Photovoltaic system having photovoltaic panel self-cleaning capability and adapting to low-temperature extreme weather

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation systems, particularly relates to a photovoltaic system with photovoltaic panel self-cleaning capability and adapting to low-temperature extreme weather, and solves the problem of low adaptability to extreme weather such as low temperature, rain, snow, hail and the like. The photovoltaic system having the photovoltaic panel self-cleaning capability and adapting to the low-temperature extreme weather comprises a bottom frame, a photovoltaic panel arranged on the bottom frame and a battery electrically connected with the photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic panel is rotationally connected to the bottom frame through a mounting frame. A turnover driving mechanism used for adjusting the inclination angle and / or turnover of the photovoltaic panel is arranged between the mounting frame and the bottom frame, and a panel cleaning mechanism is arranged between the photovoltaic panel and the mounting frame; the bottom frame is further provided with a plate face washing mechanism. The battery is arranged in a battery storage device which is at least used for carrying out heating and heat preservation on the battery in low-temperature weather. Good adaptability to extreme weather such as low-temperature weather, rain, snow, hail and the like is realized, and the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation systems, and in particular relates to a photovoltaic system that has a photovoltaic panel self-cleaning capability and is adaptable to low temperature extreme weather. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic panels are devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy, usually composed of many photovoltaic cells. Its working principle is to use the photoelectric effect of semiconductor materials. When light shines on the surface of the cell on the light-receiving side, it will excite electrons to generate current. Photovoltaic panels have the advantages of being environmentally friendly, renewable, and noise-free, and are widely used in fields such as solar power generation systems.

[0003] When it snows in winter, snow easily accumulates on photovoltaic panels, affecting photovoltaic efficiency. In addition, due to the lower temperature, snow easily freezes on photovoltaic panels, especially at night when the temperature is lower, which makes it more likely to freeze. Ice cubes are often difficult to fall off, and they need to be exposed to light for a long time and the temperature rises before they melt and fall off. This undoubtedly shortens the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels. In the current existing technology, most photovoltaic power generation equipment does not have a corresponding snow removal structure or anti-icing structure, which affects the power generation efficiency. In addition, the charging and discharging efficiency of batteries used to store electrical energy is greatly reduced in low temperature environments, and most photovoltaic power generation systems currently lack related structures for heating and keeping the batteries warm, and have low environmental adaptability. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and to propose a photovoltaic system with strong environmental adaptability, self-cleaning capability of photovoltaic panels and adaptability to low temperature extreme weather.

[0005] In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the following technical solutions can be used:

[0006] A photovoltaic system with self-cleaning capability of photovoltaic panels and adaptable to extreme low temperature weather, comprising a base frame, a photovoltaic panel arranged on the base frame, and a battery electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel, wherein the photovoltaic panel is rotatably connected to the base frame via a mounting frame, and a flipping drive mechanism for adjusting the tilt angle and / or flipping of the photovoltaic panel is provided between the mounting frame and the base frame, a panel surface cleaning mechanism is provided between the photovoltaic panel and the mounting frame; a panel surface flushing mechanism for flushing the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic panel is also provided on the base frame; and the battery is provided in a battery storage device for at least heating and keeping the battery warm in low temperature weather.

[0007] In the photovoltaic system of the present invention, which has the self-cleaning ability of photovoltaic panels and is adaptable to low temperature extreme weather, the photovoltaic panels are fixedly mounted on the mounting frame, and power generation is achieved through the photoelectric effect after receiving sunlight. The mounting frame is rotatably connected to the base frame and can rotate 360 ​​degrees. In the general working state, the light-receiving surface faces upward, and the flip driving mechanism is used to drive the rotation of the mounting frame. On the one hand, the inclination angle of the light-receiving surface can be adjusted to maximize the photovoltaic power generation efficiency. On the other hand, on winter nights, especially snowy nights, the photovoltaic panels are rotated to the light-receiving surface vertically or downwardly, which can prevent snow and water from accumulating on the photovoltaic panels, especially on the light-receiving surface, and prevent the light-receiving surface from affecting the photovoltaic power generation efficiency during the day or even being damaged due to ice, and avoid the problem of the photovoltaic panels being overweight due to snow accumulation and crushing the base frame or the mounting frame. The board surface cleaning mechanism is used to sweep away dust, dirt, snow and other debris on the board surface, and the board surface flushing mechanism cleans the reaction surface by flushing. The board surface cleaning mechanism and the board surface flushing mechanism work together to clean more cleanly. The electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic panels is first stored in batteries in the form of chemical energy. The batteries are stored in battery storage devices. On the one hand, this can protect the batteries. On the other hand, the battery storage device has the function of heating and heat preservation, which can ensure that the batteries are at an ideal temperature, especially in low temperature and severe cold environments, so that the batteries maintain good charging and discharging performance and improve environmental adaptability.

[0008] In the above-mentioned photovoltaic system with the photovoltaic panel self-cleaning ability and adaptable to low temperature extreme weather, the two sides of the base frame are transversely penetrated with mounting frame connecting holes, and the middle part of the two sides of the mounting frame is fixed with connecting rods, and the connecting rods are rotatably connected to the mounting frame connecting holes. The flip drive assembly includes a flip drive motor, and the flip drive motor is fixed on the base frame, and its output end is transmission-connected to the connecting rod.

[0009] A mounting frame connecting hole is provided on the side of the base frame, and connecting rods on both sides of the mounting frame are inserted into the mounting frame connecting holes to realize rotational connection. The structure is simple and easy to install. Moreover, the connecting rod is arranged in the middle position of the mounting frame, which is more conducive to controlling the rotation of the mounting frame. The flipping drive motor is fixed on the base frame to provide the driving force required for the rotation of the mounting frame. The flipping drive motor is connected to the connecting rod through a first transmission structure to realize synchronous rotation. The transmission structure is common knowledge and will not be elaborated in detail.

[0010] In the above-mentioned photovoltaic system with the self-cleaning ability of photovoltaic panels and adaptable to low temperature extreme weather, the panel surface cleaning mechanism includes a brush roller arranged on a mounting frame, and the brush roller moves translationally above the photovoltaic panel through a translation drive structure, and its action part and the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic panel are brushed together, and a brush roller rotation drive structure that generates a rotational driving force through the translational movement of the brush roller is provided between the brush roller and the mounting frame; the translation drive structure is provided with two groups, which are respectively located on both sides of the mounting frame, including mutually meshing drive screws and screw nuts, and the drive screw is rotatably connected to the mounting frame through a screw mounting seat, and the two ends of the brush roller are respectively connected to the screw nuts, and the screw nuts slide on the upper end surface of the mounting frame, and a translation drive motor is fixed on the mounting frame, and the output end of the translation drive motor is transmission-connected to the drive screw.

[0011] The brush roller is translated parallel to the light-receiving surface through the translation drive structure, and its action part is always in contact with the light-receiving surface during translation, and is used to brush away snow and other debris on the light-receiving surface, thereby improving photovoltaic efficiency and preventing snow accumulation and icing. There are two sets of lead screw nuts and drive screws, which are located on both sides of the mounting frame. The translation drive motor is connected to the two drive screws at the same time through the second transmission structure, which is used to provide rotational driving force to the drive screws. The lead screw nut is engaged with the drive screw, and the brush roller is connected between the two lead screw nuts. When the drive screw rotates, the lead screw nut moves along the length direction of the drive screw to achieve the effect of controlling the translation of the brush roller. The transmission structure is common knowledge and will not be elaborated in detail.

[0012] In the above-mentioned photovoltaic system with photovoltaic panel self-cleaning ability and adaptable to low temperature extreme weather, the brush roller is rotatably connected to the connecting frame, the connecting frame is fixed on the screw nut, and the brush roller rotation drive structure is provided between the connecting frame and the driving screw; the connecting frame includes a U-shaped block with an opening facing downward, the screw nut is located in the opening and is detachably fixed to the connecting frame, a brush roller connecting hole is transversely penetrated on the U-shaped block, and the end shaft of the brush roller is rotatably connected to the brush roller connecting hole; the brush roller rotation drive structure includes a transmission gear located in the U-shaped block, the transmission gear is sleeved on the end shaft and meshed with the driving screw, and an anti-rotation structure is provided between the brush roller and the transmission gear; the brush roller includes a coarse hair roller and a fine hair roller parallel to each other, and the length of the bristles is greater than the distance between the center axis of the brush roller and the light-receiving surface.

