Substrate special for ginseng facility cultivation and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation and a preparation method and application thereof. The special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation is composed of a mixed substrate and a microbial agent, the mixed substrate is formed by mixing rotten mushroom residues, furfural residues, perlite and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 70-95: 10-20: 0-10: 5-20, and 40-50 kg of the microbial agent is added into each ton of the mixed substrate; the microbial agent is prepared by compounding bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and trichoderma harzianum according to the equal mass ratio. The matrix can improve the emergence rate and the seedling protection rate of ginseng seeds, promote ginseng root growth and nutrient absorption, and improve the uniformity of ginseng seedlings and transplanted plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular relates to a special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Facility cultivation refers to the cultivation of plants in an artificially controlled environment, which can provide the most suitable growth conditions, thereby improving the yield and quality of crops. For ginseng, facility cultivation can provide a stable growth environment, which is not restricted by natural climatic conditions and can achieve uninterrupted cultivation throughout the year. Therefore, ginseng facility cultivation is currently an effective way to save land resources, reduce damage to the ecological environment, and achieve the sustainable development of the ginseng industry.

[0003] However, due to the lack of a reasonable nutritional formula for ginseng cultivation substrate, it is impossible to effectively reduce the damage to soil resources caused by ginseng cultivation and improve the yield and quality of ginseng. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new ginseng cultivation substrate to improve the yield and quality of facility-cultivated ginseng. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation with strong permeability and looseness, not easy to be hardened, suitable nutrient content, low cost, less occurrence of diseases and pests, and excellent product quality, as well as a preparation method and application thereof.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation, which is composed of a mixed substrate and a microbial agent, wherein the mixed substrate is mixed with decomposed fungus chaff, furfural residue, perlite and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 70-95:10-20:0-10:5-20, and 40-50 kg of the microbial agent is added to each ton of the mixed substrate;

[0006] The microbial agent is prepared by compounding Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum in equal mass ratios.

[0007] The special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation of the present invention is prepared from decomposed mushroom chaff, furfural residue, perlite, vermiculite and microbial inoculant, so that the substrate achieves a balance between permeability, water retention, soil nutrients and beneficial microorganisms, ensures that the substrate has strong permeability and looseness, is not easy to be hardened, improves the germination rate and seedling survival rate of ginseng seeds, promotes the growth of ginseng root system and nutrient absorption, improves the uniformity, root growth and saponin content of ginseng seedlings and transplanted plants, and the present invention also proves through comparative experiments that Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum have a synergistic effect, and the effect is better than any single bacteria or commercially available EM composite bacteria.

[0008] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the physical and chemical indicators of the prepared ginseng facility cultivation special substrate are:

[0009] pH value 5.0-7.0, EC value 100-200μS / cm, organic matter content 10-30g / kg, nitrate nitrogen content 10-150mg / kg, available phosphorus content 10-300mg / kg, potassium ion 0.3-1.1cmol + / kg, calcium ion 3.0-6.5cmol + / kg, magnesium ion 1.0-4.0 cmol + / kg, iron content 10-200mg / kg, copper content 0.1-1.0mg / kg.

[0010] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Mix the decomposed mushroom bran, furfural residue, perlite, vermiculite and microbial agent in proportion by mass and stir for 5-8 minutes.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the present invention, the stirring speed is 15-20 rpm.

[0013] In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of the special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation in improving the ginseng germination rate and seedling preservation rate.

[0014] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides application of the special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation in promoting ginseng growth.

[0015] Furthermore, promoting the growth of ginseng includes increasing the root length, root thickness, fresh weight and dry weight of ginseng.

[0016] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides the use of the special matrix for ginseng facility cultivation in increasing the content of ginsenosides.

