Aluminum electrolysis starting system and starting method

Abstract

The aluminum electrolysis starting system and method are used for starting an aluminum electrolysis system comprising at least one aluminum electrolysis cell, and aluminum electrolysis starting equipment is arranged in the aluminum electrolysis cell prefilled with electrolyte powder and used for starting the aluminum electrolysis cell. The control equipment is used for controlling the aluminum electrolysis starting equipment; the shunt is connected in parallel with the aluminum electrolysis cell and is used for adjusting the current passing through the aluminum electrolysis cell by adjusting the resistance of the shunt during starting; the two-man ladle molten salt furnace is used for filling molten mass into the aluminum electrolysis cell in the later starting period of the aluminum electrolysis cell, and after the electrolyte liquid level reaches the designed height, the heaters are sequentially replaced with anodes. The device is suitable for starting by a dry-wet combination method, electrolyte powder is directly melted in the aluminum electrolysis cell, the heater enables the temperature of the whole aluminum electrolysis cell to be more uniform when the aluminum electrolysis cell is started, the electrolyte melted by the two-man ladle molten salt furnace is filled, the level of liquid electrolyte in the electrolysis cell meets the requirement, and therefore more efficient and ideal starting of the aluminum electrolysis cell is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, and in particular relates to an aluminum electrolysis starting system and a starting method. Background Art

[0002] In the aluminum electrolysis system, new aluminum electrolytic cells and overhauled cells need to go through the roasting start-up and initial production stages before they can be transferred to normal production. At present, there are three main roasting start-up methods for large pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cells in China: aluminum liquid roasting start-up method, fuel roasting start-up method and calcined coke roasting start-up method. These three start-up methods each have their own advantages and disadvantages:

[0003] The aluminum liquid roasting start-up method is to pour a certain amount of aluminum liquid into the electrolytic cell to cover the cathode surface and contact with the anode to form a current loop. After the electrolytic cell is powered on, heat is generated to roast the electrolytic cell. This method is easy to operate, but its roasting time is long, and the current is uneven during the roasting process, resulting in a large thermal shock. In addition, the aluminum liquid penetrates into the lining, which will affect the life of the electrolytic cell.

[0004] The fuel roasting start-up method is to roast the electrolytic cell by burning fuel to generate flames between the cathode and the anode. This method has a short roasting time and low cost. However, this method has a shallow heat transfer layer and shallow temperature penetration, and cannot directly melt the electrolyte.

[0005] The roasting start-up method of calcined coke particles is currently the most widely used roasting start-up method. This method is to cover the cathode surface in the electrolytic cell with a layer of coke material and contact it with the anode to form a current loop. After the electrolytic cell is powered on, heat is generated to roast the electrolytic cell. This method has a short roasting time and high efficiency, and can prevent the influence of aluminum liquid penetration on the cell life. However, since the particle size of the coke particles cannot be completely uniform, this method also has problems such as uneven current during roasting, easy local overheating, and poor roasting of the cell edge.

[0006] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a new aluminum electrolysis starting device is needed, which can better control the current, heating temperature and heating uniformity in the current circuit during the startup process of the aluminum electrolysis cell, so as to achieve a better aluminum electrolysis cell startup effect. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an aluminum electrolysis starting system, which is suitable for dry and wet starting. By regulating the current in the electrolytic cell through a shunt and adding high-temperature liquid electrolyte in the later stage, the temperature of the entire aluminum electrolytic cell can be uniformly and controllably raised during startup.

[0008] The present invention achieves the above technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0009] An aluminum electrolysis startup system, used for starting an aluminum electrolysis system including at least one aluminum electrolysis cell, comprising:

[0010] Aluminum electrolysis start-up equipment, used to start aluminum electrolysis cells; and

[0011] A control device, used to control the aluminum electrolysis starting device;

[0012] Wherein, the aluminum electrolysis startup equipment includes a plurality of heaters, a plurality of diverters and a plurality of ladle melting salt furnaces;

[0013] The heater is disposed in the electrolytic cell pre-filled with electrolyte powder, and is used to heat and melt the electrolyte powder in the aluminum electrolytic cell to form an electrolyte melt;

[0014] The shunt is connected in parallel with the aluminum electrolytic cell. In the aluminum electrolysis system with constant current, it is mainly used to adjust the size of the current passing through the aluminum electrolytic cell by adjusting its own resistance during the startup process; the temperature rises slowly in the initial stage of startup, and it is necessary to dry the water vapor of the electrolyte powder and the insulation material in the electrolytic cell. At this time, by reducing the shunt resistance, most of the current passes through the shunt, and a small part of the current passes through the electrolytic cell, so as to achieve the purpose of slow temperature rise. In the middle of the startup, the temperature rise should be fast. At this time, by increasing the shunt resistance, a small part of the current passes through the shunt, and most of the current passes through the electrolytic cell, so as to achieve the purpose of rapid temperature rise. When changing the pole, the heater and electrode resistance cannot be consistent. At this time, as the pole change is gradually carried out, it is necessary to ensure that the current in the electrolytic cell also rises slowly. At this time, the shunt resistance should be slowly increased until the pole is changed and the shunt is disconnected and evacuated.

[0015] The ladle molten salt furnace is used to heat the electrolyte powder into a molten body outside the aluminum electrolysis cell. The formed molten body is poured into the aluminum electrolysis cell in the later stage of the aluminum electrolysis cell startup. After the electrolyte liquid level reaches the designed height, the pole replacement can be started, that is, the heater is replaced with the anode in sequence.

[0016] In the above solution, the diverter includes:

[0017] Resistance adjustment system,

[0018] The resistance adjustment system includes a terminal positive busbar, a terminal negative busbar, a shunt resistor and an opening and closing cylinder; the terminal positive busbar and the terminal negative busbar are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the aluminum electrolytic cell through busbars; the shunt resistor is multi-stage adjustable, and each stage of the resistor includes multiple resistors with different resistances, and the resistors are installed on the heat dissipation cold plate of the cooling system, and one end of each stage of the resistor is fixedly connected to the terminal negative busbar, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting flexible busbar; the other end of each connecting flexible busbar is connected to the piston of the same opening and closing cylinder and is insulated from each other; the connecting flexible busbar moves within the extension and contraction stroke of the cylinder, and when the piston is extended, the connecting flexible busbar is connected to the piston of the opening and closing cylinder and the terminal positive busbar is connected, and at this time, the resistor of this stage is connected in parallel to the resistance adjustment system to start the shunt work;

[0019] Cooling system,

[0020] A cooling system is used to cool the shunt resistor.

[0021] In the above scheme, the cooling system includes:

[0022] The heat dissipation cold plate is installed under the shunt resistor. There is an oil circuit in the heat dissipation cold plate. Cooling oil flows through the oil circuit. The oil circuit in the heat dissipation cold plate is connected to the heat dissipation oil pipe. The cooling oil transfers the heat generated by the resistor to the heat exchange system through the heat dissipation oil pipe.

