Visual multifunctional simulation device for bridge pier impacted by debris flow and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a visual debris flow impact pier multifunctional simulation device and a use method thereof. The device comprises a pier device, a monitoring device, a water tank and a support for supporting the water tank. The water tank comprises a storage tank bottom plate, an inclined tank I bottom plate, an inclined tank II bottom plate, a waste recovery tank bottom plate and side plates installed on the two sides of each bottom plate. The storage tank bottom plate, the inclined tank I bottom plate, the inclined tank II bottom plate and the waste recovery tank bottom plate are movably connected in sequence, and the side, away from other bottom plates, of the storage tank bottom plate is also provided with a side plate used for blocking debris flow. The support comprises a common support and a hydraulic lifting support, and the inclination angle of a bottom plate of the inclined groove II is adjusted through the hydraulic support. The monitoring device is used for monitoring the whole process that debris flow released from the bottom plate impacts the pier arranged on the bottom plate of the inclined groove II. The whole impact process is visualized through the transparent water tank and the debris flow, and the whole evolution process of the debris flow impact engineering structure under different gradients is simulated by adjusting the gradients.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster simulation tests, and in particular to a multifunctional simulation device for visualizing debris flow impacting a bridge pier and a method for using the device. Background Art

[0002] As one of the common natural disasters, debris flow is destructive mainly due to its high density and high speed, which often poses a great threat to engineering facilities such as bridges in mountainous areas. Indoor model tests have the advantages of being intuitive and reliable, and can more realistically reflect the process and characteristics of debris flow impacting bridge piers, which is one of the indispensable means in debris flow research. However, existing model tests often lack real-time and visual measurement technology, which largely limits the in-depth study of debris flow flow characteristics and impact effects.

[0003] Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a modern optical velocimetry technology that has been widely used in the field of fluid mechanics due to its advantages such as non-contact, high resolution and full-field measurement. Using PIV technology to study debris flow impact on bridge piers can comprehensively and efficiently obtain the velocity field information of debris flow flow field, thereby more accurately describing the movement law of debris flow and its impact force on bridge piers. However, the opacity of debris flow makes it difficult to directly apply traditional PIV technology to the study of debris flow impact on bridge piers.

[0004] Therefore, designing a multifunctional visualization simulation device for debris flow impacting bridge piers and its use method can provide a theoretical basis and experimental support for the impact resistance design of bridges, and also help to develop and improve the prevention and mitigation technologies of debris flow disasters. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional simulation device for visualizing debris flow impacting bridge piers, comprising a bridge pier device, a monitoring device, a water tank and a bracket for supporting the water tank.

[0006] The water trough comprises a material storage trough bottom plate, an inclined trough I bottom plate, an inclined trough II bottom plate, a waste recovery trough bottom plate and side plates.

[0007] The side panels are fixedly mounted on both sides of each bottom panel.

[0008] The material storage tank bottom plate, the inclined tank I bottom plate, the inclined tank II bottom plate and the waste recovery tank bottom plate are movably connected in sequence.

[0009] A side plate is also provided on the side of the storage tank bottom plate away from the waste recovery tank bottom plate for blocking mud and rock flows.

[0010] The bracket includes a common bracket and a hydraulic lifting bracket.

[0011] The bottom plate of the material storage tank and the bottom plate of the waste recovery tank are supported by a plurality of common brackets.

[0012] The connection position between the bottom plate of the inclined trough I and the bottom plate of the inclined trough II and the bottom plate of the inclined trough II are supported by a plurality of hydraulic lifting brackets.

[0013] The pier device is arranged on the bottom plate of the inclined trough II.

[0014] The pier device comprises a pier base placement groove, a pier cross-sectional shape conversion device, a pier body and a pier cap.

[0015] The pier base placement groove is fixedly installed on the bottom plate of the inclined groove II. A pier cross-section shape conversion device is provided on the pier base placement groove.

[0016] The pier body is inserted into the pier cross-section shape conversion device to fix the pier body, and the other end is inserted into the pier cap.

[0017] The monitoring device comprises a force sensor bracket, a force sensor and a dynamic signal collector connected to the force sensor.

[0018] The force sensor bracket is a T-shaped rod, including a vertical rod and a horizontal rod, which is installed on the pier base placement groove. The vertical rod and the horizontal rod are provided with a plurality of through holes at intervals for fixing the force sensor.

[0019] The force sensor is connected to the sensor element arranged on the pier cross-section shape conversion device and the pier cap, and is used to realize data collection of the force exerted by the debris flow on the pier.

[0020] The debris flow is released from the bottom plate of the storage tank.

