Non-auxiliary-heating starting control method, device and equipment for hydrogen fuel cell system

Abstract

The invention relates to an auxiliary heating-free starting control method, device and equipment for a hydrogen fuel cell system, and relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell systems. The invention provides a control method which is safe and efficient and is coordinated with different starting modes for an auxiliary-heating-free starting mode of the hydrogen fuel cell system, under the condition of not additionally adding an auxiliary heat source, the stack is promoted to generate heat through different starting modes of the stack, meanwhile, the safety of the stack is considered, and the control method can be suitable for different temperature scenes and has a wide application prospect. And the durability and service life of the stack and hydrogen fuel cell system can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cell systems, and in particular to a method, device and equipment for controlling the unassisted hot start of a hydrogen fuel cell system. Background Art

[0002] A hydrogen fuel cell system is a power generation device that utilizes hydrogen energy through chemical reactions. It only generates water during operation, achieving true zero emissions. In addition, compared with other traditional power generation methods, hydrogen fuel cells have higher power generation efficiency. With the technological development and iteration of hydrogen fuel cell systems in recent years, more application scenarios are emerging. At the same time, its application in the field of transportation is becoming more and more extensive. Compared with previous years, it focuses more on performance. At present, in order to better realize commercialization, the focus is gradually shifting to durability and life.

[0003] In order to achieve higher durability, it is necessary to pay attention to the startup efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell system under all temperature scenarios. At room temperature, the hydrogen fuel cell system runs more gently, and a faster startup efficiency can be adopted at this time, and the startup safety control requirements are lower. For the startup process of the hydrogen fuel cell system at low temperatures, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the startup efficiency and adopt a more reliable safety control method to start. The mechanism of low-temperature startup failure is that the hydrogen fuel cell membrane material can absorb and store liquid water, and the pores of the catalyst layer can also store liquid water. When these materials and spaces are filled with liquid water, the maximum water storage capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell membrane and catalyst layer is reached, and the transmission of oxygen will be completely blocked, the reaction will be interrupted, and the startup will fail at low temperatures. A reasonable low-temperature startup method will take into account the uniform temperature inside the stack and the battery will not be damaged. At the same time, it can ensure the heating rate, thereby improving the durability of the fuel cell system.

[0004] At present, various manufacturers are still conducting extensive research on the startup scheme. First, the startup method at room temperature has not been clearly proposed; in addition, there are more studies on startup at low temperatures. Some insist on using the auxiliary heat source heating scheme, which is more reliable, but the system needs to consume additional power and the cost is higher; some use the method without auxiliary heat, which has high technical requirements, and the current implementation methods are different, and the technical route is iterative.

[0005] In the related art, the patent document with publication number CN111952631B adopts a constant current starting method, which controls the slope of loading. This method can easily cause the stack to reverse polarity or even damage the stack at low temperatures; the patent document with publication number CN116231006B judges the temperature threshold to cycle through the two methods of insufficient gas and non-short gas to achieve low-temperature starting. The switching threshold judgment cannot accurately evaluate the water management situation inside the stack, and does not mention the safety control of the starting process; the patent document with publication number CN113921859A adopts constant pressure insufficient gas and constant current starting methods, and the intermediate switching target is the stack output current. This scheme does not consider the problem of flooding during the constant pressure insufficient gas period. For the start-up control of hydrogen fuel cell systems in different temperature scenarios, the start-up requirements and control methods are different, so it is of great significance to study it. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, device and equipment for controlling the unassisted hot start of a hydrogen fuel cell system to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling an unassisted hot start of a hydrogen fuel cell system, the method comprising: Real-time monitoring of the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system; Based on the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start temperature control; the unassisted hot start temperature control includes constant pressure start control, constant pressure oxygen starvation start control, constant current start control, and constant current oxygen starvation start control; In response to the process of the hydrogen fuel cell system performing unassisted hot start temperature control, combined with the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start safety control.