[0023] The heat dissipation oil pipe is one or more closed heat transfer channels with cooling oil inside. When working, the cooling oil circulates in one direction in the heat dissipation oil pipe under the action of the oil pump;

[0024] The heat exchange system is used to process the heat brought by the cooling oil from the resistor to cool the cooling oil.

[0025] The control system controls the opening and closing of the opening and closing cylinder to realize the operation of the shunt resistor; controls the temperature rise by controlling the flow and speed of the cooling oil: including the solenoid valve action control cylinder, adjusting the opening of the electric control valve in the oil circuit through temperature monitoring and feedback to control the flow of cooling oil, so that the temperature of the system is controlled within the working temperature.

[0026] In the above scheme, the heaters are arranged sequentially along the length direction of the aluminum electrolytic cell, the lower part of the heater is a heating plate, and the height of the heating plate corresponds to the height of the pre-filled electrolyte powder;

[0027] The heater comprises:

[0028] Two heating plates, the heating plate structure is a concave structure, the concave structure includes boss parts on both sides and a groove in the middle, the boss parts on the heating plate are used as the power input end and the power output end respectively, and the boss parts on the heating plate are connected to the guide rod;

[0029] The load-bearing rod is used for overall load bearing; the upper end of the load-bearing rod is in contact with the thermal insulation material; the load-bearing rod has a square hole in the vertical direction, the guide rod passes through the square hole, and an insulating sleeve is provided on the outer ring of the guide rod to insulate the guide rod from the square tube;

[0030] The guide rod is used to connect the heating plate and the inlet and outlet busbars; two guide rods are connected to each heating plate. After a heating plate is connected to two guide rods, two guide rod heads will be left for subsequent connection with the connecting busbar.

[0031] The insulation material is used to keep the aluminum electrolytic cell warm during the startup process. The guide rod is wrapped with the insulation material. The heaters are arranged in sequence along the length direction, and every two adjacent heaters are in close contact, so that an integral insulation layer is formed on the upper part, and a relatively sealed cavity is formed inside.

[0032] The connecting busbar is connected in parallel or in series with the four guide rod heads of the two heating plate guide rod combinations, so that the two heating plates are connected to form a current loop. After the loop is connected, the overall structure will have an input end and an output end. These two ends are connected to the positive and negative electrodes on the aluminum electrolytic cell through the input and output busbars, so that the current can pass through the heating plate, thereby heating the electrolyte inside the electrolytic cell.

[0033] In the above scheme, the ladle molten salt furnace includes a ladle burner, a furnace body, a furnace cover, a hanging arm and a crossbeam; the ladle burner is arranged at the lower end of the furnace body, a crucible is arranged in the furnace body, a furnace cover is arranged above the furnace body, an electrolyte injection port is opened on one side of the furnace body, and the electrolyte injection port is communicated with the crucible. In addition, a hanging arm is arranged on the furnace body, and the hanging arm is connected and supported by a crossbeam, and the crossbeam is used to lift the ladle molten salt furnace.

[0034] In the above scheme, the crucible includes a shell, an inner tube and a serpentine flue pipe; the shell is a cylindrical structure with a concave bottom and a plurality of evenly distributed holes, the number of holes is consistent with the number of serpentine flue pipes, the holes and the serpentine flue pipes are welded into one, and the plurality of serpentine flue pipes finally converge into the main flue, and the serpentine flue pipe and the main flue are flue gas passages for discharging flue gas after combustion of gas in the burner.

[0035] The above scheme also includes control system 2, which is used to monitor the temperature of the electrolyte in the salt melting furnace and the flow of air and gas in the burner. The mobile temperature sensor is pre-fixed and buried in the electrolyte powder. The detected temperature signal can be fed back to the control system to detect and control the temperature rise of the electrolyte. The air and gas flow rates need to be controlled during combustion. The flame combustion state is adjusted by adjusting the opening size of the proportional solenoid valve at the rear end of the gas pipe and the air pipe, so that the overall temperature rise can be controlled to achieve the melting speed of the electrolyte.

[0036] In the above scheme, the furnace body sits on the burner during heating, and the combustion nozzle of the burner corresponds to the lower part of the serpentine smoke pipe; the flame mouth of the combustion nozzle is aligned with the lower end of the serpentine smoke pipe; the combustion nozzle includes a gas pipe, an air pipe, a distribution plate and a solenoid valve; the distribution plate has two areas, a gas area and an air area, which are independent of each other, and each area has an inlet channel, which is connected to the gas pipe and the air pipe on the side of the distribution plate respectively; a plurality of small holes are staggered on the top of the gas area and the air area, and the gas and air are discharged and mixed through the small holes, and after ignition, combustion begins.

[0037] The starting method of the aluminum electrolysis starting system includes the following steps: before power is turned on, all heaters are sequentially arranged in the aluminum electrolysis pre-filled with electrolyte powder, and the heating plate of the heater is buried in the electrolyte powder; the shunt is installed at the designated column bus position of the electrolytic cell, and is connected to the positive electrode (column bus) and negative electrode (short-circuit soft belt) of the electrolytic cell; the ladle molten salt furnace is filled with powder, and the air and gas pipes are connected. After preparation, the electrolytic cell series is powered on. After power is turned on, a constant direct current passes through the electrolytic cell. At this time, multiple heaters and shunts start to work. According to the preset electrolytic cell power (temperature)-time curve, the shunt can automatically adjust its own resistance to adjust the power passing through the heater in the electrolytic cell. At the same time, according to the temperature feedback of the temperature sensor embedded in the electrolytic cell, the power is self-adapted to correct, which can ensure that the temperature rise is carried out according to the preset curve. At the same time, multiple shunts can be adjusted independently. When the local temperature deviation occurs, the shunt resistance corresponding to the area can be flexibly adjusted, so that the electrolyte powder in the aluminum electrolytic cell can be evenly heated and melted to form a molten body. According to the time judgment, the ladle molten salt furnace can be opened in advance to ensure that when the temperature in the electrolytic cell reaches the melting temperature of the electrolyte and the electrolyte powder in the aluminum electrolytic cell has all formed a molten body, the electrolyte powder in the ladle molten salt furnace has all formed molten salt. At this time, the high-temperature liquid electrolyte in the external ladle molten salt furnace is poured in to raise the electrolyte liquid level in the aluminum electrolytic cell to the height required for pole change. At this time, the anode is replaced by removing a heater and replacing an anode. After the pole is changed, in order to ensure that the current passing through the electrolytic cell gradually increases to maintain the temperature balance of the electrolytic cell, the shunt resistance is gradually adjusted to allow more current to pass through the aluminum electrolytic cell to ensure the temperature of the aluminum electrolytic cell is stable, until all the heaters are replaced with anodes, at which time all the shunts are evacuated. At this point, the startup is completed.

