Transmission device of vehicle and vehicle equipped with transmission device

Abstract

The invention provides a transmission device of a vehicle. The transmission device comprises a prime mover; a driving member driven by the prime mover; the driven part is rotationally driven by the driving part; a wheel driver that drives wheels of the vehicle; a clutch mechanism including: a clutch disc freely rotatably mounted on the wheel drive and axially movably mounted in a direction close to and away from the follower; a mating member rotatably coupled with the wheel driving member; the rotating load applying mechanism is in contact with and abuts against the outer periphery of the clutch disc in the first state, so that the clutch disc is far away from the driven piece to be coupled with the matching piece, and the driven piece drives the wheel driving piece to rotate through the clutch mechanism; in the second state, the clutch disc is separated from the outer periphery of the clutch disc; and the controller controls the rotary load applying mechanism to enter the second state after the rotary load applying mechanism lasts for a preset time in the first state. The invention further provides a vehicle with the transmission device. The transmission device has the beneficial effects that the working stability of the transmission device is improved, and the service life is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of garden tools, and in particular to a transmission device of a vehicle and a vehicle equipped with the transmission device. Background Art

[0002] The self-propelled lawn mower has wheels for moving on the lawn, and the wheels are driven by a motor, which drives the wheels to rotate through a transmission.

[0003] A transmission device of the prior art includes a driving member, a driven member rotationally driven by the driving member, a wheel driving member driving the wheel of the self-propelled lawn mower, and a clutch mechanism. The clutch mechanism includes a clutch plate, which is mounted on the wheel driving member so as to rotate freely and is mounted so as to move axially in the direction of approaching and moving away from the driven member; and a mating member, which is rotationally connected to the wheel driving member.

[0004] When the self-propelled lawn mower moves by itself, the active member drives the driven member to rotate, and the driven member drives the clutch plate away from the driven member to couple with the matching member, thereby driving the wheel drive member to rotate.

[0005] When the self-propelled lawn mower stops moving and needs to be pushed manually, the wheel drive member is driven by rotation in the forward direction to make the clutch plate approach the driven member to decouple from the mating member, so that the wheel drive member can rotate freely in any rotation direction.

[0006] However, the transmission device is provided with an actuator that permanently contacts and presses the clutch disc, and the actuator may provide friction to the clutch disc all the time when the self-propelled lawn mower is moving by itself. This friction actually forms resistance during the normal operation of the transmission device, causing the motor working current to increase, resulting in energy waste. In addition, when the self-propelled lawn mower can move freely, since the rotating load applying mechanism rotates with the clutch disc, friction will occur between the rotating load applying mechanism and the wheel drive member, causing wear and reducing the service life of the transmission device.

[0007] On the other hand, when the lawn mower is driven forward by the motor, if the motor does not stop quickly after the power supply to the motor is cut off, if the lawn mower is moving on a surface with high resistance (such as dense grass, high grass, slopes, etc.), the clutch may not be disengaged easily.

[0008] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the above prior art to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide an optimized vehicle transmission device, comprising: a prime mover; an active member driven by the prime mover; a driven member, which is rotationally driven by the active member; a wheel drive member, which drives the wheel of the vehicle; a clutch mechanism, which comprises: a clutch plate, which is mounted on the wheel drive member so as to rotate freely and to move axially in the direction of approaching and moving away from the driven member; a mating member, which is rotationally connected to the wheel drive member; a rotational load applying mechanism, which in a first state contacts and presses on the outer periphery of the clutch plate to move the clutch plate away from the driven member to couple with the mating member, so that the driven member drives the wheel drive member to rotate through the clutch mechanism; and in a second state, disengages from the outer periphery of the clutch plate; a controller, which controls the rotational load applying mechanism to enter the second state after being in the first state for a predetermined time.

[0010] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, a reset member is provided between the clutch disc and the mating member, and the reset member makes the clutch disc tend to move away from the mating member.

[0011] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotation load applying mechanism includes a push rod, which moves toward the clutch disc under the action of a first force in a first state and moves away from the clutch disc under the action of a second force in a second state.

[0012] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotational load application mechanism also includes an elastic member that limits the push rod from moving toward the direction approaching the clutch disk. In the first state, the push rod is acted upon by a first force to overcome the restriction of the elastic member to move toward the direction approaching the clutch disk so as to form contact pressure on the outer periphery of the clutch disk. In the second state, the push rod loses the action of the first force and returns to its initial position under the action of the restoring force of the elastic member.

[0013] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotary load applying mechanism also includes a coil and an armature, the elastic member is a spring, and the push rod is arranged on the armature. In the first state, the coil is energized, and the armature pushes the push rod to overcome the spring restriction and move toward the clutch disk under the action of the magnetic force generated by the coil so that the push rod forms a contact pressure on the outer periphery of the clutch disk. In the second state, the coil is de-energized, the armature loses its magnetic force and pulls the push rod back to its initial position under the action of the spring restoring force.

[0014] As a specific implementation of the present invention, the armature and the push rod are integrally arranged.

[0015] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotation load applying mechanism further includes a rotation load applying member; the rotation load applying mechanism forms a contact pressure on the outer periphery of the clutch disc through the rotation load applying member.

[0016] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotation load applying member is configured as a friction plate, and a bent portion is formed at a free end of the friction plate to tangentially contact with an outer peripheral edge of a clutch plate.

[0017] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the controller is configured to energize the coil and de-energize the coil after delaying the predetermined time.