[0017] Furthermore, the ginsenosides include Re, Rg1 and Rb1

[0018] Compared with the existing farmland ginseng planting technology, the technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0019] The special matrix for ginseng facility cultivation of the present invention is composed of a mixed matrix and a microbial agent with a reasonable ratio. On the one hand, it can better meet the nutritional and environmental conditions required for the growth of ginseng, thereby promoting the healthy growth of ginseng, further improving the ginseng emergence rate and seedling survival rate, increasing the ginsenoside content, and enhancing the medicinal value of ginseng. On the other hand, it can eliminate the harm of continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng, can well solve the problems of serious diseases and insect pests, and effectively reduce the damage of ginseng cultivation to soil resources.

[0020] The use of the special ginseng facility cultivation substrate for ginseng cultivation can improve land utilization rate; soil improvement is eliminated in production, labor efficiency is high, and factory-based and automated ginseng cultivation is realized. Ginseng growth is completely controlled manually, so that the produced ginseng truly meets the standards of organic agricultural products; ginseng substrate cultivation can be cultivated in both rural areas and urban suburbs, and a harvest can be obtained after 1-2 years of management after transplanting; ginseng substrate cultivation has high yield, no agricultural residues, high economic benefits, and is suitable for large-scale promotion and use.

[0021] The method for preparing the special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation of the present invention is simple and convenient, and only requires mixing and stirring commercially available materials in a specified proportion. In addition, facility cultivation can also better control environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, making management more convenient.

[0022] The special matrix for ginseng facility cultivation of the present invention is applied to ginseng cultivation, and has significant advantages in terms of increasing yield, improving quality, environmental benefits, flexibility and ease of operation, and lays a foundation for facility cultivation of other medicinal plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a comparison of the growth of the aboveground parts of annual plants grown in the substrates of Treatment 2 and CK2 groups in Example 1, wherein the left side of the blue cloth is the CK2 group, and the right side of the blue cloth is the Treatment 2 group.

[0024] Figure 2 This is the morphology of some four-year-old ginseng rhizomes grown in the two groups of substrates treated in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples, but it should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0026] It should be noted that, in the present invention, the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus.

[0027] The decomposed mushroom bran in the matrix components of the present invention is the waste mushroom bran (black fungus mushroom bran) after producing edible fungi, specifically the mushroom bran that is completely decomposed by high-temperature micro-aerobic fermentation, which is purchased from the Tianqiaoling Black Fungus Forest Economic Demonstration Base in Wangqing City, Jilin Province; the furfural residue is the waste after furfural (2-furan formaldehyde) is extracted from corn cobs, which is purchased from Huijin Furfural Residue Sales Department in Xifeng Town, Xifeng County; the perlite, vermiculite and microbial inoculants are all commercially available products.

[0028] Substrate cultivation refers to a planting technology that does not use soil formed by nature, but instead uses a nutrient matrix containing the nutrients needed for plant growth and development to provide nutrients, allowing plants to complete their entire life cycle normally.

[0029] The invention aims to provide a special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation, which consists of a mixed substrate and a microbial agent. The mixed substrate is mixed with decomposed mushroom chaff, furfural residue, perlite and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 70-95:10-20:0-10:5-20, and 40-50 kg of the microbial agent is added to each ton of the mixed substrate. The nutrient components of the decomposed mushroom chaff are as follows: total nitrogen content: 1.2%; phosphorus content: 0.51%; and organic matter: 37.8%.

[0030] The active ingredients of the microbial agent are Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum, and the Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum are purchased from Shandong Jingqing Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is purchased from Beihai Qiangxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0031] Among them, the product parameters of Bacillus subtilis are: Name: Prebiotic microbial agent, effective live bacteria count ≥ 30 billion / g, dosage form: powder.

[0032] Trichoderma harzianum product parameters: Name: Trichoderma harzianum microbial agent, effective live bacteria count ≥ 500 million / g, dosage form: powder.

[0033] Bacillus amyloliquefaciens product parameters: Name: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (fully water-soluble type), the actual content of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens raw materials and carriers is ≥100 billion / g.

