Power supply module and power supply system for driving magnet in magnetic confinement fusion device

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a power supply module for driving a magnet in a magnetic confinement fusion device, a plurality of power supply modules can form a target power supply system to supply power to the magnet after being connected in series and / or in parallel based on target required electric quantity of the magnet, and the power supply module comprises a capacitor module which comprises a super capacitor, a charging loop and a discharging loop; the signal acquisition module is connected with the capacitor module and is used for acquiring a state signal of the capacitor module; the module controller is respectively connected with the capacitor module and the signal acquisition module, and is used for controlling the charging and discharging states of the capacitor module and monitoring the capacitor module based on the state signal; and the communication module is connected with the module controller and is used for communicating with the module controllers of other power supply modules or the main controller of the power supply system. The power supply module can be adaptively assembled in series and / or in parallel according to the target demand voltage of the magnet and / or the new target demand current, so that the power supply module has relatively high universality and relatively simple maintainability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of electronic power technology, and in particular to a power supply module and a power supply system for driving magnets in a magnetic confinement fusion device. Background Art

[0002] Fusion devices such as tokamaks control plasma through magnetic fields, and the magnetic field is generated by passing a certain current into the magnetic field coil. Therefore, a high-power pulse power supply is usually required to inject current into the magnetic field coil, that is, the magnet drive power supply. Usually, the magnet drive power supply needs to be able to reach MW or even higher levels of power in a short period of time. If such power demand is directly introduced from the power grid, the load requirements on the power grid are relatively high. Therefore, in the prior art, the magnet drive power supply usually uses a large-capacity energy storage element, first storing energy from the power grid, and then feeding the energy into the magnetic field coil in a short period of time.

[0003] Existing magnet drive power supplies usually use flywheel generators to store energy. Flywheel generators can store large amounts of energy and have high output power, and can meet the power needs of various types of tokamaks and other fusion devices. However, the power supply system composed of flywheel generators is often highly complex and has poor versatility. In the event of a failure, the maintainability is poor.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the applicability and maintainability of the magnet drive power supply while meeting the power requirements of the fusion device has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a power module and a power system for driving magnets in a magnetic confinement fusion device, which at least solves the technical problem existing in the related art of how to improve the applicability and maintainability of the magnet driving power supply while meeting the power demand of the fusion device.

[0006] An embodiment of the present application provides a power module for driving a magnet in a magnetic confinement fusion device. A plurality of the power modules can be connected in series and / or in parallel to form a target power system to power the magnet based on a target power requirement of the magnet. The power module includes: a capacitor module, including a supercapacitor, a charging circuit and a discharging circuit, the charging circuit being used to connect to a charging power source to charge the supercapacitor, and the discharging circuit being used to connect to the magnet through a bus to discharge the magnet; a signal acquisition module connected to the capacitor module to collect a status signal of the capacitor module; a module controller connected to the capacitor module and the signal acquisition module, respectively, to control the charging and discharging status of the capacitor module and to monitor the capacitor module based on the status signal; a communication module connected to the module controller to communicate with module controllers of other power modules or a main controller of the power system.

[0007] In one embodiment, the power module further includes: a module protection unit, which is arranged in the discharge circuit and is used to protect the power module.

[0008] In one embodiment, the module protection unit includes at least one of the following circuits: a current balancing circuit, which is used to balance the discharge current of each supercapacitor when the multiple power modules build the power system; a discharge circuit, which is respectively connected to the supercapacitor and the module controller, and is used to discharge the electricity in the supercapacitor when triggered by the module controller; a buffer circuit, which is used to buffer the peak pulse when the discharge circuit is turned off; and an overcurrent / overvoltage protection circuit, which is used to protect the discharge circuit from overcurrent / overvoltage.

[0009] In one embodiment, the discharge circuit includes: a first control switch, a freewheeling element and a drive unit, wherein the drive unit is connected to the control end of the first control switch, the first control switch and the freewheeling element are connected in series at both ends of the supercapacitor, and the two ends of the freewheeling element are used to be connected to the magnet coil through the busbar.

