Application of usnea powder, usnea acid or usnea acid sodium in preparation of broad-spectrum aquatic animal parasite resisting medicine or feed

Abstract

The invention provides application of usnea powder, usnea acid or usnea acid sodium (or usnea powder, usnea acid or usnea acid sodium as a unique active component) in preparation of broad-spectrum aquatic animal parasite resisting drugs or drugs for treating complications caused by parasite infection or feed additives or functional feeds. The Chinese usnea, Chinese usnea extract, usnic acid, usneate and the like can be utilized to repel or kill various parasites including ciliates, worms, protozoa and the like parasitic on the body surface and in the body in the aquatic animal breeding process, so that the health of bred animals is maintained, the breeding success rate is increased, broad-spectrum and efficient prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases of the aquatic animals can be realized, and the Chinese usnea and Chinese usnea extract can be used for preventing and treating the parasitic diseases of the aquatic animals. And the feed has good culture benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits, is safe, broad-spectrum and efficient, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of veterinary drugs, and in particular to application of usnea powder, usnic acid or usnea sodium in preparing broad-spectrum anti-parasite drugs or feeds for aquatic animals. Background Art

[0002] my country is a major aquaculture country, which has developed particularly rapidly in the past 20 years. The aquaculture industry has not only seen an increase in the types of farmed animals, but also a gradual increase in the farming area and stocking density, and the exchange of aquaculture animals between regions and internationally has become increasingly frequent. At the same time, the problem of diseases that restrict the sustainable development of aquaculture has become increasingly prominent, manifested in an increase in the types of diseases, frequent outbreaks, rapid and wide spread of diseases, increased degree of harm, high mortality after onset, and serious economic losses.

[0003] Parasitic diseases of aquatic animals are a common type of disease, which occurs in almost all farmed species. Different types of parasites have different living and reproduction habits, and the damage to aquatic animals is also different. Parasitic diseases occur one after another, almost throughout the entire breeding process of farmed animals from larvae to adults. Common aquatic animal parasites include: flagellates such as Cryptomonas gillata; ciliates such as Trichodina, Trichodina, Shield Ciliate, Ichthyophthirius, and Cryptocaryon irritans; worms such as Dactylopsis and Trichodina; protozoa such as Myxosporea, Trichodina, and Eimeria; arthropods such as Anchor Fleas, Chinese Fleas, Copepoda, and Fish Lice. Parasites parasitize on the gills and body surfaces of farmed animals. Some species parasitize on the digestive tract, causing damage, inflammation, and bleeding to farmed animals. Severe cases can cause the death of a large number of farmed animals. At the same time, the damage to the body caused by parasites can easily cause secondary infections of pathogens such as bacteria and fungi, thereby causing bacterial and fungal diseases, causing more serious harm. In some provinces of our country, especially in the south, fish parasitic diseases occur almost every year, causing the death of fish. The mortality rate ranges from 20% to 30% in low cases to over 90% in severe cases.

[0004] When aquatic animals are infected with parasites, it is difficult to treat them. Usually, some anthelmintics are used for treatment, such as mebendazole, praziquantel, albendazole, and trichlorfon for the treatment of helminthiasis, copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate powder for the treatment of flagellate and ciliate parasitic diseases, chlorpheniramine hydrochloride, diclazuril, etc. for the treatment of protozoan parasitic diseases, and trichlorfon for the treatment of arthropod parasites. However, due to the weak research and development of insecticides for many years and the lack of effective insecticides, parasitic pathogens have developed strong resistance to existing drugs, resulting in increased treatment costs. At the same time, large-scale use will cause environmental pollution and drug residue problems, seriously affecting the product quality of farmed animals.

[0005] Traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients, as new types of fishery medicines, are safe, effective, low in toxicity and leave no residue, and have great room for development.

[0006] Usnea, also known as female vine, cloud grass, Laojunxu, etc., is the lichen of Usnea longusnea and Usnea ring-slit, belonging to the Usneaceae family. It is bitter, sweet and flat in nature and taste. It has the functions of expectoration, liver clearing, detoxification and hemostasis. It is mainly used to treat cough with sputum, tuberculosis, phlegm malaria, headache, red eyes, swollen eye opacity, sores, breast abscess, traumatic bleeding, metrorrhagia, leucorrhea, rheumatism and pain, and burns. It has a long history of application and is recorded in the ancient traditional medical books of ethnic minorities such as Mongolian, Tibetan and Uyghur. The usnea medicinal materials used by various ethnic groups and regions are all based on the branched lichens of the genus Usnea as medicinal resources, among which Usnea longusnea is the most common. There are many studies on usnic acid in usnea. The application of sodium usnic acid is similar to that of usnic acid, and most of them focus on its antibacterial, anti-infection, detoxification, anti-tumor, cosmetics and other aspects of its efficacy research. However, there are no reports on the application of usnea, usnea extract, usnic acid and usnic acid salt in the prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases in aquatic animals. Summary of the invention

[0007] Purpose of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide the use of usnea powder, usnic acid or sodium usneate (or usnea powder, usnic acid or sodium usneate as the only active ingredient) in the preparation of broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drugs for aquatic animals or drugs or feed additives or functional feeds for complications caused by parasitic infections.