[0034] In the present invention, the optimal pH value range of the substrate is 5-7.0, and ginseng grows best in this range. When the pH value of the substrate is less than 5, the leaves will expand slowly, the leaves will turn yellow and the flowers will shrink, and when the pH value of the substrate is greater than 7.0, the trace elements in the soil will form insoluble compounds and be fixed, which will be difficult for ginseng to absorb, resulting in trace element deficiency and affecting the normal growth of ginseng, so it is not preferred.

[0035] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation. The preparation method is as follows: decomposed mushroom bran, furfural residue, perlite, vermiculite and microbial agent are uniformly mixed and stirred in a blender for 5 minutes at a blender speed of 15 revolutions per minute to obtain the special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation.

[0036] In the present invention, the ginseng is the ginseng mainly grown in Changbai Mountain area.

[0037] The present invention will be further described below by specific examples:

[0038] Example 1: Preparation and effect verification of special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation

[0039] 1. Verification of the effect of substrates with different ratios of decomposed fungus bran, furfural residue, perlite and vermiculite

[0040] (1) Preparation of matrix

[0041] The raw materials were weighed and mixed according to the ratio in Table 1, wherein 42 g of microbial agent was added per ton of the mixed matrix (the powders of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum were compounded in an equal mass ratio), and the raw materials were uniformly mixed and stirred in a blender for 5 minutes before sampling. The blender speed was 15 rpm. After nutrient content analysis, the physical and chemical indicators of the prepared matrix were shown in Table 2, and the nutrient content was shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0042] Table 1 Ratio of ginseng cultivation medium (mass ratio %)

[0043] deal with Mature fungus bran Furfural residue Perlite Vermiculite Process 1 80 10 3 7 Process 2 70 20 3 7 Process 3 60 25 5 10

[0044] Table 2 Physical and chemical indicators of the matrix

[0045] serial number index Content range 1 Total nitrogen 1.6-2.8g / kg 2 Total Phosphorus 0.1-0.7g / kg 3 Total Potassium 5.0-12g / kg 4 pH 5.0-7.0 5 Ec 100-200us / cm 6 Organic matter 10-30g / kg 7 Available nitrogen 10-150 mg / kg 8 Fast-acting phosphorus 20-300 mg / kg 9 Potassium <![CDATA[0.3-1.1cmol + / kg]]> 10 Calcium <![CDATA[3.0-6.5cmol + / kg]]> 11 Magnesium ion <![CDATA[1.0-4.0cmol + / kg]]> 12 Iron content 10-200 mg / kg 13 Copper content 0.1-1.0mg / kg

[0046] Table 3 pH and EC values ​​of ginseng cultivation medium

[0047] deal with pH EC Process 1 6.48±0.06c 489.33±10.97c Process 2 6.60±0.02ab 521.00±2.89b Process 3 6.72±0.02a 628.00±3.61a

[0048] Table 4 Differences in the contents of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the substrate (mg / kg)

[0049] deal with Nitrate Fast-acting phosphorus Fast-Acting Potassium Process 1 194.95±59.93a 81.59±7.60a 241.00±3.56a Process 2 148.14±106.61b 58.33±6.29b 216.00±16.96b Process 3 120.63±162.23b 49.03±4.52b 194.00±6.53c

[0050] (2) Seedling test treatment is as follows:

[0051] 1) Substrates of treatments 1, 2, and 3; 2) Ordinary soil (CK1); 3) Treatment 1 without the addition of microbial agents (CK2);

[0052] Soak the ginseng seeds in 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture (Bordeaux mixture (lime sulfur mixture) lime, sulfur, and water in the ratio of 1:1:100) for 15 minutes to disinfect the seeds. In mid-to-late April, plant the ginseng seeds in the substrate with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 20 cm. Then cover them with a thin layer of soil and finally water them appropriately.