[0010] In one embodiment, when the driving unit receives a discharge instruction, it controls the first control switch to close, thereby connecting the supercapacitor to the bus, and the supercapacitor discharges to the magnet through the bus; when the driving unit receives a stop discharge instruction, it controls the first control switch to open, thereby disconnecting the connection between the supercapacitor and the bus, and the magnet can form a freewheeling circuit through the bus and the freewheeling element to release the charge in the magnet.

[0011] In one embodiment, the freewheeling element includes a second control switch, the second control switch is connected in series with the first control switch, and a control end of the second control switch is connected to an output end of the driving unit.

[0012] According to the second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a power supply system, comprising a plurality of power supply modules as described in any one of the first aspect above; the plurality of power supply modules are connected in series and / or in parallel on the bus to supply power to the magnet; a main controller communicates with the module controller of each of the power supply modules through the communication module, respectively, to receive a status signal of each of the power supply modules, and to control the working state of the power supply system based on the status signal.

[0013] In one embodiment, the power supply system further includes: a clock synchronization module, which is respectively connected to the plurality of power supply modules and is used to synchronize the action clocks of the plurality of power supply modules.

[0014] In one embodiment, the main controller is connected to the discharge circuit of the power supply module respectively, and is used to output a discharge instruction or a stop discharge instruction to the discharge circuit to control the discharge circuit to discharge or stop discharge; the clock synchronization module includes a first synchronization unit, which is connected between the main controller and the discharge circuit, and is used to synchronize the discharge instruction or the stop discharge instruction.

[0015] In one embodiment, the clock synchronization module further includes a second synchronization unit, which is connected to the module controllers respectively and is used to synchronize the clocks between the module controllers.

[0016] In one embodiment, before outputting the discharge instruction, the main controller determines whether each of the power modules is in a normal state based on the state signal; when the power module is in a normal state, the main controller outputs the discharge control instruction.

[0017] In one embodiment, when there is a power module in an abnormal state, the main controller or the module controller shields the power module in the abnormal state.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this application are at least:

[0019] Each power module can have a supercapacitor and a charging circuit and a discharging circuit that can independently charge and discharge the supercapacitor, and each power module is also provided with an independent signal acquisition module and a module controller, the state signal of the capacitor module is acquired by the signal acquisition module, and the capacitor module is independently controlled and monitored by the module controller, so that each power module can operate independently. Therefore, the power module in this embodiment can be used as a universal module of the power system of the magnet in the magnetic confinement fusion device and can be flexibly assembled according to the target required voltage and / or target required current. In addition, a single power module can be maintained without affecting the normal operation of the power system of the magnet; when the target required voltage and / or target required current changes, it is only necessary to increase the number of series and / or parallel power modules according to the new target required voltage and / or new target required current, which has strong versatility and relatively simple maintenance.

[0020] Furthermore, each power module may also include a module protection unit, which can provide independent protection functions for the power module in a working state or a non-working state, which is equivalent to dispersing the risks of the entire power system to a single power module. Even if a problem occurs in a single power module, since the single power module has a module protection unit and can be protected independently, the impact on other modules is also small, and the voltage and current levels of a single power module are low. Therefore, the violent energy caused by an accident can be reduced, thereby ensuring the safety of the overall power system.

[0021] Furthermore, a current balancing circuit is provided in the discharge loop, and is used to balance the discharge current of the supercapacitor when the multiple power modules build the power system. The discharge current of each power module in the power system is balanced by the current balancing module to ensure the uniformity of the current between the parallel modules.

[0022] Furthermore, the module protection unit also includes a discharge circuit, which is connected to the supercapacitor and the module controller respectively, and is used to discharge the electricity in the supercapacitor under the triggering of the module controller. After the power supply system is finished working, the module controller can control the corresponding discharge control unit to conduct the path between the corresponding discharge resistor and the supercapacitor, thereby releasing the residual energy on the supercapacitor. Not only can the discharge efficiency be improved and the heat concentration problem during energy discharge be reduced, but a single power module has independent charging and discharge control capabilities, so it can become a power supply with complete and independent discharge capabilities.