[0013] The brush roller is rotatably connected to the screw nut through a connecting frame, and the brush roller rotation driving structure is used to synchronously drive the screw and the brush roller to rotate, so as to achieve the effect of circumferential rotation while the brush roller translates, thereby optimizing the effect of the brush roller in brushing snow. The U-shaped block is buckled on the screw nut and fixed, and the brush roller connection hole passes through the U-shaped block horizontally. The brush roller is inserted into the brush roller connection hole to achieve rotational connection. The structure is simple, and the U-shaped block has the advantage of being lightweight. A transmission gear is sleeved on the brush roller, and the anti-rotation structure is used to limit the relative rotation of the brush roller and the transmission gear. The transmission gear is located between the two side plates of the U-shaped block to avoid axial running. At the same time, the transmission gear is located just above the driving screw and meshes synchronously. The effect of driving the driving screw to rotate can be achieved by rotating the driving screw, thereby reducing the cost of the driver. There are two brush rollers, one with coarse bristles and the other with fine bristles. The coarse bristle roller has a strong rolling force and can brush away thin ice or debris that is firmly attached, while the fine bristle roller has a better rolling effect on small debris and can brush them more cleanly. The coarse bristle roller and the fine bristle roller cooperate to optimize the rolling effect. The length of the bristles is greater than the distance between the center rod and the light-receiving surface, ensuring that the bristles and the light-receiving surface fully interact.

[0014] As an optimization, the anti-rotation structure includes an inner pin groove and an outer pin groove which are axially opened on the inner ring of the transmission gear and the outer wall of the brush roller respectively, and a limit pin is clamped between the outer pin groove and the inner pin groove.

[0015] The inner pin groove and the outer pin groove are located at the intersection of the transmission gear and the brush roller, and the limit pin is clamped between the outer pin groove and the inner pin groove to limit the relative rotation of the transmission gear and the brush roller.

[0016] As an optimization, the spacing between the two side plates of the U-shaped block is equal to or slightly larger than the width of the screw nut, at least two fixing holes are penetrated through the side plates, a screw connecting screw hole is opened on the side of the screw nut, and the screw connecting screw passes through the fixing hole and engages with the screw connecting screw hole.

[0017] The width of the inner groove of the U-shaped block is adapted to the width of the screw nut, so that the U-shaped block can be covered and buckled on the screw nut, which facilitates the fixation between the U-shaped block and the screw nut. The connecting screws are arranged horizontally, and the fixing holes passing through the side panels of the U-shaped block are engaged with the connecting screw holes on the sides of the screw nut. Each side panel is provided with multiple groups of fixing holes, connecting screw holes and connecting screws to prevent the screw nut and the U-shaped block from rotating relative to each other, making the fixation more stable. At the same time, a detachable connection is formed between them, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly.

[0018] In the above photovoltaic system with photovoltaic panel self-cleaning capability and adaptable to low temperature extreme weather, the battery storage device comprises a box for storing batteries, a heating structure is provided between the bottom plate of the box and the bottom surface of the battery, and a heat exchange structure is provided below the heating structure for releasing heat and keeping the outer peripheral side of the battery warm after absorbing the heat of the heating structure;

[0019] At least three partitions are horizontally fixed on the inner wall of the box body through a detachable structure, and the partitions include an upper partition, a middle partition and a bottom plate. A battery storage cavity for placing batteries is formed between the upper partition and the box cover, a heating cavity for setting a heating structure is formed between the upper partition and the middle partition, and a heat exchange cavity for setting a heat exchange structure is formed between the middle partition and the bottom plate.

[0020] The battery storage device is used to store batteries, wherein the heating structure is used to heat the batteries from the bottom, and the heat exchange structure absorbs heat from the heating structure through a medium such as a heat exchange fluid, and transfers the heat to the periphery of the battery to heat the battery from the side. The heating of the bottom and sides makes the heating and insulation of the battery more uniform and comprehensive. Moreover, the heating structure is located between the heat exchange structure and the battery, and the heat generated by it is absorbed by the battery and the heat exchange structure from the upper and lower sides, with high energy utilization rate. Multiple cavities are separated inside the box by partitions for separately storing batteries, heating structures and heat exchange structures, separating and protecting each component separately, avoiding interference between the components, and the partitions and the box are detachable and fixed, making disassembly and assembly convenient.

[0021] In the above-mentioned photovoltaic system with photovoltaic panel self-cleaning ability and adaptable to low temperature extreme weather, the detachable structure includes at least four connecting grooves evenly distributed on the side walls around the partition and an X-shaped connecting piece that is just stuck in the connecting groove. The side wall of the box body is provided with a partition connecting hole, and the bolt passes through the partition connecting hole and engages with the partition connecting screw hole of the connecting piece; the connecting plate of the connecting piece is parallel to the side wall of the box body, and a drainage outlet is formed between the connecting plate and the bottom surface of the connecting groove and / or the inner wall of the box body.

[0022] The size of the partition is adapted to the horizontal cross-sectional size of the box, that is, the partition is just arranged in the box in a horizontal state, a connector is clamped in the connecting groove on the side wall of the partition, the connector and the partition are vertically limited, and bolts are simultaneously passed through the partition connecting hole on the box and the connecting screw hole of the connector to realize the detachable fixation of the partition, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly and has a good fixing effect. The connecting plate is arranged parallel to the bottom surface of the connecting groove and the inner side wall of the box, and a vertically penetrating drainage port is formed between the connecting plate and the box and between the connecting plate and the bottom surface of the connecting groove, which can be used to downwardly discharge the accumulated water formed due to the temperature difference between the inside and the outside, etc. The drainage ports of each partition are arranged on the same vertical line, which is convenient for the accumulated water in the box to be discharged out of the box.

[0023] As an optimization, the connecting piece includes a connecting plate and two U-shaped portions respectively arranged at both ends of the connecting plate and opening outward, the width of the opening is adapted to the thickness of the partition, and the spacing between the inner bottom surfaces of the two openings is adapted to the width of the connecting groove, and the connecting plate is provided with the partition connecting screw holes.

[0024] The connecting piece is embedded in the connecting groove in such a way that the length direction of the U-shaped part and the depth direction of the connecting groove are consistent. The partitions on both sides of the connecting groove are embedded in the U-shaped part to achieve vertical limiting. A connecting plate is vertically arranged between the two U-shaped parts. The connecting plate is parallel to the side wall of the box body. Connecting screw holes are arranged through the upper thickness direction of the connecting plate for screwing with horizontally arranged bolts.

[0025] In the above-mentioned photovoltaic system with self-cleaning capability of photovoltaic panels and adaptable to low temperature extreme weather, the heating structure includes a heating plate assembly, the thickness of the heating plate assembly is adapted to the thickness of the heating chamber, a power connection hole is opened on the side of the box body, and the power supply end of the heating plate assembly is connected to the power supply through the power connection hole.

[0026] The heating structure is heated by a plate-shaped heating plate assembly. The plate-shaped shape is adapted to the heating chamber. The heating surfaces on the upper and lower end faces are conducive to transferring heat to the battery above and the heat exchange structure below. The electrical through holes are used to connect the power supply end of the heating plate assembly to the power source. The heating plate assembly is common knowledge and will not be elaborated on in detail.

[0027] In the above-mentioned photovoltaic system with self-cleaning ability of photovoltaic panels and adaptable to low temperature extreme weather, the heat exchange structure includes a heat exchange tube with heat exchange fluid flowing therein, and the heat exchange tube includes an integrally connected heat absorption section and a heat exchange section, and the heat absorption section is located in the heat exchange cavity, and the heat exchange section passes through the heat exchange tube holes of the middle partition and the upper partition in turn to enter the battery storage cavity, and spirally surrounds the outside of the battery, and the rear end of the heat exchange section and the front end of the heat absorption section are connected by a pressure pump assembly pipeline.

[0028] The heat exchange structure achieves heat conduction through heat exchange tubes with heat exchange fluid flowing through them. The heat absorption section is arranged in the heat exchange cavity, and is mainly used to absorb the heat generated by the heating plate assembly from below. The heat exchange section is used to conduct the absorbed heat to the periphery of the battery through the heat exchange fluid. The circulation of the heat exchange fluid is driven by the pressure pump assembly. The pressure pump assembly and its connection details are common knowledge and will not be elaborated in detail.

[0029] As an optimization, the side wall of the box body is provided with a first through hole connected to the heat exchange chamber, and a second through hole connected to the upper part of the battery storage chamber, the front end of the heat absorption section is penetrated by the first through hole, and the rear end of the heat exchange tube is penetrated by the second through hole.

[0030] The first through hole and the second through hole are respectively located at the lower and upper parts of the side wall of the box body, and are used for the heat exchange tube to pass in and out. The pressure pump assembly is arranged outside the box body. The heat exchange tube is connected to the water inlet end of the pressure pump assembly after passing through the second through hole, and the water outlet end is connected to the heat exchange tube. The heat exchange tube passes through the heat exchange cavity from the first through hole, passes through the heating cavity and the battery storage cavity, and then passes out from the second through hole to form a closed loop.