[0018] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotation load applying mechanism includes a rotation load applying member for applying rotation resistance to the clutch disc, and also includes an actuator for driving the rotation load applying member to operate.

[0019] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotation load applying member is configured as a cam, and the actuating member is configured as a steering gear.

[0020] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotating load applicator is constructed to perform translational motion; there is an angle α between the movement direction of the rotating load applicator and the normal of the working plane, and 10°≤α≤20°; wherein the working plane refers to the plane determined by the wheels of the vehicle.

[0021] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotating load applying member is constructed to perform rotational motion; there is an angle α between the extension direction of the line connecting the rotation center of the rotating load applying member to the rotation center of the wheel driving member and the normal of the working plane, and 10°≤α≤20°; wherein the working plane refers to the plane determined by the wheels of the vehicle.

[0022] The present invention also provides a vehicle equipped with the transmission device.

[0023] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle is a lawn mower.

[0024] Another object of the present invention is to provide an optimized vehicle transmission system, including a transmission device and a detent module, the transmission device including: a prime mover; an active member driven by the prime mover; a driven member, which is rotationally driven by the active member; a wheel drive member, which drives the wheel of the vehicle; a controller; a clutch mechanism, which includes: a clutch plate, which is mounted on the wheel drive member so as to rotate freely and is mounted so as to move axially in the direction approaching and away from the driven member; a mating member, which is rotationally connected to the wheel drive member; a rotational load application mechanism, which can selectively or permanently provide resistance to the clutch plate; the detent module is configured so that when the prime mover is turned off, the detent module brakes the prime mover.

[0025] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the prime mover is a motor; the anti-rotation module includes a motor short-circuit circuit.

[0026] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, a reversing module is further included, wherein when the prime mover is turned off, the reversing module reverses the prime mover for a second predetermined time.

[0027] As a specific implementation of the present invention, the prime mover is a motor, and the reversing module includes an H-bridge circuit.

[0028] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the prime mover is a motor, and the reversing module includes a motor forward circuit, a motor reverse circuit, a relay and a switch, and the relay controls the switch to switch the motor forward circuit and the motor reverse circuit.

[0029] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reversing module also includes a MOS tube. When the motor positive circuit is connected, the MOS tube is turned on; when the motor positive circuit is switched to the motor reverse circuit, the MOS tube is closed for a third predetermined time and then turned on.

[0030] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, a reset member is provided between the clutch disc and the mating member, and the reset member makes the clutch disc tend to move away from the mating member.

[0031] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotational load applying mechanism can selectively provide resistance to the clutch disc. In the first state, the rotational load applying mechanism contacts and presses the outer periphery of the clutch disc to move the clutch disc away from the driven member to couple with the mating member, so that the driven member drives the wheel driving member to rotate through the clutch mechanism; in the second state, the rotational load applying mechanism is disengaged from the outer periphery of the clutch disc; the controller controls the rotational load applying mechanism to enter the second state after being in the first state for a first predetermined time.

[0032] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotation load applying mechanism includes a rotation load applying member for applying rotation resistance to the clutch disc, and also includes an actuator for driving the rotation load applying member to operate.

[0033] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotation load applying member is configured as a friction plate, and the actuating member is configured as an electromagnet.

[0034] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotation load applying member is configured as a cam, and the actuating member is configured as a steering gear.

[0035] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotating load applicator is constructed to perform translational motion; there is an angle α between the movement direction of the rotating load applicator and the normal of the working plane, and 10°≤α≤20°; wherein the working plane refers to the plane determined by the wheels of the vehicle.

[0036] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the rotating load applying member is constructed to perform rotational motion; there is an angle α between the extension direction of the line connecting the rotation center of the rotating load applying member to the rotation center of the wheel driving member and the normal of the working plane, and 10°≤α≤20°; wherein the working plane refers to the plane determined by the wheels of the vehicle.

[0037] The present invention also provides a vehicle equipped with the transmission system.

[0038] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle is a lawn mower.

[0039] The beneficial effect of the present invention is to improve the working stability and service life of the transmission device and the transmission system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 It is an exploded schematic diagram of a transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3-1 It is a schematic diagram of an exploded transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3-2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 It is a front view of a matching piece according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a matching piece according to a specific embodiment of the present invention from another perspective.

[0045] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a matching piece according to a specific embodiment of the present invention from another perspective.

[0046] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a matching piece according to a specific embodiment of the present invention from another perspective.

[0047] Figure 8 It is a front view of a clutch disc according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of a clutch disc according to a specific embodiment of the present invention from another perspective.

[0049] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of a clutch disc according to a specific embodiment of the present invention from another perspective.

[0050] Fig.11It is a front view of a follower according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of a follower from another perspective of a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of a follower from another perspective of a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of a transmission device in an initial state according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Fig.15 It is a cross-sectional view of a transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention in an initial state.

[0055] Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of the side of the actuator and the clutch disc of a transmission device in an initial state according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of a transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention during the starting process.

[0057] Fig.18 It is a cross-sectional view of a transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention during the starting process.

[0058] Fig.19 It is a schematic diagram of the side of the actuator and the clutch disc during the starting process of the transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Fig. 20 It is a schematic diagram of a transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention during a driving process.

[0060] Fig.21 It is a cross-sectional view of a transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention during a driving process.

[0061] Fig. 22 It is a schematic diagram of a friction plate of a transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Fig.23 It is a schematic diagram of a rotary load applying mechanism of a transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, which is a steering gear and a cam.