[0008] In a possible implementation, in response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing the unassisted hot start temperature control, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs the unassisted hot start safety control in combination with the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system, including: In response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing unassisted hot start temperature control, comparing and judging the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system with a threshold value ΔT; If the temperature difference data between the inlet and outlet of the coolant of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than the threshold ΔT, the water pump is turned on, and the corresponding water pump speed n and water pump operation time t are set based on the power of the hydrogen fuel cell system; If the temperature difference data between the inlet and outlet of the coolant of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value ΔT, turn off the water pump; Monitor the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack in real time, and compare the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack with the normal starting power P of the hydrogen fuel cell system. 安 Make comparative judgments; If the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack is greater than or equal to the normal starting power P of the hydrogen fuel cell system 安 , the hydrogen fuel cell system performs normal startup control; If the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack is less than the normal starting power P of the hydrogen fuel cell system 安 , the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is compared with the threshold value ΔT for judgment.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start temperature control based on the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system, including: Compare and judge the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system with a threshold value T1; If the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than or equal to the threshold value T1, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs normal startup control; If the temperature data of the stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than the threshold value T1, the temperature data of the stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is compared with the threshold value T2 for determination; If the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value T2, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant pressure startup control.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start temperature control based on the temperature data of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, further comprising: Real-time monitoring of the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system; Compare and judge the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system with a threshold value C1; If the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value C1, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant pressure oxygen starvation start control.

[0011] In a possible implementation, in response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant-pressure oxygen starvation start-up control: If the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than the threshold C1, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant pressure startup control.

[0012] In a possible implementation, in response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant pressure startup control: If the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than the threshold value T2, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant current startup control.

[0013] In a possible implementation, in response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant current startup control: Compare and judge the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system with a threshold value C2; If the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value C2, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant flow oxygen starvation start control; In response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant-current oxygen starvation start-up control, if the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than the threshold C2, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant-current start-up control.

[0014] In a possible implementation, in response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant current startup control: Compare and judge the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system with the threshold value T1; If the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value T1, the hydrogen fuel cell system maintains the constant current start-up control; If the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than the threshold value T1, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs normal startup control.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a device for controlling a hydrogen fuel cell system without auxiliary heat. The device is applicable to the method for controlling a hydrogen fuel cell system without auxiliary heat as described above. The device comprises: A monitoring module, used to monitor in real time the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system; A control module, configured to perform unassisted hot start temperature control on the hydrogen fuel cell system based on the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system; the unassisted hot start temperature control includes constant pressure start control, constant pressure oxygen starvation start control, constant current start control, and constant current oxygen starvation start control; The control module is also used to respond to the process of the hydrogen fuel cell system performing unassisted hot start temperature control, combined with the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system, and the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start safety control.

[0016] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set or an instruction set, and the processor can load and execute at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set or an instruction set to implement the non-assisted heat start control method for the hydrogen fuel cell system provided above.

[0017] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores at least one instruction, at least one program, code set or instruction set. The processor can load and execute at least one instruction, at least one program, code set or instruction set to implement the hydrogen fuel cell system unassisted heat start control method provided above.

[0018] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a computer program product or a computer program, the computer program product or the computer program comprising computer program instructions, the computer program instructions being stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The processor reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device executes the non-assisted heat start control method for the hydrogen fuel cell system provided above.

[0019] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the present invention include at least: The present invention provides a control method for the non-auxiliary heat starting mode of the hydrogen fuel cell system, which takes into account both safety and efficiency and coordinates different starting modes. Without the need for an external auxiliary heat source, the heat generation of the battery stack is promoted through different starting modes of the battery stack, while taking into account the safety of the battery stack. It can be applied to different temperature scenarios and can effectively improve the durability and life of the battery stack and the hydrogen fuel cell system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of an unassisted hot start control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of unassisted hot start temperature control of an unassisted hot start control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic flow chart of unassisted hot start safety control of an unassisted hot start control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0024] Figure 4 A structural block diagram of an unassisted hot start control device for a hydrogen fuel cell system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a computer device for executing an unassisted hot start control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for controlling a hydrogen fuel cell system without auxiliary heat start-up provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. The method for controlling a hydrogen fuel cell system without auxiliary heat start-up includes the following steps: Step 101 , real-time monitoring of the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0029] In the embodiment of the present application, the fuel cell stack is the core component of the hydrogen fuel cell system, which is composed of multiple single battery units (MEA, Membrane Electrode Assembly) connected in series or in parallel, and converts hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions to provide stable power output.