[0053] Soak the roots of two-year-old ginseng seedlings in 1:1:100 Bordeaux liquid for 15 minutes for disinfection. The row and plant spacing is 20 cm × 20 cm. When transplanting, open a planting trough and place the ginseng plants in the trough according to a certain plant spacing. When placing, place the ginseng plants with the reed heads facing up and at a 30-degree angle to the bed surface. Place them one by one and cover them with soil while placing them. After covering the soil, scrape the bed surface flat.

[0054] The germination rate and survival rate of ginseng seeds sown in the substrate in the same year and the survival rate of two-year-old ginseng seedlings after two years of growth (four-year-old ginseng) were determined. The results are shown in Table 5 and Figure 1 As shown, the survival rate of ginseng seedlings in treatments 1 to 3 was significantly higher than that in ordinary soil (CK1) and treatment 1 (CK2) without the addition of microbial agents.

[0055] Table 5 Ginseng seedling emergence rate and 4-year-old ginseng seedling preservation rate in ginseng special substrate (%)

[0056] Seed germination rate Seedling survival rate 4-year-old seedling preservation rate Process 1 93a 89a 90a Process 2 97a 92a 91a Process 3 95 a 92a 91a CK1 92a 80b 79b CK2 83b 79b 75b

[0057] The growth-related indices of two-year-old ginseng seedlings after two years of growth in the substrate (four-year-old ginseng) were measured: root length, root diameter, fresh weight and dry weight. The results are shown in Tables 6 and Figure 2 .

[0058] Table 6 Comparison of root growth of four-year-old ginseng grown in different substrates

[0059] deal with Root length (cm) Root diameter(mm) Fresh weight(g) Dry weight (g) Process 1 21.65±0.50b 19.11±0.02b 37.92±0.13c 10.16±0.09b Process 2 24.02±0.14a 22.20±0.21a 46.14±0.18a 14.41±0.02a Process 3 20.48±0.08c 18.24±0.22b 35.39±0.29d 9.82±0.02c CK1 21.76±0.58b 16.30±0.24c 40.75±0.65b 13.55±0.06c CK2 21.86+0.26b 15.30±0.21d 39.86±0.34b 12.15±0.04c

[0060] The saponin content of two-year-old ginseng seedlings after growing in the substrate for two years (four-year-old ginseng) was determined, and the results are shown in Table 7.

[0061] Table 7 Content of saponins of four-year-old ginseng in different treatment matrices (%)

[0062] deal with Total saponins Re+Rg1 Rb1 Process 1 5.9a 0.75b 0.28a Process 2 6.2a 0.87a 0.36a Process 3 6.0a 0.81ab 0.32a CK1 5.2b 0.76b 0.23b CK2 5.0b 0.69c 0.21b

[0063] Example 2: Effect of the amount of microbial agent added on the growth of annual ginseng

[0064] Substrate preparation: Based on Treatment 2 in Example 1, the amount of microbial agent added was changed.

[0065] The seedling raising test treatment is the same as in Example 1.

[0066] One year after sowing, the growth-related indicators of ginseng in different substrates were measured: root length, root diameter and fresh weight. The effects of adding different amounts of microbial agents on the growth of annual ginseng are shown in Table 8. The results show that the addition of 40 kg of microbial agents has the best effect on improving the root length, root diameter and fresh weight of annual ginseng.

[0067] Table 8 Effects of different microbial agent additions on ginseng growth in substrate treatment 2

[0068] Amount of microbial agent added Root length (cm) Root diameter(mm) Fresh weight(g) 20kg 15.7±0.50b 5.51±0.02c 2.02±0.13c 30kg 16.4±0.14ab 6.38±0.21b 2.61±0.18b 40kg 17.6±0.08a 8.51±0.22a 2.81±0.29a 50kg 16.6±0.58ab 6.35±0.24b 2.68±0.65b

[0069] Example 3: Effects of different microbial agents on the growth of annual ginseng

[0070] Substrate preparation: Based on treatment 2 in Example 1, the types of microbial agents were changed, and commercial agents A, B and C were used as controls. Among them, the active ingredient of commercial agent A was Trichoderma harzianum, 20 billion / g; the active ingredient of commercial agent B was EM composite bacteria, 8 billion / g; and the active ingredient of commercial agent C was Bacillus subtilis, 2 billion / g.

