Electroforming nickel dissimilar metal vacuum laser welding process method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of thrust chamber dissimilar metal welding, in particular to an electroforming nickel dissimilar metal vacuum laser welding process method which is used for thrust chamber axial butt joint welding seams, the welding seams are of a rotary body structure and a whole circle of circumferential welding seams, a non-full penetration structure mode is adopted, and base materials on the two sides of the welding seams are a high-temperature alloy section and an electroforming nickel section respectively. And vacuum laser welding is adopted, programming is conducted twice in the welding process, programming is conducted by deflecting a light spot to one side of the electroforming nickel section by 0.2-1.5 mm for the first time, and programming is conducted by deflecting the light spot to one side of the electroforming nickel section by 1-2 mm for the second time. According to the electroforming nickel dissimilar metal vacuum laser welding process method, the problem of welding deviation during welding of electroforming nickel and high-temperature alloy dissimilar steel is solved, the quality and reliability of welding seams are improved, and the electroforming nickel dissimilar metal vacuum laser welding process method is suitable for manufacturing of key components such as thrust chambers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of thrust chamber dissimilar metal welding, and in particular to a vacuum laser welding process method for electroformed nickel dissimilar metals. Background Art

[0002] In the manufacturing process of key thrust chamber components, welding of electroformed nickel and high-temperature alloy dissimilar steel is a critical technical challenge. This welded joint needs to withstand high tensile and shear forces, so it must meet the qualified standard of weld grade I. However, dissimilar steel welding faces a series of complex problems.

[0003] Electroformed nickel materials will generate irregular magnetic fields during processing and welding, causing the magnetic flux of the workpiece after processing to be as high as 5GS locally. This characteristic makes electron beam welding impossible because the electron beam will be disturbed in the magnetic field, causing the welding trajectory to deviate and unable to accurately act on the center of the weld. Although the magnetic flux can be reduced to 2-3GS by demagnetization to meet welding requirements, in the welding process of certain specific welds, such as axial welds, high-speed electrons will still be affected by the magnetic field of the parent material on both sides, resulting in welding deviation.

[0004] As an advanced welding technology, laser welding uses a high-energy-density laser beam as a heat source to act on the surface of the workpiece, converting light energy into heat energy to form a keyhole effect, which enables energy to be transferred to the deep part of the weld, thereby achieving a welding effect with a large penetration depth; the laser beam is not affected by the magnetic field, so stable welding can be performed under the condition of a magnetic field, which is an important advantage for the welding of electroformed nickel and high-temperature alloy dissimilar steels.

[0005] However, due to the significant differences in physical properties such as melting point, thermal conductivity and expansion coefficient between electroformed nickel and high-temperature alloys, the heat distribution of the weld is uneven during welding. Even with the same heat input, the volume of molten metal on both sides of the parent material will be different, which often leads to the phenomenon of weld root deviation, resulting in insufficient effective penetration of the weld and unable to meet the performance requirements of the product.

[0006] Therefore, the present invention proposes a vacuum laser welding process method for electroformed nickel dissimilar metals, aiming to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve effective alignment of welds and high-quality welding during deep penetration welding of dissimilar steels. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a vacuum laser welding process method for electroformed nickel dissimilar metals. The vacuum laser welding process method for electroformed nickel dissimilar metals not only solves the welding deviation problem when welding electroformed nickel and high-temperature alloy dissimilar steel, but also improves the weld quality and reliability, and is suitable for the manufacture of key components such as thrust chambers.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A vacuum laser welding process method for electroformed nickel dissimilar metals is used for the axial butt weld of a thrust chamber. The weld is a rotating body structure and a full-circle ring weld. It adopts a non-full penetration structure and has a penetration depth of 10-14 mm. The parent materials on both sides of the weld are a high-temperature alloy section and an electroformed nickel section respectively. The diameter of the weld is φ100-φ440 mm. The radial distance between the weld and the flow channel 1 on the high-temperature alloy section side is 3-9 mm and the axial distance is 40-80 mm. The radial distance between the weld and the flow channel 2 on the electroformed nickel section side is 3-9 mm and the axial distance is 10-40 mm. Vacuum laser welding is adopted. The welding process is programmed twice. The first time, the light spot is programmed to be 0.2-1.5 mm toward one side of the electroformed nickel section, and the second time, the light spot is programmed to be 1-2 mm toward one side of the electroformed nickel section.

[0009] On one side of the electroformed nickel section, machine-marked lines are added at 0.2-1.5mm and 1-2mm from the weld.

[0010] The laser welding parameters are as follows: laser power 3000-4000W, working distance 300-350mm, welding speed 200-600mm / min, laser inclination angle 85-95°, defocus 0-5mm, rising parameter 1-5s, and descending parameter 5-20s.