[0031] As an optimization, a plurality of L-shaped positioning buckles are evenly distributed circumferentially on the side wall of the battery storage cavity, and the heights of the L-shaped positioning buckles increase successively. The heat exchange section is clamped on the positioning buckles, and the L-shaped positioning buckles and the inner wall of the box body are adhesively fixed or removably fixed by bolts.

[0032] The heat exchange section is spirally wrapped around the periphery of the battery, which heats the battery more evenly and comprehensively. The heat exchange section is fixed between the inner wall of the box body by an L-shaped positioning buckle. The L-shaped positioning buckle is fixed on the inner wall of the box body, and the heat exchange tube is directly clamped therein, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly. As an optimization, the L-shaped positioning buckle and the inner wall of the box body are bonded and fixed or removably fixed by bolts. The setting is flexible and can adapt to different heat exchange tube surrounding densities and directions.

[0033] As an optimization, the heat absorption section is in a spiral or S-shaped disk, and a heat insulation layer is provided under the bottom plate.

[0034] The heat absorbing section can be vortex-shaped or S-shaped, and the coil density is large, which is more conducive to absorbing the heat of the heating structure. The insulation layer under the bottom plate has a good insulation effect, reducing the heat exchange between the upper and lower sides of the bottom plate and improving energy utilization.

[0035] As an optimization, the box body is also provided with an air cooling structure, which includes an air inlet and an air outlet opened on the side wall of the box body and connected to the battery storage cavity, and the air inlet is connected to a blowing component. The air inlet is close to the upper partition, and the air outlet is close to the box cover, and the air inlet and the air outlet are arranged opposite to each other.

[0036] The air cooling structure is particularly suitable for cooling in high-temperature environments in summer. The blowing component blows high-pressure gas from the air inlet, and the gas is discharged from the air outlet through the battery storage cavity, taking away heat to achieve the purpose of cooling. As an optimization, the air inlet is close to the upper partition, and the air outlet is close to the box cover. The air inlet and the air blowing port are arranged relative to each other, which increases the path length of the high-pressure gas, takes away more heat, and improves the cooling effect.

[0037] In the above-mentioned photovoltaic system with self-cleaning capability of photovoltaic panels and adaptable to low temperature extreme weather, the panel surface flushing mechanism includes a water storage structure and a water spraying structure, the water storage structure and the water spraying structure are connected by a water supply pipeline, the water spraying structure is arranged on the mounting frame, and its water spraying port is facing the photovoltaic panel, a boosting component is provided between the water supply pipeline and the water storage structure, and a venting component for low temperature antifreeze is provided on the water supply pipeline.

[0038] The water storage structure of the panel surface flushing mechanism is used to store flushing water. The water spraying structure pressurizes the flushing water through the booster component and then sprays it toward the reaction surface of the photovoltaic panel to achieve the effect of flushing the reaction surface. The water supply pipeline is used to transport water between the water storage structure and the water spraying structure. The drain component is used to drain the stored water in the water supply pipeline, especially in an environment with a temperature below freezing. This can prevent the stored water from freezing in the water supply pipeline and affecting the normal water spraying or even causing the rupture of the water supply pipeline, thereby improving the adaptability to cold environments.

[0039] In the above-mentioned photovoltaic system with self-cleaning ability of photovoltaic panels and adaptable to low temperature extreme weather, the water storage structure includes a water tank, which is buried underground and located below the battery storage device; the water spray structure includes a nozzle fixing seat fixed on the base frame, and a fan-shaped nozzle detachably fixed on the nozzle fixing seat, the fan-shaped nozzle is connected to the water supply pipeline and faces the photovoltaic panel; the boosting component includes a boosting pump, which is connected in series between the water supply pipeline and the water tank, and the water supply pipeline is passed through the support legs of the base frame; the venting component includes an exhaust valve, which is connected in series to the water supply pipeline and is used to be opened in a low temperature environment to vent the water stored in the pipe.

[0040] The water storage structure specifically stores flushing water through a water tank, which is buried underground to reduce the impact of ambient temperature changes on it. Moreover, the buried position is located below the battery storage device. When the battery storage device is heated and insulated, the heat dissipated outward can further reduce the impact of the low temperature environment on the water tank. The water spraying structure specifically realizes water spraying by a fan-shaped nozzle, and the sprayed water is fan-shaped. The width of the fan is adapted to the width of the photovoltaic panel, thereby ensuring the flushing effect on the entire photovoltaic panel and making the flushing more comprehensive. The fan-shaped nozzle can be detachably fixed by a nozzle fixing seat, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly, and is convenient for later maintenance and replacement. In addition, the main part of the water supply pipeline is passed through the legs of the base frame to separate it from the external environment. On the one hand, it avoids direct sunlight exposure to the pipeline and improves its service life. On the other hand, it also has a certain thermal insulation effect in a low temperature environment. As a further optimization, thermal insulation material is provided between the water supply pipeline and the base frame to further improve the thermal insulation effect. The venting component is mainly realized by the exhaust valve, which is opened when it is needed. Due to the connection between the inside and outside atmosphere, the water in the pipe will flow back to the water storage tank. The fan-shaped nozzle, nozzle fixing seat, booster pump and exhaust valve are all common knowledge and will not be elaborated here.

[0041] In the above-mentioned photovoltaic system with the self-cleaning ability of photovoltaic panels and adaptable to low temperature extreme weather, it includes an electrically connected control panel, a weather detection component and a rainwater collection mechanism. The control panel is also electrically connected to the flip drive mechanism, the panel cleaning mechanism and the battery storage device respectively, and is used to realize one or more operations of flipping the photovoltaic panels in severe hail weather, flipping the photovoltaic panels at night in snowy weather, sweeping the snow on the photovoltaic panels during the day in snowy weather, and adaptively adjusting the light receiving angle of the photovoltaic panels according to the position of the sun; the control panel is also connected to a remote control module; a protective backboard is provided on the back of the photovoltaic panel, and the protective backboard can be detachably fixed on the mounting frame; the rainwater collection mechanism is connected to the panel flushing mechanism, at least for collecting rainwater on rainy days and replenishing it to the panel flushing mechanism.

[0042] The photovoltaic system with the self-cleaning ability of photovoltaic panels and adapting to low temperature extreme weather is provided with a weather detection component, which is used to monitor the current weather in real time, including weather data such as rain, snow, hail, temperature, and light angle. The data is transmitted to the control panel, and the control panel makes corresponding countermeasures for different weather conditions according to the set program, thereby improving the environmental adaptability and automation level. In addition to the automatic control function, the control panel is also provided with a remote control module, which can be remotely and manually controlled by the management personnel to start and stop the corresponding actions, thereby improving the accuracy of responding to different situations. A protective backboard is also provided on the back of the photovoltaic panel, and the backboard has a large structural strength, which can be particularly used to avoid damage to the photovoltaic panel caused by extreme weather such as hail. In addition, the photovoltaic system with the self-cleaning ability of photovoltaic panels and adapting to low temperature extreme weather is also provided with a rainwater collection mechanism, which can be used to collect rainwater and transport the rainwater to the water storage structure of the panel flushing mechanism, without the need to set up a water supply mechanism, thereby reducing the setting cost, and also meeting the conditions for setting up the photovoltaic system with the self-cleaning ability of photovoltaic panels and adapting to low temperature extreme weather in the field with imperfect supporting facilities.

[0043] As an optimization, the rainwater collection structure includes a water-collecting umbrella, which includes a vertically arranged main pole, a circular umbrella surface is provided at the upper end of the main pole, a lifting block is sleeved on the main pole, and umbrella ribs are provided between the lifting block and the bottom surface of the umbrella surface. The umbrella ribs are axially evenly distributed on the outside of the main pole, and the two ends are respectively hinged to the lifting block and the bottom surface of the umbrella surface. The main pole is hollow inside, and a water flow channel is provided from top to bottom. The lower end of the water flow channel is connected to the water tank of the water storage structure through a water flow pipe. The lifting block is limited on the main pole by a pin assembly, and has at least a sunshade position that keeps the umbrella surface in a convex state and a water receiving position that keeps the umbrella surface concave.

