Earthwork visual construction method based on BIM, unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and three-dimensional laser scanning

Abstract

The invention provides an earthwork visual construction method based on BIM, unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and three-dimensional laser scanning, and relates to the field of complex terrain and ultra-large and ultra-deep scale earthwork engineering. The method comprises the following steps: generating a theoretical BIM model according to a design drawing; original terrain image data are collected through aerial survey of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the original terrain image data are fused on the basis of the theoretical BIM model, and a terrain BIM model is generated; the terrain BIM model is analyzed, construction information is output, and field construction is guided; collecting field construction process data and executing construction deviation analysis; and a three-dimensional laser scanner is used for measuring the foundation pit, and a completion drawing is drawn after acceptance. Visual management of earth-rock construction is achieved, the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and three-dimensional laser scanning technology is utilized, strong association between the construction site and the BIM model is established, double circulation of virtual data and construction site data is achieved, and therefore deployment and planning of the construction site are continuously optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of complex terrain and ultra-large and ultra-deep earthwork engineering, and in particular to an earthwork visualization construction method based on BIM, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial survey and three-dimensional laser scanning. Background Art

[0002] For some super-large earthwork projects located in remote areas, built on mountains with complex terrain, the foundation pit blasting and slope graded excavation in mountainous locations are affected by the terrain slope, and the difficulty of blasting and excavation increases exponentially. The earthwork excavation volume of ultra-deep foundation pits reaches millions of cubic meters. Compared with conventional foundation pits, the engineering volume has increased exponentially, and the difficulty of comprehensive consideration of the loading area and loading height has also increased accordingly.

[0003] The traditional earthwork measurement and control method collects a small amount of data, requires a high level of manpower, has low efficiency and low accuracy. The traditional earthwork volume calculation method has a cumbersome calculation procedure and a long calculation cycle, and therefore can no longer meet the needs of such super-large engineering production. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In view of the above situation mentioned in the background technology, a combination of drone aerial survey and 3D laser scanning is used to digitally process the construction plan, construction organization design, construction drawings and other document information and the information of the construction site terrain to form a BIM visualization model and animation. During the construction process, drone aerial survey and 3D laser scanning technology are used to establish a strong association between the construction site and the BIM model, achieving a double cycle of virtual data and construction site data, thereby continuously optimizing and adjusting the BIM visualization model and animation, and continuously optimizing the deployment of the construction site. This solves the problems of small amount of collected data, low efficiency, and low accuracy in the existing technology.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for visualized construction of earthwork based on BIM, drone aerial survey and three-dimensional laser scanning, comprising the following steps: Generate theoretical BIM models based on design drawings; The original terrain image data is collected by drone aerial survey, and the original terrain image data is integrated on the basis of the theoretical BIM model to generate a terrain BIM model; Analyze the terrain BIM model, output construction information, and guide on-site construction; Collect on-site construction process data and perform construction deviation analysis: If the construction deviation exceeds the preset range, the construction deviation will be compensated to the construction information for adjustment to guide the next construction, until the construction deviation is within the preset range and the completion drawings are drawn after acceptance.

[0006] In a further embodiment, generating a theoretical BIM model according to the design drawings specifically includes: Use AUTOCAD drawing software to draw the design drawings 1:1, convert the design drawings from scalar drawings to vector files, and import them into SketchUp software to generate a theoretical BIM model.

[0007] In a further embodiment, the theoretical BIM model includes two models: Model 1 is a model established according to the design parameters of the drawing; Model 2 is a model established according to the design parameters of the drawing + the allowable over-excavation size specified in the design drawing; Create construction animation based on the construction animation script of the theoretical BIM model.

[0008] In a further embodiment, the collecting of original terrain image data by drone aerial survey and the fusion of the original terrain image data on the basis of the theoretical BIM model to generate a terrain BIM model specifically include: Collecting drone field data: First, set the flight route according to the aerial survey area and the requirements for aerial survey results, set the flight altitude and safety altitude of the aerial survey equipment according to the aerial survey site conditions, set the flight path and parameters of the planned route, and arrange image control points around and inside the aerial survey area. After the drone equipment status is checked, use the onboard camera to collect terrain image data for the overall construction area of ​​the earthwork project and each construction sub-item area; Processing of internal data: Import the aerial survey image data into the data processing software for aerial triangulation calculation to obtain the plane coordinates and elevation of the points to be determined. After the calculation is completed, import the image control point file in TXT format. Select any coordinate system and puncture the points according to the positions of the image control points. At least 5 image control points should be punctured. After the puncture is completed, the aerial triangulation calculation results can be optimized. After the optimization is completed, check the aerial triangulation quality report. The error should not exceed 5cm. After passing the test, output the two-dimensional image and three-dimensional model results, and use the three-dimensional model to establish a terrain BIM model.

