Reservoir ecological scheduling method for natural breeding of fishes laying viscidity eggs under dam

Abstract

The invention discloses a reservoir ecological scheduling method for natural breeding of fishes capable of laying visco-demersal eggs under a dam, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the natural breeding information of the fishes capable of laying visco-demersal eggs under the dam, and the natural breeding information comprises breeding variety composition; determining the scheduling type composition of the ecological scheduling target fishes according to the breeding type composition and the screening information; determining distribution information of a spawning site of ecological scheduling target fishes under the dam after the dam is constructed according to the scheduling type composition, and determining an ecological scheduling target river section according to the distribution information; determining reservoir scheduling information of ecological scheduling target fishes according to the scheduling type composition; and performing reservoir ecological scheduling according to the hydrological scheduling information. By means of the technical scheme, the adverse effect of reservoir dispatching operation on natural breeding of the fishes capable of producing the viscous demersal eggs under the dam can be relieved, natural breeding of the fishes capable of producing the viscous demersal eggs under the dam can be guaranteed, and natural breeding activity of the fishes capable of producing the viscous demersal eggs is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the ecological field, and particularly relates to a reservoir ecological dispatching method for natural reproduction of fish laying sticky sinking eggs under a dam. Background Art

[0002] Fish that lay sticky and sinking eggs below the dam are an important part of aquatic biological resources and biodiversity. Their reproduction requires flowing water habitats, and the fish eggs need to adhere to the coastal substrate or sink to the bottom of the water or adhere to the bottom substrate for hatching. After the construction and operation of the reservoir, the river section below the dam usually maintains a certain flow rate, making these river sections below the dam the key habitat river sections for many fish that lay sticky and sinking eggs. However, the operation of the reservoir water storage will cause a significant change in the hydrological situation in these river sections below the dam. At the same time, the rapid drop in the water level below the dam will expose the fish eggs attached to the substrate, reduce the hatching rate of the fish eggs, and thus affect the natural reproduction activities of fish that lay sticky and sinking eggs in the river section below the dam. In order to mitigate the impact of reservoir water storage on the natural reproduction of fish that lay sticky and sinking eggs below the dam, it is very necessary to use reservoir ecological regulation to create a suitable spawning habitat as much as possible and reduce the water level fluctuation in the reservoir area as much as possible to ensure the natural reproduction of fish that lay sticky and sinking eggs below the dam.

[0003] Currently, there is no reservoir ecological regulation method for fish that lay sticky eggs below the dam. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a reservoir ecological dispatching method for natural reproduction of fish laying sticky eggs under the dam, which comprises: Obtain natural reproduction information of fish that lay sticky eggs below the dam, wherein the natural reproduction information includes the reproduction species composition; determine the scheduling species composition of the ecological scheduling target fish according to the reproduction species composition and the screening information; determine the distribution information of the spawning grounds of the ecological scheduling target fish below the dam after the dam is built according to the scheduling species composition, and determine the ecological scheduling target river section according to the distribution information; determine the reservoir scheduling information of the ecological scheduling target fish according to the scheduling species composition; and perform reservoir ecological scheduling according to the hydrological scheduling information.

[0005] In the reservoir ecological scheduling method as described above, optionally, the natural reproduction information also includes: reproduction time, reproduction water temperature and reproduction scale.

[0006] In the reservoir ecological scheduling method as described above, optionally, the screening information includes: breeding habits, endemicity, protection level and resource status.

[0007] In the reservoir ecological dispatching method as described above, optionally, determining the distribution information of the spawning grounds of the target fish species for ecological dispatching under the dam after the dam is built according to the dispatching species composition includes: Determine the distribution information of fish species that lay sticky and sinking eggs below the dam, the distribution information including: spawning species composition and spawning ground distribution location; confirm the distribution information of spawning grounds of target fish species for ecological scheduling below the dam after the dam is built based on the distribution information of fish species that lay sticky and sinking eggs below the dam and the scheduling species composition.

