Automatic simple maintenance method and system for greening of arid river valley side slope

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of green land maintenance, and provides an automatic simple maintenance method and system for greening of an arid valley slope, and the method comprises the steps: collecting soil data and historical meteorological data of a greening region before greening of the arid valley slope; according to the soil data and the meteorological data, first plants suitable for regreening are selected, and the first plants are evenly laid on the upper portion, the middle portion and the lower portion of the slope in different dimensions; shooting a first image of the first plant through a camera; the water shortage degree of the first plant is judged according to the first image, and water is supplemented to the first plant according to the water shortage degree; and judging the fertilizer deficiency degree of the first plant according to the first image, and fertilizing the first plant according to the fertilizer deficiency degree. According to the scheme, automatic and simple greening maintenance of the slope of the dry river valley can be efficiently carried out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of green space maintenance, and in particular relates to an automatic and simple maintenance method and system for regreening slopes in dry river valleys. Background Art

[0002] With global warming, intensified desertification and the continuous impact of human activities on the ecological environment, the ecosystems in many regions have suffered serious damage, especially in dry valleys and steep slopes. Due to the dry climate, poor soil and lack of water resources, the vegetation coverage rate has decreased, soil erosion has been serious, and the ecological balance has further deteriorated. In this context, how to implement effective greening and ecological restoration in these special environments has become a global challenge.

[0003] Traditional slope regreening technologies mostly rely on artificial vegetation restoration, but due to the harsh climate and soil conditions of arid river valley slopes, traditional regreening methods have various limitations. First, the soil structure of the slope is loose and water is easily lost, making it difficult for plants to survive and grow slowly. Secondly, artificial irrigation and fertilization require a lot of manpower and material resources, and due to unstable climatic conditions, manual intervention cannot respond to the water and nutrient needs of plants in real time. In addition, due to the drought and barrenness resistance of plants in these environments, it is particularly important to scientifically select plant species suitable for the local environment. Therefore, how to achieve effective, water-saving and automated regreening technology in arid river valley slope environments has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0004] In the existing technology, some automated irrigation and fertilization systems have been applied in the agricultural field, but these systems are often designed based on conventional humid climate environments and cannot effectively meet the special needs of arid valley slope environments. For example, although the existing drip irrigation system can save water resources, it usually requires frequent manual regulation, and it is difficult to achieve accurate and real-time water replenishment during slope regreening. The existing monitoring system also relies on regular manual observation and is difficult to meet the needs of automated monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an automatic and simple maintenance method for regreening the slopes of arid river valleys, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] Before regreening the slopes of the dry river valley, collect soil data and historical meteorological data of the regreening area;

[0007] According to the soil data and meteorological data, a first plant suitable for regreening is selected, and the first plant is evenly laid at different dimensions of the upper, middle and lower sides of the slope;

[0008] capturing a first image of the first plant by a camera;

[0009] determining a degree of water shortage of the first plant according to the first image, and replenishing water to the first plant according to the degree of water shortage;

[0010] The degree of fertility deficiency of the first plant is determined according to the first image, and fertilizer is applied to the first plant according to the degree of fertility deficiency.

[0011] Another aspect of the present invention provides an automatic and simple maintenance system for regreening slopes in dry valleys, the system comprising the following modules:

[0012] An acquisition module is used to collect soil data and historical meteorological data of the greening area before the dry valley slope is greened;

[0013] A planting module, for selecting a first plant suitable for regreening according to the soil data and meteorological data, and evenly laying the first plant in different dimensions of the upper, middle and lower sides of the slope;

[0014] An imaging module, configured to capture a first image of the first plant through a camera;

[0015] a water replenishment module, configured to determine the degree of water shortage of the first plant according to the first image, and replenish water to the first plant according to the degree of water shortage;

[0016] A fertilization module is used to determine the degree of fertilizer deficiency of the first plant according to the first image, and fertilize the first plant according to the degree of fertilizer deficiency.

[0017] The above technical solution has the following specific beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention installs cameras and sensors to monitor the growth status of plants, soil moisture and meteorological data in real time. It can automatically determine the degree of water and fertilizer deficiency of plants, trigger irrigation and fertilization systems in time, reduce the frequency of manual intervention, and realize intelligent management of the slope regreening process.