[0044] The rainwater collection structure specifically collects water through a water receiving umbrella. The water receiving umbrella is actually similar to the traditional umbrella structure, consisting of a main pole, an umbrella surface arranged at the upper end of the main pole, and a lifting block for controlling the state of the umbrella surface. The lifting block and the main pole are detachably fixed by a latch assembly, which is convenient for realizing or releasing the corresponding fixed state. When the lifting block is located at a lower sunshade position, the umbrella surface is convex in the middle and tilted downward at the periphery, which is the same as the state of an ordinary umbrella to block rain and shade the sun. The water receiving umbrella can be set on the roof. The sunshade state can be used to block part of the sunlight on the roof, and the convex state also avoids the accumulation of debris such as leaves on the umbrella surface; when the lifting block is located at a higher water receiving position, the umbrella surface is concave funnel-shaped, which can be used to gather rainwater. The upper end of the water passage is located in the low position of the umbrella surface. Rainwater enters the water passage and is collected in the water storage tank through the water pipe to realize rainwater collection. Even in order to improve the degree of automation, the lifting control and fixed limit of the lifting block can also be achieved through corresponding lifting components, such as a drive cylinder or a motor screw, etc., which will not be elaborated in detail. In addition, the water-collecting umbrella is generally similar to a traditional umbrella, and the specific structure of its umbrella surface, main rod, umbrella ribs and lifting block and the details of the coordination between them are common knowledge and will not be further elaborated.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention mainly has the following advantages:

[0046] 1. The flip drive mechanism is used to drive the rotation of the mounting frame. On the one hand, it can adjust the inclination angle of the light-receiving surface to maximize the photovoltaic power generation efficiency. On the other hand, on winter nights, especially snowy nights, the photovoltaic panel is rotated to the light-receiving surface vertically or downwardly to avoid snow and water accumulation on the photovoltaic panel, especially on the light-receiving surface, to prevent the light-receiving surface from affecting the photovoltaic power generation efficiency during the day or even being damaged due to ice, and to avoid the problem of the photovoltaic panel being overwhelmed by the weight of the snow-covered chassis or mounting frame. The panel cleaning mechanism is used to sweep away dust, dirt, snow and other debris on the panel surface, and the panel flushing mechanism cleans the reaction surface by flushing. The panel cleaning mechanism and the panel flushing mechanism work together to clean more cleanly. The electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic panel is first stored in the battery in the form of chemical energy. The battery is stored in the battery storage device. On the one hand, it can protect the battery. On the other hand, the battery storage device has the function of heating and heat preservation. Especially in low temperature and severe cold environment, it can ensure that the battery is at an ideal temperature, so that the battery maintains good charging and discharging performance and improves environmental adaptability.

[0047] 2. The battery storage device is used to store batteries, wherein the heating structure is used to heat the battery from the bottom, and the heat exchange structure heats the battery from the side. The heating of the bottom and sides makes the heating and insulation of the battery more uniform and comprehensive. Moreover, the heating structure is located between the heat exchange structure and the battery, and the heat generated by the heating structure is absorbed by the battery and the heat exchange structure from the upper and lower sides, with high energy utilization.

[0048] 3. The connecting plate is arranged parallel to the bottom surface of the connecting groove and the inner wall of the box body, and a vertically penetrating drainage port is formed between the connecting plate and the box body and between the connecting plate and the bottom surface of the connecting groove, which can be used to discharge the accumulated water formed due to the temperature difference between the inside and the outside.

[0049] 4. The water storage structure of the panel flushing mechanism is used to store flushing water. The water spraying structure pressurizes the flushing water through the booster component and then sprays it toward the reaction surface of the photovoltaic panel to achieve the effect of flushing the reaction surface. The water supply pipeline is used to transport water between the water storage structure and the water spraying structure. The venting component is used to empty the stored water in the water supply pipeline, especially in an environment with a temperature below freezing point to drain the stored water to prevent freezing.

[0050] 5. The water storage structure specifically stores flushing water through a water tank. The water tank is buried underground to reduce the impact of ambient temperature changes on it. Moreover, the buried position is located below the battery storage device. When the battery storage device is heated and insulated, the heat dissipated to the outside can further reduce the impact of the low temperature environment on the water tank. The main part of the water supply pipeline is passed through the legs of the base frame and separated from the external environment. On the one hand, it avoids direct sunlight on the pipeline and increases its service life. On the other hand, it also has a certain thermal insulation effect in a low temperature environment.

[0051] 6. A protective backboard is also provided on the back of the photovoltaic panel. The backboard has a relatively high structural strength and can be particularly used to prevent damage to the photovoltaic panel caused by extreme weather such as hail.

[0052] 7. The rainwater collection mechanism is used to collect rainwater and transport the rainwater to the water storage structure of the panel flushing mechanism. There is no need to set up an additional water supply mechanism, which reduces the installation cost and meets the conditions for setting up the photovoltaic system with self-cleaning ability of photovoltaic panels and adaptability to low temperature extreme weather in the field where the supporting facilities are not perfect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure provided by the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of the details at C in the middle;

[0055] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery storage device provided by the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 is a bottom view schematic diagram of a battery storage device provided by the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross section at AA in the middle;

[0058] Figure 6It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hidden box of the battery storage device provided by the present invention;

[0059] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A magnified view of the detail at D in the middle;

[0060] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the coordination of the battery, the heating structure and the heat exchange structure provided by the present invention;

[0061] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the box provided by the present invention;

[0062] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the connecting piece provided by the present invention;

[0063] Fig.11 It is a schematic structural diagram of the water receiving umbrella provided by the present invention in a water receiving state;

[0064] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water receiving umbrella provided by the present invention in a sunshade state;

[0065] Fig.13 yes Figure 1 Enlarged detail of point B in the middle.

[0066] In the figure, battery 10, box body 11, bottom plate 12, heating structure 13, heat exchange structure 14, partition 15, upper partition 16, middle partition 17, box cover 18, battery storage chamber 19, heating chamber 20, heat exchange chamber 21, connecting groove 22, connecting piece 23, partition connecting hole 24, connecting screw hole 25, connecting plate 26, U-shaped portion 27, drain port 28, power connection hole 29, heating plate assembly 30, power taking end 31, heat exchange tube 32, heat absorption section 33, heat exchange section 34, first through hole 35, second through hole 36, positioning buckle 37, insulation layer 38, air inlet 39, air outlet 40, bottom frame 50, photovoltaic panel 51, mounting frame 52, connecting frame 53, flip drive mechanism 54, board surface cleaning mechanism 55, board surface flushing mechanism 56, battery storage Device 57, mounting frame connecting hole 58, connecting rod 59, flip drive motor 60, brush roller 61, translation drive structure 62, brush roller rotation drive structure 63, drive screw 64, screw nut 65, screw mounting seat 66, translation drive motor 67, U-shaped block 69, transmission gear 70, end shaft 71, brush roller connecting hole 72, anti-rotation structure 73, coarse hair roller 74, fine hair roller 75, fixing hole 76, screw connecting screw 77, water storage structure 78, water spraying structure 79, water delivery pipeline 80, booster component 81, fan-shaped nozzle 82, nozzle fixing seat 83, exhaust valve 84, rainwater collection mechanism 85, water receiving umbrella 86, main rod 87, umbrella surface 88, lifting block 89, umbrella rib 90, water passage 91, water storage tank 92, emptying component 93. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solution of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0068] Specific implementation examples Figure 1-13 As shown, the photovoltaic system with the self-cleaning ability of the photovoltaic panel and adaptable to low temperature extreme weather includes a base frame 50, a photovoltaic panel 51 arranged on the base frame 50, and a battery 10 electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel 51. The photovoltaic panel 51 is rotatably connected to the base frame 50 through a mounting frame 52, and a flipping drive mechanism 54 for adjusting the tilt angle and / or flipping of the photovoltaic panel 51 is provided between the mounting frame 52 and the base frame 50, and a panel surface cleaning mechanism 55 is provided between the photovoltaic panel 51 and the mounting frame 52; a panel surface flushing mechanism 56 for flushing the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic panel 51 is also provided on the base frame 50; the battery 10 is arranged in a battery storage device 57 for at least heating and keeping the battery 10 warm in low temperature weather.

[0069] Specifically, in the photovoltaic system of the present invention which has the self-cleaning ability of photovoltaic panels and can adapt to low temperature extreme weather, the photovoltaic panel 51 is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame 52, and generates electricity through the photoelectric effect after receiving sunlight. The mounting frame 52 is rotatably connected to the base frame 50 and can rotate 360 ​​degrees. In the normal working state, the light-receiving surface faces upward. The flip drive mechanism 54 is used to drive the rotation of the mounting frame 52. On the one hand, the inclination angle of the light-receiving surface can be adjusted to maximize the photovoltaic power generation efficiency. On the other hand, on winter nights, especially snowy nights, the photovoltaic panel 51 is rotated so that the light-receiving surface is vertical or downward to avoid snow and water accumulation on the photovoltaic panel 51, especially on the light-receiving surface, to prevent the light-receiving surface from affecting the photovoltaic power generation efficiency during the day or even being damaged due to freezing, and to avoid the problem of the excessive weight of the photovoltaic panel 51 due to the accumulation of snow crushing the base frame 50 or the mounting frame 52. The panel cleaning mechanism 55 is used to sweep away dust, dirt, snow and other debris on the panel surface, and the panel flushing mechanism 56 cleans the reaction surface by flushing. The panel cleaning mechanism 55 and the panel flushing mechanism 56 work together to clean more thoroughly. The electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic panel 51 is first stored in the battery 10 in the form of chemical energy. The battery 10 is stored in the battery storage device 57. On the one hand, it can protect the battery 10. On the other hand, the battery 10 storage device has the function of heating and heat preservation, especially in a low temperature and severe cold environment, it can ensure that the battery 10 is at an ideal temperature, so that the battery 10 maintains good charging and discharging performance and improves environmental adaptability.