[0009] The present invention utilizes aquatic animals suffering from parasitic diseases to carry out drug screening, and obtains broad-spectrum effective usnea, usnea extracts and their effective ingredients usnic acid and usnic acid salts. The drugs of the present invention have good anthelmintic or insecticidal effects on common aquatic ciliates, worms and protozoa parasites. Compared with traditional aquatic insecticides such as copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate powder, mebendazole, chlorphenamine hydrochloride, and trichlorfon, the drugs of the present invention have the advantages of high safety, low drug toxicity and side effects, and no harmful residues. They can improve the quality and safety of aquatic products and have good ecological, environmental and social benefits.

[0010] Solution

[0011] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0012] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a use of usnea powder, usnic acid or usnea sodium in the preparation of a broad-spectrum medicine or feed additive or functional feed against parasites or complications caused by parasitic infections in aquatic animals.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a use of usnea powder, usnic acid or sodium usneate as the sole active ingredient in the preparation of a broad-spectrum drug for preventing aquatic animal parasites or complications caused by parasitic infections, a drug for treating complications caused by parasitic infections, a feed additive or a functional feed.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a broad-spectrum anti-aquatic animal parasite drug, which comprises usnea crushed material, and / or usnea extract, and / or usneic acid, and / or usneic acid salts, wherein the active ingredients include usneic acid and usneic acid salts, wherein the mass of usneic acid and / or usneic acid salts is not less than 0.2%, optionally not less than 1%, and optionally not less than 2%.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a broad-spectrum anti-aquatic animal parasite feed additive, which comprises usnea crushed material, and / or usnea extract, and / or usneic acid, and / or usneic acid salts, wherein the effective ingredients include usneic acid and usneic acid salts, wherein the mass of usneic acid and / or usneic acid salts is not less than 0.002%, optionally not less than 0.02%, and optionally not less than 0.2%.

[0016] In a fifth aspect, a functional feed with broad-spectrum anti-aquatic animal parasites is provided, which comprises usnea crushed material, and / or usnea extract, and / or usneic acid, and / or usneic acid salts, wherein the effective ingredients include usneic acid and usneic acid salts, wherein the mass of usneic acid and / or usneic acid salts is not less than 0.0002%, optionally not less than 0.002%, and optionally not less than 0.02%.

[0017] In the first to fifth aspects above, the parasite is a parasite that infects fish or crustacean aquatic animals.

[0018] In the first to fifth aspects mentioned above, the parasites include one or more of ciliates, worms, and protozoa; optionally, ciliates include wheelworms (such as wheelworm disease of sea bass), Ichthyophthirius (such as Ichthyophthirius of carp), oblique tube worms (such as oblique tube worms of yellow catfish), irritating nucleus worms (such as irritating nucleus worms of large yellow croaker), shield ciliates (such as shield ciliates of turbot), crustacean ciliates, polycystic ovary syndrome, bell-shaped worms, septate worms, and monocystic worms; optionally, worms include one or more of ringworms (such as ringworms of crucian carp), tapeworms (such as grass carp tapeworms), and trichozoa; optionally, protozoa include one or more of sporozoans (such as sporozoans of crucian carp) and trypanozoans.

[0019] In the first to fifth aspects above, the drug is an oral drug or a medicinal bath preparation; optionally, the mass of usnic acid and / or usnic acid salt in the drug is not less than 0.2%, optionally not less than 1%, optionally not less than 2%.

[0020] In the first to fifth aspects above, the mass of usnic acid and / or usnic acid salt in the feed additive is not less than 0.002%.

[0021] In the first to fifth aspects above, the functional feed contains no less than 0.0002% by mass of usnic acid and / or usnic acid salt.

[0022] In the first to fifth aspects above, the usnea powder is usnea crushed material or usnea extract; optionally, the usnea extract is an organic solvent extract, and optionally the organic solvent includes one or more of acetone, chloroform, and glacial acetic acid.

[0023] In the first to fifth aspects above, the dosage form of the drug is any one of powder, dust, granule, solution, paste, pour-on, and injection.

[0024] In the first to fifth aspects above, the drug further contains pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

[0025] In the first to fifth aspects above, the aquatic animals include fish and / or crustaceans; optionally, the aquatic animals include one or more of grass carp, carp, crucian carp, sea bass, yellow catfish, catfish, large yellow croaker, turbot, golden pomfret, tilapia, whiteleg shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, giant tiger prawn, Japanese swamp shrimp, Chinese shrimp, Chinese mitten crab, and blue crab.