[0019] Using precise drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation or underground infiltration irrigation systems to replenish water according to the actual water shortage level of the plants, it avoids the waste of water resources in traditional irrigation methods and significantly improves water utilization rate. It is particularly suitable for drought and water-scarce environments.

[0020] Through real-time monitoring and automated maintenance measures of drought-resistant plants such as Selaginella, precise irrigation and fertilization can be carried out according to the actual growth status of the plants, greatly improving the survival rate and growth efficiency of the plants and ensuring the long-term effect of regreening.

[0021] The present invention performs real-time monitoring and automatic irrigation and fertilization through an automated system, which not only reduces the workload of manual inspection and maintenance, but also reduces the uncertainty of manual operation, and reduces manpower input and maintenance costs.

[0022] The present invention uses an automated system to achieve real-time monitoring and automated irrigation and fertilization functions. The system can not only formulate conventional maintenance processes and strategies based on preset standards, but also perform dynamic monitoring based on weather fluctuations and specific scenarios. The data obtained from monitoring is immediately fed back to the maintenance module, triggering automatic irrigation and fertilization operations, and then dynamically adjusting and optimizing the maintenance process and strategy. This process is continuously iterated, effectively reducing human resource consumption and maintenance costs.

[0023] In summary, the present invention can achieve the greening and maintenance of dry river valley slopes in an efficient and resource-saving manner, and provides an ecological restoration solution suitable for extreme environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Below, the invention is preferably described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0027] This embodiment solves the above problem through the following steps:

[0028] In one embodiment, reference Figure 1 The present invention provides an automatic and simple maintenance method for regreening of arid river valley slopes. The method can realize long-term and efficient maintenance management of the slope regreening area through intelligent monitoring and automatic maintenance equipment according to the special ecological environment of the arid river valley slopes. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

[0029] Before regreening the slopes of the dry river valley, soil data and historical meteorological information of the regreening area are collected.

[0030] Before implementing the greening of the dry river valley slopes, comprehensive data collection is required for the greening area, including but not limited to soil data and historical meteorological data. The soil data includes information such as soil aggregate structure, pH value, water content and soil nutrient fertility status, which is used to evaluate the soil's water retention capacity, nutrient content and conditions suitable for plant growth. The historical meteorological data includes information such as rainfall, temperature, wind speed, evaporation and drought cycles in the area. By analyzing these meteorological data, the climate characteristics of the slope area can be obtained, providing data support for subsequent plant species selection, irrigation cycles and fertilization plans, ensuring that the greening process can adapt to local ecological and environmental conditions and achieve scientific and efficient slope greening.

[0031] According to the soil data and meteorological information, a first plant suitable for regreening is selected, and the first plant is evenly laid in different dimensions of the upper, middle and lower sides of the slope.

[0032] According to the analysis results of the soil data and meteorological data, a first plant suitable for the ecological environment restoration of the dry valley slope is selected. The first plant is preferably a plant species with drought resistance, barrenness resistance and a well-developed root system to improve the ecological stability and soil and water conservation capacity of the slope. Specifically, suitable first plants may include but are not limited to Selaginella serrata, Tamarix chinensis or Calligonum mongolica, which can still maintain strong survival ability and growth rate in extremely dry and barren environments, and have the characteristics of tolerating long-term drought and poor soil.

[0033] During the slope regreening process, the first plant is evenly distributed in different dimensions of the slope, including the upper, middle and lower parts of the slope, to ensure that the plant has a wide coverage and give full play to its ecological function under different terrain conditions. For example, in the upper part of the slope, due to the large slope, thin soil and rapid water loss, Selaginella serrata with stronger drought tolerance and shallow root system can be planted first to reduce soil erosion; in the middle part of the slope, the soil conditions are relatively good and there is slightly more water, and Calligonum mongolica with deep root system and strong soil improvement ability can be selected to enhance the soil fixation capacity of the central area; in the lower part of the slope, the water is relatively abundant, but it is easily affected by waterlogging, and Tamarix chinensis with strong water resistance and flood resistance can be planted to prevent waterlogging problems in local areas while ensuring the effect of soil and water conservation.

