rock mass (7) of the borehole wall under the action of inertia;

[0035] e. Applying pre-tightening force: Fix the nut (6) and the tray (5) at the exposed end of the anchor rod, and use a torque wrench to apply torque to the nut so that the fin-type anchor rod generates a supporting pre-tightening force. During the process of applying the pre-tightening force, the anchor rod fins (3) will continuously penetrate into the hole wall, and the anchor rod pre-tightening force is generated by the interaction between the anchor rod fins (3) and the bored rock mass (7), thereby achieving a rapid pre-tightening force support effect.

[0036] According to different mining construction conditions and tunnel surrounding rock support requirements, end anchoring and full-length anchoring support forms are designed, and the anchoring effect is adjusted and controlled by setting the number, length and spacing of the fin installation groove (2) in the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1), the anchor rod fins (3) and the retractable rotating shaft (4).

Claims

1. An anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor bolt for tunnel surrounding rock, comprising an anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor bolt body (1) arranged in a drilled rock mass (7), an anchor bolt tray (5) arranged at an exposed section of the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor bolt body (1), and a pre-tightening nut (6) for fixing the anchor bolt tray (5) to the drilled hole, characterized in that: The anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1) is provided with a plurality of fin installation grooves (2) at intervals, each fin installation groove (2) is provided with an anchor fin (3) with a central hole, the fin installation groove (2) is provided with a retractable shaft fixing hole corresponding to the position of the central hole of the anchor fin (3), and the retractable shaft fixing hole is provided with a retractable shaft (4) for fixing the anchor fin (3) to the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1).

2. The anchor-free fin-type tunnel surrounding rock quick-install anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front part of the anchor rod fin piece (3) is circular, and the tail part extends in a flame sawtooth shape.

3. The anchor-free fin-type tunnel surrounding rock quick-install anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fin mounting groove (2) is a trapezoidal groove with a small bottom and a large opening.

4. The anchor-free fin-type tunnel surrounding rock quick-install anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter d of the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1) is 20 to 30 mm.

5. The anchor-free fin-type tunnel surrounding rock quick-installation anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length l1 of the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1) is 2 to 3.5 m.

6. The anchor-free fin-type tunnel surrounding rock quick-install anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling hole depth of the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1) is l2=l1-0.2m.

7. The anchor-free fin-type tunnel surrounding rock quick-install anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of fin installation grooves (2) spaced apart on the rod body (1) of the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod are arranged symmetrically up and down, or cross-arranged up and down.

8. The anchor-free fin-type tunnel surrounding rock quick-installation anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The retractable rotating shaft (4) is a cylindrical retractable rotating shaft to facilitate the installation of the anchor rod fin (3).

9. A construction method using the anchor-free fin-type tunnel surrounding rock quick-install anchor rod according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising construction drilling, characterized in that: a. Installing the fin-type anchor rod: insert the retractable shaft (4) through the central hole of the anchor rod fin (3) in the plurality of fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1) spaced apart, and fix it in the retractable shaft fixing hole of the anchor rod fin-type quick-install anchor rod. The retractable shaft (4) fixes and controls the rotation of the anchor rod fin (3), and the serrated end of the anchor rod fin (3) faces the tray (5) and nut (6) at the tail of the anchor rod; b. Drilling: Drill holes in the surrounding rock using a drill rod at the set location through manual construction, integrated anchor boring machine or tunnel support robot, and remove the drill rod after drilling is completed; c. Place the fin-type anchor rod: Place the fin-type anchor rod into the bottom of the hole through manual construction, integrated anchor digging machine or tunnel support robot; d. Attach the fins: The fin-type anchor rod sent to the bottom of the hole is quickly withdrawn, so that the tail teeth of the anchor fin (3) are stuck on the rock mass (7) of the borehole wall under the action of inertia; e. Applying pre-tightening force: Fix the nut (6) and the tray (5) at the exposed end of the anchor rod, and use a torque wrench to apply torque to the nut so that the fin-type anchor rod generates a supporting pre-tightening force. During the process of applying the pre-tightening force, the anchor rod fins (3) will continuously penetrate into the hole wall, and the anchor rod pre-tightening force is generated by the interaction between the anchor rod fins (3) and the bored rock mass (7), thereby achieving a rapid pre-tightening force support effect.

10. A construction method for a non-anchoring agent fin-type tunnel surrounding rock quick-installation anchor rod according to claim 9, characterized in that: According to different mining construction conditions and tunnel surrounding rock support requirements, end anchoring and full-length anchoring support forms are designed, and the anchoring effect is adjusted and controlled by setting the number, length and spacing of the fin installation groove (2) in the anchor-free fin-type quick-install anchor rod body (1), the anchor rod fins (3) and the retractable rotating shaft (4).

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