[0070] like Figure 1As shown, mounting frame connecting holes 58 are horizontally penetrated on both sides of the base frame 50, and connecting rods 59 are fixed in the middle of both sides of the mounting frame 52. The connecting rods 59 are rotatably connected to the mounting frame connecting holes 58. The flipping drive mechanism includes a flipping drive motor 60, which is fixed on the base frame 50, and its output end is transmission-connected to the connecting rod 59.

[0071] Specifically, a mounting frame connecting hole 58 is provided on the side of the base frame 50, and connecting rods 59 on both sides of the mounting frame 52 are inserted into the mounting frame connecting hole 58 to realize rotational connection. The structure is simple and the installation is convenient. Moreover, the connecting rod 59 is arranged at the middle position of the mounting frame 52, which is more conducive to controlling the rotation of the mounting frame 52. The flipping drive motor 60 is fixed on the base frame 50, and is used to provide the driving force required for the rotation of the mounting frame 52. The flipping drive motor 60 is connected to the connecting rod 59 through the first transmission structure to realize synchronous rotation.

[0072] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the panel cleaning mechanism 55 includes a brush roller 61 arranged on the mounting frame 52, and the brush roller 61 is translated above the photovoltaic panel 51 through the translation driving structure 62, and its action part and the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic panel 51 are brushed together, and a brush roller rotation driving structure 63 for generating a rotational driving force through the translation movement of the brush roller 61 is provided between the brush roller 61 and the mounting frame 52; the translation driving structure 62 is provided with two groups, which are respectively located on both sides of the mounting frame 52, including mutually meshing driving screws 64 and screw nuts 65, the driving screw 64 is rotatably connected to the mounting frame 52 through a screw mounting seat 66, and the two ends of the brush roller 61 are respectively connected to the screw nuts 65, and the screw nuts 65 slide on the upper end surface of the mounting frame 52, and a translation driving motor 67 is fixed on the mounting frame 52, and the output end of the translation driving motor 67 is transmission-connected to the driving screw 64. The brush roller 61 is rotatably connected to the connecting frame 53, and the connecting frame 53 is fixed on the screw nut 65. A brush roller rotation driving structure 63 is provided between the connecting frame 53 and the driving screw 64; the connecting frame 53 includes a U-shaped block 69 with an opening facing downward, and the screw nut 65 is located in the opening and is detachably fixed to the connecting frame 53. A brush roller connecting hole 72 is horizontally penetrated on the U-shaped block 69, and the end shaft 71 of the brush roller 61 is rotatably connected to the brush roller connecting hole 72; the brush roller rotation driving structure 63 includes a transmission gear 70 located in the U-shaped block 69, the transmission gear 70 is sleeved on the end shaft 71, and is meshed with the driving screw 64, and an anti-rotation structure 73 is provided between the brush roller 61 and the transmission gear 70; the brush roller 61 includes a coarse hair roller 74 and a fine hair roller 75 parallel to each other, and the length of the bristles is greater than the distance between the central axis of the brush roller 61 and the light-receiving surface.

[0073] Specifically, the brush roller 61 is translated parallel to the light-receiving surface through the translation drive structure 62, and its action part is always in contact with the light-receiving surface during translation, and is used to brush away snow and other debris on the light-receiving surface, thereby improving the photovoltaic efficiency and preventing snow from icing. There are two sets of screw nuts 65 and drive screws 64, which are respectively located on both sides of the mounting frame 52. The translation drive motor 67 is connected to the two drive screws 64 through the second transmission structure at the same time, and is used to provide a rotational driving force to the drive screws 64. The second transmission structure is common knowledge and will not be expanded. The screw nut 65 is engaged with the drive screw 64, and the brush roller 61 is connected between the two screw nuts 65. When the drive screw 64 rotates, the screw nut 65 moves along the length direction of the drive screw 64, thereby achieving the effect of controlling the translation of the brush roller 61. The brush roller 61 is rotatably connected to the screw nut 65 through the connecting frame 53. The brush roller rotation driving structure 63 is used to synchronously drive the screw 64 and the brush roller 61 to rotate, so as to achieve the effect of circumferential rotation while the brush roller 61 translates, and optimize the effect of the brush roller 61 brushing snow. The U-shaped block 69 is buckled on the screw nut 65 and fixed, and the brush roller connection hole 72 passes through the U-shaped block 69 horizontally. The brush roller 61 is inserted into the brush roller connection hole 72 to achieve rotation connection. The structure is simple, and the U-shaped block 69 has the advantage of being lightweight. A transmission gear 70 is sleeved on the brush roller 61, and the anti-rotation structure 73 is used to limit the relative rotation of the brush roller 61 and the transmission gear 70. The transmission gear 70 is located between the two side plates of the U-shaped block 69 to avoid axial running. At the same time, the transmission gear 70 is just above the driving screw 64 and meshes synchronously. The effect of driving the driving screw 64 to rotate can be achieved by rotating the driving screw 64, thereby reducing the cost of the driver. The brush roller 61 is provided with two brush rollers, namely a coarse brush roller 74 with coarse brush bristles fixed thereon and a fine brush roller 75 with fine brush bristles fixed thereon. The coarse brush roller 74 has a strong rolling force and can brush away thin ice or debris that is firmly attached, while the fine brush roller 75 has a better rolling effect on small debris and can brush them more cleanly. The rolling effect is optimized through the cooperation of the coarse brush roller 74 and the fine brush roller 75. The length of the brush bristles is greater than the distance between the center rod and the light-receiving surface, ensuring that the brush bristles and the light-receiving surface fully interact with each other.

[0074] In this embodiment, the anti-rotation structure 73 includes an inner pin groove and an outer pin groove axially opened on the inner ring of the transmission gear 70 and the outer wall of the brush roller 61 respectively, and a limit pin is clamped between the outer pin groove and the inner pin groove.

[0075] Specifically, the inner pin groove and the outer pin groove are located at the intersection of the transmission gear 70 and the brush roller 61 , and the limit pin is clamped between the outer pin groove and the inner pin groove to limit the relative rotation of the transmission gear 70 and the brush roller 61 .

[0076] As an optimization of this embodiment, the spacing between the two side plates of the U-shaped block 69 is equal to or slightly larger than the width of the screw nut 65, at least two fixing holes 76 are penetrated through the side plates, and a screw connecting screw hole is opened on the side of the screw nut 65, and a screw connecting screw 77 passes through the fixing hole 76 and engages with the screw connecting screw hole.

[0077] Specifically, the width of the inner groove of the U-shaped block 69 is adapted to the width of the screw nut 65, so that the U-shaped block 69 can be covered on the screw nut 65, which facilitates the fixation between the U-shaped block 69 and the screw nut 65. The connecting screws are arranged horizontally, and the fixing holes 76 passing through the side panels of the U-shaped block 69 are engaged with the connecting screw holes 25 on the sides of the screw nut 65. Each side panel is provided with multiple groups of fixing holes 76, connecting screw holes 25 and connecting screws to prevent the screw nut 65 and the U-shaped block 69 from rotating relative to each other, making the fixation more stable. At the same time, a detachable connection is formed between them, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly.

[0078] like Figure 3-10 As shown, the battery storage device 57 includes a box body 11 for storing batteries 10, a heating structure 13 is provided between the bottom plate 12 of the box body 11 and the bottom surface of the battery 10, and a heat exchange structure 14 is provided below the heating structure 13 for dissipating heat and keeping the outer peripheral side of the battery 10 warm after absorbing the heat of the heating structure 13; three partitions 15 are horizontally fixed on the inner wall of the box body 11 through a detachable structure, and the partitions 15 include an upper partition 16, a middle partition 17 and a bottom plate 12, a battery storage cavity 19 for placing the battery 10 is formed between the upper partition 16 and the box cover 18, a heating cavity 20 for setting the heating structure 13 is formed between the upper partition 16 and the middle partition 17, and a heat exchange cavity 21 for setting the heat exchange structure 14 is formed between the middle partition 17 and the bottom plate 12.