[0063] Fig.24 It is a schematic diagram of another state in which the rotation load applying mechanism of the transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention is a steering gear and a cam.

[0064] Fig.25 It is a cross-sectional view of a transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention in which the rotation load applying mechanism is a steering gear and a cam.

[0065] Fig.26 It is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] Fig. 27 It is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] Fig.28 It is a circuit diagram of a transmission device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] Fig.29 It is a schematic diagram of an actuator control circuit according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] Fig.30 It is a schematic diagram of a transmission device control circuit according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] Fig.31 It is a schematic diagram of a transmission device control circuit according to another specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] Fig.32 It is a schematic diagram of a transmission device control circuit according to another specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] Fig.33 It is a schematic diagram of a transmission device according to another specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] Fig.34 It is a schematic diagram of a transmission device according to another specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] Fig.35 It is a schematic diagram of a transmission device according to another specific embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, these embodiments do not limit the present invention, and any structural or functional changes made by a person skilled in the art based on these embodiments are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0076] For the convenience of description, the direction in which the lawn mower moves forward in normal operation is defined as "forward", and the direction in which the lawn mower moves in the opposite direction is defined as "rearward". The rotation direction of the wheel drive member 3 when the lawn mower moves "forward" is defined as the first rotation direction. The plane defined by the wheels of the lawn mower is defined as the working plane. When the lawn mower moves on a flat ground, the plane where the ground is located is the working plane.

[0077] Embodiment 1.

[0078] This embodiment provides a transmission device for a vehicle, specifically as follows Figure 1 to Figure 22The figure shows a preferred embodiment of the present application, which is a transmission device of a self-propelled lawn mower, and the transmission device includes a prime mover, an active member 1, a driven member 2 driven by the active member 1, a wheel driving member 3 for driving the wheels, a controller 8 and a clutch mechanism 4.

[0079] The active member 1 is driven by a prime mover 5. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the prime mover is a motor 5. In other embodiments, the prime mover may also be an internal combustion engine. The motor 5 transmits power to the active member 1 through a gear structure, driving the active member 1 to rotate. The active member 1 and the driven member 2 are meshed with each other, and the active member 1 drives the driven member 2 to rotate, transmitting power to the driven member 2. In the present embodiment, the rotation direction of the active member 1 is perpendicular to the rotation direction of the driven member 2, wherein the rotation axis of the active member 1 is perpendicular to the working plane. The active member 1 and the driven member 2 are specifically constructed as a worm gear structure, wherein the active member 1 is a worm and the driven member 2 is a worm wheel; in other embodiments, the rotation direction of the active member 1 may also be set parallel to the rotation direction of the driven member 2, and the transmission part adopts a spur gear, a transmission belt or a transmission chain.

[0080] In this embodiment, the rotation axis of the wheel drive member 3 is parallel to the working plane. The wheel drive member 3 is composed of three sections, namely the first wheel shaft 3A, the second wheel shaft 3B and the third wheel shaft 3C. The diameter of the first wheel shaft 3A is smaller than the diameter of the second wheel shaft 3B and the third wheel shaft 3C. The two ends of the first wheel shaft 3A are respectively inserted into the ends of the second wheel shaft 3B and the third wheel shaft 3C, and a distance L is left between the two ends of the second wheel shaft 3B and the third wheel shaft 3C that are close to each other. The driven member 2 is provided with a through driven member center through hole 21, and the thickness of the driven member center through hole 21 is substantially equal to the distance L. That is, the second wheel shaft 3B and the third wheel shaft 3C clamp and fix the driven member 2 near the two ends of the first wheel shaft 3A, so that it cannot move in the axial direction of the wheel drive member 3, and the driven member 2 is rotatably fixed on the first wheel shaft 3A through the center through hole 21. The clutch mechanism 4 includes a clutch disc 41, a fitting 42 and a rotation load applying mechanism 43, and there is a pair of clutch mechanisms 4, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the driven member 2. Through holes are provided in the middle of the clutch disc 41 and the mating piece 42, which are the clutch disc center hole 414 and the mating piece center hole 423. Specifically, the clutch disc 41 is mounted on the overlapped portion of the second axle 3B and the first axle 3A, and the mating piece 42 is mounted on the second axle 3B and the third axle 3C. Moreover, the mating piece 42 is rotationally coupled with the second axle 3B or the third axle 3C, that is, the mating piece 42 rotates synchronously with the wheel driving member 3. The clutch disc 42 is arranged between the driven member 2 and the mating piece 42, and can be freely rotatably mounted on the second axle 3B or the third axle 3C, and can be axially movable in the direction of approaching and moving away from the driven member 2.

[0081] The rotation load applying mechanism 43 has a first state for applying rotation resistance to the clutch disc 41 and a second state for not applying rotation resistance to the clutch disc 41. In the present embodiment, in the first state, the rotation load applying mechanism 43 contacts and presses the outer periphery of the clutch disc 41 to make the clutch disc 41 away from the driven member 2 and coupled with the mating member 42, so that the driven member 2 drives the second wheel shaft 3B and the third wheel shaft 3C to rotate through the clutch mechanism 4; in the second state, the rotation load applying mechanism 43 is separated from the outer periphery of the clutch disc 41. The rotation load applying mechanism 43 enters the second state after being in the first state for a predetermined time.