[0008] In the reservoir ecological dispatching method as described above, optionally, the reservoir dispatching information includes: dispatching starting water temperature, dispatching hydrological parameters with suitable flow rate below the dam and suitable daily water level fluctuation below the dam, and dispatching duration; The reservoir scheduling information for the ecological scheduling target fish species determined according to the scheduling species composition includes: determining the distribution range of suitable water temperature required for natural reproduction of the ecological scheduling target fish species according to literature materials related to the ecological scheduling target fish species, artificial breeding information and water temperature information below the dam during the breeding time, and determining the scheduling starting water temperature according to the suitable water temperature range; analyzing the habitat suitability of the spawning ground of the ecological scheduling target fish species below the dam based on the habitat suitability model to obtain the suitable flow below the dam; determining the suitable daily water level fluctuation below the dam according to the suitable water depth and water level fluctuation during the breeding period of the ecological scheduling target fish species; analyzing the hatching time required for the eggs of the ecological scheduling target fish species to hatch to the level swimming period according to literature materials related to the ecological scheduling target fish species, as well as artificial breeding information or on-site hatching test information, and determining the scheduling duration according to the hatching time.

[0009] In the reservoir ecological dispatching method as described above, optionally, performing reservoir ecological dispatching according to the hydrological dispatching information includes: Determine whether the hydrological dispatching information meets the feasibility requirements of the reservoir implementation; if the feasibility requirements of the reservoir implementation are met, determine the ecological dispatching plan according to the hydrological dispatching information, and perform the reservoir ecological dispatching according to the ecological dispatching plan. Determine the reservoir ecological dispatching plan; In the reservoir ecological dispatching method as described above, optionally, the reservoir implementation feasibility requirement information includes: flood control requirement information of cities downstream of the reservoir, reservoir flood control safety requirement information, minimum downstream flow information, and basic water balance information.

[0010] The beneficial effects brought by this embodiment are as follows: By obtaining the natural reproduction information of fish that lay sticky sinking eggs below the dam, the natural reproduction information includes the reproduction species composition; determining the dispatching species composition of the ecological dispatching target fish according to the reproduction species composition and the screening information; determining the distribution information of the spawning grounds of the ecological dispatching target fish below the dam after the dam is built according to the dispatching species composition, and determining the ecological dispatching target river section according to the distribution information; determining the reservoir dispatching information of the ecological dispatching target fish according to the dispatching species composition; and performing reservoir ecological dispatching according to the hydrological dispatching information, the adverse effects of the reservoir dispatching operation on the natural reproduction of the fish that lay sticky sinking eggs below the dam can be alleviated, which is beneficial to ensuring the natural reproduction of the fish that lay sticky sinking eggs below the dam and promoting the natural reproduction activities of the fish that lay sticky sinking eggs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a reservoir ecological dispatching method for natural reproduction of fish that lay sticky and sinking eggs below a dam provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 The percentage of fish with sticky and sinking eggs laid in the catch under Wudongde Dam from 2019 to 2021 provided in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 The early resources of fish with sticky and sinking eggs laid in Wudongde Dam from 2020 to 2022 provided by the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 The distribution of potential spawning grounds of target fish under different flow conditions provided by the embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0013] See also Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a reservoir ecological scheduling method for natural reproduction of fish that lay sticky eggs below a dam, the method comprising the following steps: Step 101: Obtain natural reproduction information of fish that lay sticky eggs below the dam, where the natural reproduction information includes the composition of the reproduction species.

[0014] Specifically, after the construction of the dam, relevant data will be generated, such as data on the fish resources under the dam. By collecting this data and supplementing monitoring, such as the results of early fish resource surveys, we can obtain natural reproduction information of fish that lay sticky eggs under the dam. This natural reproduction information includes the composition of reproduction species, that is, what species of fish that lay sticky eggs under the dam are there.

[0015] Step 102: Determine the scheduling species composition of the ecological scheduling target fish according to the breeding species composition and screening information.

[0016] After obtaining the types of fish that lay sticky eggs below the dam in step 101, the types are screened by screening information to determine the scheduling species composition of the ecological scheduling target fish, that is, to determine the types of ecological scheduling target fish.