[0026] Beneficial Effects

[0027] In the present invention, usnea, usnea extract, usnic acid, usnic acid salts and the like can be used to make medicines (veterinary drugs), feed additives, functional feeds and the like for administration, so as to expel or kill various parasites including ciliates, worms, protozoa and the like that parasitize on the body surface or in the body during the breeding process of aquatic animals, so as to maintain the health of the farmed animals and improve the breeding success rate. Broad-spectrum and efficient prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases of aquatic animals can be achieved, with less use of chemical drugs, good breeding benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits, and the method is safe, broad-spectrum and efficient, and is conducive to large-scale promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] One or more embodiments are exemplarily described by the pictures in the accompanying drawings, and these exemplary descriptions do not constitute limitations on the embodiments. The special word "exemplary" here means "used as an example, embodiment or illustrative". Any embodiment described as "exemplary" here is not necessarily interpreted as being superior or better than other embodiments.

[0029] Figure 1The effects of Usnea extract powder on trichodina disease (ciliate) in seabass before and after use in Test Example 2 of the present invention; wherein, A is the situation before use of Usnea extract powder, in which a large number of trichodina parasitized on the gills; B is the situation after use of Usnea extract powder for 3 days, in which the trichodina on the gills were significantly reduced.

[0030] Figure 2 The effects of Usnic Acid Powder on grass carp tapeworm disease (worms) before and after using Usnic Acid Powder in Test Example 3 of the present invention; wherein A is the situation before using Usnic Acid Powder, a large number of tapeworms parasitize in the intestines of grass carp; B is the situation after using Usnic Acid Powder for 5 days, the number of tapeworms parasitizing in the intestines of grass carp is reduced to 0.

[0031] Figure 3 In the test example 3 of the present invention, the crucian carp before using sodium usnicoate powder showed that a large number of diseased crucian carp fry died every day, and the throat and subcutaneous swelling were found, with a large number of cysts.

[0032] Figure 4 In the microscopic examination results of the crucian carp lesions before using sodium usnicoate powder in Test Example 3 of the present invention, a large number of sporozoans were observed after tableting.

[0033] Figure 5 The conditions and microscopic examination results of crucian carp on the 5th day after using sodium usnicoside powder in Test Example 3 of the present invention, wherein A is a photo of the downwind pond, in which there are basically no dead fish floating; B and C are subcutaneous photos of crucian carp, in which no sporozoa were found; D is a photo of the throat and gills, in which no cysts were found; and E is a microscopic examination photo, in which no sporozoa were found. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In addition, in order to better illustrate the present invention, numerous specific details are provided in the specific embodiments below. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention can also be implemented without certain specific details. In some embodiments, raw materials, elements, methods, means, etc. well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail, so as to highlight the main purpose of the present invention.

[0036] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the term “comprise” or variations such as “include” or “comprising”, etc., will be understood to include the stated elements or components but not to exclude other elements or components.

[0037] The usnea of ​​the present invention is commercially available.

[0038] Example 1 Usnea Powder

[0039] Dry the usnea medicinal material, grind it into 80-mesh fine powder, add appropriate amount of glucose, and prepare a powder with a usnea acid content of 2%, which is usnea powder, and set aside.

[0040] Example 2: Usnea extract powder

[0041] After drying the usnea, weigh 10g, use 300ml acetone as solvent, heat and extract, collect the extract, recover the solvent, concentrate the extract, add appropriate amount of starch, dry and grind into powder, so that the usnea acid content is about 2%, which is the usnea extract powder, and set aside.

[0042] Example 3: Usnic acid powder

[0043] Add appropriate amount of glucose to usnic acid to prepare a powder with a usnic acid content of 2%, namely usnic acid powder, and set aside.

[0044] Example 4: Sodium usnic acid powder

[0045] Add appropriate amount of glucose to sodium usnic acid to prepare a powder with a sodium usnic acid content of 2%, namely sodium usnic acid powder, and set aside.

[0046] Weigh a certain amount of the above-mentioned drugs and mix them with the feed step by step to make medicated bait for later use.

[0047] Test comparative example 1:

[0048] The applicant found in previous studies that Usnea has a good effect on chicken coccidia, so the applicant tried to use the drug of Example 3 to prevent and treat aquatic animal coccidiosis (Eimeria), but did not show an ideal therapeutic effect, specifically:

[0049] A trial of oral treatment by mixing bait was conducted using one-year-old black carp infected with Eimeria: The black carp breeding pond in Yangqiao Town, Guanyun District, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, covers a total area of ​​8 mu, with 900 one-year-old black carp stocked per mu. In June, black carp died, and 10 diseased fish were removed for autopsy and observation, revealing many white nodules on the intestinal wall of the black carp. The nodule tissue was made into slices and observed under a microscope, under which the oocysts of coccidia could be observed, confirming the black carp with Eimeria disease. According to statistics, the average number of white nodules on the entire intestinal wall of each black carp was 12 / intestine, and about 30 black carps died in the pond every day.