[0009] In a further embodiment, the analyzing the terrain BIM model, outputting construction information, and guiding on-site construction specifically include: Animated videos are output from the terrain BIM model for construction simulation and briefing to construction personnel, or information such as the position of construction machinery and equipment, blasting construction area, blasting hole network parameters, transport vehicle routes, and safety facility layout are output in the form of pictures and coordinate parameter files to guide on-site construction.

[0010] In a further embodiment, the on-site construction process data includes over-excavation and under-excavation point data and other data.

[0011] The collecting of on-site construction process data and performing construction deviation analysis specifically includes: When analyzing the quality of the foundation pit slope and the bottom plate, a three-dimensional laser scanner is used to collect data such as elevation points. The collected data is processed using Trimble RealWorks, and the model 1 and the model 2 are respectively imported into Trimble RealWorks to determine and collect under-excavation points and over-excavation points, and to perform under-excavation and over-excavation quality deviation analysis; Other data such as blasting stratification, earthwork volume and progress are collected using drone aerial survey methods to analyze whether there are deviations in the previous blasting stratification planning and construction progress. If there are deviations, adjustments will be made to guide the next on-site construction.

[0012] In a further embodiment, the data collection using a three-dimensional laser scanner specifically includes: Collect 3D laser scanning field data: Perform detailed 3D point cloud scanning on construction sub-item areas such as foundation pit slopes and bottom plates of earthwork projects to obtain point cloud data; Processing of office data: After importing the point cloud data into Trimble RealWorks software, the point cloud data scanned at each site are matched and spliced. The error during splicing is controlled within the predetermined value. After the splicing is completed, the point cloud data is located, and the located point cloud data is further classified and the noise data is removed. After the noise data is removed, the data is thinned, and the 3D model is established using the thinned data. The BIM model is established based on the 3D model.

[0013] In a further embodiment, the acceptance is to use three-dimensional laser scanning again to perform foundation pit acceptance measurement and draw completion drawings after the construction deviation is dealt with.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention is aimed at ultra-large-scale and ultra-deep earthwork and excavation projects, combines BIM technology with drone aerial survey and three-dimensional laser scanning technology, digitizes design drawings, construction plans and other documentary information and construction site terrain information, forms BIM visualization models and animations, and realizes the visualization of construction deduction and construction progress. By outputting relevant construction information parameters from the BIM model in the form of pictures or coordinate parameter files, on-site briefing and guidance of on-site construction operations can be carried out, and a strong association between the construction site and the BIM model can be established. Further, during the construction process, the collected data is processed and imported into the BIM model to analyze whether there is a deviation in the progress of the last blasting and excavation construction and make timely adjustments, so as to achieve a double cycle of virtual data and construction site data, thereby continuously optimizing and adjusting the BIM visualization model and animation, and continuously optimizing the deployment of the construction site. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a BIM model diagram generated by the design file of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 The present invention compares the three-dimensional scanning data with the theoretical BIM model to analyze the over-excavation and under-excavation diagram of the foundation pit.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional model diagram of on-site point cloud data of the three-dimensional laser scanner of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 This is the BIM model diagram for acceptance of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In the following description, a large number of specific details are provided to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented without one or more of these details. In other examples, in order to avoid confusion with the present invention, some technical features well known in the art are not described. Example 1

[0021] This embodiment discloses a method for visualizing earthwork construction, which is completed by using BIM+UAV aerial survey+3D laser scanning. Specifically, the method includes the following steps: A. Generate BIM model according to design drawings; specifically, first use AUTOCAD drawing software to draw the design drawings 1:1, then convert the design files from scalar drawings to vector files, and import them into SketchUp software to generate BIM models. In this process, two models should be established, one is the model established according to the design parameters of the drawings (model 1), and the other is the model established according to the design parameters of the drawings + the allowable over-excavation size specified in the design drawings (model 2), and the construction animation is produced according to the construction animation script of the BIM model.