[0079] Specifically, the battery storage device 57 is used to store the battery 10, wherein the heating structure 13 is used to heat the battery 10 from the bottom, and the heat exchange structure 14 absorbs heat from the heating structure 13 through a medium such as a heat exchange fluid, and transfers the heat to the periphery of the battery 10, thereby heating the battery 10 from the side. The heating of the bottom and sides makes the heating and insulation of the battery 10 more uniform and comprehensive. Moreover, the heating structure 13 is located between the heat exchange structure 14 and the battery 10, and the heat generated by it is absorbed by the battery 10 and the heat exchange structure 14 from the upper and lower sides, so that the energy utilization rate is high. The interior of the box body 11 is separated into multiple cavities by the partition 15, which are used to store the battery 10, the heating structure 13 and the heat exchange structure 14 respectively, so as to separate and protect each component separately and avoid interference between the components. Moreover, the partition 15 and the box body 11 are detachable and fixed, so that disassembly and assembly are convenient.

[0080] like Figure 6 , 7As shown in Figure 10, the detachable structure includes four connection grooves 22 evenly distributed on the side walls around the partition 15 and an X-shaped connector 23 that is just stuck in the connection groove 22. The side wall of the box body 11 is provided with a partition connection hole 24, and the bolt passes through the partition connection hole 24 and is engaged with the partition 15 connection screw hole 25 of the connector 23; the connection plate 26 of the connector 23 is parallel to the side wall of the box body 11, and a drainage port 28 is formed between the connection plate 26 and the inner bottom surface of the connection groove 22 and / or the inner side wall of the box body 11. The connector 23 includes a connection plate 26 and two U-shaped parts 27 respectively arranged at both ends of the connection plate 26 and opening outward, the opening width is adapted to the thickness of the partition 15, and the distance between the inner bottom surfaces of the two openings is adapted to the width of the connection groove 22, and the connection plate 26 is provided with a partition 15 connection screw hole 25.

[0081] Specifically, the size of the partition 15 is adapted to the horizontal cross-sectional size of the box body 11, that is, the partition 15 is just arranged in a horizontal state in the box body 11, and a connector 23 is clamped in the connecting groove 22 on the side wall of the partition 15, and the connector 23 and the partition 15 are vertically limited. Bolts are simultaneously passed through the partition connecting hole 24 on the box body 11 and the connecting screw hole 25 of the connector 23 to realize the detachable fixation of the partition 15, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly, and has a good fixing effect. The connecting plate 26 is arranged in parallel between the bottom surface of the connecting groove 22 and the inner side wall of the box body 11, and a vertically penetrating drain port 28 is formed between the connecting plate 26 and the box body 11 and between the connecting plate 26 and the bottom surface of the connecting groove 22, which can be used to downwardly discharge the accumulated water formed due to the temperature difference between the inside and the outside, etc. The drain ports 28 of each partition 15 are arranged on the same vertical line, which is convenient for the accumulated water in the box body 11 to be discharged out of the box. The connecting piece 23 is embedded in the connecting groove 22 in such a way that the length direction of the U-shaped portion 27 and the depth direction of the connecting groove 22 are consistent. The partitions 15 on both sides of the connecting groove 22 are embedded in the U-shaped portion 27 to achieve vertical limiting. A connecting plate 26 is vertically arranged between the two U-shaped portions 27. The connecting plate 26 is parallel to the side wall of the box body 11. A connecting screw hole 25 is arranged on the connecting plate 26 along the thickness direction for threaded cooperation with horizontally arranged bolts.

[0082] like Figure 5 , 9 As shown, the heating structure 13 includes a heating plate assembly 30, the thickness of the heating plate assembly 30 is adapted to the thickness of the heating chamber 20, a power connection hole 29 is opened on the side of the box body 11, and the power supply end 31 of the heating plate assembly 30 is connected to the power supply through the power connection hole 29.

[0083] Specifically, the heating structure 13 is heated by a plate-shaped heating plate assembly 30. The plate-shaped shape is adapted to the heating chamber 20. The heating surfaces on the upper and lower end faces are conducive to conducting heat to the battery 10 above and the heat exchange structure 14 below. The electrical through hole 29 is used to connect the power supply end 31 of the heating plate assembly 30 to the power supply.

[0084] like Figure 6 , 8 As shown, the heat exchange structure 14 includes a heat exchange tube 32 with heat exchange fluid flowing therethrough, and the heat exchange tube 32 includes an integrally connected heat absorption section 33 and a heat exchange section 34, the heat absorption section 33 is located in the heat exchange cavity 21, and the heat exchange section 34 sequentially passes through the heat exchange tube holes of the middle partition 17 and the upper partition 16 to enter the battery storage cavity 19, and spirally surrounds the outside of the battery 10, and the rear end of the heat exchange section 34 and the front end of the heat absorption section 33 are connected through a pressure pump assembly pipeline. A first through hole 35 communicating with the heat exchange cavity 21 and a second through hole 36 communicating with the upper part of the battery storage cavity 19 are provided on the side wall of the box body 11, the first through hole 35 is provided at the front end of the heat absorption section 33, and the second through hole 36 is provided at the rear end of the heat exchange tube 32. A plurality of L-shaped positioning buckles 37 are evenly distributed on the side wall of the battery storage chamber 19 in the circumferential direction, and the height of the L-shaped positioning buckles 37 increases successively. The heat exchange section 34 is clamped on the positioning buckles 37, and the L-shaped positioning buckles 37 are bonded and fixed to the inner wall of the box body 11. In addition, the heat absorption section 33 is spirally or S-shaped, and a heat insulation layer 38 is provided under the bottom plate 12.

[0085] Specifically, the heat exchange structure 14 realizes heat conduction through the heat exchange tube 32 with heat exchange fluid flowing therethrough. The heat absorption section 33 is arranged in the heat exchange cavity 21, and is mainly used to absorb the heat generated by the heating plate assembly from below. The heat exchange section 34 is used to conduct the absorbed heat to the periphery of the battery 10 through the heat exchange fluid. The circulation of the heat exchange fluid is driven by the pressure pump assembly. The first through hole 35 and the second through hole 36 are respectively located at the lower and upper parts of the side wall of the box body 11, and are used for the heat exchange tube 32 to pass in and out. The pressure pump assembly is arranged outside the box body 11. The heat exchange tube 32 passes through the second through hole 36 and is connected to the water inlet end of the pressure pump assembly. The water outlet end is connected to the heat exchange tube 32. The heat exchange tube 32 passes through the first through hole 35 into the heat exchange cavity 21, passes through the heating cavity 20 and the battery storage cavity 19, and then passes out from the second through hole 36 to form a closed loop. The heat exchange section 34 is spirally wrapped around the periphery of the battery 10, and the heating of the battery 10 is more uniform and comprehensive. The heat exchange section 34 is fixed between the inner wall of the box body 11 by an L-shaped positioning buckle 37. The L-shaped positioning buckle 37 is fixed on the inner wall of the box body 11, and the heat exchange tube 32 is directly clamped therein, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly. As an optimization, the L-shaped positioning buckle 37 and the inner wall of the box body 11 are bonded and fixed, and the setting is flexible, which can adapt to different surrounding densities and directions of the heat exchange tube 32. The heat absorption section 33 can be vortex-shaped or S-shaped, with a high coil density, which is more conducive to absorbing the heat of the heating structure 13. The insulation layer 38 under the bottom plate 12 has a good insulation effect, reduces the heat exchange between the upper and lower sides of the bottom plate 12, and improves energy utilization.

[0086] As an optimization of this embodiment, the box body 11 is further provided with an air cooling structure, which includes an air inlet 39 and an air outlet 40 opened on the side wall of the box body 11 and connected to the battery storage chamber 19, and the air inlet 39 is connected to the blowing component. The air inlet 39 is close to the upper partition 16, and the air outlet 40 is close to the box cover 18, and the air inlet 39 and the air outlet 40 are arranged opposite to each other.

[0087] Specifically, the air cooling structure is particularly suitable for cooling in high temperature environments in summer. The blowing component blows high-pressure gas from the air inlet 39, and the gas is discharged from the air outlet 40 through the battery storage chamber 19, taking away heat to achieve the purpose of cooling. As an optimization, the air inlet 39 is close to the upper partition 16, and the air outlet 40 is close to the box cover 18. The air inlet 39 and the air blowing port are arranged opposite to each other, which increases the path length of the high-pressure gas, takes away more heat, and improves the cooling effect.