[0030] In the hydrogen fuel cell system, the water pump is connected to the stack through circulating coolant to ensure that the stack maintains a suitable temperature during operation. The water pump extracts coolant from the cooling system and transports it to the cooling channel of the stack through pipes to absorb the heat generated by the stack, and then returns the hot coolant to the cooling system for cooling, thereby achieving continuous and effective cooling of the stack and ensuring its efficient and stable operation.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present application, temperature sensors can be installed inside the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system and at the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack to monitor the temperature data of the fuel cell stack and the inlet and outlet temperature difference data of the coolant in real time.

[0032] Step 102, based on the temperature data of the hydrogen fuel cell system's stack, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs non-assisted hot start temperature control; the non-assisted hot start temperature control includes constant pressure start control, constant pressure oxygen starvation start control, constant current start control, and constant current oxygen starvation start control.

[0033] In the embodiments of the present application, the temperature control for starting without auxiliary heat is mainly based on different temperatures of the fuel cell stack and the actual operation of the fuel cell stack, and different starting methods are used to quickly generate heat. Since different starting control methods have different key targets, the control method for efficient heat production will cause the internal water production and tail hydrogen concentration to increase rapidly, so it is necessary to switch between different control methods to ensure the rapidity of startup.

[0034] Specifically, Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of unassisted hot start temperature control of an unassisted hot start control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. Based on the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start temperature control, including: comparing and judging the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system with a threshold value T1; if the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than or equal to the threshold value T1, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs normal start control; if the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than the threshold value T1, comparing and judging the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system with a threshold value T2; if the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value T2, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant pressure start control.

[0035] In the embodiment of the present application, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs normal startup control, including a single constant current startup, or a constant voltage startup, or a constant power startup. The specific method is determined according to the different technical routes of each manufacturer, and generally speaking, refers to a specific startup method.

[0036] Furthermore, the above-mentioned temperature data based on the hydrogen fuel cell stack, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start temperature control, and also includes: real-time monitoring of the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system; comparing the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system with the threshold value C1 for judgment; if the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value C1, it means that the hydrogen tail exhaust of the hydrogen fuel cell system meets the requirements. At this time, in order to increase the heating rate, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant pressure oxygen starvation start control.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present application, the hydrogen tail gas concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system can be monitored in real time by installing a hydrogen concentration sensor in the tail gas emission pipeline of the hydrogen fuel cell system. The hydrogen tail gas concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system refers to the content of hydrogen in the gas emitted from the hydrogen fuel cell system; under normal working conditions, the hydrogen fuel cell converts hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy and water through electrochemical reactions, and theoretically there should be no unreacted hydrogen emission; however, in actual operation, due to various reasons (such as system leakage, incomplete reaction, etc.), a small amount of unreacted hydrogen may be discharged with the tail gas.

[0038] It is worth mentioning that in response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant-pressure oxygen starvation start-up control: the relationship between the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C and the threshold value C1 is monitored in real time. If the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is still less than or equal to the threshold value C1, the constant-pressure oxygen starvation start-up control continues; if the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than the threshold value C1, it indicates that there is a possibility of flooding inside the fuel cell stack at this time, and the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant-pressure start-up control.

[0039] Furthermore, in response to the process of constant pressure start-up control of the hydrogen fuel cell system: the real-time relationship between the temperature data of the hydrogen fuel cell system's stack and the threshold value T2 is required; if the temperature data of the hydrogen fuel cell system's stack is less than or equal to the threshold value T2, the hydrogen fuel cell system always operates with constant pressure start-up control; if the temperature data of the hydrogen fuel cell system's stack is greater than the threshold value T2, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant current start-up control.