[0022] B. Use UAV aerial survey technology to collect original terrain image data and establish a terrain BIM model; specifically, the implementation steps of UAV aerial survey are divided into two parts: UAV field data collection and indoor data processing.

[0023] a. UAV field data collection: First, set the flight route according to the aerial survey area and the requirements of the aerial survey results, set the flight altitude and safety altitude of the aerial survey equipment according to the aerial survey site conditions, set the flight path and parameters according to the planned route, and arrange image control points around and inside the aerial survey area. After the drone equipment status is checked, use the onboard camera to collect terrain image data for the overall construction area of ​​the earthwork project and each construction sub-item area; b. In-house data processing: Import the aerial survey image data into the data processing software for aerial triangulation calculation to obtain the plane coordinates and elevation of the points to be determined. After the calculation is completed, import the image control point file in TXT format. Select any coordinate system and puncture the points according to the positions of the image control points. At least 5 image control points should be punctured. After the puncture is completed, the aerial triangulation calculation results can be optimized. After the optimization is completed, check the aerial triangulation quality report. The error should not exceed 5cm. After passing the test, output the two-dimensional image and three-dimensional model results, and use the three-dimensional model to establish a terrain BIM model.

[0024] C. Output construction information and guide on-site construction; this process refers to the output of animated videos from the BIM model for construction simulation and briefing to construction personnel, or the output of information such as the position of construction machinery and equipment, blasting construction area, blasting hole network parameters, transport vehicle routes, safety facility layout, etc. in the form of pictures and coordinate parameter files to guide on-site construction.

[0025] D. Data collection and processing during construction: Data that require quality analysis, such as over-excavation points and under-excavation points, are collected using a 3D laser scanner. Other data, such as blasting stratification, earthwork volume, and progress, are collected using drone aerial survey methods. After collection and processing, construction deviation analysis is performed. The implementation steps of 3D laser scanning in this process are as follows: a. 3D laser scanning field data collection: 3D point cloud scanning is performed on the construction sub-item areas such as the foundation pit slope and bottom plate of the earthwork project to obtain point cloud data; b. In-house data processing: After importing the point cloud data into the Trimble RealWorks software, the point cloud data scanned at each site are matched and spliced. The error during splicing is controlled within 5mm. After the splicing is completed, the point cloud data is positioned, and the positioned point cloud data is further classified and noise data is removed. After the noise data is removed, data thinning is performed. The thinning accuracy is generally 0.1m~1m. After thinning, the data can be used to build a three-dimensional model, and a BIM model is established based on the three-dimensional model.

[0026] In this process, the specific implementation steps of construction process data collection and processing are as follows: When analyzing the slope and bottom plate quality, a 3D laser scanner was used to collect detailed data. The collected data was processed using Trimble RealWorks, and the BIM models 1 and 2 produced in SketchUp were imported into Trimble RealWorks to determine and collect under-excavation and over-excavation points. Other construction process data were collected using drone aerial survey methods to analyze whether there were any deviations in the progress of the last blasting and excavation construction. If there were any deviations, adjustments would be made to guide the next on-site construction.

[0027] E. Acceptance: After the construction deviations such as over-excavation and under-excavation are dealt with, 3D laser scanning is used again to conduct acceptance measurement of the foundation pit and draw the completion drawings. Example 2

[0028] This embodiment takes a super-large-scale and super-deep earthwork negative excavation project as an example, and proposes specific implementation steps of a method for visualizing earthwork construction based on BIM+UAV aerial survey+3D laser scanning: S1. Collect various construction parameters from design drawings, construction plans and other document information, such as blasting layer thickness, block size, blasting construction sequence, construction road layout location, etc., to provide data support for establishing BIM models and writing construction animation scripts.