[0034] By evenly laying the first plant in different dimensions of the slope, it is possible to effectively adapt to the ecological conditions of different positions on the slope, ensure the balance and integrity of the greening work, and through the distribution and growth characteristics of the plant roots, achieve the purpose of improving the ecological greening effect of the slope, reducing soil erosion and enhancing slope stability.

[0035] Taking Selaginella as an example, in actual operation, Selaginella is evenly laid along the upper part of the slope. With its good coverage and rapid recovery ability, it ensures that the plant can survive and play an ecological role even during long-term droughts. For example, Selaginella is planted at a spacing of 5 meters, and ecological blankets or other water-retaining materials are laid to help maintain soil moisture, further enhancing the stability of vegetation.

[0036] A first image of the first plant is captured by a camera.

[0037] The camera is installed at different positions on the slope of the dry river valley to automatically collect the growth image of the first plant. The specific steps include: setting the camera to monitor the upper, middle and lower areas of the slope to ensure comprehensive monitoring of the growth conditions of plants in each area. The camera captures the growth conditions of the first plant such as Selaginella pulvinata, Calligonum mongolicum, Tamarix chinensis, etc. at regular or real-time intervals, obtains image data at different time points, and generates a first image.

[0038] The first image is mainly used to reflect key ecological parameters of the plant, such as color, size, degree of leaf curling, and overall coverage. For example, when photographing Selaginella cuspidatum, the camera will capture the changes in its leaf color. The transition from dark green to light yellow can reflect the changes in soil moisture, and then determine whether the area needs irrigation. Similarly, images of Calligonum mongolica can be used to monitor whether its root system is well developed and whether its overall growth height meets the set standards. For Tamarix, image data will be used to monitor whether its leaves wilt or other physiological stress responses occur, in order to assess whether the waterlogging or soil conditions of the lower slope are suitable for plant growth.

[0039] During the image acquisition process, the camera can adjust the shooting frequency according to the growth cycle of different plants and environmental changes. For example, in the dry season, the camera can increase the shooting frequency and shoot multiple times a day to track the growth status of the first plant in real time; while in the rainy season or a period of relatively stable climate, the shooting frequency can be appropriately reduced. The first image collected is transmitted to the data processing module via wireless transmission or storage card, and the system compares and analyzes the first image with the preset normal plant growth pattern.

[0040] The degree of water shortage of the first plant is determined according to the first image, and the first plant is watered according to the degree of water shortage.

[0041] The camera installed on the slope of the dry valley takes images of leaves at the same position at different time points to form a sequence of leaf images. These images reflect the growth and state changes of plant leaves over a period of time. The preprocessing steps include:

[0042] Image alignment: Since the camera shooting angle or the position of plant leaves may change slightly over time, the image sequence needs to be aligned first (for example, using an image registration algorithm) to ensure that the position of the same leaf area in different images is consistent.

[0043] Denoising: Remove noise from the image through algorithms such as Gaussian filtering to reduce the interference of environmental factors on leaf detection.

[0044] In each image, the leaf region is segmented to accurately identify the leaf contour. Specifically, the present invention segments the leaf region by color-based threshold segmentation (green).

[0045] For each leaf segmented in the image, calculate its area. The actual area of ​​the leaf can be estimated using the pixel counting method. Assuming the image resolution is known, the leaf area A i (Units are square millimeters or other units) can be calculated by the following formula:

[0046] A i =N p × 2

[0047] Where N p is the number of pixels in the leaf area, and r is the actual length unit represented by each pixel.

[0048] Calculate the average area of ​​multiple leaves

[0049]

[0050] in

[0051] A avg represents the average area of ​​the leaf, A1, A2, ..., A n are the areas of each leaf, and n is the total number of leaves.

[0052] By comparing the change in leaf area at the same location at different time points, the curling degree of the leaf can be identified. Usually, leaves will gradually curl up when they are dehydrated, resulting in a decrease in their projected area. Define the change ratio of leaf area

[0053]

[0054] Among them A avgt represents the average area of ​​the leaf at time t, A avg0 is the leaf area at the initial time point. According to the size of R, the degree of leaf curling can be determined:

[0055] When R ≥ 1, it means that the leaves have no obvious curling and the plant is in a healthy state.

