Blast hole depth measuring device and preparation method and application method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a blast hole depth measuring device and a preparation method and an application method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of mining blasting. The blast hole depth measuring device comprises a measuring rope with scales and a heavy hammer, and a through hole is formed in the heavy hammer so that the measuring rope can be bound to the heavy hammer; the heavy hammer is obtained by solidifying slurry formed by mixing components including cement mortar and basalt fibers, the weight of the cement mortar is 97-98.45 parts by weight, and the weight of the basalt fibers is 1.55-3 parts by weight. Compared with an existing blast hole depth measuring device, the heavy hammer is made of the cement-based basalt fiber composite material, the production safety can be improved, and economic losses are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a blasthole depth measuring device and a preparation method and an application method thereof, belonging to the technical field of mining blasting. Background Art

[0002] With the development of mining technology, there are many successful cases of large-scale and efficient mining by medium-deep hole blasting technology in open-pit mines at home and abroad. In addition, medium-deep hole blasting technology is also widely used in excavation of raised shafts to manage goaf areas. Medium-deep hole blasting is the main blasting method widely used in mine stripping, mining, water conservancy projects and railway excavation. In open-pit bench blasting and side wall pre-splitting blasting, blasthole depth measurement is particularly important for charging and controlling blasting effects.

[0003] In order to avoid water accumulation in the blasthole and to facilitate the grasp of the actual hole depth, it is necessary to grasp the basic data such as the actual hole depth and hole spacing of each blasthole before each blasting, so as to formulate a scientific and reasonable blasting plan. Therefore, accurately measuring the blasthole depth and providing basic data for the deep hole blasting plan are of great significance to ensure the successful blasting of medium and deep holes. Traditional blasthole depth measurement is mostly done by hanging a weight at the bottom of the measuring rope and placing it in the blasthole. The measuring rope value can be read when the weight touches the bottom. The weight is usually a metal cone, which can easily damage the mineral processing equipment. For this reason, it is necessary to develop a safer blasthole depth measurement device. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a blasthole depth measuring device, which has high safety. The present invention also provides a preparation method and an application method of the blasthole depth measuring device.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the first aspect of the present invention provides a blasthole depth measuring device, comprising a weight and a measuring rope with a scale, wherein a through hole is provided in the weight so that the measuring rope with a scale can be tied to the weight. The weight is obtained by solidifying a slurry formed by mixing components including cement mortar and basalt fiber, wherein the cement mortar is 97-98.45 parts by weight and the basalt fiber is 1.55-3 parts by weight.

[0006] In existing blasthole depth measuring devices, the weight is mostly a conical structure made of metal. However, in practice, the metal weight is easy to fall off and fall into the blasthole, causing damage to ore crushing machinery, mineral processing equipment, etc., which not only brings economic losses, but also poses safety hazards. The blasthole depth measuring device provided by the present invention, wherein the weight is made of inorganic non-metallic material or has inorganic non-metallic material as the main component. Specifically, the material of the weight is a cement-based basalt fiber composite material, and the friction of the composite material is stronger, so it can be firmly bound to the measuring rope and is not easy to fall off; and even if it falls off and falls into the blasthole, it can be broken by explosives or special mechanical equipment, avoiding damage to ore crushing machinery, mineral processing equipment, etc., thereby improving production safety and avoiding economic losses.

[0007] In addition, the existing heavy hammers made of metal or plastic materials are prone to generate static electricity when measuring the depth of explosive charging, thereby bringing hidden safety hazards to blasting operations. In contrast, the heavy hammer of the present invention is made of inorganic non-metallic materials or has inorganic non-metallic materials as the main component, thereby effectively avoiding production safety problems caused by static electricity.

[0008] In addition, in the cement-based basalt fiber composite material, the strength and rigidity of the heavy hammer are guaranteed through the coordination of the various components, especially the use of basalt fiber materials, and the problem of the heavy hammer made of other brittle materials being fragile when hitting the wall of the blast hole is overcome; and the large proportion of cement ensures that the cement-based basalt fiber composite material has a higher density as a whole, and can also overcome the problem of the difficulty of sinking the sinker in the water-containing blast hole, so it has a wide range of applications.