[0071] Among them, commercial fungal agent A: Brand: Kunlanbinong; Shandong Kunlanbinong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Product number: 2233-TT.

[0072] Commercial microbial agent B: Brand: Jijian; Qingdao Arthur Import and Export Trading Co., Ltd.; active ingredients include 80 kinds of beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus flora, photosynthetic bacteria flora, yeast flora, etc.

[0073] Commercial microbial agent C: Brand: Rongheng; Hebei Rongheng Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; active ingredient: Bacillus subtilis.

[0074] The seedling raising test treatment is the same as in Example 1.

[0075] One year after sowing, the growth-related indicators of ginseng in different substrates were measured: root length, root diameter and fresh weight. The effects of different types of microbial agents in substrate treatment 2 on the growth of annual ginseng are shown in Table 9.

[0076] Table 9 Effects of different types of microbial agents on ginseng growth in substrate treatment 2

[0077] Amount of microbial agent added Root length (cm) Root diameter(mm) Fresh weight(g) Commercial Bacterial Agent A 14.7±0.69c 5.51±0.62c 2.11±0.63b Commercial Bacteria Agent 16.4±0.13b 6.58±0.24b 2.60±0.88ab Bacterial agent of the present invention 18.68±0.06a 8.16±1.8a 2.71±0.89a Commercial microbial agent C 17.6±0.54ab 6.63±0.84b 2.58±0.68ab

[0078] In summary, the special matrix for ginseng facility cultivation of the present invention is prepared from decomposed mushroom bran, furfural residue, perlite, vermiculite, and microbial agents, so that the matrix achieves a balance between permeability, water retention, soil nutrients, and beneficial microorganisms, ensuring that the matrix has strong permeability and looseness and is not easy to harden, thereby improving the germination rate and seedling survival rate of ginseng seeds, promoting ginseng root growth and nutrient absorption, and increasing the saponin content of ginseng seedlings and the uniformity of transplanted plants.

[0079] Because the substrate for ginseng growth has fewer harmful pathogens and more beneficial bacteria, it significantly improves disease resistance and reduces the types of medicines used and the number of spraying times. At the same time, the substrate does not contain weed seeds, and no weeding operations are required during the entire ginseng growth cycle, which reduces labor costs, achieves green and organic results, greatly reduces production costs, and solves the problems of nutrient imbalance in the existing substrate and relatively single microbial species.

[0080] It should be noted that when the claims of the present invention involve numerical ranges, it should be understood that the two endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints can be selected. In order to avoid redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment.

[0081] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0082] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation, characterized in that: The method comprises a mixed matrix and a microbial agent, wherein the mixed matrix is ​​composed of decomposed fungus chaff, furfural residue, perlite and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 70-95:10-20:0-10:5-20, and 40-50 kg of the microbial agent is added to each ton of the mixed matrix; The microbial agent is prepared by compounding Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma harzianum in equal mass ratios.

2. The special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and trichoderma harzianum are all powders.

3. The method for preparing a special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The steps include: Mix the decomposed mushroom bran, furfural residue, perlite, vermiculite and microbial agent in proportion by mass and stir for 5-8 minutes.

4. The method for preparing a special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The stirring speed is 15-20 rpm.

5. Use of the special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation according to any one of claims 1-2 in improving ginseng germination rate and seedling survival rate.

6. Use of the special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 2 in promoting ginseng growth.

7. The use of the special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation according to claim 6 in promoting ginseng growth, characterized in that: Promoting ginseng growth includes increasing the root length, root diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of ginseng.

8. Use of the special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 2 in increasing the content of ginsenosides.

9. The use of the special substrate for ginseng facility cultivation according to claim 8 in increasing the content of ginsenosides, characterized in that: The ginsenosides include Re, Rg1 and Rb1.

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