[0082] In this embodiment, Figure 11~Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the follower 2. The follower 2 has a main body 24, which is constructed as a worm gear structure. The main body 24 of the follower 2 has a central shaft hole 21 arranged concentrically with its rotation axis for the first wheel axle 3A to pass through. Then the two ends of the follower 2 are respectively inserted into the second wheel axle 3B and the third wheel axle 3C. The two sides of the main body 24 of the follower are recessed inward to form a receiving cavity 23, and a claw 22 is arranged in the receiving cavity 23. The claw 22 is arranged around the rotation axis of the follower 2. Specifically, the claw 22 extends outward from the receiving cavity 23 and extends out of the receiving cavity 23. The extension direction of the claw 22 is roughly parallel to the extension direction of the rotation axis of the follower 2. The claw 22 has a claw side 221. In this embodiment, the claws 22 are symmetrically provided on the two opposite end faces of the follower 2.

[0083] In this embodiment, Figure 8~Figure 10 Schematic diagram of a clutch disc 41. The clutch disc has a clutch disc center hole 414 arranged concentrically with its rotation axis, for the second wheel shaft 3B or the third wheel shaft 3C to penetrate. The clutch disc 41 has a clutch disc outer peripheral surface 411 and opposite clutch disc end surfaces. The two clutch disc end surfaces are provided with tooth crowns extending outward. One clutch disc end surface is provided with a clutch disc inner tooth crown 412, and the other opposite clutch disc end surface is provided with a clutch disc outer tooth crown 413. The clutch disc inner tooth crown 412 and the clutch disc outer tooth crown 413 are both arranged around the rotation axis of the clutch disc.

[0084] The inner tooth crown 412 of the clutch plate has a first inclined surface 4121 and a first side surface 4122 arranged opposite to the first rotation direction, wherein the first inclined surface 4121 extends obliquely outward from an end surface of the clutch plate along the first rotation direction, and the first side surface 4122 extends outward from the outer end of the first inclined surface 4121 along a direction roughly parallel to the rotation axis of the clutch plate.

[0085] The clutch plate outer tooth crown 413 is configured as an oblique trapezoidal tooth, and has a second oblique surface 4131 arranged opposite to the first rotation direction and a second side surface 4132 arranged toward the first rotation direction. The second oblique surface 4131 extends obliquely outward from the other clutch plate end surface along the first rotation direction, and the second side surface 4132 extends outward from the other clutch plate end surface toward the first rotation direction.

[0086] In this embodiment, Figure 4~Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the matching piece 42. The matching piece 42 has a matching piece center hole 423 concentric with its rotation axis, through which the second wheel shaft 3B or the third wheel shaft 3C passes. The matching piece 42 is fixedly installed with the second wheel shaft 3B or the third wheel shaft 3C and rotates synchronously. Specifically, as Figure 5 , Figure 7 As shown, one end face of the mating piece 42 has a groove 422 perpendicular to its rotation axis, and there are positioning holes on the second axle 3B and the third axle 3C. The latch 424 is received in the groove 422 and inserted into the positioning hole of the second axle 3B or the third axle 3C, so as to fix the mating piece 42 on the second axle 3B or the third axle 3C. The other end face of the mating piece 42 is provided with saw teeth 421 in an annular shape along its outer circumference. The saw teeth 421 are constructed as oblique trapezoidal teeth, having a third inclined surface 4211 set toward the first rotation direction and a third side surface 4212 opposite to the first rotation direction. The third inclined surface 4211 extends obliquely outward from the other end face of the mating piece 42 opposite to the first rotation direction, and the third side surface 4212 extends outward from the other end face of the mating piece 42 along a direction roughly parallel to the rotation axis of the mating piece 42, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 shown.

[0087] The rotation load applying mechanism 43 includes a rotation load applying member 4302 for applying rotation resistance to the clutch disc 41, and also includes an actuator 4301 for driving the rotation load applying member. In this embodiment, the rotation load applying mechanism 43 is parallel to the extension direction of the output shaft of the motor 5. In this embodiment, the actuator 4301 is an electromagnet, and the coil 433 is wound around the outside of the armature 434, the armature 434 is connected to the push rod 431, or the armature 434 and the push rod 431 are integrally arranged, and the rotation load applying member is connected to the lower part of the push rod 431. In this embodiment, the rotation load applying member 4302 is configured as a friction plate 435. The friction plate 435 is in an arch bridge shape, and has a relatively flat connecting portion 4351. A first arm 4352 and a second arm 4353 extending downward and outward are provided on both sides of the connecting portion 4351. The free ends of the first arm 4352 and the second arm 4353 form a curved portion 4354 to facilitate contact with the outer peripheral surface 411 of the clutch plate. The connecting portion 4351 is provided with a mounting hole 4355. The push rod 431 passes through the mounting hole 4355 and is connected by a threaded fastener (not shown). The friction plate 435 is located directly above the outer peripheral surface 411 of the clutch plate.

[0088] The rotation load applying mechanism 43 further includes an elastic member 432, which makes the push rod 431 tend to move in a direction away from the clutch disc 41. The push rod 431 has a first state and a second state. In the first state, the push rod 431 contacts and presses the outer peripheral surface 411 of the clutch disc to make the clutch disc 41 away from the driven member 2 to couple with the mating member 42, so that the driven member 2 drives the wheel driving member 3 to rotate through the clutch mechanism 4. In the second state, the push rod 431 is out of contact with the outer peripheral surface 411 of the clutch disc.