[0050] Treatment method: Mix the usnic acid powder of Example 3 with black carp feed, add a binder, and prepare a medicine bait with a usnic acid powder content of 10g / kg feed. After continuous feeding for 7 days, randomly select 10 black carps and use the same method to observe the number of small nodules on the intestinal wall of the black carp. At the same time, observe the death of the black carp after medication to evaluate the therapeutic effect of usnic acid powder on black carp Eimeria coccidiosis. Results: After 7 days of use, the number of small nodules on the intestinal wall of black carp increased from 12 / intestine to 15 / intestine on average. At the same time, the number of black carp deaths increased from about 30 per day to about 80 per day, and the symptoms did not improve significantly. This shows that the usnic acid powder of Example 3 does not show an ideal therapeutic effect on black carp Eimeria coccidiosis.

[0051] The inventors analyzed that although chicken coccidia and fish coccidia are both coccidia parasites, the parasites' living habits and sensitivity to drugs may be species-specific and vary greatly. Therefore, the research and development of parasite drugs is still very difficult. Through a large number of experiments and research and development, the applicant finally found that Usnea has a good preventive and therapeutic effect on many types of parasites. Its scope of use is relatively wide, including: some protozoa, some ciliates, some worms, etc., showing unexpected therapeutic effects, specifically:

[0052] Test Example 1: Effect of Usnea Powder (Example 1) on Dactylopsis (helminths) in Crucian Carp

[0053] There are a total of 20 mu of crucian carp breeding ponds in Caofeidian District, Tangshan, Hebei Province, with a stock of 800 crucian carps per mu. On September 20, 10 crucian carps were randomly picked, and their gill filaments were cut off and made into pressed slices. The slices were observed under a microscope (10×10 times). It was found that a large number of Dactylorhinus elegans were parasitic on the gills of the crucian carps. After counting, the total number of Dactylorhinus elegans parasitic on the gill filaments was an average of 28-32 per crucian carp.

[0054] Treatment method: Mix the Usnea powder of Example 1 with crucian carp feed evenly, add a binder to prepare a medicated bait with a Usnea powder content of 10 g / kg feed. After continuous feeding for 5 days, 10 crucian carps were randomly selected and the same method was used to observe the number of parasitic Dactylopidae on the gills of the crucian carp. At the same time, the health status, behavioral characteristics and feeding conditions of the crucian carp after medication were observed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Usnea powder on Dactylopidae disease in crucian carp.

[0055] Results: After 5 days of use, the total number of Dactylariasis parasitic on the gill filaments of crucian carp was reduced from 28-32 / tail to 2-3 / tail on average. At the same time, the feeding speed of crucian carp increased significantly. The time to finish feeding the same amount of feed was shortened from 2 hours before use to 1.5 hours. This shows that Example 1 Usnea powder can have a good therapeutic effect on Dactylariasis in crucian carp.

[0056] Test Example 2: Effect of Usnea Extract Powder (Example 2) on Trichodiniasis (Ciliates) in Seabass

[0057] The perch breeding pond in Yueyang, Hunan Province, has a total area of ​​25 mu of water and a stock of 50,000 perch. In mid-June, the perch began to eat less well than usual and there was a phenomenon of group collapse. It was suspected that there were parasites. Five perch were randomly picked up, and the gill filaments were cut and pressed into slices. The slices were placed under a microscope (10×10 times) and found that a large number of wheelworms were parasitic on the gills of the perch. After counting, the number of wheelworms parasitic on the gill filaments was 40-50 per field of view on average (such as Figure 1 A).

[0058] Treatment method: Dissolve and dilute the Usnea extract powder of Example 2 with an appropriate amount of water, and then spray it throughout the pond. The dosage of Usnea extract powder is 200 g / mu of water, once a day. After 3 consecutive uses, 5 seabass are randomly selected and the number of parasitic wheelworms on the gills of the seabass is observed using the same method. At the same time, the behavioral characteristics and feeding conditions of the seabass after medication are observed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Usnea extract powder on wheelworm disease in seabass.

[0059] Results: On the second day of use, the feeding speed was significantly improved, the food grabbing was obvious, and the group explosion phenomenon no longer occurred. After 3 days of use, the total number of wheelworms parasitizing on the gill filaments of sea bass decreased from 40-50 / field of vision to 0-1 / field of vision (such as Figure 1 B), at the same time, the feeding speed of the sea bass was further accelerated, and the feeding speed of the fish was also significantly increased. It is shown that the Usnea extract powder of Example 2 can have a good therapeutic effect on the trichodiniasis of sea bass by spraying the whole pond.

[0060] Test Example 3: Effect of Usnic Acid Powder (Example 3) on Grass Carp Tapeworm Disease (Helmins)

[0061] Mr. Zhao from Luoyang, Henan, has a grass carp breeding pond with a total area of ​​15 mu of water, with a pond stock of 10,000 kg and a size of about 3 liang. In early June, the grass carp began to eat less well than before. On June 12, 10 grass carps were randomly selected and found to have a large number of tapeworms in the intestines of the grass carps through autopsy and microscopic examination, with an average number of more than 30 per grass carp (such as Figure 2 A), almost filling the entire intestinal tract of grass carp.