[0056] When 0.7≤R<1, it means that the leaves begin to curl and the plant may be in a state of mild water shortage.

[0057] When 0.4≤R<0.7, it means that the leaves are moderately curled and the plant is in a state of moderate water shortage.

[0058] When R < 0.4, it means that the leaves are severely curled and the plant is in a state of severe water shortage.

[0059] Combined with the degree of leaf curling, the water shortage status of the plant can be judged and classified according to the degree of water shortage:

[0060] Health status: The leaves are not obviously curled, the degree of water shortage is relatively mild, and no watering is required.

[0061] Mild water shortage: The leaves are slightly curled and need appropriate watering.

[0062] Moderate water shortage: Leaves are moderately curled and more water is needed.

[0063] Severe water shortage: The leaves are severely curled and need urgent watering. The amount and frequency of watering should be significantly increased.

[0064] Depending on the degree of water shortage, the system automatically triggers different water replenishment strategies:

[0065] Mild water shortage: Implement moderate irrigation to keep the soil moist.

[0066] Moderate water shortage: increase water replenishment and irrigation frequency.

[0067] Severe water shortage: Take emergency watering measures, add water in small amounts and multiple times to ensure that the water gradually penetrates deep into the soil to prevent further curling of the leaves.

[0068] Once it is determined that the plant needs water, the system will automatically trigger the irrigation equipment to perform the watering operation. Automated irrigation equipment includes the following forms:

[0069] a. Drip irrigation system

[0070] Drip irrigation is a precise water-saving irrigation technology that delivers water directly to the roots of plants through drip irrigation pipes installed at different locations on the slope. The drip irrigation system is characterized by high water utilization rate and can accurately control the amount of water replenishment according to the degree of water shortage of plants. The system controls the opening and closing of the water flow through a solenoid valve. The amount of water replenishment is calculated based on sensor data and the drip irrigation speed is adjusted.

[0071] b. Sprinkler irrigation system

[0072] The sprinkler system sprays water evenly onto the plant surface by arranging sprinklers on the slope. It is suitable for regreening large slopes. When the plant curling or low soil moisture is detected, the sprinkler system starts to spray the right amount of water. The spray radius and angle of the sprinkler can be adjusted to ensure that the water covers the entire plant area.

[0073] c. Underground irrigation system

[0074] The underground irrigation system infiltrates water to the roots of plants through pipes buried in the soil. The system can avoid water loss through evaporation and keep the deep soil moist. Based on the feedback from the soil moisture sensor, the underground irrigation system will start when the soil moisture content is too low to accurately replenish water. The amount of water in the irrigation pipe is regulated by the flow control device in the system.

[0075] The degree of fertility deficiency of the first plant is determined according to the first image, and fertilizer is applied to the first plant according to the degree of fertility deficiency.

[0076] Regularly take images of the first plant using a camera or other image acquisition device. To ensure accurate analysis, the images first need to be preprocessed:

[0077] Denoising: Use a Gaussian filter to denoise the image to reduce noise interference in the environment.

[0078] Image alignment: Images at different time points are aligned using an image registration algorithm (e.g., feature point-based registration) to ensure that the growth calculations for the same plant are consistent.

[0079] Background segmentation: A semantic segmentation model (such as U-Net or Mask R-CNN) is used to segment the plant area from the background to ensure that the analyzed area only contains Selaginella pulvinata.

[0080] Use image processing algorithms to extract plant growth parameters from the preprocessed images, including height, number of leaves, and leaf area. The specific steps are as follows:

[0081] a. Plant height monitoring

[0082] The height of the first plant, such as Selaginella pulvinata, is one of the important indicators for judging the growth amount. The height of Selaginella pulvinata is measured by the vertical size of the image. The specific steps are as follows:

[0083] Edge detection: Use the Canny edge detection algorithm to identify the outline of the plant.

[0084] Height calculation: The height of the plant is obtained by calculating the difference in the vertical coordinates between the top and bottom of the plant.

