Application of exogenous hydrolase-charcoal composite preparation in septic tank fecal sewage hydrolysis and fermentation and equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses application and equipment of an exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation in digestion and fermentation of fecal sewage of a septic tank. The invention relates to rapid manure decomposition equipment for a rural septic tank. The rapid manure decomposition equipment comprises a pretreatment module, an aerobic fermentation system, a collection tank, a biological deodorization system, a solar auxiliary heating module and an intelligent monitoring module, a master controller of the intelligent monitoring system predicts the quality index of the organic fertilizer processed by the aerobic fermentation system according to the system parameter data of the aerobic fermentation system monitored in real time; and then adjusting key operation working conditions of the aerobic fermentation system according to the predicted value of the quality index of the organic fertilizer treated by the aerobic fermentation system. According to the method, the exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation is added into the septic tank, so that rapid decomposition and stabilization of the feces are realized, and the pollution load on the ecological environment is reduced; on-line self-adaptive intelligent control over the operation condition in the feces treatment and recycling process is achieved through the artificial intelligence Internet of Things technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and resource utilization, and specifically relates to an application of an exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation in the hydrolysis and fermentation of feces and sewage in a septic tank and equipment. Background Art

[0002] Septic tanks are facilities that pre-treat feces through anaerobic hydrolysis and fermentation, and are the main unit for rural toilet reform. However, the hydrolysis and fermentation process of feces is slow, the residence time of the harmless process is long, and the volume requirement of the septic tank is large, resulting in the current rural toilet feces and sewage being difficult to meet the requirements of harmless treatment and safe and clean storage. Therefore, under the original capacity of the septic tank, it is of great significance to increase the hydrolysis and fermentation rate of feces and sewage, reduce the overflow of full feces, and reduce the cost of transportation, which is of great significance for the reduction and harmless treatment of feces and sewage. In addition, there are few centralized feces and sewage treatment facilities in rural areas, and they are usually reused after natural fermentation in septic tanks, with low degree of composting and fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, the development of centralized feces and sewage treatment technologies and equipment for septic tanks suitable for rural areas is also of great significance to improving the resource utilization rate of feces and sewage. Summary of the invention

[0003] The first purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art and provide an application of an exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation in the hydrolysis and fermentation of feces and sewage in septic tanks, thereby increasing the hydrolysis and fermentation rate, achieving rapid decomposition and stabilization of feces and sewage, and reducing the pollution load on the ecological environment.

[0004] The exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation is prepared by compounding exogenous hydrolase with biochar.

[0005] Preferably, the exogenous hydrolase comprises protease, lipase, amylase and cellulase.

[0006] Preferably, the mass ratio of the protease, lipase, amylase, cellulase and biochar is (0.3-3): (0.2-1): (0.5-3): (0.5-4): (89-98).

[0007] Preferably, the exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation is used once a week, and the addition method is to flush it directly into the feces inlet from the toilet. The addition amount is determined according to the number of people served by the septic tank, and more preferably 3 to 10 grams per person per week.

[0008] The second object of the present invention is to provide a rural septic tank sewage rapid decomposition equipment, including a pre-treatment module, an aerobic fermentation system, a collection tank, a biological deodorization system, a solar energy auxiliary heating module, and an intelligent monitoring module.

[0009] The pre-treatment module dehydrates the septic tank sewage, and then sends the filtrate to a collection tank. The filter residue is mixed with the aforementioned exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation and then sent to an aerobic fermentation system.

[0010] The aerobic fermentation system performs aerobic fermentation treatment on a mixture of filter residue and exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation to obtain decomposed manure and generate malodorous gas.

[0011] The solar auxiliary heating module is responsible for auxiliary heating of the reactor of the aerobic fermentation system; at the same time, it also performs solar drying on the decomposed manure after being treated by the aerobic fermentation system.

[0012] The biological deodorization system is responsible for biologically deodorizing the malodorous gas after being treated by the aerobic fermentation system, and the gas is discharged after reaching the emission standard; ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the malodorous gas are converted into nitrate and sulfate in the liquid phase, and the treated filtrate is sent to the collection pool.

[0013] The collection pool is responsible for discharging the collected filtrate into the combined flow artificial wetland for deep denitrification and phosphorus removal.