[0089] Specifically, a pressing plate 436 is fixed to the top of the push rod 431, which is used to limit the position of the elastic member 432, and the elastic member 432 is configured as a spring. In the first state, the coil 433 is energized, and the armature 434 overcomes the spring restriction under the magnetic force generated by the coil 433, and pushes the push rod 431 to move toward the clutch disk 41 so that the push rod 431 forms a contact and press on the outer peripheral surface 411 of the clutch disk. In the second state, the coil 433 is de-energized, the armature 434 loses the magnetic force and pulls the push rod 431 back to the initial position under the action of the spring restoring force, and is out of contact with the outer peripheral surface 411 of the clutch disk. In another embodiment, the friction plate 435 may be omitted, and the outer peripheral surface 411 of the clutch disk may be directly pressed by the push rod 431, which may also have a corresponding effect.

[0090] The transmission device shown also includes a fixed housing supported by the wheel chassis of the lawn mower. Preferably, the housing is composed of two half shells, an upper shell 6 and a lower shell 7, which are assembled by screw connection. The accommodating cavity formed by the upper shell 6 and the lower shell accommodates the active member 1, the driven member 2 and the clutch mechanism 4. The upper cover 6 is fixedly connected to the motor seat 51, and the upper cover 6 is provided with an actuator seat 61 for accommodating the actuator 43.

[0091] The working principle of the transmission device will be described in detail below. Figure 14 to Figure 21 Because the left and right sides of the follower 2 are completely the same, the left side of the follower 2 is taken as an example for description.

[0092] The driven member 2 is rotationally connected to the first wheel axle 3A, the mating member 42 and the wheel (not shown) are fixed to the second wheel axle 3B, and the clutch plate 41 is installed between the driven member 2 and the mating member 42. The clutch plate 41 can move toward or away from the driven member 2 in the axial direction.

[0093] When the motor 5 is not started, the clutch mechanism 4 is in a disabled state, and the rotation of the wheel will not be transmitted to the driven member 2 when the lawn mower moves forward, that is, the driven member 2 will not rotate with the wheel. Figure 14~Figure 16When the wheel rotates forward, the mating piece 42 rotates in the first rotation direction at the same angular velocity as the wheel, and the third inclined surface 4211 applies force to the second inclined surface 4131. Due to the mating of the inclined surfaces, the clutch disc 41 is pushed toward the direction of the driven member 2, so that the clutch disc 41 remains separated from the mating piece 42, and the clutch disc 41 is close to the driven member 2. The inner tooth crown 412 of the clutch disc is staggered with the claw 22 of the driven member 2, and the inner tooth crown 412 of the clutch disc extends into the receiving cavity 23, and there is a gap between the outer tooth crown 413 of the clutch disc and the serration 421. The friction plate 435 is located directly above the outer peripheral surface 411 of the clutch disc, and there is a small gap between them, that is, the friction plate 435 does not contact the outer peripheral surface 411 of the clutch disc. At this time, the wheel can rotate forward or backward freely.

[0094] When the motor 5 is started, the active member 1 drives the driven member 2 to rotate along the first rotation direction, and the claw 22 of the driven member 2 interferes with the first inclined surface 4121, pressing the first inclined surface 4121 to push the clutch plate 42 to rotate. Figure 17-18 At the same time, the controller 8 sends a signal to energize the coil 433, and the energized coil generates a magnetic field, which generates a magnetic force on the armature 434 to attract the armature 434 to push the push rod 431 to overcome the elastic force of the spring 432 and move toward the direction close to the outer peripheral surface 411 of the clutch plate. At this time, the rotation load applying mechanism 43 is in the first state, so that the curved portion 4354 of the friction plate 435 contacts the outer peripheral surface 411 of the clutch plate and forms a pressing force, as shown in FIG. Fig.19 As shown. Under the pressure of the friction plate 435, the clutch disc 41 is subjected to the first force, and the clutch disc 41 slows down under the action of the first force. Due to the action between the claw 22 and the first inclined surface 4121, the clutch disc 41 moves away from the driven member 2 and moves toward the mating member 42. The distance between the clutch disc 41 and the driven member 2 gradually increases, and the distance from the driven member 2 gradually decreases, and the clutch mechanism 4 transitions from the failure state to the transmission state. The rotation load applying mechanism 43 works during the period when the clutch disc 41 is close to the mating member 42 and meshes with it. This period of time is pre-set in the controller 8 as a preset time, which can effectively ensure that after the clutch 42 is meshed with the mating member 42, the actuator 43 automatically cuts off the power and resets to the second state.

[0095] like Fig. 20 , 21As shown, the rotation direction indicated by the arrow in the figure is the first rotation direction. When the clutch disc 41 is engaged with the mating piece 42, the clutch mechanism 4 is in a transmission state. The active member 1 transmits power to the wheel driving member 3 through the clutch mechanism 4 to drive the wheel forward. Specifically, the claw side 221 of the claw 22 presses the first side 4122 of the clutch disc 41 to drive the clutch disc 41 to rotate; the clutch disc 41 is engaged with the mating piece 42, the second inclined surface 4131 of the clutch disc 41 is matched with the third inclined surface 4212 of the mating piece 42, and the second side surface 4132 of the clutch disc 41 presses the third side surface 4212 of the mating piece 42 to stimulate the mating piece 42 to rotate, and the second wheel shaft 3B can rotate in the same direction.