[0038] In the above scheme, multiple heaters and diverters in the aluminum electrolytic cell are arranged in parallel, and the sum of the currents passing through the heaters and the diverters is constant.

[0039] Beneficial effects:

[0040] The aluminum electrolysis startup system and the aluminum electrolysis system of the present invention include an aluminum electrolysis startup device arranged in an aluminum electrolysis cell pre-filled with electrolyte powder and a control device for controlling the aluminum electrolysis startup device. Among them, the aluminum electrolysis startup device includes a plurality of heaters arranged in the aluminum electrolysis cell. After power is turned on, the plurality of heaters start to work, and the electrolyte powder in the aluminum electrolysis cell can be evenly heated and melted to form a molten body. When the temperature reaches the melting temperature of the electrolyte and the electrolyte powder in the electrolysis cell has all formed a molten body, we pour the high-temperature liquid electrolyte in the external ladle heating furnace, and the electrolyte liquid level is raised to the height required for changing the anode. The pole is changed, and one heater is removed to replace an anode. At this time, the shunt resistance is gradually adjusted to allow more current to pass through the electrolysis cell to ensure that the temperature of the electrolysis cell is stable, until all the heaters are replaced with anodes, and the shunts are all evacuated. At this point, the entire electrolysis cell startup is completed. That is to say, the aluminum electrolysis starting system of the present invention is suitable for dry and wet starting, can directly melt the electrolyte powder, and add high-temperature liquid electrolyte in the later stage of starting. Through the reasonable and effective layout of multiple heaters, the regulation of the current in the electrolytic cell by the diverter, and the addition of high-temperature liquid electrolyte in the later stage, the temperature rise of the entire aluminum electrolytic cell can be made more uniform and controllable during startup, thereby achieving a more efficient and ideal startup of the aluminum electrolytic cell.

[0041] The ladle molten salt furnace in the present invention is independent of the aluminum electrolysis cell and is used for melting the electrolyte outside the aluminum electrolysis cell. It is more flexible and will not have a direct impact on the aluminum electrolysis cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an aluminum electrolysis startup system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 Start-up system for aluminium reduction cells, excluding ladle molten salt furnaces;

[0044] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0045] Figure 4 It is the aluminum electrolytic cell startup system, excluding the ladle molten salt furnace and diverter;

[0046] Figure 5 It is the aluminum electrolytic cell startup system, excluding the ladle molten salt furnace, diverter and heater;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional diagram of a diverter;

[0048] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of a flow divider;

[0049] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0050] Fig. 9 This is a three-dimensional diagram of a cooling system;

[0051] Fig.10 It is a three-dimensional diagram of a heater;

[0052] Fig.11 It is a half-section view of a heater;

[0053] Fig.12 This is a three-dimensional picture of a salt melting furnace.

[0054] Fig.13 This is a top view of a salt ladle melting furnace;

[0055] Fig.14 This is a cross-sectional view of a ladle melting salt furnace, excluding the crossbeam and boom;

[0056] Fig.15 It is a three-dimensional picture of a combustion base;

[0057] Fig.16 The figure is a schematic diagram of an electrolytic cell and a plurality of heaters in an example of the present invention.

[0058] Reference numerals:

[0059] 10-aluminum electrolysis start-up equipment; 20-aluminum electrolytic cell; 21-filling port plug; 22-heater card slot; 23-furnace; 30-diverter; 31-diverter frame; 32-opening and closing cylinder bracket; 33-main oil outlet pipe; 34-main oil return pipe; 35-U-shaped insulation board; 36-positive busbar; 37-negative busbar; 38-positive busbar; 39-primary oil inlet pipe; 310-heat dissipation cold plate; 311-resistance sheet insulation board; 312-electromagnetic switch valve; 313-resistance sheet ;314-negative busbar;315-primary oil return pipe;316-opening and closing cylinder;317-positive soft belt;318-resistance connection block;319-cylinder connection block;320-insulating pad;321-pressing connection block;322-secondary oil inlet pipe;323-secondary oil return pipe;324-oil pump;325-oil outlet pipe;326-oil tank;327-return oil pipe;328-return water pipe;329-water outlet pipe;340-heat exchanger;341-circulating water chiller;40-heating device; 41-connecting soft belt; 42-current detection point; 43-series busbar; 44-connecting soft belt clamping device; 45-inlet and outlet busbar; 46-load-bearing rod; 47-guide rod clamping device; 48-insulation structure; 49-heating plate; 410-lifting ring; 411-guide rod; 412-guide rod insulation sleeve; 413-load-bearing steel bar; 50-lifting ladle molten salt furnace; 51-furnace cover; 52-lifting ladle burner; 53-hanging arm; 54-crossbeam; 55-hand-cranked tilting mechanism; 56-furnace body; 57-electrolyte filling port; 58-manhole; 59-inner crucible; 521-air pipe; 522-gas pipe; 523-L-type support seat; 524-combustion nozzle; 525-arc-shaped insulation block; 526-burner bottom plate; 61-positive bus; 62-slot short-circuit soft belt; 63-column bus; 64-inlet horizontal bus; 65-outlet horizontal bus; 66-starting temporary soft belt; 67-slot bottom cathode bus; 68-negative bus; 69-short-circuit insulation board. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0061] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0062] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0063] An aluminum electrolysis start-up system is used to start an aluminum electrolysis system including at least one aluminum electrolysis cell, including a plurality of heaters 40, which are sequentially arranged in the aluminum electrolysis cell 20 pre-filled with electrolyte powder. The heater 40 generates heat after passing current, which is used to heat and melt the pre-filled electrolyte powder in the aluminum electrolysis cell 20, wherein the pre-filled electrolyte powder makes more than 3 / 4 of the area of ​​the heating plate buried; and a plurality of shunts 30, wherein the shunts 40 are arranged at the column busbar 63 at the power inlet end of the aluminum electrolysis cell 20, and are used in conjunction with the column busbar 63 one by one, and are connected in parallel with the heater 40 arranged in the aluminum electrolysis cell 20 in a series of constant current circuits. The shunt 40 distributes the current in the aluminum electrolysis cell 20 by adjusting its own resistance, which can effectively adjust the heating power in the aluminum electrolysis cell 20 and control the heating speed. The heat dissipation system is used for cooling the resistor sheet when it is working. And multiple ladle molten salt furnaces 50, after the electrolyte powder in the aluminum electrolytic cell 20 melts in the late startup, the electrolyte liquid level cannot meet the needs of normal production, and the melted electrolyte liquid needs to be supplemented from the outside. The ladle molten salt furnace acts on the outside of the electrolytic cell to melt the electrolyte powder and fill it into the aluminum electrolytic cell, so that the level of the electrolyte liquid reaches the normal working requirements. At this time, the anode can be replaced, the heater is gradually replaced with the anode, and the shunt 30 also adjusts the resistance in turn, gradually increasing the current in the electrolytic cell until the anode replacement is completed and the shunt is evacuated. At this point, the electrolytic cell is started and enters normal production.