[0088] like Figure 1 , 13 As shown, the panel surface flushing mechanism 56 includes a water storage structure 78 and a water spraying structure 79. The water storage structure 78 and the water spraying structure 79 are connected by a water supply pipeline 80. The water spraying structure 79 is arranged on the mounting frame 52, and its water spraying port is facing the photovoltaic panel 51. A boosting component 81 is provided between the water supply pipeline 80 and the water storage structure 78, and a venting component 93 for low-temperature antifreeze is provided on the water supply pipeline 80. The water storage structure 78 includes a water tank 92, which is buried underground and located below the battery storage device 57; the water spray structure 79 includes a nozzle fixing seat 83 fixed on the base frame 50, and a fan-shaped nozzle 82 detachably fixed on the nozzle fixing seat 83, the fan-shaped nozzle 82 is connected to the water supply pipeline 80 and faces the photovoltaic panel 51; the boosting component 81 includes a boosting pump, which is connected in series between the water supply pipeline 80 and the water tank 92, and the water supply pipeline 80 is passed through the support legs of the base frame 50; the venting component 93 includes an exhaust valve 84, which is connected in series to the water supply pipeline 80 and is used to be opened in a low temperature environment to vent the water stored in the pipe.

[0089] Specifically, the water storage structure 78 of the panel flushing mechanism 56 is used to store flushing water, and the water spraying structure 79 pressurizes the flushing water through the booster component 81 and then sprays it toward the reaction surface of the photovoltaic panel 51 to achieve the effect of flushing the reaction surface. The water supply pipeline 80 is used to transport water between the water storage structure 78 and the water spraying structure 79, and the drain component 93 is used to drain the stored water in the water supply pipeline 80, especially in an environment with a temperature below freezing. This can prevent the stored water from freezing in the water supply pipeline 80 and affecting the normal water spraying or even causing the water supply pipeline 80 to rupture, thereby improving the adaptability to cold environments. The water storage structure 78 specifically stores flushing water through a water tank 92. The water tank 92 is buried underground to reduce the impact of ambient temperature changes on it. Moreover, the buried position is located below the battery storage device 57. When the battery storage device 57 is heated and insulated, the heat dissipated outward can further reduce the impact of the low temperature environment on the water tank 92. The water spraying structure 79 specifically implements water spraying by a fan-shaped nozzle 82. The sprayed water is fan-shaped. The width of the fan is adapted to the width of the photovoltaic panel 51, ensuring the flushing effect on the entire photovoltaic panel 51, and the flushing is more comprehensive. The fan-shaped nozzle 82 can be detachably fixed by a nozzle fixing seat 83, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly, and is convenient for later maintenance and replacement. In addition, the main part of the water supply pipeline 80 is passed through the support legs of the base frame 50 and separated from the external environment. On the one hand, it avoids direct sunlight on the pipeline and improves its service life. On the other hand, it also has a certain thermal insulation effect in a low temperature environment. As a further optimization, thermal insulation material is provided between the water supply pipeline 80 and the base frame 50 to further improve the thermal insulation effect. The venting assembly 93 is mainly realized through the exhaust valve 84. The exhaust valve 84 is opened when venting is required. Due to the connection between the internal and external atmospheres, the water in the pipe will flow back into the water storage tank 92.

[0090] As a further optimization of this embodiment, the system also includes an electrically connected control panel, a weather detection component and a rainwater collection mechanism 85. The control panel is also electrically connected to the flipping drive mechanism 54, the panel cleaning mechanism 55 and the battery storage device 57, respectively, for realizing one or more operations of flipping the photovoltaic panel 51 in severe hail weather, flipping the photovoltaic panel 51 at night in snowy weather, sweeping snow on the photovoltaic panel 51 during the day in snowy weather, and adaptively adjusting the light receiving angle of the photovoltaic panel 51 according to the position of sunlight; the control panel is also connected to a remote control module; a protective back panel is provided on the back of the photovoltaic panel 51, and the protective back panel is detachably fixed on the mounting frame 52; the rainwater collection mechanism 85 is connected to the panel flushing mechanism 56, at least for collecting rainwater on rainy days and replenishing it to the panel flushing mechanism 56.

[0091] Specifically, the photovoltaic system with the self-cleaning ability of the photovoltaic panel and adapting to low temperature extreme weather is provided with a weather detection component, which is used to monitor the current weather in real time, including weather data such as rain, snow, hail, temperature, and light angle. The data is transmitted to the control panel, and the control panel makes corresponding countermeasures for different weather conditions according to the set program, thereby improving environmental adaptability and automation level. In addition to the automatic control function, the control panel is also provided with a remote control module, which can be remotely and manually controlled by the management personnel to start and stop the corresponding actions, thereby improving the accuracy of responding to different situations. A protective backboard is also provided on the back of the photovoltaic panel 51, and the backboard has a large structural strength, which can be particularly used to avoid damage to the photovoltaic panel 51 caused by extreme weather such as hail. In addition, the photovoltaic system with the self-cleaning ability of the photovoltaic panel and adapting to low temperature extreme weather is also provided with a rainwater collection mechanism 85, which can be used to collect rainwater and transport the rainwater to the water storage structure 78 of the panel flushing mechanism 56, without the need to set up a water supply mechanism, thereby reducing the setting cost, and also meeting the conditions for setting up the photovoltaic system with the self-cleaning ability of the photovoltaic panel and adapting to low temperature extreme weather in the field with imperfect supporting facilities.

[0092] In this embodiment, if Fig.11 , 12 As shown, the rainwater collection mechanism includes a water-collecting umbrella 86, which includes a vertically arranged main rod 87, a circular umbrella surface 88 is provided at the upper end of the main rod 87, a lifting block 89 is sleeved on the main rod 87, and an umbrella rib 90 is provided between the lifting block 89 and the bottom surface of the umbrella surface 88. The umbrella rib 90 is axially evenly distributed on the outer side of the main rod 87, and the two ends are respectively hinged to the lifting block 89 and the bottom surface of the umbrella surface 88. The main rod 87 is hollow inside, and a water passage 91 is provided from top to bottom. The lower end of the water passage 91 is connected to a water tank 92 of the water storage structure 78 through a water pipe. The lifting block 89 is limited on the main rod 87 by a latch assembly, and has a sunshade position that keeps the umbrella surface 88 in an upward convex state and a water receiving position that keeps the umbrella surface 88 in a concave state.

[0093] Specifically, the rainwater collection mechanism collects water through a water-collecting umbrella 86. The water-collecting umbrella 86 is actually similar to a traditional umbrella structure, and is composed of a main pole 87, an umbrella surface 88 arranged at the upper end of the main pole 87, and a lifting block 89 for controlling the state of the umbrella surface 88. The lifting block 89 and the main pole 87 are detachably fixed by a latch assembly, which is convenient for achieving or releasing the corresponding fixed state. When the lifting block 89 is located at a lower sunshade position, the umbrella surface 88 is convex in the middle and tilted downward at the periphery, which is the same as the state of an ordinary umbrella to block rain and shade the sun. The water-collecting umbrella 86 can be set on the roof. This sunshade state can be used to block part of the sunlight on the roof, and the convex state also avoids the accumulation of debris such as leaves on the umbrella surface 88; when the lifting block 89 is located at a higher water-collecting position, the umbrella surface 88 is concave funnel-shaped, which can be used to gather rainwater. The upper end of the water passage 91 is located in the low position of the umbrella surface 88. Rainwater enters the water passage 91 and is collected into the water storage tank 92 through the water pipe, thereby realizing rainwater collection.

[0094] Specific working principle: When the photovoltaic panel 51 is working in normal weather during the day, the flip drive motor 60 adjusts the tilt angle of the mounting frame 52 to maximize the photovoltaic efficiency of the light-receiving surface. When snow begins to accumulate on the light-receiving surface on a snowy day, or when there are many debris on the light-receiving surface, the translation drive motor 67 starts to drive the brush roller 61 to rotate and move in translation to brush away the snow or debris on the light-receiving surface. On snowy nights or when the temperature is below freezing, the flip drive motor 60 drives the mounting frame 52 to rotate until the light-receiving surface is vertical to prevent snow or water from accumulating on the light-receiving surface and causing ice.

[0095] When the reaction surface needs to be flushed, the exhaust valve 84 is closed, the booster pump starts, and the fan-shaped nozzle 82 sprays water to flush the reaction surface. After the flushing is completed and the temperature is lower than the preset value, the exhaust valve 84 is opened, and the water in the water pipeline 80 flows back to the water tank 92, and the water pipeline 80 is emptied.

[0096] When the water-collecting umbrella 86 needs to be replenished with water in rainy weather, the lifting block 89 rises to the water-collecting position, and the funnel-shaped umbrella surface 88 collects rainwater and transmits the rainwater to the water storage tank 92 through the water passage 91 and the water pipe; when water collection is not needed, the lifting block 89 moves downward and returns to the sunshade position, and the umbrella surface 88 maintains the umbrella shape with the middle convex.

[0097] When the temperature of the battery storage device 57 is lower than a preset value, the heating structure 13 and the heat exchange structure 14 of the battery storage device 57 start to heat and keep the bottom and side surfaces of the battery 10 warm, thereby ensuring that the temperature of the battery 10 is maintained at a constant level.