[0096] When the rotation speed of the second axle 3B along the first rotation direction is greater than the rotation speed of the driven member 2 along the first rotation direction, that is, the rotation speed of the mating member 42 along the first rotation direction is greater than the rotation speed of the clutch disc 41 along the first rotation direction, typically, when the second axle 3B rotates along the first rotation direction and the driven member 2 stops rotating or rotates in a direction opposite to the first rotation direction, the third inclined surface 4211 of the mating member 42 excites the second inclined surface 4131 of the clutch disc 41, pushing the clutch disc 41 to move axially away from the mating member 42, and the clutch mechanism enters an inactive state, and the second axle 3B can rotate freely in any direction.

[0097] In order to achieve stable control of the rotation load applying mechanism 43, refer to Fig.29 This embodiment discloses a control circuit, including a voltage detection module 811 and a constant voltage control module 812 electrically connected to a controller 8. The controller 8 detects that the power supply voltage VCC is U1 through the voltage detection module 811, and stabilizes U1 to the rated voltage U2 of the rotating load applying mechanism 43 through the PMW signal modulation of the MOS tube Q11, thereby supplying power to the rotating load applying mechanism 43.

[0098] Since the actuator 43 has been separated from the outer peripheral surface 411 of the clutch disc when the transmission device is in the enabled state, the actuator 43 does not squeeze the outer peripheral surface 411 of the clutch disc at all during the process of entering the disabled state, and does not generate friction to increase the resistance during operation and increase the working current of the motor 5.

[0099] Embodiment 2.

[0100] The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that an electromagnet with a different structure is used as the actuator. In this embodiment, the electromagnet is provided with two coils, and the elastic member 432 is not required. When the first coil is energized, the push rod 431 is pushed downward to approach the clutch disc 41, so that the curved portion 4354 of the friction plate 435 tangentially contacts the outer peripheral surface 411 of the clutch disc and generates a pressing force. When the push rod 431 is maintained in the first state for a predetermined time, the clutch disc 41 and the mating member 42 are meshed with each other, the first coil is de-energized, and the second coil is automatically energized, and the push rod 431 is pulled upward by the magnetic force to separate from the clutch disc 41 and enter the second state.

[0101] Embodiment three.

[0102] refer to Figures 23 to 25 The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the rotation load applying mechanism 43 includes a steering gear 4371 and a cam 4372, wherein the steering gear 4371 is used as an actuator and the cam 4372 is used as a rotation load applying member. Specifically, the steering gear 4371 drives the cam 4372 to rotate, and the controller 8 can pre-set the angle of rotation of the cam so that it can press against the clutch disc 41, and pre-set the time. Within the preset delay time, the clutch disc 41 approaches the mating member 42 and is fully engaged, and then the cam can automatically rotate and reset.

[0103] Embodiment 4.

[0104] refer to Fig.26 The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the rotation load applying mechanism 43 uses only one electromagnet as an actuator to drive two rotation load applying members at the same time. Specifically, the lower end of the push rod 431 of the electromagnet is connected to the two friction plates 435 through a bracket 438. The bracket 438 is constructed in a "Π" shape, including a cross bar 438a and a longitudinal bar 438b extending downward from both ends of the cross bar 438a. The lower end of the push rod 431 is connected to the cross bar 438a, and the two friction plates 435 are respectively connected to the two longitudinal bars 438b.

[0105] Embodiment five.

[0106] refer to Fig. 27 The difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is that the rotation load applying mechanism 43 uses only one servo 4371 as an actuator to drive two cams 4372 at the same time.

[0107] Embodiment six.

[0108] This embodiment provides a transmission system of a vehicle, specifically a transmission system of a self-propelled lawn mower, including any transmission device as described in the first to fifth embodiments above, and also including Fig.28The first motor stop module shown. When the motor 5 is turned off, the motor 5 is braked by the first motor stop module, and the first motor stop module stops the motor 5 quickly, ensuring that the clutch mechanism 4 quickly changes from the meshing state to the failure state.

[0109] In this embodiment, specifically, the first motor stop module is provided with a motor short-circuit circuit and a single-pole double-throw switch K1, the switch contacts S1 and S2 are connected to the motor power supply circuit, the switch contact S3 is connected to the motor short-circuit circuit, S1 and S2 are normally open contacts, and S1 and S3 are normally closed contacts.

[0110] When the motor 5 is started, S1 and S2 are connected, S1 and S3 are disconnected, and the controller 8 controls the rotation load applying mechanism 43 to act on the clutch mechanism 4, the clutch mechanism 4 becomes engaged, and the wheel 9 rotates under the drive of the motor 5. After the rotation load applying mechanism 43 acts on the clutch mechanism 4 for a predetermined time T1, the controller 8 controls the rotation load applying mechanism 43 to cancel the action on the clutch mechanism 4. In this embodiment, the first predetermined time T1 is 1s to 4s, and preferably T1 is 3s.

[0111] When the mowing operation is completed, the switch K1 is operated to disconnect S1 and S2 to immediately cut off the power supply to the motor, and at the same time S1 and S3 are connected to short-circuit the motor 5, so that the high-speed rotating motor 5 quickly releases energy and quickly stops rotating, thereby rapidly reducing the rotation speed of the active member 1 and the driven member 2, ensuring that the clutch mechanism 4 quickly changes from the engaged state to the failed state.

[0112] Embodiment seven.

[0113] This embodiment provides a vehicle transmission system that is substantially the same as that of the sixth embodiment. The difference from the sixth embodiment is that this embodiment adopts Fig.30 The second motor stopping module is shown.