[0064] The aluminum electrolysis starting system provided by the present invention may also have such a technical feature, wherein the heaters 40 are arranged sequentially and evenly spaced along the length direction of the aluminum electrolysis cell, and the lower part of the heater is a heating plate, and the height of the heating plate corresponds to the height of the pre-filled electrolyte powder.

[0065] The aluminum electrolysis startup system provided by the present invention may also have such technical features, wherein the heater 40 includes: two heating plates; each heating plate is a "concave" plate-like structure with small steps on both sides, and the upper part of the small step has an edge, and the upper surface of the edge is welded to the guide rod 411, so that the current passing through the guide rod 411 can flow to the heating plate, thereby enabling the heating plate to work. The upper half of the small step, the edge, and most of the guide rod 411 are wrapped in thermal insulation castables. The edge can form a barrier to prevent the penetration of corrosive gases during the startup process, and at the same time, the guide rod 411 is wrapped with castables all around, effectively protecting the guide rod from corrosion. Long grooves are processed on the heating plate panel, which can effectively increase the resistance of the heating plate and improve the heating efficiency.

[0066] One end of the two guide rods 411 is welded to the two upper surfaces of the same heating plate, and the other ends are the power input end and the power output end respectively. The power input end and the power output end are explosion welding blocks of dissimilar metals, one of which is the same material as the guide rod material, and the other is the same material as the connecting busbar. During assembly, the same metals are crimped together, which can effectively reduce the contact resistance of the contact surface. Two guide rods are welded on each heating plate, and the other ends of the guide rods are the power input end and the power output end respectively. The connecting busbar is mainly connected in series or in parallel to the power input end or the power output end of the four guide rods on the two heating plates, so that the heater forms a series or parallel circuit.

[0067] The insulation structure is cast. It is an inverted "T" structure when viewed from the side. The thickness of the insulation structure is greater than that of the heating plate. When the heaters are arranged in the electrolytic cell in sequence, the insulation structures of adjacent heaters are tightly fitted, which can effectively prevent heat loss and improve heating efficiency.

[0068] The load-bearing rod 46 mainly supports the weight of the entire heater to ensure the stability of the heater structure. The load-bearing rod is a square tube structure with four square holes in the middle. The guide rod passes through the middle of the square hole. There is an insulating plate in the gap between the guide rod and the square hole to ensure the insulation between the load-bearing rod and the guide rod. At the same time, there is a pressure plate above the square hole. Under the pressure of the bolt, the guide rod and the load-bearing rod are fixed together, so that the weight can be transferred to the load-bearing rod. The lower surface of the load-bearing rod is attached to the insulation material.

[0069] The series busbar 43 mainly connects the two power input terminals with the power output terminals. The two heating plates can be connected in series or in parallel through different connections. When connected in series, the power output terminal of one heating plate is connected to the power input terminal of another heating plate, the other power input terminal is connected to the horizontal busbar of the power input terminal of the electrolytic cell, and the power output terminal is connected to the horizontal busbar on the power output side of the electrolytic cell; when connected in parallel, the power input terminals on the two heating plates are connected, and then connected to the horizontal busbar of the power input terminal of the electrolytic cell; the power output terminals on the two heating plates are connected, and then connected to the horizontal busbar on the power output side; that is, while ensuring that the resistance of the heating component remains unchanged, the resistance of the heating plate is adjusted accordingly, which can also be achieved in parallel.

[0070] The aluminum electrolysis start-up system provided by the present invention may also have such technical features, wherein the shunt 30 includes: a resistance adjustment system, each shunt has multiple resistors, each resistor can be independently connected in parallel to the shunt, and the shunt resistance can be adjusted by incorporating the number of shunt resistors, thereby achieving the purpose of multi-stage shunt. The structure is divided into: an opening and closing cylinder bracket 32, a positive busbar 38, a negative busbar 314, an opening and closing cylinder 316 and a metal resistor 313. The opening and closing cylinder bracket 32 ​​is a square frame structure for installing and fixing the remaining components. The positive busbar 38 is a rectangular plate-like structure, which is vertically installed on the inner side of the opening and closing cylinder bracket 32 ​​by bolts. At the same time, there is a resistor insulating plate 311 between the positive busbar 38 and the opening and closing cylinder bracket 32 ​​to ensure insulation from the opening and closing cylinder bracket 32; the positive busbar 38 has a busbar on the outward side connected to the aluminum electrolytic cell power inlet column busbar, that is, the aluminum electrolytic cell positive electrode. The inner side of the positive busbar 38 faces a plurality of crimping joints for connecting small soft belts. The number of connecting small soft belts is the same as the number of metal resistor sheets 313. One end of each connecting small soft belt is welded to one end of the metal resistor sheet 313. The other end of the connecting small soft belt is a block crimping joint, which is fixed to a pressure plate by bolts, and the pressure plate is fixed to the piston rod of the opening and closing cylinder. The middle of the connecting small soft belt is composed of a plurality of small soft sheets, which can move back and forth within the extension stroke of the cylinder. When the cylinder is extended, it drives the crimping joint to move toward the positive busbar 313 and directly presses against it. At this time, the resistor of this level is incorporated into the shunt system. The structure of the negative busbar 314 is consistent with that of the positive busbar 313, and is also installed on the opening and closing cylinder bracket 32 ​​in the same way, face to face with the positive busbar 313. The other end of the metal resistor 313 is directly welded to the negative busbar 314. The negative busbar 314 has a busbar on the outward side connected to the short-circuit busbar at the power inlet end of the aluminum electrolytic cell, that is, the negative electrode of the aluminum electrolytic cell.

[0071] The heat dissipation system mainly includes a heat dissipation cold plate 310, a heat dissipation oil pipe, an oil tank 326, an oil pump 324, a pressure monitoring meter, a temperature monitoring meter, a double tube plate heat exchanger and a circulating cold water system. When the shunt is diverted, the shunt resistor will generate a large amount of heat, which needs to be dissipated and cooled in time. There is a heat dissipation oil circuit inside the heat dissipation cold plate 310, and there are an inlet and an outlet oil circuit at the end, which are connected in series in the heat dissipation system pipeline to form a circulation loop of the heat dissipation oil. The heat dissipation cold plate 310 is tightly attached to the bottom of the metal resistor 313, and can take away the heat generated by the resistor in time. The heat generated by the resistor 313 is transferred to the heat dissipation cold plate 310, and then to the heat dissipation oil, which is transferred to the double tube plate heat exchanger through the circulating heat dissipation oil to dissipate the heat and ensure the normal operation of the resistor. The hardware is connected in series in sequence to form a circulation loop. The heat dissipation oil circulates in the circulation loop under the action of the oil pump, transfers the heat collected from the heat dissipation cold plate to the double tube plate heat exchanger, and then dissipates the heat through the circulating cold water system.