[0017] The screening information includes: breeding habits, endemicity, protection level and resource status. Among them, breeding habits are used to indicate the types of water habitats preferred by fish. Endemicity is used to indicate whether the fish is unique to the river where the dam is located. The protection level is used to indicate whether the fish is a national key protected animal and its protection level. The resource status is used to indicate the fish that can be surveyed through fish resources and early fish resources, that is, the types of fish with a certain amount of resources.

[0018] Step 103: Determine the distribution information of the spawning grounds of the ecological scheduling target fish species below the dam after the dam is built according to the scheduling species composition, and determine the ecological scheduling target river section according to the distribution information.

[0019] Specifically, according to the breeding species composition of the fish laying sticky sinking eggs under the dam determined in step 101, the distribution information of the fish laying sticky sinking eggs under the dam is determined, and the distribution information includes: the spawning species composition and the distribution location of the spawning grounds. Then, according to the distribution information of the fish laying sticky sinking eggs under the dam and the scheduling species composition, the distribution information of the spawning grounds of the ecological scheduling target fish under the dam after the dam is built is confirmed.

[0020] Step 104: Determine the reservoir dispatching information of the ecological dispatching target fish species according to the dispatching species composition.

[0021] The reservoir dispatching information includes: dispatching starting water temperature, dispatching hydrological parameters, and dispatching duration. The dispatching hydrological parameters include: suitable flow rate below the dam and suitable daily water level fluctuation below the dam.

[0022] Specifically, according to the literature data related to the ecological scheduling target fish, artificial breeding information and water temperature information below the dam during the breeding time, the distribution range of suitable water temperature required for the natural reproduction of the ecological scheduling target fish is determined, and the scheduling starting water temperature is determined according to the suitable water temperature range. Based on the habitat suitability model, the habitat suitability of the spawning ground of the ecological scheduling target fish below the dam is analyzed to obtain the suitable flow below the dam. The habitat suitability model can adopt an existing model, and this embodiment does not limit the construction of the habitat adaptability model. According to the suitable water depth and water level fluctuation during the breeding period of the ecological scheduling target fish, the suitable daily water level fluctuation below the dam is determined. According to the literature data and artificial breeding information related to the ecological scheduling target fish, or according to the literature data and on-site hatching test information related to the ecological scheduling target fish, the hatching time required for the eggs of the ecological scheduling target fish to hatch to the level swimming period is analyzed, and the scheduling duration is determined according to the hatching time.

[0023] Step 105: Perform reservoir ecological regulation according to the hydrological regulation information.

[0024] Specifically, determine whether the hydrological scheduling information meets the feasibility requirements for reservoir implementation; if it is determined that the feasibility requirements for reservoir implementation are met, determine the ecological scheduling plan based on the hydrological scheduling information, and perform reservoir ecological scheduling according to the ecological scheduling plan.

[0025] Among them, the feasibility requirements for reservoir implementation include: flood control requirements for cities downstream of the reservoir, reservoir flood control safety requirements, minimum downstream flow information, and basic water balance information.

[0026] By obtaining the natural reproduction information of fish that lay sticky sinking eggs below the dam, the natural reproduction information includes the reproduction species composition; determining the dispatching species composition of the ecological dispatching target fish according to the reproduction species composition and the screening information; determining the distribution information of the spawning grounds of the ecological dispatching target fish below the dam after the dam is built according to the dispatching species composition, and determining the ecological dispatching target river section according to the distribution information; determining the reservoir dispatching information of the ecological dispatching target fish according to the dispatching species composition; and performing reservoir ecological dispatching according to the hydrological dispatching information, the adverse effects of the reservoir dispatching operation on the natural reproduction of the fish that lay sticky sinking eggs below the dam can be alleviated, which is beneficial to ensuring the natural reproduction of the fish that lay sticky sinking eggs below the dam and promoting the natural reproduction activities of the fish that lay sticky sinking eggs.