[0014] The intelligent monitoring system includes a sensor component, a main controller, and a communication module.

[0015] The sensor assembly includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen concentration sensor, an oxygen partial pressure sensor, a water content sensor, and a pH sensor for monitoring the aerobic fermentation system, and a pollutant sensor for monitoring the biological deodorization system; the pollutants include ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.

[0016] The main controller predicts the quality index of organic fertilizer after being processed by the aerobic fermentation system through real-time monitoring of system parameter data of the aerobic fermentation system; and then adjusts the key operating conditions of the aerobic fermentation system according to the predicted value of the quality index of organic fertilizer after being processed by the aerobic fermentation system.

[0017] The communication module is responsible for the communication between the sensor assembly and the main controller, and the communication between the main controller and the internal control aerator and blower working equipment of the aerobic fermentation system of the solar energy auxiliary heating module.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention achieves rapid decomposition and stabilization of manure and sewage by adding an exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation into a septic tank, thereby reducing the pollution load on the ecological environment; and realizes online adaptive intelligent control of operating conditions during manure and sewage treatment and resource utilization through artificial intelligence Internet of Things technology.

[0019] After the hydrolase-biochar composite preparation is used for source reduction treatment, the net solid content in the septic tank is reduced by more than 30% within the designed retention time; under the existing tank capacity, the effective retention time of the solids is ≥60 d, and the composting effect is good; the fermentation time of the aerobic fermentation centralized treatment intelligent integrated equipment is ≤4 d, the unit energy consumption is ≤25 kW·h / t, and the operating condition is 24 h online adaptive intelligent control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method of adding the exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation of the present invention into a septic tank.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the hydrolysis and fermentation mechanism of feces and sewage under the action of the exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a principle flow chart of the device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the PCA-BP multi-level neural network topology structure.

[0025] Figure 5 It is an online adaptive control of aerobic fermentation based on the prediction / determination of maturity degree. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0027] The embodiment of the present invention provides a rural septic tank sewage rapid decomposition equipment, such as Figure 3 It includes pre-treatment module, aerobic fermentation system, collection tank, biological deodorization system, solar auxiliary heating module and intelligent monitoring module.

[0028] The pre-treatment module dehydrates the septic tank waste, then sends the filtrate to a collection tank, and mixes the filter residue with the aforementioned exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation and sends it to an aerobic fermentation system; Figure 1 The fermentation tank, maturation tank and storage tank constitute a septic tank, and the feces in the septic tank are obtained by regular cleaning of the fermentation tank, maturation tank and storage tank.

[0029] The aerobic fermentation system aerobic ferments the mixture of the filter residue and the exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation to obtain decomposed manure and generate foul-smelling gas; Figure 2 This is a diagram of the hydrolysis and fermentation mechanism of feces and sewage under the action of the exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation of the present invention.

[0030] The exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation is prepared by compounding exogenous hydrolase with biochar; the exogenous hydrolase includes protease, lipase, amylase, cellulase, and its dosage form is capsule or tablet. The biochar is ordinary commercially available biochar, agricultural and forestry waste biomass charcoal, plant ash, etc.

[0031] The mass ratio of the protease, lipase, amylase, cellulase and biochar is (0.3-3): (0.2-1): (0.5-3): (0.5-4): (89-98).

[0032] The exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation is used once a week, and the addition method is to flush it directly into the feces inlet from the toilet. The addition amount is determined according to the number of people served by the septic tank, and preferably 3 to 10 grams per person per week.

[0033] The aerobic fermentation system comprises a closed shell, a blower, and an aerator; the closed shell is provided with at least a feed port, a discharge port, and an observation port that can be opened and closed; the blower and the aerator are distributed in the closed shell; The solar auxiliary heating module is responsible for auxiliary heating of the reactor of the aerobic fermentation system, increasing or maintaining the fermentation temperature, and shortening the fermentation time; at the same time, the mature manure treated by the aerobic fermentation system is dried by solar energy, screened and bagged, and used in farmland, realizing green and low-carbon treatment; The biological deodorization system is responsible for biological deodorization of the malodorous gas after being treated by the aerobic fermentation system and sent by the induced draft fan, and the gas is discharged after meeting the emission standards; ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the malodorous gas are converted into nitrate and sulfate in the liquid phase, and the treated filtrate is sent to the collection pool; The collection pool is responsible for discharging the collected filtrate into the combined flow (horizontal flow-vertical flow) artificial wetland for deep denitrification and phosphorus removal.