[0072] Control system, the resistor in the resistor adjustment system drives the action of connecting the small busbar crimping joint through the expansion and contraction of the cylinder piston to achieve the connection or disconnection of the resistor. The connection and disconnection of different resistors are achieved through the action of different cylinders. One of the functions of the control system is to control the action of the corresponding cylinder to realize the connection of multiple resistors in different combinations into the system, thereby achieving different resistance characteristics. The most important thing about the heat exchange system is to ensure the safety and reliability of the system, so there is pressure and temperature monitoring in the heat dissipation pipeline, and temperature monitoring on the heat dissipation cold plate. The pressure and temperature data will be fed back to the control system to adjust the power of the oil pump and the power of the circulating water cooling system to ensure that the temperature is within the working range.

[0073] The aluminum electrolysis startup system provided by the present invention may also have such technical features, wherein the ladle molten salt furnace includes a hollow ladle, a crucible, a ladle burner, and a control system.

[0074] Hollow ladle is mainly used for heat preservation, load-bearing support, lifting and dumping. The outside is a metal shell for supporting and bearing, which is connected to the lifting arm and beam. There is a large hole in the lower part of the shell, and the bottom of the crucible can be exposed after the crucible is installed. The shell is an insulation layer inside, which is used for overall heat preservation, and the crucible is inside the insulation layer. Dumping is driven by a hand-cranked plate to drive the reduction gear mechanism to slowly tilt the ladle body and pour out the molten salt electrolyte through the conduit. The conduit is also divided into 3 layers. The outer conduit is welded to the metal shell, the middle layer is the insulation layer, and the inner conduit is welded to the crucible and is part of the crucible.

[0075] Crucible is a metal composite material, which is resistant to high temperature and corrosion. The structure includes a shell, an inner conduit and a serpentine flue pipe. The shell is a cylindrical structure with a concave bottom and multiple evenly distributed holes. The number of holes is consistent with the number of serpentine pipes. The holes and the serpentine pipes are welded into one. Multiple serpentine pipes are finally gathered in the main flue, which is used for flue gas discharge. The concave bottom of the shell can increase the overall strength and heating area. The evenly distributed holes correspond to the serpentine pipes one by one, and are welded firmly without leakage. Multiple serpentine pipes are evenly arranged in the shell, which effectively increases the contact area with the electrolyte and makes full use of the heat of the flue gas, that is, when the high-temperature flue gas passes through, the waste heat is recovered more efficiently. Finally, multiple serpentine pipes are collected in the main pipe for discharge. There is also an inner conduit for pouring, which serves as a pouring channel after the electrolyte melts.

[0076] The ladle burner mainly heats the bottom of the crucible by burning gas. At the same time, the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion passes through the serpentine flue pipe, and finally transfers the heat to the electrolyte powder to melt the electrolyte. It mainly includes a base, a combustion nozzle, a sealing and heat-insulating structure, and a control system.

[0077] The base has multiple bosses to support the weight of the ladle, crucible and electrolyte. Each boss has a hole for passing the combustion nozzle pipeline. The boss has a limit block that cooperates with the bottom hole of the ladle to ensure that the ladle is basically concentric with the base.

[0078] Combustion nozzle 524, multiple combustion nozzles are evenly distributed just below the serpentine smoke pipe, the number is the same as the serpentine smoke pipe, and the flame port is aligned with the lower end of the serpentine smoke pipe. The combustion nozzle includes a gas pipe, an air pipe, a distribution plate, and a solenoid valve. The distribution plate has two areas, a gas area and an air area, which are independent of each other. Each area has an inlet channel, which is connected to the gas pipe and the air pipe on the side of the distribution plate respectively; multiple small holes are staggered on the top of the gas area and the air area, and the gas and air are discharged and mixed through the small holes. After ignition, combustion begins. A proportional solenoid valve for controlling the flow is installed at the rear end of the gas pipe and the air pipe to adjust the ratio of air to gas, thereby adjusting the combustion state.

[0079] The heat-insulating structure is built with heat-insulating materials between each boss of the base to form a ring structure with the boss. When the lifting bag is lowered from the top, a sealed cavity is formed inside the burner, and the flame burns in this cavity, which plays a role in sealing and heat preservation.

[0080] The control system needs to monitor the temperature and flow rate during heating. The mobile temperature sensor is pre-fixed and buried in the electrolyte powder. The detected temperature signal can be returned to the control system to detect and control the temperature rise of the electrolyte. The air and gas flow rates need to be controlled during combustion. The flame combustion state can be adjusted by adjusting the opening size of the proportional solenoid valve at the rear end of the gas pipe and the air pipe. The combustion state includes the combustion temperature, combustion power, and the composition of the post-combustion gas. It can be flexibly adjusted to a reducing or oxidizing atmosphere, that is, oxygen-rich combustion or low-oxygen combustion.

[0081] The present invention provides an aluminum electrolysis system, comprising at least one aluminum electrolysis cell; and the above-mentioned aluminum electrolysis starting system, which is used to start the aluminum electrolysis cell.

[0082] Example

[0083] This embodiment provides an aluminum electrolysis starting system and a plurality of devices constituting the aluminum electrolysis starting system. The aluminum electrolysis starting system is used to start one or more aluminum electrolysis cells in the aluminum electrolysis system, and includes one or more aluminum electrolysis starting devices and a control device for controlling the same.

[0084] Combined with Figure 1As shown, there are three electrolytic cells 20 in total, and the aluminum electrolysis starting device 10 is used to start the aluminum electrolytic cells 20. The aluminum electrolysis starting device 10 includes a plurality of shunts 30, a plurality of heaters 40 and a plurality of ladle molten salt furnaces 50 alternately arranged in the furnace 23 of the aluminum electrolytic cell 20; wherein the shunt 30 is installed at each column bus 63 and at two short-circuit soft belts 62 corresponding to the column bus 63, the two positive busbars 36 of the shunt 30 embrace the lower side of the column bus 63, and the two negative busbars 37 of the shunt 30 are respectively connected to the corresponding two short-circuit soft belts 62; after being connected, the shunt 30 forms a parallel structure with the aluminum electrolytic cell 20, and is connected in series to the electrolysis series as a whole. Multiple heaters 40 are sequentially installed in the heater card slot 22 in the electrolytic cell 20; the two connecting soft belts 41 extending from both ends of the heater 40 are respectively connected to the horizontal busbar 64 at the power input end and the horizontal busbar 65 at the power output end, the power output end busbar 65 of the upper stage tank is connected to the column busbar 63 of the lower stage tank, and the column busbar 63 of the lower stage tank is connected to the negative busbar 67 at the bottom of the upper stage tank, so that after the connection, the heater 40 is connected in series to the electrolytic series to form a current loop. Multiple ladle molten salt furnaces 50 are independently placed next to the electrolytic cell to heat and melt the electrolyte powder to form an electrolyte melt. In the later stage of startup, the filling port plug 21 at the end of the electrolytic cell 20 is opened, and the electrolyte melt is added to the furnace 23 of the electrolytic cell 20 through the electrolyte filling port 57, and this operation is repeated until the electrolyte liquid level reaches the designed height. At this time, the pole change can be started, and a heater 40 is evacuated and replaced with an anode. The resistance level of the shunt 30 will be automatically adjusted accordingly under the control strategy (the cell voltage remains unchanged) until all heaters are evacuated. After the pole change is completed, the startup work is successfully completed.