[0009] In the cement-based basalt fiber composite material, the cement mortar used therein may be a cement mortar with a strength grade not less than M5 as specified in the industry standard of the People's Republic of China "JGJ / T 70-2009 Standard for Basic Performance Test Methods of Building Mortar", for example, a mortar with a strength grade of M5, M7.5, M10, M15, M20, M25, and M30. In the specific implementation process, the cement mortar includes cement and medium sand with a water content of 2.5%, wherein the actual strength of the cement is 32.5MPa, and the mass ratio of cement to medium sand is 1:5.23.

[0010] Basalt fiber is a continuous fiber drawn from natural basalt, generally by melting basalt ore at high temperature and drawing it. Studies have shown that basalt fiber is composed of oxides such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, iron oxide and titanium dioxide. Basalt continuous fiber not only has high strength, but also has many excellent properties such as electrical insulation, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance. In the specific implementation process, the specifications of the basalt fiber used are as follows: length ≥10mm (short cut), thickness ≥0.05mm, compressive strength ≥950MPa, density ≥1.1kg / m 3 .

[0011] In one implementation of the present invention, based on the total weight of the slurry as 100 parts, the cement mortar is 97 to 98.45 parts by weight, the basalt fiber is 1.55 to 3 parts by weight, and the sum of the weights is 100 parts. In another implementation of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned cement mortar and basalt fiber, appropriate additives can be added according to the actual measurement needs, such as by adding plasticizers to further optimize the performance of cement-based basalt fiber composite materials, and by adding an appropriate amount of pigment to make the color of the heavy hammer more eye-catching, convenient for actual operation, and also increase the aesthetics. The amount of additives can be reasonably adjusted according to the type of additives, actual measurement requirements, etc. In general, the amount of additives in the slurry does not exceed 0.5 parts by weight. In specific practice, based on the total weight of the slurry as 100 parts, if additives are added, the amount of cement mortar can be appropriately reduced.

[0012] In the present invention, the weight may specifically be in the shape of a spherical table. The so-called "spherical table" can be regarded as a sphere cut by two parallel planes, and the part of the sphere sandwiched between the two sections. The diameter d0 of the spherical table is the diameter of the sphere, and the distance between the two sections is the height h of the spherical table. In the present invention, for the convenience of distinction and subsequent structural description, the two sections are respectively referred to as the top surface and the bottom surface of the spherical table, and the diameters of the two are respectively recorded as d1 and d2. It is not difficult to understand that, among the top surface and the bottom surface of the spherical table, the diameter of one of them is smaller than the diameter of the spherical table, and the diameter of the other is not larger than the diameter of the spherical table, for example, d1<d0 and d2≤d0.

[0013] The central axis of the through hole of the ball table passes through the center of the top and bottom surfaces; or, in other words, the center of the top and bottom surfaces of the ball table are both located on the central axis of the through hole. For example, when the through hole is cylindrical, the center of its radial cross section is on the same straight line as the center of the top and bottom surfaces.

[0014] In the first implementation of the present invention, the top surface and the bottom surface of the ball table are both located on the same side of the center of the ball. In other words, the diameter of the radial cross section of the ball table increases or decreases in the direction from the top surface to the bottom surface. In the second implementation, the top surface and the bottom surface of the ball table are respectively located on both sides of the center of the ball. In other words, the diameter of the radial cross section of the ball table increases first and then decreases in the direction from the top surface to the bottom surface. In actual operation, the weight in the second implementation is generally selected, and the weight is approximately in the shape of a drum. In addition, the sizes of the top surface and the bottom surface tend to be consistent.

[0015] Of course, it is not difficult to understand that the actual specifications of the weight depend on the specific conditions of the blast hole. For example, the diameter of the weight should be slightly smaller than the diameter of the blast hole. For example, if the diameter of the blast hole is 140mm-165mm, the diameter of the ball table can be controlled at about 120mm.

