This invention discloses a precision molding die,
system, and method suitable for microgravity environments, belonging to the field of on-
orbit manufacturing technology. The die is a four-layer functionally graded structure integrally formed using additive
manufacturing technology, comprising, from the inside out, a model chamber layer, a dense venting chamber wall layer, a porous support
buffer zone, and a dense interface shell layer, integrating five major functions: molding, venting, support, heat dissipation, and
system interface. The
system includes a heat insulation module, an
electric heating layer, a cooling unit, and a vacuum system. A valve switching unit shares a single gas interface in the porous support
buffer zone of the die, enabling switching between vacuuming, pressure protection, and
active cooling functions. The material melt supply module uses a
piston-type
pressure vessel, suitable for conveying various materials such as
molten metal and molten plastic. The method includes steps such as vacuuming, preheating, synergistic pressure differential filling, pressure holding and feeding,
active cooling, and part removal. This invention also provides a pressure protection scheme for volatile alloys, by filling the porous support
buffer zone with a protective gas equal to or greater than the saturated
vapor pressure of the volatile
metal, thermodynamically completely suppressing
metal vaporization. This invention solves the problems of material melt filling and heat dissipation under microgravity, providing a complete space manufacturing solution that combines high efficiency, high performance, and high flexibility. This invention can be widely applied to
metal investment casting,
plastic injection molding, resin molding, and other processes requiring precise control of fluid filling and cooling.