[0011] At the starting point of arc starting, the light spot is aligned with the center of the weld, and at the ending point of arc starting, the light spot is aligned with the scribed line. The arc starting process is a slow transition from the weld to the scribed line position; at the starting point of arc ending, the light spot slowly transitions from the scribed line position to the weld position and reaches the ending point of arc ending.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention discloses a vacuum laser welding process method for electroformed nickel dissimilar metals, which solves the problem of welding deviation: due to the significant difference in the physical properties (such as melting point, thermal conductivity, and expansion coefficient) of electroformed nickel and high-temperature alloys, traditional welding methods are prone to weld deviation at the root of the weld, resulting in insufficient effective penetration of the weld; the present invention effectively solves this problem by adjusting the spot position during laser welding, specifically, by deviating the spot to one side of the electroformed nickel segment by 0.2-1.5mm and 1-2mm for two programmed weldings, which can achieve effective alignment of the weld, ensure good root fusion, and avoid welding deviation, thereby meeting the performance requirements of the product.

[0013] 2. The present invention discloses a vacuum laser welding process for electroformed nickel dissimilar metals, which is adapted to the magnetic field environment: the electroformed nickel material will generate an irregular magnetic field during processing and welding, which interferes with the trajectory of electron beam welding and causes welding deviation. However, laser welding is not affected by the magnetic field and can perform stable welding under the condition of the magnetic field; this feature makes laser welding an ideal choice for welding electroformed nickel and high-temperature alloy dissimilar steel, especially for the manufacture of key components such as thrust chambers.

[0014] 3. The present invention discloses a vacuum laser welding process method for electroformed nickel dissimilar metals, which improves the quality of welds: laser welding under a vacuum environment can further ensure the internal quality of welds and avoid the generation of defects such as pores and inclusions; at the same time, by finely controlling laser welding parameters (such as laser power, working distance, welding speed, laser inclination, defocusing amount, rising and falling parameters, etc.), the formation and performance of welds can be further optimized to achieve a large penetration depth and high-quality welding effect.

[0015] 4. The present invention discloses an electroformed nickel dissimilar metal vacuum laser welding process method, which realizes the weld grade I standard: the key components of the thrust chamber need to withstand high-intensity tensile and shear forces, so the weld must meet the grade I qualification standard; the electroformed nickel dissimilar metal vacuum laser welding process method proposed in the present invention can meet this high standard requirement by precisely controlling the welding process and parameters, thereby ensuring the reliability and safety of key components such as the thrust chamber. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] By reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below, the scheme and advantages of the present application will become clear to those skilled in the art. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiment and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention.

[0017] In the attached picture: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the axial butt weld structure of the thrust chamber; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the middle weld area; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the vacuum laser welding weld of dissimilar steel metals with welding deviation (left picture) and without welding deviation (right picture); Figure 4 A schematic diagram of line drawing in a vacuum laser welding process for electroformed nickel dissimilar metals according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of programming of a vacuum laser welding process method for electroforming nickel dissimilar metals according to an embodiment of the present invention; The components represented by the reference numerals in the figure are: The present invention comprises: 1. a high temperature alloy section, 2. an electroformed nickel section, 3. a flow channel 1, 4. a flow channel 2, 5. a welding seam, and 6. a marking line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] A vacuum laser welding process for electroformed nickel dissimilar metals is particularly suitable for welding the axial butt weld of the thrust chamber. Figures 1 to 5 , the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the axial butt weld structure of the thrust chamber; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the middle weld area; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the vacuum laser welding seam of dissimilar steel metals with welding deviation (left picture) and without welding deviation (right picture); Figure 4 A schematic diagram of line drawing in a vacuum laser welding process for electroformed nickel dissimilar metals according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A programming schematic diagram of a vacuum laser welding process method for electroformed nickel dissimilar metals according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] The key components of the thrust chamber are composed of a high-temperature alloy section 1 and an electroformed nickel section 2, which are connected by an axial butt weld 5.

[0021] Weld 5 is a rotating body structure, a full-circle circumferential weld, and adopts a non-full penetration structure with a penetration depth requirement of 10-14mm.

[0022] The diameter of the weld is φ100-φ440mm, the radial distance from the flow channel 1 3 on the side of the high-temperature alloy section 1 is 3-9mm (dimension B), and the axial distance is 40-80mm (dimension D); the radial distance from the flow channel 2 4 on the side of the electroformed nickel section 2 is 3-9mm (dimension A), and the axial distance is 10-40mm (dimension C).

[0023] This structure requires that the weld not only withstands high-strength tensile and shear forces, but also ensures weld quality and avoids welding deviation.

[0024] The electroformed nickel dissimilar metal vacuum laser welding process comprises the following steps: Step 1: Weld alignment and line marking. Due to the difference in physical properties between electroformed nickel and high-temperature alloys, traditional welding methods can easily cause the weld root to deviate.