[0021] Furthermore, the bottom plate of the inclined trough I is a variable-section trapezoidal plate, the long side of which is connected to the bottom plate of the material storage trough, and the short side of which is connected to the bottom plate of the inclined trough II.

[0022] Furthermore, the storage tank bottom plate, the inclined tank I bottom plate, the inclined tank II bottom plate and the waste recovery tank bottom plate are connected in sequence by hinges.

[0023] Furthermore, a groove I is provided on the surface of the bottom plate of the material storage trough near the bottom plate of the inclined trough I, and a baffle is inserted into the groove I.

[0024] Removing the baffle releases the debris flow.

[0025] Furthermore, the angle between the bottom plate of the inclined trough II and the bottom plate of the waste recovery trough is changed by adjusting the height of the hydraulic lifting bracket to achieve different slope gradients.

[0026] Furthermore, the pier base placement groove is provided with a slot I for installing a pier cross-section shape conversion device and a slot II for installing a force sensor bracket.

[0027] The position of the notch II is closer to the bottom plate of the waste recovery tank than the position of the notch I.

[0028] The shapes of the notch I and the notch II are respectively adapted to the bottom contour shapes of the pier cross-section shape conversion device and the force sensor bracket.

[0029] A connecting hole is provided between the slot I and the slot II for leading out the wire of the force sensor.

[0030] Furthermore, the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device and the pier cap are both provided with a groove II for inserting the pier body.

[0031] The shape of the groove II is adapted to the contour of the pier body.

[0032] Furthermore, the water tank, the pier base placement groove, the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device, the pier body, the pier cap and the force sensor bracket are all made of acrylic material.

[0033] Furthermore, the monitoring device also includes a laser transmitter and a camera for monitoring the entire process of debris flow impacting the bridge pier.

[0034] The laser emitter is installed at the connection position between the bottom plate of the inclined groove I and the bottom plate of the inclined groove II through the laser emitter bracket and the limiting rotating shaft.

[0035] The camera is arranged on the upper side of the bottom plate of the inclined trough II and in front of the bottom plate of the waste recovery trough.

[0036] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using a multifunctional simulation device for visualizing debris flow impacting bridge piers, comprising the following steps:

[0037] 1) Connect the storage tank bottom plate, the inclined tank I bottom plate, the inclined tank II bottom plate and the waste recovery tank bottom plate in sequence through hinges, and assemble side plates on both sides of each bottom plate and on the side of the storage tank bottom plate away from the waste recovery tank bottom plate;

[0038] Then, ordinary brackets are installed under the bottom plates of the storage tank and the waste recovery tank, and hydraulic lifting brackets are installed under the bottom plate of the inclined tank II. According to the terrain slope of the slope location or the test design, the height of the hydraulic lifting brackets is adjusted to achieve the test slope;

[0039] 2) Install a limit rotating shaft at the connection position between the bottom plate of the inclined slot I and the bottom plate of the inclined slot II;

[0040] Connect the laser transmitter bracket to the limit shaft, and adjust the position of the laser transmitter through the limit shaft;

[0041] 3) Fix the pier base placement slot on the bottom plate of the inclined slot II, then insert the force sensor bracket into the slot II of the pier base placement slot, and respectively assemble force sensors at the upper and lower ends of the vertical rod of the force sensor bracket, so that the lead wire of the lower force sensor passes through the connecting slot I and the connecting hole of slot II;

[0042] 4) Determine the cross-sectional shape of the pier body according to the pier structure design requirements or test purpose, and determine the appropriate pier cross-sectional shape conversion device and pier cap according to the cross-sectional shape of the pier body;

[0043] After the shape is determined, the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device is inserted into the notch I of the pier base placement slot; then the pier body is inserted into the groove II of the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device, and the other end is inserted into the groove II of the pier cap;

[0044] and connecting the force sensor to the sensor element arranged on the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device and the pier cap;

[0045] 5) Connect the dynamic signal collector to the force sensor, and set a camera on the upper side of the bottom plate of the inclined trough II and in front of the bottom plate of the waste recovery trough;

[0046] 6) Debug monitoring equipment;

[0047] 7) After debugging is completed, the baffle is inserted into the groove I of the bottom plate of the storage tank to form a storage tank; the material is filled into the storage tank, and the material is the debris flow material prepared in advance according to the test purpose;

[0048] 8) Pull out the baffle to release the debris flow materials, and start the monitoring equipment before pulling out the baffle to monitor and record the whole process of the debris flow impacting the bridge pier;

[0049] 9) After the experiment, the debris flow materials in the water tank are recovered.