[0114] In this embodiment, specifically, the second motor stopping module is provided with a motor short circuit loop and a double-pole double-throw switch K2, S1-S2 and S4-S5 are normally open contacts, and S1-S3 and S4-S6 are normally closed contacts.

[0115] When the motor 5 is started, S1-S2 and S4-S5 are turned on at the same time, the controller 8 controls the rotation load applying mechanism 43 to act on the clutch mechanism 4, the clutch mechanism 4 becomes engaged, and the wheel 9 rotates in the first direction driven by the motor 5. After the rotation load applying mechanism 43 acts on the clutch mechanism 4 for a predetermined time, the controller 8 controls the rotation load applying mechanism 43 to cancel the action on the clutch mechanism 4.

[0116] When the mowing operation is completed, the switch K2 is operated to disconnect S1-S2 and S4-S5 at the same time to immediately cut off the power supply to the motor, and at the same time S1-S3 and S4-S6 are connected to short-circuit the motor 5, so that the high-speed rotating motor 5 quickly releases energy and quickly stops rotating, thereby rapidly reducing the rotation speed of the active member 1 and the driven member 2, ensuring that the clutch mechanism 4 quickly changes from the meshing state to the failure state, thereby improving the reliability of the clutch mechanism 4 quickly failing when the motor 5 is turned off.

[0117] Embodiment eight.

[0118] This embodiment provides a transmission system of a vehicle, specifically a transmission system of a self-propelled lawn mower, including any transmission device as described in the first to fifth embodiments above, and also including Fig.31 The first motor reversing module shown in the figure includes an H-bridge circuit.

[0119] When the controller 8 receives the instruction to start the motor 5 , the controller 8 controls the MOS tubes Q1 and Q4 to be turned on, and the MOS tubes Q2 and Q3 to be turned off. At this time, the motor 5 rotates forward, driving the driven member 2 to rotate in the first rotation direction.

[0120] When the controller 8 receives the instruction to stop the motor 5 , the controller 8 controls the MOS tubes Q2 and Q4 to be turned on, and the MOS tubes Q1 and Q3 to be turned off. At this time, the motor 5 stops rotating rapidly due to being short-circuited.

[0121] When the motor 5 stops rotating completely (for example, a predetermined time after the controller 8 receives the instruction to stop the motor 5), the controller 8 controls the MOS tubes Q3 and Q2 to be turned on, and the MOS tubes Q1 and Q4 to be turned off. At this time, the motor 5 reverses and drives the driven member 2 to rotate in a direction opposite to the first rotation direction, further improving the reliability of the clutch mechanism 4 to fail quickly when the motor 5 is turned off.

[0122] In this embodiment, the circuit of the motor 5 can be disconnected after the motor 5 is reversed for a second predetermined time (T2).

[0123] The above-mentioned instructions for starting the motor 5 and the instructions for stopping the motor 5 generally refer to instructions given by the operator to the controller 8 through a mechanical switch or a wireless terminal.

[0124] Embodiment 9.

[0125] This embodiment provides a vehicle transmission system that is substantially the same as that of the eighth embodiment. The difference from the eighth embodiment is that this embodiment adopts Fig.32 The second motor reversing module shown in the figure includes a motor forward connection circuit, a motor reverse connection circuit, a relay J and a double-pole double-throw switch K3 controlled by the relay J.

[0126] When the controller receives the instruction to start the motor 5, the controller 8 controls the switch K3 through the relay J to turn on S1-S2 and S4-S5 at the same time, and controls the MOS tube Q41 to turn on. At this time, the motor 5 rotates forward and drives the driven member 2 to rotate in the first rotation direction.

[0127] When the controller receives the instruction to stop the motor 5, the controller 8 controls the switch K3 through the relay J to turn on S1-S3 and S4-S6 at the same time, and controls the MOS tube Q41 to turn off. At this time, the motor 5 stops rotating quickly due to the short circuit.

[0128] When the motor 5 stops rotating completely (for example, a predetermined time after the controller 8 receives the command to stop the motor 5), the controller 8 controls the MOS tube Q41 to be turned on. At this time, the motor 5 reverses and drives the driven member 2 to rotate in a direction opposite to the first rotation direction, further improving the reliability of the clutch mechanism 4 to fail quickly when the motor 5 is turned off.

[0129] In this embodiment, after the motor 5 is reversed for a third predetermined time (T3), the controller 8 controls the MOS tube Q41 to be turned off.

[0130] Embodiment ten.

[0131] This embodiment provides a transmission system for a vehicle, including a transmission device and a motor anti-rotation module. The transmission device in this embodiment is similar to any transmission device in Embodiments 1 to 5, except that the transmission device in this embodiment includes a rotation load applying member 4302 that permanently provides resistance to the clutch plate 41, and further does not include an actuator 4301 that drives the rotation load applying member 4302 to move. The motor anti-rotation module in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 6 or Embodiment 7.

[0132] Embodiment eleven.