[0085] Combined with Figure 5 As shown, each electrolytic cell 20 in the aluminum electrolysis system is arranged in sequence (only three are shown in the figure, and there are dozens to hundreds of them in a normal series). Electrolysis is carried out by direct current. Each electrolytic cell 20 is connected in series to the system. The specific implementation is shown in the figure. The total positive bus 61 is connected to the column bus 63 of the first cell, and the column bus 63 is connected to the horizontal bus 64 at the power inlet end of the first cell. The horizontal bus 64 at the power inlet end is then connected to the connecting soft belt 41 at one end of the heater 40, and the connecting soft belt 41 at the other end is connected to the horizontal bus 65 at the power outlet end of the electrolytic cell 20. The horizontal bus 65 at the power outlet end is then connected to the horizontal bus 64 at the power inlet end of the next cell through the start-up temporary soft belt 66, and so on. Connect in sequence until the total negative bus 68. In the figure, the cathode bus 67 at the bottom of the cell is connected to the short-circuit soft belt 62 of the cell, and is also connected to the column bus 63 of the next cell. Therefore, for the electrolytic cells 20 connected in series in the system, along with the direction of the current, the positive pole of the lower cell is the negative pole of the cell.

[0086] Combined with Figure 7-8As shown, the structure of the shunt 30 mainly includes a frame 31, which is mainly used to support and fix the various components in the system. The shunt 30 has multiple resistors 313, and each resistor 313 can be independently connected in parallel to the shunt 30. By incorporating the number of resistors 313 into the shunt 30, the total resistance of the shunt 30 can be adjusted, thereby achieving the purpose of multi-stage shunt. The structure is divided into: frame 31, positive busbar 38, negative busbar 314, opening and closing cylinder 316, connecting small soft belt 317, and metal resistor sheet 313. The frame 31 is a square frame structure, which is used to install and fix the remaining components. The positive busbar 38 is a rectangular plate-like structure, which is vertically installed on the inner side of the frame 31 by bolts. At the same time, there is an insulating plate 35 between the positive busbar 38 and the frame 31 to ensure the insulation of the two. The positive busbar 38 has a positive busbar 36 on the outward side connected to the power input end column busbar 63 of the electrolytic cell 20, that is, the positive electrode of the electrolytic cell 20. The inner side of the positive busbar 38 faces a plurality of crimping joints 321 for connecting small soft belts 317. The number of connecting small soft belts 317 is the same as the number of resistors 313. One end of each connecting small soft belt is connected to the resistor 313 through a crimping block 318. The other end of the connecting small soft belt 317 is a block crimping joint 321, which is fixed to the pressing plate 319 by bolts. The pressing plate 319 is fixed to the piston rod of the opening and closing cylinder 316. There is a bonding pad 320 between the pressing plate 319 and the crimping joint 321 to ensure the insulation of the two. The connecting small soft belt 317 is composed of a plurality of small metal soft sheets, and can move back and forth within the telescopic stroke of the cylinder 316. When the cylinder 316 is extended, it drives the crimping joint 321 to move toward the positive main busbar 38 until it is tightly pressed. At this time, the resistor 313 of this level is incorporated into the shunt system 30. The structure of the negative main busbar 314 is consistent with that of the positive main busbar 38, and is also installed on the frame 31 in the same way, and is installed face to face with the positive main busbar 38. The inner side of the negative main busbar 314 is directly welded to the other end of the resistor 313, and the negative main busbar 314 has a negative busbar 37 on the outward side connected to the short-circuit soft belt 62 of the electrolytic cell 20, that is, the negative electrode of the electrolytic cell 20. In the figure, the main oil inlet pipe 33, the main oil return pipe 34, the first-level oil inlet pipe 39, the first-level oil return pipe 315, the electric control valve 312, and the heat dissipation cold plate 310 constitute the heat dissipation part of the diverter 30. Through the heat dissipation structure, the heat generated by the resistor 313 during operation can be taken away. The main oil inlet pipe 33 is connected to a plurality of first-level oil inlet pipes 39, and the main oil return pipe 34 is connected to a plurality of first-level oil return pipes 315, and the number of the two is the same as that of the diverter 30. Each first-level oil inlet pipe 39 is connected to a plurality of second-level oil inlet pipes, and the second-level oil inlet pipes are connected to the oil inlet end of the heat dissipation cold plate 310 through the electric control valve 312. There are multiple second-level oil return pipes on the first-level oil return pipe 315, and each second-level oil return pipe is connected to the outlet end of the heat dissipation cold plate 310.The main oil inlet pipe 34 and the first oil inlet pipe 39 are filled with low-temperature oil pumped from the external cooling system. When a certain level of resistor 313 needs to work, the electric control valve 312 corresponding to the level will open. At this time, the low-temperature oil will pass through the heat dissipation cold plate 310 at the bottom of the resistor 313. The low-temperature oil will absorb the heat generated when the resistor 313 works. After absorbing the heat, the high-temperature oil will then pass through the outlet end of the heat dissipation cold plate 310, the second oil return pipe, the first oil return pipe 315, and the main oil return pipe 34 in sequence to transfer the heat to the cooling system. After passing through the cooling system, the high-temperature oil will become low-temperature oil and will be pumped into the main oil inlet pipe 33 again, and the cycle will continue. A basic cooling system includes an oil pump 324, an oil tank 326, an oil outlet pipe 325 connecting the oil pump 326 and the oil tank 324; a heat exchanger 322, a circulating water cooler 323, and a return water pipe 328 and an outlet water pipe 329 connecting the circulating water cooler 323 and the heat exchanger.

[0087] Combined with Figure 9-10 As shown, the heater 40 includes: two heating plates 49; each heating plate 49 is a "concave" plate-like structure with small steps on both sides, and the upper part of the small step has an edge, and the upper surface of the edge is welded to the guide rod 411, so that the current passing through the guide rod 411 can flow to the heating plate 49, so that the heating plate 49 can work. A part of the heating plate 49 and most of the guide rod 411 are wrapped in the insulation structure 48. The edge of the upper part of the heating plate 49 can form a barrier to prevent the penetration of corrosive gases during the startup process. At the same time, the guide rod 411 is wrapped around the insulation structure 48 to effectively protect the guide rod 411 from corrosion. Long grooves are processed on the panel of the heating plate 49, which can effectively increase the resistance of the heating plate 49 and improve the heating efficiency.