[0050] The technical effect of the present invention is undoubted, and the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0051] 1. The present invention uses visualization technology to enable the device to measure and analyze the debris flow velocity field with high precision in a non-contact manner. This method can provide continuous velocity field data, which helps to better understand the impact mechanical behavior of debris flow on bridge piers.

[0052] 2. The present invention uses a transparent water tank design and transparent debris flow materials to visualize the entire debris flow impact process, making it easy to observe, record and analyze the debris flow state and the details of its interaction with the bridge piers, so as to conduct in-depth research on the flow characteristics of the debris flow and the impact mechanism of the bridge piers.

[0053] 3. The present invention has a wide range of applications and can simulate the entire process of debris flow impact engineering structure evolution under different slope terrain conditions by adjusting the inclination of the water tank.

[0054] 4. The present invention supports bridge piers of various cross-sectional shapes, such as circular, square and round-end bridge piers, etc., and has the advantages of easy use, low time and economic costs, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1 It is a general schematic diagram of a multifunctional simulation device for visualizing debris flow impacting bridge piers;

[0056] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A front view of the pier device in FIG.

[0057] Figure 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of a circular pier cross-section shape conversion device;

[0058] Figure 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the circular pier cap;

[0059] Figure 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of the square pier cross-section shape conversion device;

[0060] Figure 4 (b) is a schematic diagram of the square pier cap;

[0061] Figure 5 (a) is a schematic diagram of a device for converting the cross-sectional shape of a round-end bridge pier;

[0062] Figure 5 (b) is a schematic diagram of the round-end bridge pier cap;

[0063] Figure 6 (a) is a schematic diagram of the shape conversion device for the cross section of a diamond-shaped bridge pier;

[0064] Figure 6 (b) is a schematic diagram of the diamond-shaped pier cap.

[0065] in, Figure 1 , Figure 3 to Figure 6 The components are not transparent.

[0066] In the figure: 101 - storage tank bottom plate; 201 - inclined tank I bottom plate; 301 - inclined tank II bottom plate; 601 - waste recovery tank bottom plate; 1002 - side plate;

[0067] 102-ordinary bracket; 303-hydraulic lifting bracket;

[0068] 302-limiting rotating shaft; 401-laser transmitter bracket; 402-laser transmitter;

[0069] 5-bridge pier device; 501-bridge pier base placement groove; 502-bridge pier cross-section shape conversion device; 503-bridge pier body; 504-bridge pier cap;

[0070] 505-force sensor bracket; 5051-force sensor; 7-camera;

[0071] 5020-Circular bridge pier cross-section shape conversion device; 5040-Circular bridge pier cap;

[0072] 5021-Square pier cross-section shape conversion device; 5041-Square pier cap;

[0073] 5022-round-end bridge pier cross-section shape conversion device; 5042-round-end bridge pier cover;

[0074] 5023-diamond pier cross-section shape conversion device; 5043-diamond pier cap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but it should not be understood that the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. Without departing from the above technical ideas of the present invention, various substitutions and changes are made according to the common technical knowledge and customary means in the art, which should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0076] Embodiment 1:

[0077] A multifunctional visualization simulation device for debris flow impacting a bridge pier comprises a bridge pier device 5, a monitoring device, a water tank and a bracket for supporting the water tank.

[0078] The water tank includes a material storage tank bottom plate 101, an inclined tank I bottom plate 201, an inclined tank II bottom plate 301, a waste recovery tank bottom plate 601 and a side plate 1002.

[0079] The side panels 1002 are fixedly mounted on both sides of each bottom panel. Figure 1 .

[0080] The storage tank bottom plate 101, the inclined tank I bottom plate 201, the inclined tank II bottom plate 301 and the waste recovery tank bottom plate 601 are movably connected in sequence.

[0081] The side of the storage tank bottom plate 101 away from the waste recovery tank bottom plate 601 is also provided with a side plate 1002 for blocking the debris flow. The gap between the side plates has no effect on the debris flow.

[0082] The support comprises a common support 102 and a hydraulic lifting support 303 .

[0083] The material storage tank bottom plate 101 and the waste recovery tank bottom plate 601 are supported by a plurality of common brackets 102 .

[0084] The connection position between the inclined trough I bottom plate 201 and the inclined trough II bottom plate 301 and the inclined trough II bottom plate 301 are supported by a plurality of hydraulic lifting brackets 303 .

[0085] The pier device 5 is arranged on the bottom plate 301 of the inclined trough II.

[0086] The pier device 5 includes a pier base placement groove 501 , a pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502 , a pier body 503 and a pier cap 504 .