[0062] Treatment method: Mix the usnic acid powder of Example 3 with grass carp feed, add a binder, and prepare a medicated bait with a usnic acid powder content of 10g / kg feed. After continuous feeding for 5 days, randomly select 10 grass carps and use the same method to observe the number of tapeworms in the intestines of the grass carp. At the same time, observe the behavioral characteristics and feeding conditions of the grass carp after medication to evaluate the therapeutic effect of usnic acid powder on grass carp tapeworm disease. Results: After 5 days of use, the feeding speed was significantly improved, and the food grabbing was obvious. Ten grass carps were randomly selected for autopsy and observation. The number of tapeworms parasitic in the intestines of the grass carp was reduced to 0 (such as Figure 2B), and at the same time, the fish's feeding speed also increased significantly. Example 3 Usnic acid powder can have a good therapeutic effect on grass carp tapeworm disease by making bait for oral administration.

[0063] Test Example 4: Effect of Usnicotinic Acid Sodium Powder (Example 4) on Sporozoan Disease (Protozoa) in Crucian Carp

[0064] Sporozoites are the most serious disease in crucian carp breeding areas. They are often prevalent from April to October each year, with May and September being the peak periods of the disease. In the early stage of infection, white spores appear on the gills, and there are no symptoms in the throat. In the middle stage of infection, the parasitic gills are accompanied by increased mucus, rot and swelling of the gill filaments. Sick fish often float in groups in the downwind area, and a small number of them die. In the late stage of infection, the throat is swollen or ulcerated, with a large number of sporozoite cysts, and the number of deaths increases sharply.

[0065] Test location and situation: The crucian carp fry pond is located in Nanping Town, Gong'an County, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. The pond area is 4.5 mu, with a size of about 300 fish per jin and a stock of 200,000 fish. After sampling and microscopic examination, it was confirmed that the crucian carp was in the late stage of infection with laryngeal spores. A large number of crucian carp have died every day, with more than 6,000 fish dying every day.

[0066] Treatment plan: As the case is quite serious, the drug should be taken orally and sprayed externally at the same time, and the dosage should be increased.

[0067] External spraying: Sodium usnic acid powder 100g / mu of water, spray throughout the pond, spray once a day, each time feeding, use a 50g spraying table, spray continuously for 3 days.

[0068] Mix with feed for oral administration: fully mix sodium usnic acid powder with crucian carp feed, add adhesive to make medicated bait with the content of sodium usnic acid powder being 30g / kg feed, and feed it for 5 consecutive days (medication cycle is June 26th to June 30th).

[0069] The results are shown in Table 1: Before the medication, more than 6,000 crucian carps died every day. A large number of dead fish could be seen at the downwind outlet of the pond every day. Ten live crucian carps were randomly selected for autopsy and observation. Seven of them had cysts under the skin, and five of them had cysts in the throat or gills (see Table 1). Figure 3 ), and a large number of sporozoa can be observed by pressing the crucian carp lesions and examining them under a microscope (see Figure 4 After using sodium usnic acid powder, the death rate of crucian carp decreased rapidly. On the 5th day, the death rate dropped to 30. There were almost no dead fish in the downwind of the pond. Ten live crucian carp were randomly selected for autopsy. No cysts were found under the skin, throat or gills of all fish. The gill filaments were examined under a microscope and no spore parasites were found (see Figure 5 ).

[0070] Table 1 Record of the mortality of sick fish during the use of sodium usnic acid powder and the sampling observation before and after the use of the drug

[0071]

[0072] Sporocarp disease is a very difficult to cure disease of crucian carp. Currently, there is no targeted treatment drug. When encountering such a disease, most fish pond owners may abandon all the fish in the pond, and relevant pest control treatment is required to restart the fish pond, which can easily cause a large amount of losses. The use of the sodium usnic acid powder of the present invention can effectively treat crucian carp sporocarp disease by taking a large dose orally combined with external spraying, and the clinical efficacy is good.

[0073] Test Example 5: Effect of Usnicotinic Acid Sodium Powder (Example 4) on Ichthyophthirius cyprinidae (Ciliates) in Carp

[0074] There are 10 mu of water in the carp breeding pond in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, with a stock of 3,000 carp per mu. In mid-September, the carp started to eat poorly and the group collapsed, with more than 20 fish dying every day. White spots were obviously observed on the dead or dying fish, and it was suspected that they were infested with Ichthyophthirius multifilamentus. Five carps were randomly picked up, and a small amount of gill filaments and tail fins were cut off from each of them. Pressed slices were made and placed under a microscope (10×10 times) for observation, and it was found that a large number of Ichthyophthirius multifilamentus was parasitic on the gills of the carp. After counting, the average number of Ichthyophthirius multifilamentus was 18-20 per field of view.