[0027] The following takes the area below the Wudongde Reservoir dam as the implementation area to explain in detail the process of compiling the Wudongde Reservoir ecological dispatching plan for fish species that lay sticky eggs below the dam using this method: Step 1) Obtain information on the natural reproduction of fish that lay sticky eggs below the dam through data collection and supplementary monitoring, including species composition and reproduction time of fish that lay sticky eggs.

[0028] The results of the fish resources and early fish resources surveys below the Wudongde Dam from 2019 to 2021 were collected, and a supplementary survey of early fish resources that lay sticky and sinking eggs was carried out below the Wudongde Dam in 2022. Through data collection and supplementary monitoring, the natural reproduction information of fish that lay sticky and sinking eggs below the dam was obtained, including: the composition of the reproduction species, as well as: the reproduction water temperature, the reproduction time and the reproduction scale.

[0029] From 2019 to 2021, a total of 52 species of fish that lay sticky eggs were surveyed in the river sections below Wudongde Dam (Baihetan Reservoir), including Jinpingzi, Dongchuandukou, Pudu River estuary, Xiaojiang River estuary and Heishui River estuary. The percentage of different species is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the red-tailed loach accounted for the highest proportion in the catch, which was 12.76%; followed by the mullet, white-margined mullet and Chinese catfish, accounting for 9.79%, 8.72% and 8.06% respectively.

[0030] exist Figure 2 In the figure, the fish species on the horizontal axis from left to right are: red-tailed paraloach, mullet, white-margined mullet, Chinese striped catfish, short-bodied paraloach, concave-tailed catfish, schizothorax, crucian carp, broad-finned catfish, slender-bodied catfish, carp, yellow catfish, catfish, yellow catfish, Yunnan pangolin, front-finned plateau loach, thick-lipped catfish, spring water fish, wheatear fish, blunt-nosed club fish, tilapia, red-finned bream, Chinese minnow, silver floating fish, and Boy's Goby, graffiti, shiny yellow catfish, scattered-scale mirror carp, white-shelled fish, loach, short-bearded schizothorax, brown-nosed goby, higher-bodied minnow, Da's carp, red phosphorus schizothorax, black-tailed catfish, southern catfish, rock carp, large-scaled loach, Bei's plateau loach, short-bearded minnow, leather-bearded catfish, long-filamented schizothorax, whitebait, stick flower fish, Kunming schizothorax, Zhang's catfish, long-snouted catfish, and heavy-mouthed schizothorax.

[0031] According to the results of the early fish resource survey in the Wudongde Dam area from March to June 2020 to 2022, there are 11 species of fish that lay sticky eggs in the Wudongde Dam area, including catfish, goby, broad-finned bream, spring fish, Chinese catfish, wheatear fish, blunt-nosed clubfish, perch, crucian carp and broad-finned bream. The number of early resources collected of different fish that lay sticky eggs accounts for Figure 3 As shown, there are two fish species endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, namely, blunt-snout clubfish and common carp, but their early resource distribution is relatively small, accounting for 6.8% and 1.7% of the total collections respectively; the catfish has a higher percentage of early resource collection, accounting for 24% of the total collections; other species with a relatively high proportion are goby, broad-fin bream, spring water fish, and Chinese catfish, all of which are small fish and are widely distributed in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River.

[0032] Step 2) According to the species composition of fish species that lay sticky eggs below the reservoir dam, the species composition of the target fish species for reservoir ecological regulation is determined by comprehensively considering the breeding habits, endemicity, protection level and resource status of the fish species that lay sticky eggs below the dam.

[0033] Among the protected fish species identified by relevant data, 11 species of fish that lay sticky and sinking eggs were investigated in the fish resources and early fish resources below Wudongde Dam, including Zhang's chub, rock carp, white armored carp, perch carp, Qikou schizothorax (a national second-class protected animal), long-filament schizothorax, fine-scaled schizothorax, short-bearded schizothorax, Kunming schizothorax, blunt-nosed clubfish, and white-margined chub. Among them, only the blunt-nosed clubfish was monitored for spawning.