[0034] The intelligent monitoring system includes a sensor component, a main controller, and a communication module; The communication module uses a low-power IoT card module for data transmission, and is more preferably a smart gateway; The sensor assembly includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen concentration sensor, an oxygen partial pressure sensor, a moisture content sensor, and a pH sensor for monitoring the aerobic fermentation system, and a pollutant sensor for monitoring the biological deodorization system; the pollutants include ammonia and hydrogen sulfide; The main controller predicts the quality index of the organic fertilizer after the aerobic fermentation system is processed by the aerobic fermentation system through the system parameter data of the aerobic fermentation system monitored in real time; and then adjusts the key operating conditions of the aerobic fermentation system according to the predicted value of the quality index of the organic fertilizer after the aerobic fermentation system is processed; The system parameter data of the aerobic fermentation system include operating temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, oxygen partial pressure, water content, pH, and fermentation time; The quality index of the organic fertilizer after the aerobic fermentation system treatment includes the compost maturity degree (expressed as C / N), organic matter content, and total nutrient content corresponding to the mature manure after the aerobic fermentation system treatment; The key operating conditions of the aerobic fermentation system include the auxiliary heating temperature of the solar auxiliary heating module for the aerobic fermentation system, and the wind pressure and oxygen supply rate of the aerator inside the aerobic fermentation system; Real-time monitoring of the system parameters and operating conditions of the aerobic fermentation system, and prediction and optimization to obtain the optimal results of the system parameter data of the aerobic fermentation system, such as Figure 5 Specifically: Step S1: collecting the operating temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, oxygen partial pressure, water content and pH of the aerobic fermentation system through the temperature sensor, humidity sensor, oxygen concentration sensor, oxygen partial pressure sensor, water content sensor and pH sensor responsible for monitoring the aerobic fermentation system; then constructing the time series data X of the aerobic fermentation system with the operating temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, oxygen partial pressure, water content, pH and fermentation time of the aerobic fermentation system, and collecting the quality index of the organic fertilizer after being processed by the aerobic fermentation system; The time series data X of the aerobic fermentation system is {x1, x2, ..., xn}, where n represents the time; and x1 = {operating temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, oxygen partial pressure, water content, pH, fermentation time}.

[0035] Step S2: constructing a data set from the time series data X of the aerobic fermentation system, and using the corresponding organic fertilizer quality index as a marker; Step S3: Build Figure 4 Multi-level neural network model and training using datasets; The multi-level neural network model includes a principal component analysis (PCA)-BP neural network model; The working process of the principal component analysis (PCA)-BP neural network model is: Firstly, the input time series data X of the aerobic fermentation system is standardized by Z-Score, and then PCA dimension reduction is performed using the covariance matrix. The dimension of the input data is reduced by the correlation between the variables, the redundant information is removed, and the calculation amount of the model is reduced to obtain the time series data of the key system parameters. Then, the genetic algorithm (GA) or particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is used to optimize the initial weights of the BP neural network, and the optimized optimal solution is used as the new weight of the BP neural network. Then, the optimized BP neural network is used to establish a prediction model for the time series data of the key system parameters after PCA dimension reduction to obtain the predicted values ​​of the organic fertilizer quality indicators.

[0036] The BP neural network model uses grey correlation analysis to determine and predict the quality index (y) of organic fertilizer after being treated by the aerobic fermentation system; the model uses logsig function as the hidden layer transfer function, purelin function as the output layer transfer function, and traingdx function as the training function; the number of input layer nodes (n1) after dimensionality reduction is determined by the BP neural network method, and the number of hidden layer neurons (k2) is formed into a neural network with a topological structure of n-n1-k2-3; the topological structure is shown in Figure 4 .

[0037] Step S4: inputting the system parameter data of the aerobic fermentation system collected in real time into the trained multi-level neural network model to predict the corresponding organic fertilizer quality index.