[0087] The pier base placement groove 501 is fixedly installed on the inclined groove II bottom plate 301. The pier base placement groove 501 is provided with a pier cross-section shape conversion device 502.

[0088] The pier body 503 is inserted into the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502 to fix the pier body, and the other end is inserted into the pier cap 504 .

[0089] The monitoring device includes a force sensor bracket 505 , a force sensor 5051 , and a dynamic signal collector connected to the force sensor 5051 .

[0090] The force sensor bracket 505 is a T-shaped rod, including a vertical rod and a horizontal rod, and is installed on the pier base placement groove 501. The vertical rod and the horizontal rod are provided with a plurality of through holes at intervals for fixing the force sensor 5051.

[0091] The force sensor 5051 is connected to the sensor elements arranged on the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502 and the pier cap 504, and is used to realize data collection of the force exerted by the debris flow on the pier.

[0092] The debris flow is released from the bottom plate 101 of the storage tank.

[0093] Embodiment 2:

[0094] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1. Furthermore, the bottom plate 201 of the inclined trough I is a variable-section trapezoidal plate, with a long side connected to the bottom plate 101 of the material storage trough, and a short side connected to the bottom plate 301 of the inclined trough II.

[0095] Embodiment 3:

[0096] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 2. Furthermore, the storage tank bottom plate 101, the inclined tank I bottom plate 201, the inclined tank II bottom plate 301 and the waste recovery tank bottom plate 601 are connected in sequence by hinges.

[0097] Embodiment 4:

[0098] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 3. Furthermore, a groove I is provided on the surface of the material storage tank bottom plate 101 close to the side of the inclined tank I bottom plate 201, and a baffle 103 is inserted into the groove I.

[0099] The debris flow can be released by removing the baffle 103 .

[0100] Embodiment 5:

[0101] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 4. Furthermore, the angle between the bottom plate 301 of the inclined trough II and the bottom plate 601 of the waste recovery trough is changed by adjusting the height of the hydraulic lifting bracket 303 to achieve different slope gradients.

[0102] Embodiment 6:

[0103] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 5. Furthermore, the pier base placement groove 501 is provided with a slot I for installing the pier cross-section shape conversion device 502 and a slot II for installing the force sensor bracket 505.

[0104] The position of the slot II is closer to the waste recovery tank bottom plate 601 than the position of the slot I.

[0105] The shapes of the notch I and the notch II are respectively adapted to the bottom contour shapes of the pier cross-section shape conversion device 502 and the force sensor bracket 505 .

[0106] A connecting hole is provided between the slot I and the slot II for leading out the wire of the force sensor.

[0107] Embodiment 7:

[0108] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 6. Furthermore, the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502 and the pier cap 504 are both provided with a groove II for the pier body 503 to be inserted into.

[0109] The shape of the groove II is adapted to the contour shape of the pier body 503 .

[0110] Embodiment 8:

[0111] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of the embodiments 1 to 7. Further, when the cross-sectional shape of the pier body 503 is circular, a circular pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 5020 and a circular pier cap 5040 are selected. Figure 3 , at this time, the cross-sectional shape of groove II is circular.

[0112] Embodiment 9:

[0113] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of the embodiments 1 to 7. Further, when the cross-sectional shape of the pier body 503 is square, a square pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 5021 and a square pier cap 5041 are selected. Figure 4 , at this time, the cross-sectional shape of groove II is square.

[0114] Embodiment 10:

[0115] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of the embodiments 1 to 7. Further, when the cross-sectional shape of the pier body 503 is round-end shaped, a round-end pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 5022 and a round-end pier cover 5042 are selected. Figure 5 At this time, the cross-sectional shape of groove II is round-end shaped.

[0116] Embodiment 11:

[0117] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of the embodiments 1 to 7. Further, when the cross-sectional shape of the pier body 503 is a rhombus, a rhombus-shaped pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 5023 and a rhombus-shaped pier cap 5043 are selected. Figure 6 , at this time, the cross-sectional shape of groove II is rhombus.

[0118] Embodiment 12:

[0119] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 11. Furthermore, the water tank, the pier base placement groove 501, the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502, the pier body 503, the pier cap 504 and the force sensor bracket 505 are all made of acrylic material.

[0120] Embodiment 13:

[0121] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 12. Furthermore, the monitoring device also includes a laser emitter 402 and a camera 7 for monitoring the entire process of debris flow impacting the bridge pier.

[0122] The laser emitter 402 is installed at the connection position between the inclined groove I bottom plate 201 and the inclined groove II bottom plate 301 through the laser emitter bracket 401 and the limiting rotating shaft 302.