[0016] In traditional blasthole depth measuring devices, the weights are mostly conical structures, and a small number of them are made of natural stones. However, the weights of the above two structures have edges and corners. If there are faults, joints and fissures in the rock, the special-shaped weights are easy to get stuck when measuring the hole after drilling. If the measuring rope (or measuring rope) is not strong enough, the weight is very easy to get stuck in the blasthole and difficult to remove. The blasthole depth measuring device of the present invention has a spherical table-shaped weight that overcomes the problem of the special-shaped weight (sink) in the traditional measuring device being easily stuck, and at the same time avoids the impact of the special-shaped sinker on the explosive when measuring the charge depth.

[0017] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a blasthole depth measuring device, comprising the following steps: mixing components including cement mortar and basalt fiber to obtain a slurry, wherein the cement mortar is 97 to 98.45 parts by weight and the basalt fiber is 1.55 to 3 parts by weight; pouring the slurry into a mold for pre-forming, and solidifying after demolding to obtain a weight, wherein a through hole is provided in the weight so that a measuring rope with a scale can be tied to the weight.

[0018] The cement mortar may be a cement mortar with a strength grade of M5 or higher according to industry standards, which will not be described in detail here. The specific specifications of the basalt fiber are as follows: length ≥ 10 mm (short cut), thickness ≥ 0.05 mm, compressive strength ≥ 950 MPa, density ≥ 1.1 kg / m 3 .

[0019] In addition to cement mortar and basalt fiber, the above-mentioned components for preparing the slurry may also include additives such as pigments and plasticizers. The amount of the additives generally does not exceed 0.5 parts by weight, and the specific amount can be reasonably adjusted according to factors such as the type of additives and actual measurement requirements.

[0020] The present invention does not specifically limit the specific process of preparing the slurry, as long as the components are fully mixed to avoid agglomeration. In one implementation, in order to facilitate on-site operation, the solid materials are fully mixed before adding water. In addition, in the process of preparing the slurry, the amount of water should not be too much. It is best to add water slowly in small amounts and multiple times to avoid excessive moisture content in the slurry that affects subsequent preforming and drying. In another implementation, the finished mortar is fully stirred with basalt fiber and possible additives to obtain a uniformly mixed slurry.

[0021] Before pouring the slurry into the mold, it is best to apply butter on the inner wall of the mold to prevent subsequent demoulding difficulties. After demoulding, the preformed ball table structure can be placed in a ventilated and dry environment to fully harden. Generally, for a ball table with a diameter of 120mm, the hardening time is usually 2-3 days. Of course, after the solidification and hardening is completed, it is necessary to check the appearance of the weight to ensure that there is no damaged or worn part to avoid affecting the measurement results.

[0022] The blasthole depth measuring device provided by the present invention can be quickly manufactured and used in field or on-site work, and therefore has very high practicality and is convenient for actual large-scale promotion and application.

[0023] A third aspect of the present invention provides an application method of a blasthole depth measuring device, comprising:

[0024] Pass one end of the measuring rope through the through hole of the weight and tie it to the weight;

[0025] Suspend a heavy hammer in the hole to be measured and control the heavy hammer to descend in the hole to be measured until the heavy hammer touches the bottom of the hole to be measured or touches the explosives set at the bottom of the hole to be measured, and read the scale on the measuring rope.

[0026] In actual production, the tied weight can be placed in the hole to be measured along the depth direction of the hole to be measured, ensuring that the measuring rope is completely vertical and the weight is freely suspended in the hole to be measured. When the weight touches the bottom of the hole or the explosive, the measuring rope is tightened, and the scale marked on the measuring rope is recorded at this time. Use a ruler or tape measure to measure the distance between the scale on the measuring rope and the starting position to obtain the depth of the hole to be measured or the height of the charge, and then record the measurement results and perform necessary data processing and analysis.