[0040] Furthermore, in response to the constant current startup control of the hydrogen fuel cell system: the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is compared with the threshold value C2 for judgment; if the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value C2, it means that the hydrogen tail exhaust of the hydrogen fuel cell system meets the requirements. At this time, in order to increase the heating rate, the hydrogen fuel cell system can generate more heat, and the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant current oxygen starvation startup control.

[0041] Furthermore, in response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant-current oxygen starvation start-up control, the relationship between the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C and the threshold value C2 is monitored in real time. If the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is still less than or equal to the threshold value C2, the constant-current oxygen starvation start-up control is continued; if the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than the threshold value C2, it indicates that there is a possibility of flooding inside the fuel cell stack at this time, and the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant-current start-up control.

[0042] Furthermore, in response to the constant current start-up control of the hydrogen fuel cell system: the temperature data of the hydrogen fuel cell system's stack is compared with the threshold value T1; if the temperature data of the hydrogen fuel cell system's stack is less than or equal to the threshold value T1, the hydrogen fuel cell system maintains constant current start-up control; if the temperature data of the hydrogen fuel cell system's stack is greater than the threshold value T1, the low temperature start-up of the hydrogen fuel cell system is successful, and the hydrogen fuel cell system performs normal start-up control.

[0043] It should be pointed out here that the stack temperature threshold T1 and threshold T2 are applicable to normal temperature and low temperature, that is, the non-assisted heat start temperature control is applicable to different temperature scenarios. According to different temperature scenarios, by adjusting the corresponding stack temperature threshold T1 and threshold T2, while taking into account the safety of the stack and maintaining the corresponding start efficiency, different start methods can be used to achieve a high-efficiency hydrogen fuel cell system start process.

[0044] In general, unassisted hot start temperature control requires the coordination of constant pressure start control, constant pressure oxygen starvation start control, constant current start control, and constant current oxygen starvation start control to achieve efficient heating efficiency. However, while achieving efficient heating, there will be uneven temperature inside the battery stack, which will cause local hot spots in the battery and even the risk of damage to the single battery or the battery stack. Therefore, safety control during the startup process is also required.

[0045] Step 103, in response to the process of the hydrogen fuel cell system performing unassisted hot start temperature control, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start safety control in combination with the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present application, the non-assisted hot start safety control is mainly based on the phenomenon that the temperature inside the stack is uneven while the stack is generating heat efficiently. In order to avoid this startup side effect, it is necessary to intervene in the thermal management regulation control in time to avoid the aggravation of this phenomenon. Therefore, under specific conditions, the coordination of the non-assisted hot start temperature control and the non-assisted hot start safety control is of great significance for the low-temperature start of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the stack, as well as the corresponding durability and life.

[0047] In the above-mentioned non-assisted heat start temperature control process, in order to achieve efficient heating, the water pump is in a static state at the beginning of the control of the thermal management of the fuel cell stack to prevent the heat generated by the self-heating during the fuel cell stack startup mode from being brought to the outside. In the initial states of the above-mentioned constant pressure startup control, constant pressure oxygen starvation startup control, constant current startup control, and constant current oxygen starvation startup control, the water pump is in a closed state. As the startup mode proceeds, the temperature inside the fuel cell stack will become uneven. In order to reduce this phenomenon and avoid safety problems, non-assisted heat start safety control is required.

[0048] Specifically, Figure 3 A schematic flow chart of unassisted hot start safety control of an unassisted hot start control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. In response to the unassisted hot start temperature control process of the hydrogen fuel cell system, combined with the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start safety control, including: In response to the process of the unassisted hot start temperature control of the hydrogen fuel cell system (in any start control process, namely, the four start modes of constant pressure start control, constant pressure oxygen starvation start control, constant current start control, and constant current oxygen starvation start control), the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is compared with the threshold value △T for judgment; If the temperature difference data between the inlet and outlet of the coolant of the hydrogen fuel cell system's stack is greater than the threshold value △T, in order to promote uniform temperature inside the stack, the water pump is turned on, and the corresponding water pump speed n and water pump operating time t are set based on the power of the hydrogen fuel cell system; during this process, if the temperature difference data between the inlet and outlet of the coolant of the hydrogen fuel cell system's stack is still greater than the threshold value △T, the operating state of the above-mentioned water pump continues to be maintained.