[0029] S2. Collect the original terrain image data of the overall construction area of ​​the earthwork project by using drone aerial survey technology. The specific steps are as follows: Field data collection using drones: Obtain information using drone oblique photography: First, set the route according to the aerial survey area and the requirements for the aerial survey results, set the flight altitude and safety altitude of the aerial survey equipment according to the aerial survey site conditions, and set the flight path and parameters of the planned route. Arrange multiple image control points at the ground base station: Arrange 4 points in a relatively flat and unobstructed area around the aerial survey area, and at least 1 point in the middle of the survey area, and mark them with bright and easily identifiable paint or spray paint. After the drone equipment status is checked, use the onboard camera to collect terrain image data at equal distances for the overall construction area of ​​the earthwork project; In-house data processing: Import the aerial survey image data into the DJI Zhitu data processing software for aerial triangulation calculation to obtain the plane coordinates and elevation of the points to be determined. After the calculation is completed, import the image control point file in TXT format. Select any coordinate system and puncture the points according to the position of the image control points. At least 5 image control points should be punctured. After the puncture is completed, the aerial triangulation calculation results can be optimized. After the optimization is completed, check the aerial triangulation quality report. The error should not exceed 5cm. If it is qualified, the 2D image and 3D model results will be output.

[0030] S3. Import the design drawing vector file and the processed original terrain data into SketchUp software, generate a BIM model after processing, and unify the coordinate system of the design file BIM model and the construction terrain BIM model; for earthwork excavation, in general, the design drawing will give the allowable over-excavation size. When building the model, it is necessary to pay attention to building two models, one is the model built according to the drawing design parameters (model 1), and the other is the model built according to the drawing design parameters + the allowable over-excavation size (model 2), see Figure 2 . Construction animation is produced based on the construction animation script of the BIM model, and then project personnel are organized to conduct construction simulation, load construction analysis of on-site field data, optimize resource allocation, and identify construction risk sources.

[0031] S4. After the model and animation are completed, each blasting excavation is explained to the construction personnel in the form of animation video and distributed to each operator and manager. The location of the construction equipment, blasting construction area, blasting hole network parameters, transportation vehicle route, safety facility layout and other information are output in the form of pictures and coordinate parameter files.

[0032] S5. Use the information output from the BIM model to guide on-site earthwork construction. For example, during blasting operations, the blasting hole network parameter data (.dat file format) of each blasting is exported from the BIM model and input into the GPS measuring instrument. Then the surveying personnel locate each construction area and determine the construction area. During excavation and transportation operations, the position and quantity map of the excavating machinery and the transportation route map in and out of the foundation pit are exported from the BIM model to guide the excavation and transportation construction.

[0033] S6. When analyzing the quality of slopes and bottom plates, a 3D laser scanner is used to collect data. The 3D laser scanner data is processed using Trimble RealWorks, and the BIM models 1 and 2 produced by SketchUp are imported into Trimble RealWorks to determine and collect under-excavation and over-excavation points. Other data are collected using drone aerial survey methods, and the collected data are processed and imported into the BIM model to analyze whether there is any deviation in the progress of the last blasting and excavation construction. If there is a deviation, the construction deployment of the next blasting will be adjusted in time. Figure 3 Compare the 3D scanning data with the theoretical BIM model to analyze the over-excavation and under-excavation of the foundation pit.

[0034] The data of construction sub-item areas such as slopes or bottom plates of earthwork projects are collected by using 3D laser scanners. The specific steps are as follows: 3D laser scanning field data collection: Select a phase-type 3D laser scanner to perform 3D point cloud scanning of the interior of the negative excavation pit in each construction sub-item area of ​​the earthwork project at each stage of blasting, excavation, support, etc. to obtain point cloud data; Internal data processing: After importing the point cloud data into RealWorks software, the point cloud data scanned by each site are matched and spliced. The error during splicing is controlled within 5mm. After the splicing is completed, the point cloud data is positioned, and the positioned point cloud data is further classified and noise data is removed. Because the amount of point cloud data collected by the scanner is basically more than 10 million points, in order to reduce the amount of subsequent data processing, the data must be thinned. The thinning accuracy is generally 0.1m~1m. After thinning, the data can be used to build a 3D model. See Figure 4 .

[0035] After completing the above steps, the relevant under-excavation points have been processed, and the 3D laser scanner is used again to measure the foundation pit acceptance and draw the completion drawings. Figure 5 .