[0027] The blasthole depth measuring device provided by the present invention has a heavy hammer made of cement-based basalt fiber composite material or a cement-based basalt fiber composite material as the main component. On the one hand, the strength and rigidity of the heavy hammer itself can be guaranteed to meet the blasthole depth measurement requirements; on the other hand, compared with the traditional metal heavy hammer, it can avoid damage to ore crushing machinery and mineral processing equipment, improve production safety, and avoid economic losses. And compared with the existing heavy hammers made of metal or plastic materials, it can also avoid the generation of static electricity, thereby eliminating the safety hazards of blasting operations and further improving production safety. In addition, the strength and rigidity of the heavy hammer itself can also solve the problem that the existing brittle material heavy hammer is fragile when it hits the blasthole wall.

[0028] Furthermore, the weight adopts a spherical table structure. Compared with the existing conical weight or other angular weights, it can overcome the problem of easy jamming of the special-shaped weight in the existing measuring device, and can also avoid the impact of the special-shaped weight on the explosive when measuring the charging depth.

[0029] The preparation method of the blasthole depth measuring device provided by the present invention has a simple process and can be manufactured and used in field or on-site operations, so it is highly practical and convenient for actual large-scale promotion and application.

[0030] The application method of the blasthole depth measuring device provided by the present invention has simple steps and is easy to operate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A side view of a weight in a blasthole depth measuring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 A top view of a weight in a blasthole depth measuring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 A real photo of a heavy hammer in a blasthole depth measuring device provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a blasthole depth measuring device provided in one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] This embodiment provides a blasthole depth measuring device and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1. 98.45 parts by weight of cement mortar and 1.55 parts by weight of basalt fiber are fully mixed to obtain a relatively uniform slurry, wherein the cement mortar is a cement mortar with a strength grade of M5 as specified in the industry standard "JGJ / T 70-2009 Standard for Test Methods for Basic Properties of Building Mortar", the sand used is medium sand with a moisture content of 2.5%, the actual strength of the cement used is 32.5MPa, and the mass ratio of cement to medium sand is 1:5.23; the specifications of the basalt fiber are as follows: length ≥10mm (short cut), thickness ≥0.05mm, compressive strength ≥950MPa, density ≥1.1kg / m 3 .

[0039] S2. Apply butter on the inner surface of the mold to prevent subsequent demoulding difficulties, and then inject the slurry into the mold to press it into a spherical table shape, and a through hole is provided in the spherical table shape structure;

[0040] S3, demoulding, and then hardening in a ventilated and dry environment to obtain a heavy hammer.

[0041] During the above process, please note the following:

[0042] 1) When mixing the materials, first mix the solid materials evenly, and then add water to ensure that the materials are mixed as evenly as possible to avoid problems such as agglomeration caused by uneven mixing;

[0043] 2) During the mixing process, water should be added in small amounts and multiple times, or slowly, to ensure successful demoulding of the slurry and maximize drying and hardening efficiency;

[0044] 3) It needs to be hardened in a ventilated and dry environment. The hardening time is usually 2-3 days, which will be adjusted according to the amount of water and size.

[0045] Figure 1 and Figure 2 They are respectively a side view and a top view of the weight hammer made in this embodiment. Figure 1 and Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram only. Figure 1 In this embodiment, the weight 10 is in the shape of a spherical table, including a parallel top surface 11 and a bottom surface 12, and a side surface 13 located between the top surface 11 and the bottom surface 12. A through hole 14 is provided in the weight 10, and the central axis of the through hole 14 is parallel to the height direction of the weight 10, and the central axis of the through hole 14 passes through the center of the top surface 11 and the bottom surface 12 respectively. In this embodiment, the radial cross section of the through hole 14 is circular.

[0046] The weight 10 in this embodiment has a ball table diameter d0 of about 120 mm, a top surface 11 diameter d1 of about 75.73 mm, a bottom surface 12 diameter d2 of about 75.73 mm, a ball table height h of about 93.09 mm, and a through hole 14 diameter d3 of about 10 mm. The weight 10 and the blasthole depth measuring device can be applied to blastholes with a hole diameter of 140 mm-165 mm.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] The present embodiment provides a blasthole depth measuring device and a preparation method thereof. The preparation process is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that the composition of the slurry in step S1 is: 98.45 parts by weight of cement mortar, 1.45 parts by weight of basalt fiber, and 0.1 parts by weight of pink pigment, wherein the specifications of the cement mortar and basalt fiber are the same as those of Example 1.