[0133] This embodiment provides a transmission device for a vehicle, which is an improvement on any transmission device in Embodiments 1 to 10. Fig.33 As shown, in this embodiment, a reset member 44 is provided between the clutch disc 41 and the fitting member 42. The reset member 44 is specifically constructed as a spring, which is compressed and arranged between the clutch disc 41 and the fitting member 42, so that the clutch disc 41 has a tendency to move away from the fitting member 42, that is, the reset member 44 makes the clutch mechanism 4 have a tendency to maintain a failure state. Furthermore, the maximum elastic force provided by the reset member 44 to the clutch disc 41 should be less than the axial force component received by the clutch disc 41 when the third inclined surface 4211 applies force to the second inclined surface 4131. The use of the reset member 44 can ensure that the clutch mechanism 4 stably maintains a failure state, and the clutch disc 41 will not accidentally engage due to axial movement of the clutch disc 41 due to vibration or other reasons, which greatly improves the stability and safety of the transmission device.

[0134] Embodiment 12.

[0135] This embodiment provides a transmission device for a vehicle, which is an improvement on any transmission device in Embodiments 1 to 11.

[0136] As one aspect of this embodiment, for the technical solution of using a translational rotating load applying member 4302 (such as the friction plate 435 in the first, second and fourth embodiments), as shown in FIG. Fig.34 As shown, the movement direction YY of the rotating load applying member 4302 and the normal direction XX of the working plane are no longer substantially parallel to each other as in the previous embodiment, but form an angle α.

[0137] As another aspect of this embodiment, for the technical solution of using a rotating load applying member 4302 (such as the cam 4372 in the third and fifth embodiments), as shown in FIG. Fig.35 As shown, the extension direction ZZ of the line connecting the rotation center of the rotating load applying member to the rotation center of the wheel driving member 3 is no longer substantially parallel to the normal direction XX of the working plane as in the previous embodiment, but forms an angle α.

[0138] In this embodiment, 10°≤α≤20°; preferably, 10°≤α≤15°; more preferably, α=13°. The setting of the angle α can reduce the radial impact force on the rotating load applying mechanism 43 caused by the friction between the clutch disc 41 and the rotating load applying member 4302.

[0139] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of feasible implementation methods of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent implementation methods or changes that do not deviate from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transmission device for a vehicle, comprising: Prime mover; The active part driven by the prime mover; A driven member, which is rotationally driven by the driving member; a wheel drive that drives the wheels of the vehicle; A clutch mechanism comprises: a clutch disc, which is mounted on the wheel drive member so as to rotate freely and is mounted so as to move axially in the direction of approaching and moving away from the driven member; a mating member, which is rotationally connected to the wheel drive member; a rotational load applying mechanism, which in a first state contacts and presses on the outer periphery of the clutch disc to move the clutch disc away from the driven member to couple with the mating member, so that the driven member drives the wheel drive member to rotate through the clutch mechanism; and in a second state, disengages from the outer periphery of the clutch disc; and a controller, which controls the rotational load applying mechanism to enter a second state after being in the first state for a predetermined period of time.

2. The transmission device of a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A reset member is provided between the clutch disc and the matching member, and the reset member makes the clutch disc tend to move away from the matching member.

3. The transmission device for a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation load applying mechanism includes a push rod, which moves toward the clutch disc under the action of a first force in a first state and moves away from the clutch disc under the action of a second force in a second state.

4. The transmission device for a vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotational load application mechanism also includes an elastic member that limits the push rod from moving toward the direction approaching the clutch disk. In a first state, the push rod is acted upon by a first force to overcome the restriction of the elastic member and move toward the direction approaching the clutch disk to form contact pressure on the outer periphery of the clutch disk. In a second state, the push rod loses the action of the first force and returns to its initial position under the action of the restoring force of the elastic member.

5. The transmission device for a vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotary load applying mechanism also includes a coil and an armature, the elastic member is a spring, and the push rod is arranged on the armature. In the first state, the coil is energized, and the armature pushes the push rod to overcome the spring restriction and move toward the clutch disk under the action of the magnetic force generated by the coil so that the push rod forms a contact pressure on the outer periphery of the clutch disk. In the second state, the coil is de-energized, the armature loses the magnetic force and pulls the push rod back to the initial position under the action of the spring restoring force.

6. The transmission device for a vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The armature and the push rod are arranged in one piece.

7. The transmission device for a vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotation load applying mechanism further includes a rotation load applying member; the rotation load applying mechanism forms a contact pressure on the outer peripheral edge of the clutch disc through the rotation load applying member.

8. The transmission device for a vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rotation load applying member is configured as a friction plate having a bent portion formed at a free end thereof to tangentially contact with an outer peripheral edge of a clutch plate.

9. The transmission device for a vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The controller is configured to energize the coil and de-energize the coil after a delay of the predetermined time.

10. The vehicle transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation load applying mechanism includes a rotation load applying member that applies a rotation resistance to the clutch plate, and also includes an actuator that drives the rotation load applying member to operate.

11. The vehicle transmission system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The rotation load applying member is configured as a cam, and the actuating member is configured as a steering gear.

12. The vehicle transmission system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The rotating load applying member is configured to perform translational motion; an angle α is formed between the moving direction of the rotating load applying member and the normal direction of the working plane, and 10°≤α≤20°; wherein the working plane refers to a plane defined by the wheels of the vehicle.

13. The vehicle transmission system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The rotating load applying member is configured to perform rotational motion; an angle α is formed between an extension direction of a line from a rotation center of the rotating load applying member to a rotation center of the wheel driving member and a normal direction of a working plane, and 10°≤α≤20°; wherein the working plane refers to a plane determined by the wheels of the vehicle.

14. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle is equipped with a transmission according to any one of claims 1-13.

15. A vehicle according to claim 14, characterized in that: The vehicle is a lawn mower.

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