[0075] Treatment method: Dissolve and dilute the sodium usnicate powder of Example 4 with an appropriate amount of water, and then spray it throughout the pond at a dosage of 200 g / mu of water, once a day. After 5 consecutive uses, 5 carps were randomly selected and the number of Ichthyophthirius carp parasites was observed using the same method. At the same time, the behavioral characteristics and feeding conditions of the carp after medication were observed, and the mortality was recorded to evaluate the therapeutic effect of sodium usnicate powder on Ichthyophthirius carp disease.

[0076] Results: On the third day of use, the number of carp deaths was reduced from more than 20 per day before medication to 3 per day. After 5 days of use, carp no longer died. After 5 days of use, feeding was significantly improved, and there was no more group explosion. Sample observation showed that the white spot symptoms on the carp body disappeared. Microscopic examination of the gills of carp showed that the number of Ichthyophthirius spp. parasitic on the gill filaments was reduced from 18-20 per field of view to 0-1 per field of view on average, indicating that Example 4 Usnic acid sodium powder can have a good therapeutic effect on Ichthyophthirius spp. disease in carp by spraying the whole pond.

[0077] Test Example 6, Example 3 Usnic acid powder (Example 3) on the effect of yellow catfish tricholoma (ciliate)

[0078] The yellow catfish breeding ponds in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, cover a total area of ​​8 mu of water, with a stock of 2,500 per mu. In late May, yellow catfish began to die, with more than 50 fish dying every day. Sample observation revealed that the sick fish had increased mucus and ulcers on their body and gills, and their bodies were emaciated, their appetite decreased, and their swimming was slow. They often swam in the leeward side of the pond. Ten yellow catfish were randomly picked up, and a small amount of gill filaments were cut from each of them. The pressed slices were made and placed under a microscope (10×10 times) for observation, and it was found that a large number of oblique tube worms were parasitic on the gills of the yellow catfish. After counting, the number of oblique tube worms was greater than 20 per field of view on average.

[0079] Treatment method: After dissolving and diluting the usnea acid powder of Example 3 with an appropriate amount of water, the whole pond was sprayed with a dosage of 100 g / mu of water, once a day. After 5 consecutive uses, 10 yellow catfish were randomly selected and the number of parasitic tubeworms in yellow catfish was observed using the same method. At the same time, the behavioral characteristics and feeding conditions of the yellow catfish after medication were observed, and the mortality was recorded to evaluate the therapeutic effect of usnea acid powder on yellow catfish tubeworm disease.

[0080] Results: On the third day of use, the number of deaths of yellow catfish decreased from more than 50 per day before medication to 20 per day. After 5 days of use, the number of deaths of yellow catfish per day decreased to less than 5. Sample observation showed that the symptoms of increased mucus and gill filament ulceration in yellow catfish were significantly alleviated. Microscopic examination of the gills of yellow catfish showed that the number of parasitic oblique tubeworms on the gill filaments decreased from more than 20 per field of view to 0-2 per field of view on average, indicating that Example 3 Usnic acid powder can have a good therapeutic effect on oblique tubeworm disease in yellow catfish by spraying the whole pond.

[0081] Test Example 7: Effect of Usnea Extract Powder (Example 2) on Cryptocaryon irritans (Ciliates) in Large Yellow Croaker

[0082] The fish rafts of offshore yellow croaker farmed in Ningde, Fujian, were infected with Cryptocaryon irritans. Many small white spots of about 1 mm appeared on the infected parts of the body, gills, fins, etc., the mucus increased, the infected epidermis was punctately congested, the gill filaments became lighter in color, and the diseased fish swam away from the group, reacted slowly, had a reduced appetite, and gradually lost weight until they died. Before medication, an average of more than 10 fish died in each cage every day. Five yellow croakers were randomly picked up, and a small amount of gill filaments were cut or the white spots on the body surface were scraped off. The pressed slices were made and placed under a microscope (10×10 times) for observation. It was found that a large number of Cryptocaryon irritans were parasitic on the gills and body surface of the yellow croaker. After counting, the average number of worms was >40 / field of view.

[0083] Treatment method: After dissolving and diluting the Usnea extract powder of Example 2 with an appropriate amount of water, sprinkle it on the fish school during feeding, 200g each time. At the same time, after mixing the Usnea extract powder with wild fish, it was made into fish paste bait, and fed, with a dosage of 5g / kg fish paste, for 7 consecutive days. After the bait was taken orally and sprinkled on the fish school for 7 days, 5 large yellow croakers were randomly selected, and the parasitic number of Cryptocaryon irritans in large yellow croakers was observed using the same method. At the same time, the behavioral characteristics and feeding conditions of the large yellow croakers after medication were observed, and the mortality was recorded to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the Usnea extract powder on Cryptocaryon irritans in large yellow croakers.