[0034] From the perspective of reproduction habits, the natural reproduction of endemic fish species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (corresponding to endemicity) such as schizothorax and blunt-nosed clubfish has a certain preference for shallow water habitats. The large fluctuations in the downstream river water level caused by the peak regulation of the power station are most likely to have an adverse impact on their natural reproduction, and they should be protected as the ecological dispatching objects of the base load power generation of the power station. Therefore, fish species that lay sticky and sinking eggs, such as schizothorax and blunt-nosed clubfish, are the target fish species for ecological dispatching.

[0035] Step 3) Based on the results of early on-site fish resource surveys or habitat suitability simulations, determine the distribution of spawning grounds for fish that lay sticky eggs downstream of the dam, including the composition of spawning species and the distribution of spawning grounds; determine the target river section for ecological regulation of the reservoir based on the specific distribution location information of the spawning grounds of the target fish.

[0036] The length of the flowing river section below Wudongde Dam (the tail of Baihetan Reservoir) is about 40 km. This river section is a typical mountain river channel, with the riverbed mainly composed of pebbles, gravel, sand, bedrock mixed with mud. The aquatic vegetation along the coast is sparse, and the staggered gravel and pebble beaches can provide certain spawning habitats for fish such as schizothorax and blunt-nosed clubfish that spawn in shallow shoal water habitats. At the same time, in the early field survey of resources, a spawning ground of blunt-nosed clubfish was investigated on site below Wudongde Dam, and two juvenile schizothorax (about 1 year old) were investigated, indicating that their spawning grounds are distributed in the flowing river section below the dam. Therefore, the flowing river section of about 40 km below Wudongde Dam is taken as the target river section for ecological regulation.

[0037] Step 4) Determine the distribution range of suitable water temperature required for natural reproduction of target fish by integrating literature, artificial breeding data, and water temperature analysis under the dam during the main breeding period; Use existing models to build a habitat suitability model to analyze the suitability of the habitat of the spawning grounds of the target fish for ecological scheduling under the dam, and obtain the suitable flow under the dam for ecological scheduling; or analyze the flow under the dam and water level fluctuation during the breeding period of the target fish for ecological scheduling, so as to determine the suitable water level fluctuation and flow range under the dam required for ecological scheduling. Analyze the time required for the eggs of the target fish for ecological scheduling to hatch to the level swimming period by integrating literature, artificial breeding data or on-site hatching experiments, so as to determine the duration of reservoir ecological scheduling.

[0038] According to relevant literature and data, the water temperature for artificial reproduction of Sichuan schizothorax is 11~21℃; 10~16℃ is the suitable breeding temperature for schizothorax; 13~18℃ is the more suitable temperature for the successful artificial induction of schizothorax. The possibility of successful artificial induction of schizothorax below or above this temperature range is small. Even if eggs are laid after the water temperature is higher than 18℃ for two days, the mortality rate is very high. On March 30, 2021, the field investigation found that the spawning water temperature of blunt-nosed clubfish was 15.3℃. Therefore, it was determined that the ecological dispatch of Wudongde would be implemented at an appropriate time when the water temperature below the dam was 13~16℃.

[0039] Combined with artificial breeding and aquaculture experience, it is determined that the suitable water depth for the spawning ground of Schizothorax in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River is 0.2~1.5m, and the suitable flow rate is 0.5~2.5m / s. The in-channel flow increment method is used to study the distribution of target fish habitats under different flow conditions to determine the suitable base load flow of Wudongde. According to relevant requirements, the minimum discharge flow of Wudongde Hydropower Station is 900m³ / s from January to February, and the minimum discharge flow from March to July is 1160m³ / s. In order to study the optimal flow for base load power generation, 8 typical operating conditions of 900m³ / s, 1160m³ / s, 2000m³ / s, 3000m³ / s, 4000m³ / s, 5000m³ / s, 6000m³ / s, and 7000m³ / s are selected. Combined with the indicators of suitable breeding habitats for target fish, the habitat suitability analysis for natural reproduction of target fish is carried out, and the distribution of potential spawning grounds of target fish under various operating conditions is coupled. The simulation results show that Figure 4 As shown, in Figure 4 In the simulation, when the outflow of Wudongde Hydropower Station is lower than 1160 m³ / s, the potential spawning area of ​​target fish is relatively large, and there are two relatively concentrated "flowing shoal" type habitats about 20km and 29km downstream of the dam site; when the outflow is higher than 2000 m³ / s, the potential spawning area of ​​target fish is significantly reduced, and only a small number of relatively scattered potential habitats exist in the beach waters near the junction of water and land. From the above simulation results, it is determined that the ecological flow target of Wudongde Hydropower Station - 900m³ / s and 1160m³ / s are the appropriate flow rates for the reproduction period of schizothorax fish in the river section below the dam.