[0049] If the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the coolant of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is less than or equal to the threshold value △T, the water pump is turned off, thereby promoting rapid temperature rise inside the stack; Monitor the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack in real time, and compare the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack with the normal starting power P of the hydrogen fuel cell system. 安 Make comparative judgments; If the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack is greater than or equal to the normal starting power P of the hydrogen fuel cell system 安 , the hydrogen fuel cell system performs normal startup control; If the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack is less than the normal starting power P of the hydrogen fuel cell system 安 , the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack is compared with the threshold value △T for judgment.

[0050] In the embodiment of the present application, the normal starting power P of the hydrogen fuel cell system 安 It refers to the maximum power required by the system during the startup process to ensure that all subsystems (such as hydrogen supply, air supply, cooling system, etc.) can start smoothly and enter a stable operating state. It usually includes the starting current peak and the power requirements of auxiliary equipment to ensure that the system starts safely and efficiently.

[0051] It is worth mentioning that the values ​​of the above thresholds △T, threshold T1, threshold T2, threshold C1, and threshold C2 are determined according to the system design functions of each manufacturer. Due to the differences in the capabilities of the fuel cell stack and other components used by various system manufacturers, their tolerance to the coolant inlet and outlet temperature difference, fuel cell stack temperature, and hydrogen tail exhaust concentration are different, and their threshold settings will be different. However, based on the protection points of this application, these thresholds can be obtained through actual system calibration.

[0052] Next, the working principle of the unassisted heat start control method for the hydrogen fuel cell system provided in the present application is further explained.

[0053] This application coordinates the output ratio between electricity generation and heat generation in the stack through different operating modes of the startup process. Although a large amount of heat generation will improve the startup efficiency and shorten the startup time, it will also cause local hot spots in the membrane electrode inside the stack, damaging the battery and even the entire stack. In addition, a large amount of heat generation is achieved by reducing the oxygen starvation control method of reducing the air supply. The reduction in the air supply will cause a large amount of hydrogen to be unconsumed, which will in turn lead to an increase in the hydrogen concentration of the tail exhaust. On the one hand, it will cause the utilization rate of hydrogen to decrease and the cost to increase; on the other hand, it will cause the hydrogen concentration in the tail exhaust mixture of the entire system (discharged to the environment) to increase, causing safety hazards. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate the control methods of oxygen starvation and non-oxygen starvation to achieve a safe improvement in the startup efficiency of the stack while taking into account the temperature increase.

[0054] At present, oxygen starvation is more used in the constant current start-up control process, namely constant current start-up control and constant current oxygen starvation start-up control. Constant current oxygen starvation start-up control is mainly to control and adjust the air supply. At present, through real-time interaction between DCDC and the stack current information, the preset calibration values ​​are directly set in advance through parameters such as current and air excess ratio, so as to achieve the constant current oxygen starvation start-up control effect. This method is simple to control and easy to operate, while constant pressure oxygen starvation start-up control is currently less used, and the implementation plan has not been determined. This method is relatively complex to control and implement, and the technology still needs to be iterated and verified.

[0055] This application proposes a constant-pressure oxygen starvation start-up control method, which is implemented by changing the target voltage value or control accuracy. The specific implementation principle is explained as follows: oxygen starvation is achieved by reducing the air supply, which will cause the stack output power to decrease. This constant-pressure oxygen starvation start-up control method can be implemented in two ways: 1. Lower the target voltage. Under normal regulation, the output current and power increase. However, under oxygen starvation conditions, the current at the previous moment can be used to maintain the air supply. At this time, when the target voltage is lowered, the oxygen starvation effect is achieved, thereby improving the system heating effect.