[0123] The camera 7 is arranged on the upper side (left or right side) of the bottom plate 301 of the inclined trough II and in front of the bottom plate 601 of the waste recovery trough (away from the side of the storage trough).

[0124] Embodiment 14:

[0125] A method for using any one of the multifunctional simulation devices for visualizing debris flow impacting bridge piers in embodiments 1 to 13 comprises the following steps:

[0126] 1) Connect the storage tank bottom plate 101, the inclined tank I bottom plate 201, the inclined tank II bottom plate 301 and the waste recovery tank bottom plate 601 in sequence through hinges, and assemble side plates 1002 on both sides of each bottom plate and on the side of the storage tank bottom plate 101 away from the waste recovery tank bottom plate 601;

[0127] Then, a common bracket 102 is installed under the bottom plate 101 of the material storage tank and the bottom plate 601 of the waste recovery tank, and a hydraulic lifting bracket 303 is installed under the bottom plate 301 of the inclined tank II. The height of the hydraulic lifting bracket 303 is adjusted according to the terrain slope of the slope location or the test design to achieve the test slope.

[0128] 2) Install the limit rotating shaft 302 at the connection position between the bottom plate 201 of the inclined groove I and the bottom plate 301 of the inclined groove II;

[0129] Connect the laser emitter bracket 401 to the limiting rotating shaft 302, and adjust the position of the laser emitter 402 through the limiting rotating shaft 302;

[0130] 3) Fix the pier base placement slot 501 on the bottom plate 301 of the inclined slot II, then insert the force sensor bracket 505 into the slot II of the pier base placement slot 501, and respectively assemble force sensors 5051 at the upper and lower ends of the vertical rod of the force sensor bracket 505, so that the lead wire of the lower force sensor passes through the connecting slot I and the connecting hole of slot II;

[0131] 4) Determine the cross-sectional shape of the pier body 503 according to the pier structure design requirements or the test purpose, and determine the adapted pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502 and the pier cap 504 according to the cross-sectional shape of the pier body 503;

[0132] After the shape is determined, the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502 is inserted into the notch I of the pier base placement groove 501; then the pier body 503 is inserted into the groove II of the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502, and the other end is inserted into the groove II of the pier cap 504;

[0133] The force sensors 5051 at the upper and lower ends of the vertical rod are respectively connected to the sensor elements arranged on the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device 502 and the pier cap 504;

[0134] 5) Connect the dynamic signal collector to the force sensor 5051, and set a camera 7 on the upper side of the bottom plate 301 of the inclined tank II and in front of the bottom plate 601 of the waste recovery tank;

[0135] 6) Debug monitoring equipment;

[0136] 7) After debugging is completed, the baffle 103 is inserted into the groove I of the bottom plate 101 of the storage tank to form a storage tank; the material is filled into the storage tank, and the material is the debris flow material prepared in advance according to the test purpose;

[0137] 8) Pull out the baffle 103 to release the debris flow materials, and start the monitoring equipment before pulling out the baffle 103 to monitor and record the whole process of the debris flow impacting the bridge pier;

[0138] 9) After the experiment, the debris flow materials in the water tank are recovered.

[0139] Embodiment 15:

[0140] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of the embodiments 1 to 14, and further, the inclined groove I receives the variable cross-section trapezoidal groove of the material storage groove and the inclined groove II. The length is 30 cm, the width at the connection with the material storage groove is 20 cm, and the width at the connection with the inclined groove II is 14 cm.

[0141] The bottom plate 301 of the inclined trough II is 120 cm long and 14 cm wide, and is made of a 0.5 cm thick acrylic plate with high transparency, and the slope can be adjusted arbitrarily.

[0142] The pier placement groove is 12 cm long, 8 cm wide and 4.5 cm high. It is connected to the bottom plate of the inclined groove II. A hole is drilled on the back flow side to facilitate the lead-out of the force sensor wire. It is mainly used to place piers, pier converters and force sensors, and provide conditions for replacing pier models and pier converters.

[0143] Embodiment 16:

[0144] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 15. Furthermore, when the transparent debris flow in the water tank is recovered, a marking plate is used to clean the transparent debris flow from top to bottom into the waste recovery tank, and then the waste recovery tank is removed, and a mobile water pipe is used to flush the inner wall of the water tank to clean the transparent debris flow in the water tank, especially the residual transparent debris flow in the pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure, so as to prevent the pier from being inconvenient to insert again.