[0088] A heating plate 49 is welded with two guide rods 411 into one body, and the specific welding method is as follows: the lower ends of the two guide rods 411 are welded with the two upper surfaces of the same heating plate 49, the upper end of one guide rod 411 is crimped with the inlet and outlet busbars 45, and the upper end of the other guide rod 411 is crimped with 43. The heater 40 is crimped with the horizontal busbar 64 and the horizontal busbar 65 of the electrolytic cell through the connecting busbars 41 at both ends, so that the heater 40 is incorporated into the electrolytic cell series to form a loop.

[0089] The heat preservation structure 48 is formed by casting. It is an inverted "T"-shaped structure when viewed from the side. The thickness of the heat preservation structure 48 is greater than that of the heating plate 49. When the heaters 40 are arranged in the electrolytic cell 20 in sequence, the heat preservation structures 48 of adjacent heaters 40 are closely fitted, which can effectively prevent heat loss and improve heating efficiency.

[0090] The load-bearing rod 46 mainly supports the weight of the entire heater 40 to ensure the structural stability of the heater 40. The load-bearing rod 46 is a square tube structure with four square holes in the middle. The guide rod 411 passes through the middle of the square hole. There is an insulating plate 412 in the gap between the guide rod 411 and the square hole to ensure the insulation between the load-bearing rod 46 and the guide rod 411. At the same time, there is a pressure plate 47 above the square hole. Under the pressure of the bolts, the guide rod 411 and the load-bearing rod 46 are fixed together, so that the overall weight can be transferred to the load-bearing rod 46. In order to make the force transmission more uniform, a load-bearing steel bar 413 is also provided in the insulation structure. The upper part of the load-bearing steel bar 413 is fixed to the load-bearing rod 46, and the lower part is wrapped in the insulation structure 48.

[0091] Combined with Figure 11-14 As shown, the ladle molten salt furnace 50 is mainly used to externalize the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell 20. It includes an openable tank cover 51, which is convenient for maintenance and replacement of internal parts. The ladle burner 52 has two main functions. It supports the weight of the overall structure during heating and heats the internal crucible 59 through gas combustion, so that the electrolyte powder in the crucible 59 is heated and melted. The main function of the boom 53 and the crossbeam 54 is to bear the overall weight during lifting. The main function of the hand-cranked tilting mechanism 55 is to tilt the ladle as a whole by shaking the handle to drive the reducer mechanism, so that the electrolyte liquid can be easily poured out through the electrolyte filling port 57. The main function of the manhole 58 is to observe and detect the melting of the internal electrolyte through this port. After the electrolyte powder melts and the volume decreases, new electrolyte powder can be added through this port. The insulation structure 56 has insulation structures on the side and top of the ladle, which can effectively prevent heat loss and improve heat utilization. The crucible 59 is a barrel-shaped structure with multiple flues evenly distributed therein. The flue is an outlet for high-temperature flue gas after combustion. Meanwhile, the flue is filled with electrolytes so that the heat of the flue gas can be fully utilized.

[0092] The ladle burner 52 is composed of an air pipe 521, a gas pipe 522, an "L"-shaped support 523, a combustion nozzle 524, an arc-shaped heat-insulating block 525, and a burner bottom plate 526. Air and gas enter the combustion nozzle 524 through the air pipe 521 and the gas pipe 522, respectively, and after being mixed in the combustion nozzle 524, they are ejected through the small holes on the combustion nozzle 524 and start to burn under the action of the igniter.

[0093] The aluminum electrolysis startup system and the aluminum electrolysis system provided by the present invention according to this embodiment include an aluminum electrolysis startup device 10 arranged in an aluminum electrolysis cell 20 pre-filled with electrolyte powder and a control device for controlling the aluminum electrolysis startup device. Among them, the aluminum electrolysis startup device 10 includes a plurality of heaters 40, which are sequentially arranged in the aluminum electrolysis cell 20 to more evenly heat the electrolyte powder in the aluminum electrolysis cell 20 to form an electrolyte melt. In the later stage of startup, the electrolyte liquid is added to the electrolysis cell 20 through the ladle molten salt furnace 50, and the pole can be changed after the electrolyte liquid level reaches the design requirements, that is, the heater 40 is replaced with the anode until all the anodes are replaced. During the entire startup process, the shunt 30 plays a role in distributing the current in the aluminum electrolysis cell by adjusting its own resistance. The aluminum electrolysis starting system of the present embodiment is suitable for dry and wet starting, and can directly melt the electrolyte powder. The reasonable and effective layout of the heater 40, the subsequent replenishment of the electrolyte liquid, and the intelligent diversion of the diverter during the starting process can make the heating temperature in the entire aluminum electrolytic cell 20 more uniform and the heating rate controllable, thereby achieving a more efficient and ideal startup of the aluminum electrolytic cell.

[0094] In the embodiment, the heaters 40 are all plate-shaped, arranged in parallel in the aluminum electrolysis cell 20, evenly spaced along the length direction of the aluminum electrolysis cell 20, and roughly covering the entire aluminum electrolysis cell 20. In this way, the heating start-up can be carried out more evenly, and the plate-shaped heater 40 is easy to disassemble and deploy.

[0095] In the embodiment, the upper part of the heater 40 is arranged with a heat preservation structure, and the lower part is inserted into the electrolyte powder pre-filled in the aluminum electrolytic cell 20, so that the temperature can be well maintained during the heating start-up process, and the heat generated by the heater 40 can be transferred more deeply to effectively melt the electrolyte powder.

[0096] In the embodiment, the shunt includes a multi-stage resistance shunt, which can automatically match its own resistance according to the heating rate at startup, so as to ensure that the heating power in the aluminum electrolytic cell is adjustable and controllable, thereby ensuring the startup effect.

[0097] Multiple heaters and shunts in the aluminum electrolytic cell are arranged in parallel, and the sum of the currents passing through the heaters and shunts (or anodes) is constant.

[0098] In the embodiment, the ladle molten salt furnace 50 is independent of the aluminum electrolysis cell 20 and is used to melt the electrolyte outside the aluminum electrolysis cell 20. It is more flexible and will not have a direct impact on the aluminum electrolysis cell 20. The ladle molten salt furnace adopts an intelligent temperature control system, which can automatically match the heating power of the ladle burner 52 according to the preset electrolyte melting speed, as well as automatic heat preservation after melting. It can be seen that the aluminum electrolysis startup system of this embodiment has a high degree of automation, and basically no manual intervention is required during the entire startup process, which can save a lot of manpower. Since the heating startup process involves high-temperature operation, the safety factor of the operator is also improved.