[0056] Second, by reducing the control accuracy of the target voltage, it can be achieved that under the same current, the reduction in air supply will directly reduce the output voltage of the fuel cell stack. By setting the lower limit of the target voltage and judging it in real time, the effect of using oxygen starvation to increase the temperature of the fuel cell stack system can be achieved.

[0057] In addition, the temperature control of the unassisted hot start is based on the increase in the temperature of the battery stack, and adopts a control method of constant voltage start first and then constant current start. This control method is determined in combination with the starting characteristics of the battery stack. Constant voltage start control at low temperatures is more conducive to the safety of single cells or battery stack systems, and will not cause damage, but the heating rate of this starting method is relatively slow. When the temperature of the battery stack gradually rises to a specific value threshold T1, the performance of the hydrogen fuel cell system will be more stable. At this time, the subsequent startup process can be carried out through a constant current start control method with a faster heating rate. Therefore, the use of a constant voltage and then a constant current start method can maximize the heating rate while taking into account that the battery stack is not damaged.

[0058] Under any startup control mode, the premise of ensuring temperature rise is based on the initial static state of the system thermal management system, that is, the water pump is stopped. The purpose is to ensure that as much heat as possible is generated in the initial stage of the stack startup while preventing the heat from being taken out by the thermal management system. Long-term shutdown of the water pump will lead to uneven temperature inside the stack, which will cause the risk of damage to the stack. If the temperature of the stack reaches the temperature at which it can be started normally, turning on the water pump will cause the coolant to directly enter the stack cooling channel, causing great hot and cold shock. This drastic temperature change will cause damage to the membrane electrode of the stack, thereby affecting the life and durability of the stack system. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the difference in the inlet and outlet temperatures of the coolant of the stack in real time, and make judgments to adjust the speed and operation time of the water pump to ensure safety during the startup process.

[0059] Moreover, for the operation of starting completion, no matter constant voltage starting control or constant current starting control, the power of starting completion is finally judged, which will take into account the characteristics of the two starting methods, consider more comprehensively, and be more effective for actual low-temperature starting.

[0060] Figure 4 The structure block diagram of a non-assisted hot start control device for a hydrogen fuel cell system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. The non-assisted hot start control device for a hydrogen fuel cell system is applicable to the non-assisted hot start control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system as described above. The device includes: The monitoring module 401 is used to monitor the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system in real time; A control module 402 is used to perform non-assisted hot start temperature control on the hydrogen fuel cell system based on the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system; the non-assisted hot start temperature control includes constant pressure start control, constant pressure oxygen starvation start control, constant current start control, and constant current oxygen starvation start control; The control module 402 is also used to respond to the unassisted hot start temperature control of the hydrogen fuel cell system in combination with the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system, and perform unassisted hot start safety control of the hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0061] In some embodiments, in response to the process of the hydrogen fuel cell system performing unassisted hot start temperature control, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start safety control in combination with the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system, including: In response to the process of the hydrogen fuel cell system performing the unassisted hot start temperature control, the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is compared and judged with the threshold value ΔT; If the temperature difference data between the inlet and outlet of the coolant of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack is greater than the threshold △T, the water pump is turned on, and the corresponding water pump speed n and water pump running time t are set based on the power of the hydrogen fuel cell system; If the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the coolant of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack is less than or equal to the threshold △T, the water pump is turned off; Monitor the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack in real time, and compare the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack with the normal starting power P of the hydrogen fuel cell system. 安 Make comparative judgments; If the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack is greater than or equal to the normal starting power P of the hydrogen fuel cell system 安 , the hydrogen fuel cell system performs normal startup control; If the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack is less than the normal starting power P of the hydrogen fuel cell system 安 , the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack is compared with the threshold value △T for judgment.