[0145] Embodiment 17:

[0146] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 16. Furthermore, this application proposes a multifunctional simulation device for visualizing debris flow impacting bridge piers, which is suitable for indoor model tests of debris flow flow characteristics and the interaction between debris flow and bridge pier structure. It includes a water tank frame and a storage tank I, an upper inclined tank II, a lower inclined tank III, a laser transmitter IV, a bridge pier placement tank V, and a waste recovery tank VI.

[0147] The water tank frame consists of a material storage tank bottom plate 101, an upper inclined tank bottom plate 201, a lower inclined tank bottom plate 301 and a waste recovery tank bottom plate 601, hinges, a high-transparency acrylic plate side wall 1002, a limiting rotating shaft 302, a hydraulic lifting bracket 303, and a common bracket 102.

[0148] The upper inclined trough bottom plate 201 and the lower inclined trough bottom plate 301 are transparent debris flow areas.

[0149] The material storage tank bottom plate 101 , the upper inclined tank bottom plate 201 , the lower inclined tank bottom plate 301 and the waste recovery tank bottom plate 601 are rigidly connected to the highly transparent acrylic plate side wall 1002 .

[0150] The storage tank I side is closed, and the waste recovery tank VI 603 side is open to facilitate the flow of transparent debris flow.

[0151] The storage tank bottom plate 101, the upper inclined tank bottom plate 201, the lower inclined tank bottom plate 301 and the waste recovery tank bottom plate 601 are connected to the waste recovery tank hinge 603 and can be rotated 90 degrees to adjust the angle.

[0152] The angle between the lower inclined slot III and the waste recovery slot VI is changed by adjusting the height of the hydraulic lifting bracket 303 to achieve different slope gradients.

[0153] The material storage tank I does not need to adjust the height, and is supported by a total of four common brackets 102 at the front and rear.

[0154] There are four hydraulic lifting brackets 303 connected to the bottom plate 301 and the laser emitter bracket 401 through the limiting rotating shaft 302.

[0155] The waste recovery tank VI does not need to be adjusted in height and is supported by a total of 6 common brackets 602 at the front and back.

[0156] The storage tank I is used to store and release transparent soil and debris flow, and is composed of a gate baffle 103 and a highly transparent acrylic plate side wall 1002. The transparent debris flow is released by quickly pulling up the gate baffle 103.

[0157] The pier placement groove IV is composed of a pier base placement groove 501, a pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure 502, a pier body 503, a pier cap 504 and a force sensor 505.

[0158] The pier base placement groove 501, the pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure 502 and the force sensor 505 are spliced ​​and covered on the lower inclined groove bottom plate 301, and the pier body 503 is inserted into the hole of the pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure 502 and fixed.

[0159] The pier base placement groove 501, the pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure 502, the pier body 503, and the pier cap 504 are all made of high-transparency acrylic material to ensure the PIV imaging effect.

[0160] Furthermore, the force sensor 505 is connected to the pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure 502 and the pier cap 504 to read the force data transmitted from the sides of the pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure 502 and the pier cap 504 when measuring the impact force of the transparent debris flow.

[0161] Furthermore, the pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure 502 supports piers with various cross-sectional shapes, such as piers with circular cross-sectional shapes, piers with square cross-sectional shapes, piers with round-end cross-sectional shapes, and piers with diamond cross-sectional shapes.

[0162] Furthermore, the pier cap supports piers of various cross-sectional shapes, such as circular cross-sectional piers, square cross-sectional piers, round-end cross-sectional piers, and diamond cross-sectional piers, etc. The pier cap 504 covers the upper end of the pier body 503 and is connected to the force sensor 505 .

[0163] Furthermore, the force sensor is connected to the sensor element 5051 of the pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure 502 and the pier cap 504 to realize the collection of the force data of the transparent debris flow on the pier.

[0164] The purpose of the experiment is to compare the flow characteristics of transparent debris flows under different slope conditions and the impact force of transparent debris flows on bridge piers with different cross-sectional shapes. The specific operation process of a multifunctional simulation device for visualizing debris flows impacting bridge piers is as follows:

[0165] Step 1. Assembling a multifunctional simulation device for visualizing debris flow impacting bridge piers, connect the storage tank I storage tank bottom plate 101, the upper inclined tank II bottom plate 201, the lower inclined tank III bottom plate 301 and the collection tank VI bottom plate 601 through hinges 603, and according to the terrain gradient of the slope location or the test design, lift and lower four hydraulic lifting brackets 303, and adjust the heights of the two to achieve different slope gradients;