[0084] Results: After 7 days of medication, the death rate of large yellow croaker gradually decreased, from an average of more than 10 deaths per cage per day before medication to 1-2 deaths per day, or even no deaths. The vitality of large yellow croaker was significantly improved, and feeding was significantly improved. The white spot symptoms on the body surface of large yellow croaker disappeared. Microscopic examination of the gills and body mucus of large yellow croaker showed that the number of Ichthyophthirius parasitic on the fish body was reduced from >40 / visual field before medication to 0-3 / visual field, indicating that Example 2 Usnea extract powder can have a good therapeutic effect on large yellow croaker irritant cryptocaryonosis by spraying fish schools and making bait for oral administration.

[0085] Test Example 8: Effect of Usnea Extract Powder (Example 2) on Crustacean Ciliate Disease (Ciliates)

[0086] The water of the factory-farmed white shrimp in Nanpai River, Huanghua, Hebei Province was turbid and sticky. Ten shrimps were randomly selected for dissection and observation, and it was found that the shrimp bodies, appendages, and gills were seriously dirty. The appendages and gill filaments were cut and observed under a microscope. It was found that a large number of polycystic ovary syndromes were attached to the appendages and gill filaments of the shrimps. Because there were too many worms, the shrimps had less food in their intestines and had a lower appetite. After counting, the average number of worms was >30 per field of view.

[0087] Treatment method: After dissolving and diluting the usnea extract powder of Example 2 with an appropriate amount of water, the whole pond was sprayed, the dosage was 2g per cubic water body, and after 2 hours of spraying, half of the water in the whole pond was changed, and it was sprayed once every other day, and a total of 3 times. At the same time, the usnea extract powder was mixed evenly with the shrimp feed to make a bait, and the feed was fed at a dosage of 10g / kg feed, and it was fed twice a day for 5 consecutive days. After the medication was completed, 10 shrimps were randomly selected, and the number of polysaccharides attached to the shrimp appendages and gill filaments was observed using the same method, and the improvement of shrimp feeding after medication was observed.

[0088] Results: After the medication, the shrimp's feeding was significantly improved, the turbidity of the water was significantly reduced, the water quality was fresh, and the dirt attached to the shrimp's appendages and gills disappeared, and the water was restored to cleanliness. Microscopic examination found that the number of polycystic ovary syndrome attached to the shrimp's appendages and gills decreased from an average of >30 / field of view before medication to an average of <2 / field of view, indicating that the Usnea extract powder in Example 2 can have a good therapeutic effect on shrimp ciliate disease by spraying and preparing bait for oral administration.

[0089] Test Example 9: Effect of Usnic Acid Powder (Example 3) on Turbot Ciliate Disease (Ciliates)

[0090] Ciliate disease occurred in the turbot breeding workshop of Mr. Qiu in Laizhou, Yantai, Shandong. The infected turbot had increased mucus on the body surface, gills and other infected parts, and had redness, ulceration and other lesions. The sick fish swam alone and were slow to react. Some sick fish lost balance, had reduced appetite, and had darker body color. About 20 fish died in each pond every day. Five turbots were randomly picked up, and a small amount of gill filaments were cut or mucus from the lesions on the body surface was scraped to make pressed slices. They were placed under a microscope for observation and found that a large number of shield ciliates parasitized the gills and body surface of the turbot. After counting, the average number of insects was >10 / field of view.

[0091] Treatment method: After dissolving and diluting the usnic acid powder of Example 3 with an appropriate amount of water, the powder was sprayed throughout the pond at 5 g per cubic meter of water. At the same time, the usnic acid powder was mixed evenly with the feed to make a bait, which was fed at a dosage of 10 g / kg feed for 7 consecutive days. After the bait was taken orally and sprayed throughout the pond for 7 days, 5 turbots were randomly selected, and the number of turbot shield ciliates parasitized was observed using the same method. At the same time, the behavioral characteristics and feeding conditions of the turbot after medication were observed, and the mortality was recorded to evaluate the therapeutic effect of usnic acid powder on turbot shield ciliates.

[0092] Results: After 7 days of medication, the death rate of turbot gradually decreased, from an average of about 1020 deaths per pond per day before medication to 1-2 deaths per day, or even no deaths. The vitality of turbot was significantly improved, and feeding was significantly improved. Sick fish that swam alone, reacted slowly, and lost balance were basically not seen. Sample observation showed that the mucus on the body surface and gills of turbot decreased, and the lesions gradually began to heal without further deterioration. Microscopic examination of the gills and body mucus of turbot revealed that the number of shield ciliates parasitic on the fish body was reduced from >10 / field of view to 0-1 / field of view on average. Explanation Example 3 Usne acid powder can have a good therapeutic effect on turbot shield ciliate disease by spraying and preparing bait for oral administration.