[0038] Step S5: Taking the predicted quality index of the organic fertilizer as a target, reversely optimize the key process conditions of the aerobic fermentation system.

[0039] Example 1 In a rural area, rural households were provided with exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite tablets, in which the mass ratio of protease: lipase: amylase: cellulase: biochar was 1%: 1%: 1%: 4%: 93%. During use, it was added once a week and directly entered the decentralized three-chamber septic tank through the toilet sewer. Through regular monitoring for nearly a year, it was found that compared with the previous non-addition of exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparations, the full capacity time of the septic tank was reduced by about 40%, and the effective retention time of solids reached 120 days.

[0040] In the rural centralized manure treatment center, the aerobic fermentation integrated equipment based on artificial intelligence Internet of Things described in the present invention is used for manure stabilization treatment (sequential batch treatment). The aerobic fermentation system is equipped with temperature sensors, humidity sensors, oxygen concentration sensors, oxygen partial pressure sensors, moisture content sensors, pH sensors, aerators, variable frequency high-pressure blowers, agitators, induced draft fans, fermentation tanks, PLC programmable controllers, etc. The intelligent monitoring system predicts the quality index of organic fertilizer through the principal component analysis (PCA)-BP neural network model, takes the predicted organic fertilizer quality index as the target, and reversely optimizes the key process conditions of the aerobic fermentation system. After model prediction and optimization, the key parameters of manure fermentation are: single batch fermentation residence time is 3.6 d, fermentation temperature is 78℃, unit mass product (manure organic fertilizer) energy consumption is 19 kW·h / t, and the operating condition is 24 h online adaptive intelligent control.

[0041] Example 2 In a rural area, a rural family was provided with exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite tablets, in which the mass ratio of protease: lipase: amylase: cellulase: biochar was 2%: 0.5%: 1.5%: 2%: 94%. During use, it was added once a week and directly entered the decentralized three-chamber septic tank through the toilet sewer. Through regular monitoring for nearly a year, it was found that compared with the previous non-addition of exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparations, the full capacity time of the septic tank was reduced by about 45%, and the effective retention time of solids reached 150 days.

[0042] In the rural centralized manure treatment center, the aerobic fermentation integrated equipment based on artificial intelligence Internet of Things described in the present invention is used for manure stabilization treatment (sequential batch treatment). The aerobic fermentation system is equipped with temperature sensors, humidity sensors, oxygen concentration sensors, oxygen partial pressure sensors, moisture content sensors, pH sensors, aerators, variable frequency high-pressure blowers, agitators, induced draft fans, fermentation tanks, and PLC programmable controllers. The intelligent monitoring system predicts the quality index of organic fertilizer through the principal component analysis (PCA)-BP neural network model, takes the predicted organic fertilizer quality index as the target, and reversely optimizes the key process conditions of the aerobic fermentation system. After model prediction and optimization, the key parameters of manure fermentation are: single batch fermentation residence time is 3.8 d, fermentation temperature is 85℃, unit mass product (manure organic fertilizer) energy consumption is 22 kW·h / t, and the operating condition is 24 h online adaptive intelligent control.

[0043] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation in septic tank sewage hydrolysis and fermentation, characterized in that The exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation is prepared by compounding exogenous hydrolase with biochar; the exogenous hydrolase includes protease, lipase, amylase and cellulase.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the protease, lipase, amylase, cellulase and biochar is (0.3-3): (0.2-1): (0.5-3): (0.5-4): (89-98).

3. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation is used once a week, and is added by directly flushing it into the feces inlet from the toilet.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: The amount of the exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation added each time is 3 to 10 grams per person.