[0166] Step 2. Assemble the PIV measurement system, connect the bracket 401 of the laser transmitter IV to the water tank frame through the limit rotation shaft 302, and adjust the laser transmitter to a suitable position according to the limit rotation shaft 302;

[0167] Step 3. According to the pier structure design requirements or test purposes, the pier cross-sectional shape conversion structure 502, the pier body 503 and the pier cap 504 are assembled and placed in the pier placement groove;

[0168] Step 4. Install the monitoring equipment and debug it according to the test purpose and the required physical quantities to be monitored;

[0169] Step 5. Fix the baffle 103 of the storage tank I on the storage tank bottom plate 101 through the limit slot, determine the transparent debris flow material ratio and configuration according to the test purpose, and fill the storage tank I with materials;

[0170] Step 6. Start the monitoring equipment, turn on the laser transmitter, turn on the camera 7, the dynamic signal collector and other measuring equipment, start recording images and data, and quickly remove the baffle 103 manually to release the transparent debris flow;

[0171] Step 7. After all the transparent debris flow in the storage tank is released, the transparent debris flow in the water tank is recovered, and the transparent debris flow is cleaned from top to bottom using a marking plate to the waste recovery tank VI;

[0172] Step 8. Remove the waste recovery tank VI, and use a mobile water pipe to flush the inner wall of the tank from the storage tank I to clean the transparent debris flow in the tank, especially the residual transparent debris flow in the cross-sectional shape conversion structure of the bridge pier, so as to prevent the inconvenience of reinserting the bridge pier.

[0173] Embodiment 18:

[0174] The main structure of this embodiment is the same as any one of Embodiments 1 to 17. Furthermore, the present invention visualizes the entire debris flow impact process with a transparent water trough design and transparent debris flow materials, and can simulate the entire process of debris flow impact engineering structure evolution under different slope terrain conditions by adjusting the inclination of the water trough.

Claims

1. A multifunctional visualization simulation device for debris flow impacting bridge piers, characterized in that: It includes a bridge pier device (5), a monitoring device, a water tank and a bracket supporting the water tank; The water tank comprises a material storage tank bottom plate (101), an inclined tank I bottom plate (201), an inclined tank II bottom plate (301), a waste recovery tank bottom plate (601) and a side plate (1002); The side panels (1002) are fixedly mounted on both sides of each bottom panel; The storage tank bottom plate (101), the inclined tank I bottom plate (201), the inclined tank II bottom plate (301) and the waste recovery tank (601) bottom plate are movably connected in sequence; The storage tank bottom plate (101) is also provided with a side plate (1002) on the side away from the waste recovery tank bottom plate (601) for blocking debris flow; The support comprises a common support (102) and a hydraulic lifting support (303); The material storage tank bottom plate (101) and the waste recovery tank bottom plate (601) are supported by a plurality of common brackets (102); The connection position between the inclined trough I bottom plate (201) and the inclined trough II bottom plate (301) and the inclined trough II bottom plate (301) are supported by a plurality of hydraulic lifting brackets (303); The bridge pier device (5) is arranged on the bottom plate (301) of the inclined trough II; The pier device (5) comprises a pier base placement groove (501), a pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502), a pier body (503) and a pier cap (504); The pier base placement groove (501) is fixedly installed on the inclined groove II bottom plate (301); the pier base placement groove (501) is provided with a pier cross-section shape conversion device (502). The pier body (503) is inserted into the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502) to fix the pier body, and the other end is inserted into the pier cap (504); The monitoring device comprises a force sensor bracket (505), a force sensor (5051) and a dynamic signal acquisition instrument connected to the force sensor (5051); The force sensor bracket (505) is a T-shaped rod, including a vertical rod and a horizontal rod, and is installed on the pier base placement groove (501); the vertical rod and the horizontal rod are provided with a plurality of through holes at intervals for fixing the force sensor (5051); The force sensor (5051) is connected to the sensor element arranged on the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502) and the pier cap (504), and is used to realize data collection of the force acting on the pier by the debris flow; The debris flow is released from the bottom plate (101) of the storage tank.

2. The multifunctional visualization simulation device for debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1 is characterized by: The bottom plate (201) of the inclined trough I is a variable-section trapezoidal plate, the long side of which is connected to the bottom plate (101) of the material storage trough, and the short side of which is connected to the bottom plate (301) of the inclined trough II.

3. The multifunctional visualization simulation device for debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1 is characterized by: The material storage tank bottom plate (101), the inclined tank I bottom plate (201), the inclined tank II bottom plate (301) and the waste recovery tank bottom plate (601) are sequentially connected via hinges.