[0036] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for visualized construction of earthwork based on BIM, drone aerial survey and 3D laser scanning, characterized in that: The steps include: Generate theoretical BIM models based on design drawings; The original terrain image data is collected by drone aerial survey, and the original terrain image data is integrated on the basis of the theoretical BIM model to generate a terrain BIM model; Analyze the terrain BIM model, output construction information, and guide on-site construction; Collect on-site construction process data and perform construction deviation analysis: If the construction deviation exceeds the preset range, the construction deviation will be compensated to the construction information for adjustment to guide the next construction, until the construction deviation is within the preset range and the completion drawings are drawn after acceptance.

2. The earthwork visualization construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Generating a theoretical BIM model according to the design drawings specifically includes: Use AUTOCAD drawing software to draw the design drawings 1:1, convert the design drawings from scalar drawings into vector files, and import them into SketchUp software to generate a theoretical BIM model.

3. The earthwork visualization construction method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The theoretical BIM model includes two models: Model 1 is a model established according to the design parameters of the drawing; Model 2 is a model established according to the design parameters of the drawing + the allowable over-excavation size specified in the design drawing; Make construction animation based on the construction animation script of the theoretical BIM model.

4. The earthwork visualization construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of collecting original terrain image data by drone aerial survey and fusing the original terrain image data on the basis of the theoretical BIM model to generate a terrain BIM model specifically includes: Collecting drone field data: First, set the flight route according to the aerial survey area and the requirements for aerial survey results, set the flight altitude and safety altitude of the aerial survey equipment according to the aerial survey site conditions, set the flight path and parameters of the planned route, and arrange image control points around and inside the aerial survey area. After the drone equipment status is checked, use the onboard camera to collect terrain image data for the overall construction area of ​​the earthwork project and each construction sub-item area; Processing of internal data: Import the aerial survey image data into the data processing software for aerial triangulation calculation to obtain the plane coordinates and elevation of the points to be determined. After the calculation is completed, import the image control point file in TXT format. Select any coordinate system and puncture the points according to the positions of the image control points. At least 5 image control points should be punctured. After the puncture is completed, the aerial triangulation calculation results can be optimized. After the optimization is completed, check the aerial triangulation quality report. The error should not exceed 5cm. After passing the test, output the two-dimensional image and three-dimensional model results, and use the three-dimensional model to establish a terrain BIM model.

5. The earthwork visualization construction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The analyzing the terrain BIM model, outputting construction information, and guiding on-site construction specifically include: Animated videos are output from the terrain BIM model for construction simulation and briefing to construction personnel, or the positions of construction machinery and equipment, blasting construction areas, blasting hole network parameters, transport vehicle routes, and safety facility layout information are output in the form of pictures and coordinate parameter files to guide on-site construction.

6. The earthwork visualization construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The on-site construction process data includes over-excavation point data, under-excavation point data and other data.

7. The earthwork visualization construction method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The collecting of on-site construction process data and performing construction deviation analysis specifically includes: When analyzing the quality of the foundation pit slope and the bottom plate, a three-dimensional laser scanner is used to collect elevation point data, and the collected data is processed using Trimble RealWorks. The model 1 and the model 2 are respectively imported into Trimble RealWorks to determine and collect under-excavation points and over-excavation points, and to perform under-excavation and over-excavation quality deviation analysis; The other data include blasting stratification, earthwork volume and construction progress. The above other data are collected by drone aerial survey method to analyze whether there are deviations in the previous blasting stratification planning and construction progress. If there are deviations, adjustments will be made to guide the next on-site construction.

8. The earthwork visualization construction method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The data collection using a three-dimensional laser scanner specifically includes: Collect 3D laser scanning field data: Perform detailed 3D point cloud scanning on the slope and bottom plate construction areas of the earthwork project foundation pit to obtain point cloud data; Processing of office data: After importing the point cloud data into Trimble RealWorks software, the point cloud data scanned at each site are matched and spliced. The error during splicing is controlled within the predetermined value. After the splicing is completed, the point cloud data is located, and the located point cloud data is further classified and the noise data is removed. After the noise data is removed, the data is thinned, and the 3D model is established using the thinned data. The BIM model is established based on the 3D model.

9. The earthwork visualization construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acceptance is to use three-dimensional laser scanning again to conduct foundation pit acceptance measurement and draw completion drawings after the construction deviation is dealt with.

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