[0040] The schizothorax fish, such as the Qikou schizothorax, usually spawn in "gravel shoals". The spawning grounds of schizothorax fish are often inferred based on the oral experience of local fishermen combined with the fishing of sexually mature broodstock. According to the specific spawning depth of schizothorax fish, combined with relevant artificial breeding and farming experience, the suitable water depth for the spawning ground of schizothorax fish in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River is 0.2~1.5m. According to a spawning ground of blunt-nosed clubfish discovered by manual inspection in 2021, the spawning ground area is about 1.5m 2 , egg distribution density is about 1500ind. / m 2 , the water depth is less than 0.5m, and the spawning substrate is fine sand. It is speculated that if the water level drops by more than 0.5m on that day, it will have an adverse impact on the hatching and early survival of the fertilized eggs of the batch of blunt-nosed clubfish. Therefore, considering the spawning depths of the main dispatching target fish, such as the schizothorax and blunt-nosed clubfish, it is determined that the maximum daily fluctuation of the water level during the ecological dispatch of the Wudongde Hydropower Station should not exceed 1.5m, and the optimal should not exceed 0.5m.

[0041] The time it takes for fish eggs to hatch after fertilization is related to water temperature and dissolved oxygen. Based on the comprehensive experience of artificial breeding, it takes about 10 days for the eggs of schizothorax to go from fertilization to the horizontal swimming stage under the conditions of 13-16°C. About the hatching speed of the eggs of blunt-nosed clubfish. According to the on-site observation records in 2021, the time for the fertilized eggs of blunt-nosed clubfish to hatch is about 2-4 days when the water temperature is 15.3°C. It is speculated that the time for them to start horizontal swimming is earlier than that of schizothorax. Therefore, it is determined that the ecological scheduling of Wudongde lasts for more than 10 days.

[0042] Step 5) Preparation of a reservoir ecological regulation plan for the natural reproduction of fish with viscous eggs below the dam includes: a. Target species for regulation Based on step 2, the main target fish species for ecological regulation of Wudongde Reservoir are determined to be fish that lay sticky eggs, such as Schizothorax chinensis and Clupe bream.

[0043] b. Target river section for scheduling According to step 3, the 40km flowing river section below Wudongde Dam is determined as the target river section for ecological scheduling.

[0044] c. Starting water temperature for scheduling According to step 4, the suitable water temperature for spawning of the target fish is 13~16℃. Therefore, the starting water temperature for scheduling should be 13℃ when the water temperature of the target river section downstream of the dam reaches 13℃.

[0045] d. Hydrological parameters for dispatching The ecological dispatching hydrological parameters for the target fish species are obtained according to step 4: (1) Reduce the peak power generation flow of the power station to below 2000 m³ / s as much as possible. The discharge flow of 900 m³ / s and 1160 m³ / s are suitable flows. (2) During the ecological dispatching period, the daily fluctuation of the water level in the target river section downstream of the dam should be controlled to not exceed 1.5 m and last for more than 10 days.

[0046] e. Timing of dispatching According to step 4, the target fish spawning time is mainly from January to April, and the suitable water temperature for spawning is 13~16℃. Therefore, it is determined that the timing of ecological dispatching of Wudongde Reservoir should be from January to April when the water temperature of the target river section is greater than 13℃.