[0062] In some embodiments, based on the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start temperature control, including: Compare and judge the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system with the threshold value T1; If the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than or equal to the threshold value T1, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs normal startup control; If the temperature data of the stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than the threshold value T1, the temperature data of the stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is compared with the threshold value T2 for determination; If the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value T2, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant pressure startup control.

[0063] In some embodiments, based on the temperature data of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start temperature control, further comprising: Real-time monitoring of the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system; Compare and judge the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system with the threshold value C1; If the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value C1, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant pressure oxygen starvation start control.

[0064] In some embodiments, in response to a hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant pressure oxygen starvation start control: If the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than the threshold value C1, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant pressure start-up control.

[0065] In some embodiments, in response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant pressure startup control: If the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than the threshold value T2, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant current startup control.

[0066] In some embodiments, in response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant current startup control: Compare and judge the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system with the threshold value C2; If the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value C2, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant flow oxygen starvation start control; In response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant-current oxygen starvation start-up control, if the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than a threshold value C2, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant-current start-up control.

[0067] In some embodiments, in response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant current startup control: Compare and judge the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system with the threshold value T1; If the temperature data of the hydrogen fuel cell system's stack is less than or equal to the threshold value T1, the hydrogen fuel cell system maintains constant current startup control; If the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than the threshold value T1, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs normal startup control.

[0068] It should be noted that the hydrogen fuel cell system provided in the above embodiment does not have an auxiliary thermal start control device, and only uses the division of the above functional modules as an example. In actual applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the equipment can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0069] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device for executing an unassisted hot start control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the computer device includes: The processor 501 includes one or more processing cores. The processor 501 executes various functional applications and data processing by running software programs and modules.

[0070] The receiver 502 and the transmitter 503 can be implemented as a communication component, and the communication component can be a communication chip. Optionally, the communication component can be implemented to include a signal transmission function. That is, the transmitter 503 can be used to transmit a control signal to the image acquisition device and the scanning device, and the receiver 502 can be used to receive the corresponding feedback instruction.

[0071] The memory 504 is connected to the processor 501 via a bus 505 .

[0072] The memory 504 may be used to store at least one instruction, and the processor 501 may be used to execute the at least one instruction to implement each step in the above method embodiment.

[0073] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores at least one instruction, at least one program, code set or instruction set, which is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the above-mentioned hydrogen fuel cell system unassisted heat start control method.

[0074] The present invention also provides a computer program product or a computer program, which includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device executes the non-assisted heat start control method of the hydrogen fuel cell system described in any of the above embodiments.

[0075] Optionally, the computer readable storage medium may include: a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a solid state drive (SSD), or an optical disk. Among them, the random access memory may include a resistance random access memory (ReRAM) and a dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are only for description and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0076] It should be understood that the specific examples herein are only intended to help those skilled in the art to better understand the present disclosure, rather than to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0077] It is understood that in the various implementations of this specification, the size of the sequence number of each process does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the present disclosure.

[0078] It can be understood that the various implementation modes described in this specification can be implemented individually or in combination, and the present disclosure is not limited to this.

[0079] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used in this disclosure have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art of the technical field of this specification. The terms used in this specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of this specification. The term "and / or" used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items. The singular forms of "a", "above", and "the" used in this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

[0080] It can be understood that the processor of the present disclosure can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method implementation method can be completed by the hardware integrated logic circuit or software instructions in the processor. The above processor can be a general processor, a digital signal processor (DigitalSignalProcessor, DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), a field programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. The methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the present disclosure can be implemented or executed. The general processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the method disclosed in the present disclosure can be directly embodied as a hardware decoding processor to perform, or the hardware and software modules in the decoding processor can be combined to perform. The software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, etc. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.

[0081] It is understood that the memory in the present disclosure may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM, PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM). It should be noted that the memory of the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0082] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this specification.

[0083] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method implementation methods and will not be repeated here.

[0084] In the several embodiments provided in this specification, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device implementation described above is only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0085] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.

[0086] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present specification may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0087] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this specification, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of this specification. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk, etc., various media that can store program codes.