[0085] b. Blade quantity monitoring

[0086] The number of leaves is another important indicator for monitoring growth. The specific steps are as follows:

[0087] Leaf region segmentation: Separate each leaf from the entire plant using a semantic segmentation algorithm.

[0088] Leaf counting: The number of leaves segmented in the image is calculated using a contour analysis algorithm (such as the findContours function in OpenCV) to obtain the number of leaves.

[0089] c. Leaf area monitoring

[0090] The growth of leaf area is also an important indicator of plant growth. Leaf area can be measured by the following steps:

[0091] Leaf region segmentation: Separate the region of each leaf using a semantic segmentation model.

[0092] Area calculation: by counting the number of pixels in the leaf area and combining the image resolution, the average area of ​​the leaf is calculated. The specific algorithm can refer to the above steps of the present invention.

[0093] d. Monitoring of total growth

[0094] Based on the measured parameters such as plant height, number of leaves and leaf area, the comprehensive growth of Selaginella pulvinata was calculated in combination with weights:

[0095] G total =w1×H+w2×N leaf +w3×A total

[0096] in:

[0097] G total is the comprehensive growth, H is the plant height, N leaf is the number of leaves, A total is the total area of ​​all leaves.

[0098] w1, w2, and w3 are weight coefficients, which can be adjusted according to specific needs (such as manual adjustment based on measured data during the monitoring process).

[0099] By analyzing the growth amount G at different periods total By comparison, we can determine the growth trend of Selaginella pulcherrima:

[0100] ΔG=G total (t2)-G total (t1)

[0101] Where: G total (t1) is the comprehensive growth at the previous moment, G total(t2) is the comprehensive growth at the current moment, and ΔG is the increment of growth. If ΔG is less than the preset normal growth threshold, the system determines that the growth is slow and fertilizer may be needed.

[0102] When it is determined that fertilizer is needed, the degree of insufficient growth ΔG and the coverage area A plant Calculate the amount of fertilizer:

[0103]

[0104] Where: Q fertilizer is the amount of fertilizer applied, A plant is the plant coverage area, i.e. the land area to be managed with the first plant growing thereon, G threshold is the threshold of normal growth, K fertilizer It is the fertilization coefficient, which is set based on plant species and soil fertility.

[0105] Through the above algorithm, the system can accurately monitor the growth of Selaginella cuspidatum and automatically determine whether fertilizer is needed based on changes in growth, thereby ensuring the normal growth of the plant in the arid river valley slope environment.

[0106] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an automatic and simple maintenance system for regreening the slopes of arid river valleys, comprising:

[0107] An acquisition module is used to collect soil data and historical meteorological data of the greening area before the dry valley slope is greened;

[0108] A planting module, for selecting a first plant suitable for regreening according to the soil data and meteorological data, and evenly laying the first plant in different dimensions of the upper, middle and lower sides of the slope;

[0109] An imaging module, configured to capture a first image of the first plant through a camera;

[0110] a water replenishment module, configured to determine the degree of water shortage of the first plant according to the first image, and replenish water to the first plant according to the degree of water shortage;

[0111] A fertilization module is used to determine the degree of fertilizer deficiency of the first plant according to the first image, and fertilize the first plant according to the degree of fertilizer deficiency.

[0112] The prior art mentioned in the above background technology section and specific embodiment section of the present invention can be used as part of the present invention to understand the meaning of some technical features or parameters.

Claims

1. An automatic and simple maintenance method for regreening the slopes of arid river valleys, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Before regreening the slopes of the dry river valley, collect soil data and historical meteorological data of the regreening area; According to the soil data and historical meteorological data, a first plant suitable for regreening is selected, and the first plant is evenly laid at different dimensions of the upper, middle and lower sides of the slope; capturing a first image of the first plant by a camera; determining a degree of water shortage of the first plant according to the first image, and replenishing water to the first plant according to the degree of water shortage; The degree of fertility deficiency of the first plant is determined according to the first image, and fertilizer is applied to the first plant according to the degree of fertility deficiency.

2. The automatic and simple maintenance method for regreening the slopes of arid river valleys according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first plant is Selaginella pulvinata.