[0047] f. Feasibility of implementing hydrological regulation parameters Based on the reservoir meeting the flood control requirements of downstream cities, reservoir flood control safety requirements, minimum downstream flow, basic water balance and other conditions, the feasibility of implementing the hydrological regulation parameters of this scheme was analyzed and determined. The range of reservoir outflows included in the ecological regulation hydrological parameters of the target fish species obtained according to step 4 is greater than the minimum downstream flow value specified for the reservoir. The maximum flow of 2000m³ / s included in the parameters is less than the multi-year average flow of 3830m³ / s at the dam site and the rated flow of 8080.2m³ / s at the power station, does not constitute a flood level, and is within the daily regulation performance range of the reservoir. Therefore, the parameters of this scheme meet the flood control safety requirements of the reservoir, and the water demand is small and easy to meet, and it is feasible to implement.

[0048] It is known from common technical knowledge that the present invention can be implemented by other embodiments that do not deviate from its spirit or essential features. Therefore, the above disclosed embodiments are only illustrative in all respects and are not exclusive. All changes within the scope of the present invention or within the scope equivalent to the present invention are included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A reservoir ecological dispatching method for natural reproduction of fish laying sticky eggs under a dam, characterized in that: The method includes: Obtaining natural reproduction information of fish that lay sticky and sinking eggs below the dam, wherein the natural reproduction information includes the composition of the reproduction species; Determining the scheduling species composition of ecological scheduling target fish species according to the breeding species composition and screening information; Determine the distribution information of the spawning grounds of the ecological dispatch target fish species under the dam after the dam is built according to the dispatch species composition, and determine the ecological dispatch target river section according to the distribution information; Determining reservoir dispatching information of ecological dispatching target fish species according to the dispatching species composition; Reservoir ecological regulation is carried out according to the hydrological regulation information.

2. The reservoir ecological dispatching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural reproduction information also includes: reproduction time, reproduction water temperature and reproduction scale.

3. The reservoir ecological dispatching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening information includes: breeding habits, endemism, protection level and resource status.

4. The reservoir ecological dispatching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distribution information of the spawning grounds of the target fish species for ecological scheduling under the dam after the dam is built is determined according to the scheduling species composition, including: Determine the distribution information of fish that lay sticky and sinking eggs below the dam, wherein the distribution information includes: spawning species composition and spawning ground distribution location; The distribution information of the spawning grounds of the ecological dispatch target fish species under the dam after the dam is built is confirmed based on the distribution information of the fish species that lay sticky eggs under the dam and the dispatch species composition.

5. The reservoir ecological dispatching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reservoir dispatching information includes: dispatching starting water temperature, dispatching hydrological parameters with suitable flow rate and suitable daily water level fluctuation under the dam, and dispatching duration; The reservoir dispatching information of the ecological dispatching target fish species is determined according to the dispatching species composition, including: Determine the distribution range of suitable water temperature required for natural reproduction of the ecological scheduling target fish based on literature data, artificial breeding information and water temperature information below the dam during reproduction time related to the ecological scheduling target fish, and determine the scheduling starting water temperature based on the suitable water temperature range; Based on the habitat suitability model, the suitability of the habitat of the target fish spawning grounds for ecological scheduling below the dam is analyzed to obtain the suitable flow below the dam; Determine the suitable daily water level fluctuation range below the dam according to the suitable water depth and water level fluctuation range during the breeding period of the target fish of ecological dispatch; According to literature data related to the ecological scheduling target fish, as well as artificial breeding information or on-site hatching test information, the hatching time required for the eggs of the ecological scheduling target fish to hatch to the level swimming period is analyzed, and the scheduling duration is determined based on the hatching time.

6. The reservoir ecological dispatching method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The performing reservoir ecological regulation according to the hydrological regulation information includes: Determining whether the hydrological regulation information meets the feasibility requirements of reservoir implementation; If the feasibility requirements for reservoir implementation are met, an ecological scheduling plan is determined based on the hydrological scheduling information, and the reservoir ecological scheduling is carried out according to the ecological scheduling plan to determine the reservoir ecological scheduling plan.

7. The reservoir ecological dispatching method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reservoir implementation feasibility requirement information includes: flood control requirement information for cities downstream of the reservoir, reservoir flood control safety requirement information, minimum downstream flow information, and basic water balance information.

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