[0099] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0100] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and intent of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aluminum electrolysis startup system, used to start an aluminum electrolysis system comprising at least one aluminum electrolysis cell, characterized in that: include: Aluminum electrolysis starting equipment, arranged in the aluminum electrolysis cell pre-filled with electrolyte powder, for starting the aluminum electrolysis cell; as well as A control device, used to control the aluminum electrolysis starting device; Wherein, the aluminum electrolysis startup equipment includes a plurality of heaters, a plurality of diverters and a plurality of ladle melting salt furnaces; The heater is installed in the aluminum electrolysis cell and is used to heat and melt the electrolyte powder in the aluminum electrolysis cell to form an electrolyte melt; The shunt is connected in parallel with the aluminum electrolytic cell and is mainly used to adjust the magnitude of the current passing through the aluminum electrolytic cell by adjusting its own resistance during startup; The ladle molten salt furnace is used to heat the electrolyte powder into a molten body outside the aluminum electrolysis cell. The formed molten body is poured into the aluminum electrolysis cell in the later stage of the aluminum electrolysis cell startup. After the electrolyte liquid level reaches the designed height, the heater is replaced in sequence with the anode.

2. The aluminum electrolysis starting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diverter comprises: Resistance adjustment system, The resistance adjustment system includes a terminal positive busbar, a terminal negative busbar, a shunt resistor and an opening and closing cylinder; the terminal positive busbar and the terminal negative busbar are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the aluminum electrolytic cell through busbars; the shunt resistor is multi-stage adjustable, and each stage of the resistor includes multiple resistors with different resistances, and the resistors are installed on the heat dissipation cold plate of the cooling system. One end of each stage of the resistor is fixedly connected to the terminal negative busbar, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting flexible busbar; the other end of each connecting flexible busbar is connected to the piston of the same opening and closing cylinder and is insulated from each other; the connecting flexible busbar moves within the extension and contraction stroke of the cylinder, and when the piston is extended, the connecting flexible busbar is connected to the piston of the opening and closing cylinder and the terminal positive busbar is connected. At this time, the resistor of this stage is connected in parallel to the resistance adjustment system to start the shunt work; Cooling system, The cooling system is used to cool the shunt resistor.

3. The aluminum electrolysis starting system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling system includes: The heat dissipation cold plate is installed under the shunt resistor. There is an oil circuit in the heat dissipation cold plate. Cooling oil flows through the oil circuit. The oil circuit in the heat dissipation cold plate is connected to the heat dissipation oil pipe. The cooling oil transfers the heat generated by the resistor to the heat exchange system through the heat dissipation oil pipe. The heat dissipation oil pipe is one or more closed heat transfer channels with cooling oil inside. When working, the cooling oil circulates in one direction in the heat dissipation oil pipe under the action of the oil pump; Heat exchange system is used to handle the heat removed from the resistor by the cooling oil. The control system controls the opening and closing of the opening and closing cylinder to realize the operation of the shunt resistor; controls the temperature rise by controlling the flow and speed of the cooling oil; includes the solenoid valve action control cylinder, and adjusts the opening of the electric control valve in the oil circuit through temperature monitoring and feedback to control the flow of the cooling oil.

4. The aluminum electrolysis starting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heaters are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the aluminum electrolytic cell, the lower part of the heater is a heating plate, and the height of the heating plate corresponds to the height of the pre-filled electrolyte powder; The heater comprises: Two heating plates, the heating plate structure is a concave structure, the concave structure includes boss parts on both sides and a groove in the middle, the boss parts on the heating plate are used as the power input end and the power output end respectively, and the boss parts on the heating plate are connected to the guide rod; The load-bearing rod is used for overall load bearing; the upper end of the load-bearing rod is in contact with the thermal insulation material; the load-bearing rod has a square hole in the vertical direction, the guide rod passes through the square hole, and an insulating sleeve is provided on the outer ring of the guide rod to insulate the guide rod from the square tube; Guide rod, used to connect the heating plate and the inlet and outlet busbars; Insulation material, used to keep the aluminum electrolytic cell warm during startup, and the guide rod is wrapped with insulation material; The series busbar is used to connect the two heating plates into a loop internally, and the input and output busbars are connected to the positive and negative poles on the aluminum electrolytic cell so that current can pass through the heating plate.

5. The aluminum electrolysis startup system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ladle molten salt furnace comprises a ladle burner, a furnace body, a furnace cover, a hanging arm and a cross beam; the ladle burner is arranged at the lower end of the furnace body, a crucible is arranged in the furnace body, a furnace cover is arranged above the furnace body, an electrolyte injection port is opened on one side of the furnace body, and the electrolyte injection port is communicated with the crucible. In addition, a hanging arm is arranged on the furnace body, and the hanging arm is connected and supported by a cross beam, and the cross beam is used to lift the ladle molten salt furnace.

6. The aluminum electrolysis starting system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The crucible includes a shell, an inner conduit and a serpentine flue pipe; the shell is a cylindrical structure with a concave bottom and a plurality of evenly distributed holes, the number of the holes being consistent with the number of the serpentine flue pipes, the holes and the serpentine flue pipes being welded into one, and the plurality of serpentine flue pipes are finally gathered in a main flue, which is used for flue gas discharge.

7. The aluminum electrolysis startup system according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a control system 2, which is used to monitor temperature and flow. A mobile temperature sensor is pre-fixed and buried in the electrolyte powder. The detected temperature signal can be returned to the control system to detect and control the temperature rise of the electrolyte. During combustion, the air and gas flow rates need to be controlled, and the flame combustion state is adjusted by adjusting the opening size of the proportional solenoid valve at the rear end of the gas pipe and the air pipe.

8. The aluminum electrolysis starting system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A combustion nozzle is arranged below the serpentine smoke pipe; the flame port of the combustion nozzle is aligned with the lower port of the serpentine smoke pipe; the combustion nozzle includes a gas pipe, an air pipe, a distribution plate and a solenoid valve; the distribution plate has two areas, a gas area and an air area, which are independent of each other, and each area has an inlet channel, which is respectively connected to the gas pipe and the air pipe on the side of the distribution plate; a plurality of small holes are staggeredly distributed on the top of the gas area and the air area, and the gas and air are discharged and mixed through the small holes, and combustion begins after ignition.

9. The startup method of the aluminum electrolysis startup system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: the aluminum electrolysis starting device is powered on, after which a plurality of heaters start to work, and can evenly heat and melt the electrolyte powder in the aluminum electrolytic cell to form a molten body; when the temperature reaches the melting temperature of the electrolyte and the electrolyte powder in the aluminum electrolytic cell has all formed a molten body, high-temperature liquid electrolyte in an external ladle molten salt furnace is poured in, so that the electrolyte liquid level in the aluminum electrolytic cell is raised to the height required for pole replacement, and the anode is replaced by removing one heater and replacing one anode; at this time, the shunt resistance is gradually adjusted to allow more current to pass through the aluminum electrolytic cell to ensure that the temperature of the aluminum electrolytic cell is stable, until all the heaters are replaced with anodes, at which time all the shunts are removed.

10. The startup method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Multiple heaters and shunts in the aluminum electrolytic cell are arranged in parallel, and the sum of the currents passing through the heaters and shunts is constant.

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