[0025] In order to solve this problem, the present invention machine-adds engraved lines 6 on one side of the electroformed nickel segment 2 at positions 0.2-1.5 mm and 1-2 mm away from the weld.

[0026] These two engraved lines serve as reference lines during welding, ensuring that the light spot can be accurately aligned and biased toward the electroformed nickel side, thereby adjusting the fusion ratio of the base materials on both sides and avoiding deviation at the root of the weld.

[0027] Step 2: Vacuum laser welding, using vacuum laser welding technology to ensure the internal quality of the weld.

[0028] During the welding process, the programming is performed twice. The first time, the light spot is deflected to one side of the electroformed nickel segment 2 by 0.2-1.5 mm, and the second time, the light spot is deflected to one side of the electroformed nickel segment 2 by 1-2 mm.

[0029] This two-step programming method adjusts the spot position so that the melting volume of the parent material on the electroformed nickel side increases during welding, effectively avoiding the phenomenon of weld root deviation.

[0030] The selection of laser welding parameters is crucial to the quality of the weld. The laser welding parameters of the present invention are: laser power 3000-4000W, working distance 300-350mm, welding speed 200-600mm / min, laser inclination angle 85-95°, defocusing amount 0-5mm, rising parameter 1-5s, and falling parameter 5-20s; these parameters can ensure that the weld reaches the required penetration depth and quality requirements.

[0031] The arc starting and ending processes also have an important impact on the weld quality.

[0032] Since arc starting is the process of beam current changing from 0 to peak value, arc ending is the process of beam current changing from peak value to 0.

[0033] like Figure 5 As shown, when programming arc starting and arc extinguishing, it needs to be divided into four points, namely the arc starting point (beam current 0), the arc starting end point (beam current peak value), the arc ending point (beam current peak value), and the arc ending point (beam current 0).

[0034] At the start of arcing, the light spot is aligned with the center of the weld, and at the end of arcing, the light spot is aligned with the scribed line, that is, the arcing process is a slow transition from the weld to the scribed line position. At the start of arcing, the light spot slowly transitions from the scribed line position to the weld position and reaches the end of arcing. The electroformed nickel dissimilar metal vacuum laser welding process of the present invention successfully solves the problem of weld deviation of the thrust chamber axial butt weld. The weld quality is high, the root fusion is good, and no weld deviation occurs.

[0035] Laser welding in a vacuum environment ensures the internal quality of the weld and avoids defects such as pores and inclusions.

[0036] In addition, the weld formation and performance are further optimized by finely controlling the laser welding parameters and arc starting and extinguishing programming methods.

[0037] In summary, the electroformed nickel dissimilar metal vacuum laser welding process method of the present invention has significant technical effects and application value, and is suitable for the manufacture of key components such as thrust chambers.

Claims

1. A vacuum laser welding process for electroformed nickel dissimilar metals, used for an axial butt weld (5) of a thrust chamber, wherein the weld (5) is a rotating body structure, a full-circle circumferential weld, and adopts a non-full penetration structure with a penetration depth of 10-14 mm; the parent materials on both sides of the weld (5) are a high-temperature alloy section (1) and an electroformed nickel section (2), respectively, the diameter of the weld is φ100-φ440 mm, the radial distance between the weld (5) and the flow channel 1 (3) on the high-temperature alloy section (1) side is 3-9 mm, and the axial distance is 40-80 mm, and the radial distance between the weld (5) and the flow channel 2 (4) on the electroformed nickel section (2) side is 3-9 mm, and the axial distance is 10-40 mm, wherein: Vacuum laser welding is adopted, and the welding process is programmed twice. The first time, the light spot is programmed to be 0.2-1.5 mm away from one side of the electroformed nickel segment (2), and the second time, the light spot is programmed to be 1-2 mm away from one side of the electroformed nickel segment (2).

2. The electroformed nickel dissimilar metal vacuum laser welding process according to claim 1, characterized in that: Marking lines (6) are machined on one side of the electroformed nickel section (2) at positions 0.2-1.5 mm and 1-2 mm from the weld.

3. The electroformed nickel dissimilar metal vacuum laser welding process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The laser welding parameters are as follows: laser power 3000-4000W, working distance 300-350mm, welding speed 200-600mm / min, laser inclination angle 85-95°, defocus 0-5mm, rising parameter 1-5s, and descending parameter 5-20s.

4. The electroformed nickel dissimilar metal vacuum laser welding process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: At the arc starting point, the light spot is aligned with the center of the weld (5), and at the arc ending point, the light spot is aligned with the scribed line (6). The arc starting process is a slow transition from the weld (5) to the scribed line (6) position; at the arc ending point, the light spot slowly transitions from the scribed line (6) position to the weld (5) position to reach the arc ending point.

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