4. The multifunctional visualization simulation device for debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1 is characterized by: A groove I is formed on the surface of the material storage tank bottom plate (101) close to the inclined tank I bottom plate (201), and a baffle (103) is inserted into the groove I; The debris flow can be released by removing the baffle (103).

5. The multifunctional visualization simulation device for debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1 is characterized by: The angle between the bottom plate (301) of the inclined trough II and the bottom plate (601) of the waste recovery trough is changed by adjusting the height of the hydraulic lifting bracket (303) to achieve different slope gradients.

6. The multifunctional visualization simulation device for debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1 is characterized by: The pier base placement groove (501) is provided with a groove I for installing the pier cross-section shape conversion device (502) and a groove II for installing the force sensor bracket (505); The position of the slot II is closer to the waste recovery tank bottom plate (601) than the position of the slot I; The shapes of the notch I and the notch II are respectively adapted to the bottom contour shapes of the pier cross-section shape conversion device (502) and the force sensor bracket (505); A connecting hole is provided between the slot I and the slot II for leading out the wire of the force sensor.

7. The multifunctional visualization simulation device for debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1 is characterized by: The pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502) and the pier cap (504) are both provided with a groove II for inserting the pier body (503); The shape of the groove II is adapted to the contour shape of the pier body (503).

8. The multifunctional visualization simulation device for debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water tank, the pier base placement groove (501), the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502), the pier body (503), the pier cap (504) and the force sensor bracket (505) are all made of acrylic material.

9. The multifunctional visualization simulation device for debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring device also includes a laser transmitter (402) and a camera (7) for monitoring the entire process of debris flow impacting the bridge pier; The laser emitter (402) is installed at the connection position between the inclined groove I bottom plate (201) and the inclined groove II bottom plate (301) via a laser emitter bracket (401) and a limit rotation shaft (302); The camera (7) is arranged on the upper side of the bottom plate (301) of the inclined trough II and in front of the bottom plate (601) of the waste recovery trough.

10. A method for using a multifunctional visualization simulation device for debris flow impacting bridge piers according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) connecting the material storage tank bottom plate (101), the inclined tank I bottom plate (201), the inclined tank II bottom plate (301) and the waste recovery tank bottom plate (601) in sequence through hinges, and assembling side plates (1002) on both sides of each bottom plate and on the side of the material storage tank bottom plate (101) away from the waste recovery tank bottom plate (601); Then, a common support (102) is installed below the storage tank bottom plate (101) and the waste recovery tank bottom plate (601), and a hydraulic lifting support (303) is installed below the inclined tank II bottom plate (301), and the height of the hydraulic lifting support (303) is adjusted according to the terrain slope of the slope location or the test design to achieve the test slope; 2) Installing a limit rotating shaft (302) at the connection position between the inclined groove I bottom plate (201) and the inclined groove II bottom plate (301); Connecting the laser emitter bracket (401) to the limiting rotating shaft (302), and adjusting the position of the laser emitter (402) via the limiting rotating shaft (302); 3) Fix the pier base placement groove (501) on the bottom plate (301) of the inclined groove II, then insert the force sensor bracket (505) into the groove II of the pier base placement groove (501), and respectively assemble force sensors (5051) at the upper and lower ends of the vertical rod of the force sensor bracket (505), so that the lead wire of the lower force sensor passes through the connecting groove I and the connecting hole of the groove II; 4) Determining the cross-sectional shape of the pier body (503) according to the pier structure design requirements or the test purpose, and determining the adapted pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502) and the pier cap (504) according to the cross-sectional shape of the pier body (503); After the shape is determined, the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502) is inserted into the notch I of the pier base placement groove (501); then the pier body (503) is inserted into the groove II of the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502), and the other end is inserted into the groove II of the pier cap (504); and connecting the force sensor (5051) to the sensor element arranged on the pier cross-sectional shape conversion device (502) and the pier cap (504); 5) Connect the dynamic signal collector to the force sensor (5051), and set a camera (7) on the upper side of the inclined tank II bottom plate (301) and in front of the waste recovery tank bottom plate (601); 6) Debug the monitoring equipment; 7) After debugging is completed, the baffle (103) is inserted into the groove I of the bottom plate (101) of the storage tank to form a storage tank; the material is filled into the storage tank, and the material is the debris flow material prepared in advance according to the test purpose; 8) Pulling out the baffle (103) to release the debris flow materials, and starting the monitoring equipment before pulling out the baffle (103) to monitor and record the whole process of the debris flow impacting the bridge pier; 9) After the experiment, the debris flow materials in the water tank are recovered.

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