5. A rapid decomposition equipment for rural septic tank waste, characterized in that It includes pre-treatment module, aerobic fermentation system, collection tank, biological deodorization system, solar auxiliary heating module and intelligent monitoring module; The pre-treatment module dehydrates the septic tank waste, then sends the filtrate to a collection tank, and mixes the filter residue with the aforementioned exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation and sends it to an aerobic fermentation system; The aerobic fermentation system aerobic ferments the mixture of the filter residue and the exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation to obtain decomposed manure and generate foul-smelling gas; the exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation is prepared by compounding exogenous hydrolase and biochar; the exogenous hydrolase includes protease, lipase, amylase, and cellulase; The solar auxiliary heating module is responsible for auxiliary heating of the reactor of the aerobic fermentation system; at the same time, it also performs solar drying on the decomposed manure after being treated by the aerobic fermentation system; The biological deodorization system is responsible for biologically deodorizing the malodorous gas after the aerobic fermentation system is treated, and the gas is discharged after meeting the emission standards; ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the malodorous gas are converted into nitrate and sulfate in the liquid phase, and the treated filtrate is sent to the collection pool; The collection tank is responsible for discharging the collected filtrate into the combined flow artificial wetland for deep nitrogen and phosphorus removal; The intelligent monitoring system includes a sensor component, a main controller, and a communication module; The sensor assembly includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen concentration sensor, an oxygen partial pressure sensor, a moisture content sensor, and a pH sensor for monitoring the aerobic fermentation system, and a pollutant sensor for monitoring the biological deodorization system; the pollutants include ammonia and hydrogen sulfide; The main controller predicts the quality index of the organic fertilizer after the aerobic fermentation system is processed by the aerobic fermentation system through the system parameter data of the aerobic fermentation system monitored in real time; and then adjusts the key operating conditions of the aerobic fermentation system according to the predicted value of the quality index of the organic fertilizer after the aerobic fermentation system is processed; The system parameter data of the aerobic fermentation system include operating temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, oxygen partial pressure, water content, pH, and fermentation time; The quality index of the organic fertilizer after the aerobic fermentation system treatment includes the compost maturity degree, organic matter content and total nutrient content corresponding to the mature manure after the aerobic fermentation system treatment; The key operating conditions of the aerobic fermentation system include the auxiliary heating temperature of the aerobic fermentation system by the solar auxiliary heating module, and the wind pressure and oxygen supply rate of the aerator inside the aerobic fermentation system.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Real-time monitoring of the system parameters and operating conditions of the aerobic fermentation system, and prediction and optimization to obtain the optimal results of the system parameter data of the aerobic fermentation system, specifically: Step S1: collecting the operating temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, oxygen partial pressure, moisture content and pH of the aerobic fermentation system through the temperature sensor, humidity sensor, oxygen concentration sensor, oxygen partial pressure sensor, moisture content sensor and pH sensor responsible for monitoring the aerobic fermentation system; then constructing the time series data X of the aerobic fermentation system based on the operating temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, oxygen partial pressure, moisture content, pH and fermentation time of the aerobic fermentation system, and collecting the quality index of the organic fertilizer after being processed by the aerobic fermentation system; Step S2: constructing a data set from the time series data X of the aerobic fermentation system, and using the corresponding organic fertilizer quality index as a marker; Step S3: building a multi-level neural network model and training it using a data set; the multi-level neural network model includes a principal component analysis (PCA)-BP neural network model; Step S4: inputting the system parameter data of the aerobic fermentation system collected in real time into the trained multi-level neural network model to predict the corresponding organic fertilizer quality index; Step S5: Taking the predicted quality index of the organic fertilizer as a target, reversely optimize the key process conditions of the aerobic fermentation system.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The time series data X of the aerobic fermentation system is {x1, x2, ..., xn}, where n represents the time; and x1 = {operating temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, oxygen partial pressure, water content, pH, fermentation time}.

8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The working process of the principal component analysis (PCA)-BP neural network model is: Firstly, the input time series data X of the aerobic fermentation system is standardized by Z-Score, and then PCA dimension reduction is performed using the covariance matrix. The dimension of the input data is reduced by the correlation between the variables, the redundant information is removed, and the calculation amount of the model is reduced to obtain the time series data of the key system parameters. Then, the genetic algorithm (GA) or particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is used to optimize the initial weights of the BP neural network, and the optimized optimal solution is used as the new weight of the BP neural network. Then, the optimized BP neural network is used to establish a prediction model for the time series data of the key system parameters after PCA dimension reduction to obtain the predicted values ​​of the organic fertilizer quality indicators.

9. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of protease, lipase, amylase, cellulase and biochar in the exogenous hydrolase-biochar composite preparation is (0.3-3): (0.2-1): (0.5-3): (0.5-4): (89-98).

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