[0098] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in similar ways, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic system having a photovoltaic panel self-cleaning capability and adapting to low temperature extreme weather, comprising a base frame (50), a photovoltaic panel (51) arranged on the base frame (50), and a battery (10) electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel (51), characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel (51) is rotatably connected to the base frame (50) via a mounting frame (52), and a flipping driving mechanism (54) for adjusting the tilt angle and / or flipping of the photovoltaic panel (51) is provided between the mounting frame (52) and the base frame (50), and a panel surface cleaning mechanism (55) is provided between the photovoltaic panel (51) and the mounting frame (52); the base frame (50) is also provided with a panel surface flushing mechanism (56) for flushing the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic panel (51); the battery (10) is arranged in a battery storage device (57) for at least heating and keeping the battery (10) warm in low temperature weather.

2. The photovoltaic system with self-cleaning capability of photovoltaic panels and adaptability to low temperature extreme weather according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The base frame (50) is provided with mounting frame connecting holes (58) extending transversely therethrough on both sides, and connecting rods (59) are fixedly provided in the middle of both sides of the mounting frame (52), and the connecting rods (59) are rotatably connected to the mounting frame connecting holes (58). The flipping drive mechanism (54) comprises a flipping drive motor (60), and the flipping drive motor (60) is fixed on the base frame (50), and its output end is transmission-connected to the connecting rod (59).

3. The photovoltaic system with self-cleaning capability of photovoltaic panels and adaptability to low temperature extreme weather according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The panel surface cleaning mechanism (55) comprises a brush roller (61) arranged on a mounting frame (52); the brush roller (61) moves in translation above the photovoltaic panel (51) through a translation driving structure (62), and its action portion and the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic panel (51) are brushed in coordination; a brush roller rotation driving structure (63) is provided between the brush roller (61) and the mounting frame (52) for generating a rotation driving force through the translation movement of the brush roller (61); The translation drive structure (62) is provided with two groups, which are respectively located on both sides of the mounting frame (52), and include mutually meshing driving screws (64) and screw nuts (65); the driving screw (64) is rotatably connected to the mounting frame (52) through a screw mounting seat (66); the two ends of the brush roller (61) are respectively connected to the screw nuts (65); the screw nuts (65) slide on the upper end surface of the mounting frame (52); a translation drive motor (67) is fixed on the mounting frame (52); and the output end of the translation drive motor (67) is transmission-connected to the driving screw (64).

4. The photovoltaic system with self-cleaning capability of photovoltaic panels and adaptability to low temperature extreme weather according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The brush roller (61) is rotatably connected to the connecting frame (53), the connecting frame (53) is fixed to the screw nut (65), and the brush roller rotation driving structure (63) is provided between the connecting frame (53) and the driving screw (64); The connecting frame (53) comprises a U-shaped block (69) with an opening facing downwards, the screw nut (65) is located in the opening and is detachably fixed to the connecting frame (53), a brush roller connecting hole (72) is transversely penetrated on the U-shaped block (69), and the end shaft (71) of the brush roller (61) is rotatably connected to the brush roller connecting hole (72); The brush roller rotation driving structure (63) comprises a transmission gear (70) located in the U-shaped block (69); the transmission gear (70) is sleeved on the end shaft (71) and meshed with the driving screw (64); an anti-rotation structure (73) is provided between the brush roller (61) and the transmission gear (70); The brush roller (61) comprises a coarse-hair roller (74) and a fine-hair roller (75) which are parallel to each other, and the length of the bristles is greater than the distance between the central axis of the brush roller (61) and the light-receiving surface.

5. The photovoltaic system with self-cleaning capability of photovoltaic panels and adaptability to low temperature extreme weather according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery storage device (57) comprises a box (11) for storing batteries (10), a heating structure (13) is provided between a bottom plate (12) of the box (11) and a bottom surface of the battery (10), and a heat exchange structure (14) is provided below the heating structure (13) for dissipating heat and keeping the outer peripheral side of the battery (10) warm after absorbing heat from the heating structure (13); At least three partitions (15) are horizontally fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the box body (11) through a detachable structure, and the partitions (15) include an upper partition (16), a middle partition (17) and a bottom plate (12). A battery storage chamber (19) for placing batteries (10) is formed between the upper partition (16) and the box cover (18), a heating chamber (20) for arranging a heating structure (13) is formed between the upper partition (16) and the middle partition (17), and a heat exchange chamber (21) for arranging a heat exchange structure (14) is formed between the middle partition (17) and the bottom plate (12).

6. The photovoltaic system with self-cleaning capability of photovoltaic panels and adaptability to low temperature extreme weather according to claim 5, characterized in that: The detachable structure comprises at least four connection grooves (22) evenly distributed on the side walls around the partition (15) and an X-shaped connecting piece (23) exactly clamped in the connection groove (22); a partition connecting hole (24) is provided on the side wall of the box body (11); a bolt passes through the partition connecting hole (24) and is meshed and connected with the partition (15) connecting screw hole (25) of the connecting piece (23); The connecting plate (26) of the connecting member (23) is parallel to the side wall of the box body (11), and a drainage port (28) is formed between the connecting plate (26) and the inner bottom surface of the connecting groove (22) and / or the inner side wall of the box body (11).

7. The photovoltaic system with self-cleaning capability of photovoltaic panels and adaptability to low temperature extreme weather according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heating structure (13) comprises a heating plate assembly (30), the thickness of the heating plate assembly (30) is adapted to the thickness of the heating chamber (20), a power connection hole (29) is provided on the side of the box body (11), and a power supply end (31) of the heating plate assembly (30) is connected to a power source via the power connection hole (29); The heat exchange structure (14) includes a heat exchange tube (32) through which a heat exchange fluid flows. The heat exchange tube (32) includes a heat absorption section (33) and a heat exchange section (34) that are integrally connected. The heat absorption section (33) is located in the heat exchange cavity (21). The heat exchange section (34) passes through the heat exchange tube holes of the middle partition (17) and the upper partition (16) in sequence to enter the battery storage cavity (19), and spirally surrounds the outer side of the battery (10). The rear end of the heat exchange section (34) and the front end of the heat absorption section (33) are connected via a pressure pump assembly pipeline.

8. The photovoltaic system with self-cleaning capability of photovoltaic panels and adaptability to low temperature extreme weather according to claim 1, characterized in that: The panel surface flushing mechanism (56) comprises a water storage structure (78) and a water spraying structure (79); the water storage structure (78) and the water spraying structure (79) are connected via a water delivery pipeline (80); the water spraying structure (79) is arranged on a mounting frame (52), and its water spraying port faces the photovoltaic panel (51); a boosting component (81) is arranged between the water delivery pipeline (80) and the water storage structure (78); and a venting component (93) for low-temperature antifreeze is arranged on the water delivery pipeline (80).

9. The photovoltaic system with self-cleaning capability of photovoltaic panels and adaptability to low temperature extreme weather according to claim 8, characterized in that: The water storage structure (78) comprises a water storage tank (92), wherein the water storage tank (92) is buried underground and is located below the battery storage device (57); The water spray structure (79) comprises a nozzle fixing seat (83) fixed on the base frame (50), and a fan-shaped nozzle (82) detachably fixed on the nozzle fixing seat (83), wherein the fan-shaped nozzle (82) is connected to the water delivery pipeline (80) and faces the photovoltaic panel (51); The boosting assembly (81) comprises a boosting pump, which is connected in series between the water delivery pipeline (80) and the water storage tank (92), and the water delivery pipeline (80) is passed through the legs of the base frame (50); The venting assembly (93) comprises an exhaust valve (84), which is connected in series to the water delivery pipeline (80) and is used to be opened in a low-temperature environment to exhaust water stored in the pipeline.

10. The photovoltaic system having the photovoltaic panel self-cleaning capability and adapting to low temperature extreme weather according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The invention comprises an electrically connected control panel, a weather detection component and a rainwater collection mechanism (85), wherein the control panel is also electrically connected to a flipping drive mechanism (54), a panel cleaning mechanism (55) and a battery storage device (57) respectively, and is used to realize one or more operations of flipping the photovoltaic panel (51) in severe hail weather, flipping the photovoltaic panel (51) at night in snowy weather, sweeping snow on the photovoltaic panel (51) during the day in snowy weather, and adaptively adjusting the light receiving angle of the photovoltaic panel (51) according to the position of sunlight; The control panel is also connected to a remote control module; The photovoltaic panel (51) is provided with a protective back plate on its back, and the protective back plate can be detachably fixed on the mounting frame (52); The rainwater collection mechanism (85) is connected to the board surface flushing mechanism (56) and is used at least to collect rainwater on rainy days and replenish the rainwater to the board surface flushing mechanism (56).

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