[0088] The above is only a specific implementation of this specification, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this specification, which should be included in the protection scope of this specification. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for controlling a hydrogen fuel cell system by hot start without assistance, characterized in that: The method comprises: Real-time monitoring of the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system; Based on the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start temperature control; the unassisted hot start temperature control includes constant pressure start control, constant pressure oxygen starvation start control, constant current start control, and constant current oxygen starvation start control; In response to the process of the hydrogen fuel cell system performing unassisted hot start temperature control, combined with the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start safety control.

2. The unassisted hot start control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In response to the process of the hydrogen fuel cell system performing the unassisted hot start temperature control, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs the unassisted hot start safety control in combination with the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system, including: In response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing unassisted hot start temperature control, comparing and judging the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system with a threshold value ΔT; If the temperature difference data between the inlet and outlet of the coolant of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than the threshold ΔT, the water pump is turned on, and the corresponding water pump speed n and water pump operation time t are set based on the power of the hydrogen fuel cell system; If the temperature difference data between the inlet and outlet of the coolant of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value ΔT, turn off the water pump; Monitor the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack in real time, and compare the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack with the normal starting power P of the hydrogen fuel cell system. 安 Make comparative judgments; If the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack is greater than or equal to the normal starting power P of the hydrogen fuel cell system 安 , the hydrogen fuel cell system performs normal startup control; If the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system stack is less than the normal starting power P of the hydrogen fuel cell system 安 , the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is compared with the threshold value ΔT for judgment.

3. The unassisted hot start control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs temperature control of unassisted hot start, including: Compare and judge the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system with a threshold value T1; If the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than or equal to the threshold value T1, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs normal startup control; If the temperature data of the stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than the threshold value T1, the temperature data of the stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is compared with the threshold value T2 for determination; If the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value T2, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant pressure startup control.

4. The unassisted hot start control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Based on the temperature data of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start temperature control, further comprising: Real-time monitoring of the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system; Compare and judge the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system with a threshold value C1; If the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value C1, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant pressure oxygen starvation start control.

5. The unassisted hot start control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 4, characterized in that: In response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant-pressure oxygen starvation start-up control: If the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than the threshold C1, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant pressure startup control.

6. The unassisted hot start control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that: In response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant pressure start control: If the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than the threshold value T2, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant current startup control.

7. The unassisted hot start control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 6, characterized in that: In response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant current startup control: Compare and judge the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system with a threshold value C2; If the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value C2, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant flow oxygen starvation start control; In response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant-current oxygen starvation start-up control, if the hydrogen tail exhaust concentration C of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than the threshold C2, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs constant-current start-up control.

8. The unassisted hot start control method for a hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 7, characterized in that: In response to the hydrogen fuel cell system performing constant current startup control: Compare and judge the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system with the threshold value T1; If the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is less than or equal to the threshold value T1, the hydrogen fuel cell system maintains the constant current start-up control; If the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system is greater than the threshold value T1, the hydrogen fuel cell system performs normal startup control.

9. A non-assisted hot start control device for a hydrogen fuel cell system, characterized in that: The device is applicable to the unassisted hot start control method of a hydrogen fuel cell system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, and the device comprises: A monitoring module, used to monitor in real time the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system; A control module, configured to perform unassisted hot start temperature control on the hydrogen fuel cell system based on the temperature data of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system; the unassisted hot start temperature control includes constant pressure start control, constant pressure oxygen starvation start control, constant current start control, and constant current oxygen starvation start control; The control module is also used to respond to the process of the hydrogen fuel cell system performing unassisted hot start temperature control, combined with the temperature difference data of the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack of the hydrogen fuel cell system, and the hydrogen fuel cell system performs unassisted hot start safety control.

10. A computer device, characterized in that: The computer device includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores at least one instruction, at least one program, code set or instruction set, and the at least one instruction, at least one program, code set or instruction set is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the hydrogen fuel cell system unassisted thermal start control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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