3. The automatic and simple maintenance method for regreening the slopes of arid river valleys according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The determining the degree of water shortage of the first plant according to the first image includes: The camera installed on the slope of the dry river valley is used to take images of leaves at the same position at different time points to form an image sequence of the leaves. Align the image sequences to ensure that the same leaf area is located in the same position in different images; Remove noise from the image through Gaussian filtering algorithm; In each image, the leaf area is segmented to accurately identify the leaf outline; The pixel counting method was used to calculate the average actual area of ​​the leaves; By comparing the changes in leaf area at the same position at different time points, the curling degree of the leaves can be identified, and the degree of water shortage can be determined based on the curling degree.

4. The automatic and simple maintenance method for regreening the slopes of arid river valleys according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The determining, according to the first image, the degree of nutrient deficiency of the first plant comprises: regularly capturing images of the first plant using an image acquisition device; Preprocess the image; The growth parameters of the plants, including height, number of leaves, and leaf area, were extracted from the preprocessed images using image processing algorithms; Calculating the comprehensive growth amount of the first plant according to the measured parameters of plant height, leaf number and leaf area in combination with weights; By comparing the growth amounts at different periods, the growth trend of the first plant is determined, and the degree of fertilizer deficiency is determined based on the growth trend.

5. The automatic and simple maintenance method for regreening the slopes of arid river valleys according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fertilizing the first plant according to the degree of fertilizer deficiency comprises: When it is determined that fertilizer is needed, the degree of insufficient growth ΔG and the coverage area A plant Calculate the amount of fertilizer: Where: Q fertilizer is the amount of fertilizer applied, A plant is the plant coverage area, G threshold is the threshold of normal growth, K fertilizer It is the fertilization coefficient, which is set based on plant species and soil fertility.

6. An automatic and simple maintenance system for regreening slopes in dry valleys, characterized in that: The system includes the following modules: An acquisition module is used to collect soil data and historical meteorological data of the greening area before the dry valley slope is greened; A planting module, for selecting a first plant suitable for regreening according to the soil data and meteorological data, and evenly laying the first plant in different dimensions of the upper, middle and lower sides of the slope; An imaging module, configured to capture a first image of the first plant through a camera; a water replenishment module, configured to determine the degree of water shortage of the first plant according to the first image, and replenish water to the first plant according to the degree of water shortage; A fertilization module is used to determine the degree of fertilizer deficiency of the first plant according to the first image, and fertilize the first plant according to the degree of fertilizer deficiency.

7. The automatic and simple maintenance system for regreening the slopes of dry valleys according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The first plant is Selaginella pulvinata.

8. The automatic simple maintenance system for regreening the slopes of dry valleys according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The determining the degree of water shortage of the first plant according to the first image includes: The camera installed on the slope of the dry river valley is used to take images of leaves at the same position at different time points to form an image sequence of the leaves. Align the image sequences to ensure that the same leaf area is located in the same position in different images; Remove noise from the image through Gaussian filtering algorithm; In each image, the leaf area is segmented to accurately identify the leaf outline; The pixel counting method was used to calculate the average actual area of ​​the leaves; By comparing the changes in leaf area at the same location at different time points, the degree of leaf curling can be identified.

9. The automatic simple maintenance system for regreening the slopes of dry valleys according to claim 6, characterized in that: The determining, according to the first image, the degree of nutrient deficiency of the first plant comprises: regularly capturing images of the first plant using an image acquisition device; Preprocess the image; The growth parameters of the plants, including height, number of leaves, and leaf area, were extracted from the preprocessed images using image processing algorithms; Calculating the comprehensive growth amount of the first plant according to the measured parameters of plant height, leaf number and leaf area in combination with weights; By comparing the growth amounts in different periods, the growth trend of the first plant can be determined.

10. The automatic and simple maintenance system for regreening the slopes of dry valleys according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fertilizing the first plant according to the degree of fertilizer deficiency comprises: When it is determined that fertilizer is needed, the degree of insufficient growth ΔG and the coverage area A plant Calculate the amount of fertilizer: Where: Q fertilizer is the amount of fertilizer applied, A plant is the plant coverage area, G threshold is the threshold of normal growth, K fertilizer It is the fertilization coefficient, which is set based on plant species and soil fertility.

Images