[0093] The results of many experiments show that the present invention can be made into veterinary drugs, feed additives, functional feeds and other administration methods by utilizing usnea, usnea extract, usnic acid, usnic acid salts and the like, and has significant therapeutic effects in expelling or killing various parasites on the body surface and in the body during the breeding process of aquatic animals, including ciliates (wheelworms, Ichthyophthirius, oblique tube worms, irritating nucleus worms, crustacean ciliates, shield ciliates, etc.), worms (ringworms, tapeworms, etc.), protozoa (spore zoa, etc.), etc., can maintain the health of farmed animals, improve the success rate of breeding, achieve broad-spectrum and efficient prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases of aquatic animals, reduce the use of chemical drugs, have good breeding benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits, are safe, broad-spectrum and efficient, and are conducive to large-scale promotion.

[0094] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. Use of usnea powder, usneic acid or usneic acid sodium in the preparation of a broad-spectrum drug or feed additive or functional feed against parasites or complications caused by parasitic infections in aquatic animals.

2. Use of usnea powder, usneic acid or usneic acid sodium as the sole active ingredient in the preparation of a broad-spectrum drug against aquatic animal parasites or complications caused by parasitic infections, or a drug for complications caused by parasitic infections, or a feed additive or functional feed.

3. The use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The parasite is a parasite that infects fish or crustacean aquatic animals; And / or, the parasites include one or more of ciliates, worms, and protozoa; optionally, ciliates include one or more of wheelworms, Ichthyophthirius, oblique tube worms, irritating nucleus worms, shield ciliates, crustacean ciliates, polyconchocysts, bell-shaped worms, sphaerocysts, and monoconchocysts; optionally, worms include one or more of ringworms, tapeworms, and trichocysts; optionally, protozoa include one or more of sporozoans and trypanocysts.

4. The use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The drug is an oral drug or a medicinal bath preparation; optionally, the drug contains usnic acid and / or usnic acid salt by mass of not less than 0.2%, optionally not less than 1%, optionally not less than 2%; and / or, the feed additive contains no less than 0.002% by mass of usnic acid and / or usnic acid salt; And / or, the functional feed contains no less than 0.0002% by mass of usnic acid and / or usnic acid salt.

5. The use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The usnea powder is usnea crushed material or usnea extract; optionally, the usnea extract is usnea extracted with an organic solvent, and optionally the organic solvent includes one or more of acetone, chloroform, and glacial acetic acid.

6. The use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The dosage form of the drug is any one of powder, powder, granule, solution, paste, pour-on, and injection; And / or, the medicine further contains pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

7. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Aquatic animals include fish and / or crustaceans; optionally, aquatic animals include one or more of grass carp, carp, crucian carp, sea bass, yellow catfish, catfish, large yellow croaker, turbot, golden pomfret, tilapia, whiteleg shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, giant tiger prawn, Japanese giant prawn, Chinese shrimp, Chinese mitten crab, and blue crab.

8. A broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug for aquatic animals, characterized in that: It contains usnea crushed material, and / or usnea extract, and / or usne acid, and / or usne salt, and the active ingredients include usne acid and usne salt, wherein the mass of usne acid and / or usne salt is not less than 0.2%, optionally not less than 1%, optionally not less than 2%; Optionally, the parasites include one or more of ciliates, worms, and protozoa; optionally, ciliates include one or more of wheelworms, Ichthyophthirius, cyclopoidea, irritating nucleus, shield ciliates, aggregate worms, bell-shaped worms, sphaerozoa, and monocysts; optionally, worms include one or more of ringworms, tapeworms, and trichodina; optionally, protozoa include one or more of sporozoans and trypanozoans.

9. A broad-spectrum anti-parasite feed additive for aquatic animals, characterized in that: It contains usnea crushed material, and / or usnea extract, and / or usne acid, and / or usne salt, and the active ingredients include usne acid and usne salt, wherein the mass of usne acid and / or usne salt is not less than 0.002%, optionally not less than 0.02%, optionally not less than 0.2%, Optionally, the parasites include one or more of ciliates, worms, and protozoa; optionally, ciliates include one or more of wheelworms, Ichthyophthirius, cyclopoidea, irritating nucleus, shield ciliates, aggregate worms, bell-shaped worms, sphaerozoa, and monocysts; optionally, worms include one or more of ringworms, tapeworms, and trichodina; optionally, protozoa include one or more of sporozoans and trypanozoans.

10. A functional feed with broad-spectrum resistance to aquatic animal parasites, characterized in that: It contains usnea crushed material, and / or usnea extract, and / or usneic acid, and / or usneic acid salt, and the active ingredients include usneic acid and usneic acid salt, wherein the mass of usneic acid and / or usneic acid salt is not less than 0.0002%, optionally not less than 0.002%, optionally not less than 0.02%, Optionally, the parasites include one or more of ciliates, worms, and protozoa; optionally, ciliates include one or more of wheelworms, Ichthyophthirius, cyclopoidea, irritating nucleus, shield ciliates, aggregate worms, bell-shaped worms, sphaerozoa, and monocysts; optionally, worms include one or more of ringworms, tapeworms, and trichodina; optionally, protozoa include one or more of sporozoans and trypanozoans.

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