[0049] The structure of the weight in the blasthole depth measuring device of this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1. Figure 1 and Figure 2 , no more details. Figure 3 is a real picture of the heavy hammer in this embodiment. Figure 3 It can be seen that the entire weight is in the shape of a spherical table and its color is pink and gray.

[0050] Application Example 1

[0051] This application example provides an application method of the blasthole depth measuring device in the above-mentioned embodiments 1-2, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0052] S10. Pass a rope or cord with scales (hereinafter collectively referred to as a rope) through the through hole of the heavy hammer in Example 1 or Example 2, and fix it by tying or tying a knot to ensure that the length of the rope or cord is sufficient to cover the depth of the entire hole.

[0053] S20. Use a ruler or measuring tape to mark each fixed interval of the rope, for example, every 0.5m or 1m, and make clear and legible marks on the rope; if a rope with its own scale is used, the ruler or measuring tape should be used to recalibrate the scale accuracy. Figure 4 As shown, the blasthole depth measuring device comprises a weight 10 and a measuring rope 20 with a scale, wherein the measuring rope 20 is a rope with a scale or a rope marked with a scale.

[0054] S30, place the weight vertically into the hole to be tested, ensure that the rope is completely vertical, and the weight is freely suspended in the hole to be tested, then slowly loosen the rope to move the weight toward the bottom of the hole to be tested, and when the weight touches the bottom of the hole or the explosives arranged at the bottom of the hole, tighten the rope and record the scale marked on the rope. Use a ruler or tape measure to measure the distance between the current scale of the rope and the starting position to obtain the depth of the hole or the height of the charge.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blasthole depth measuring device, characterized in that: It comprises a weight and a measuring rope with a scale, wherein the weight is provided with a through hole so that the measuring rope can be tied to the weight; The weight is obtained by mixing components including cement mortar and basalt fiber to form a slurry and then solidifying it, wherein the cement mortar is 97-98.45 parts by weight and the basalt fiber is 1.55-3 parts by weight.

2. The blasthole depth measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strength grade of the cement mortar is M5 or higher; and / or the length of the basalt fiber is not less than 10 mm, the thickness is not less than 0.05 mm, the compressive strength is not less than 950 MPa, and the density is not less than 1.1 kg / m 3 .

3. The blasthole depth measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slurry further includes no more than 0.5 parts by weight of an auxiliary agent.

4. The blasthole depth measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The weight is in the shape of a spherical table, including a top surface and a bottom surface arranged in parallel, and a side surface connected between the top surface and the bottom surface, wherein the central axis of the through hole passes through the center of the top surface and the bottom surface.

5. The blasthole depth measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top surface and the bottom surface of the heavy hammer are located on both sides of the ball center of the table.

6. The blasthole depth measuring device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The diameter of the top surface is the same as the diameter of the bottom surface.

7. A method for preparing a blasthole depth measuring device, characterized in that: The steps include: Mixing components including cement mortar and basalt fiber to obtain a slurry, wherein the cement mortar is 97 to 98.45 parts by weight and the basalt fiber is 1.55 to 3 parts by weight; The slurry is poured into a mold for pre-forming, and solidified after demoulding to obtain a weight. A through hole is provided in the weight so that a measuring rope with a scale can be tied to the weight.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The strength grade of the cement mortar is M5 or higher.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The weight is in the shape of a spherical table, including a top surface and a bottom surface arranged in parallel, and a side surface connected between the top surface and the bottom surface, wherein the central axis of the through hole passes through the center of the top surface and the bottom surface.

10. The application method of the blasthole depth measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Pass one end of the measuring rope through the through hole of the weight and tie it to the weight; The weight is suspended in the hole to be measured and controlled to descend in the hole to be measured until the weight touches the bottom of the hole to be measured or touches the explosives arranged at the bottom of the hole to be measured, and the scale on the measuring rope is read.

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