[0023] Furthermore, the target current and target voltage required for the magnet can be adaptively built by connecting multiple power modules in parallel and / or in series. The main controller communicates with the module controller of each of the power modules respectively. During the discharge process, the module controller collects the real-time current signal of the current power module during the discharge process, the trigger status signal of the discharge circuit, etc. through its own signal acquisition module and uploads them to the main controller. The main controller can monitor the operating status of each power module based on the working status of each power module uploaded by each module controller. Before discharge or in idle state, the module controller can upload the status information such as the voltage, temperature, temperature of the switching circuit, and driving power supply status of the switching circuit collected by the signal acquisition device to the main controller. The main controller can analyze the status of the entire power system in real time and automatically alarm, so that when a problem occurs, it can be discovered immediately and the problem can be accurately located.

[0024] Furthermore, the discharge circuits of each power module can be uniformly controlled by the main controller. In order to enable the switch command to trigger the first control switches of all power modules at the same time, a first synchronization unit is arranged between the main controller and each power module. After the first synchronization unit receives the command sent by the main controller, the command is synchronized to each power module to ensure that the operating actions of each power module are in a synchronized state.

[0025] Furthermore, a second synchronization unit is arranged between each module controller, and the second synchronization unit is connected to the module controller respectively, and is used to synchronize the clocks between the module controllers, thereby ensuring that the clock error between the module controllers is small, thereby enabling the status signals uploaded by the module controllers of each power module received by the main controller to be synchronized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary power supply module for driving magnets in a magnetic confinement fusion device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of an exemplary power supply module for driving magnets in a magnetic confinement fusion device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another exemplary power supply module for driving magnets in a magnetic confinement fusion device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an exemplary power supply system according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to enable ordinary technicians in this field to better understand the solution of this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0034] The present application provides a power module for driving magnets in a magnetic confinement fusion device. The power module adopts a modular design. Multiple power modules can be connected in series and / or in parallel to construct a power system for driving the magnets based on the target power demand of the magnets to power the magnets.

[0035] See also Figure 1 As shown, the power module may include:

[0036] Capacitor module 11, signal acquisition module 12, module controller 13 and communication module 14. The capacitor module 11 includes a supercapacitor 111, a charging circuit 112 and a discharging circuit 113, wherein the charging circuit 112 is used to connect with a charging power source to charge the supercapacitor 111, and the discharging circuit 113 is used to connect with the magnet through a busbar to discharge the magnet.

[0037] A signal acquisition module 12 is connected to the capacitor module 11 and is used to collect the status signal of the capacitor module 11; a module controller 13 is respectively connected to the capacitor module 11 and the signal acquisition module 12, and is used to control the charging and discharging status of the capacitor module 11 and monitor the capacitor module 11 based on the status signal. The module controller 13 can adopt a Raspberry Pi or an MCU; a communication module 14 is connected to the module controller 13 and is used to communicate with the module controllers 13 of other power modules or the main controller 20 of the power system.

[0038] As an exemplary embodiment, the status signal may include a current signal, a voltage signal, a trigger feedback signal of the charging circuit 112 and / or the discharging circuit 113, the real-time temperature of the supercapacitor 111, and the real-time temperature of the power device in the charging circuit 112 and / or the discharging circuit 113, and a communication status signal of the communication module, etc.

[0039] In this embodiment, the current signal can be collected by a current sensor for the charging current of the charging circuit 112 in the charging state or the discharging state and / or the discharging current of the discharging circuit 113, for example, a current sensor such as a Hall current sensor shunt or an electromagnetic current transformer can be used. The voltage signal can be collected by a voltage sensor for the voltage of the supercapacitor 111, for example, the voltage of the supercapacitor 111 in the idle state, or by a current sensor for the current during the charging process or the discharging process, and then the voltage of the supercapacitor 111 can be calculated by the current.

[0040] In this embodiment, the temperature signal may be collected by using a temperature sensor, and the trigger feedback signal may be collected by collecting the voltage or level change of the feedback circuit through the feedback circuit and the corresponding feedback terminal.

[0041] In some magnetic confinement fusion devices, there is a related technology of using capacitor energy storage to construct a power supply system in the driving power supply of the magnet. Specifically, a capacitor bank is first formed in the form of an array through multiple capacitors. As an energy storage element, the capacitor bank is connected to an inverter to discharge the coil, wherein the role of the inverter is to control the switch and modulate the current waveform. However, the energy storage capacitor currently used as a magnet driving power supply is basically a conventional aluminum electrolytic capacitor. This capacitor has a low energy density, resulting in a small energy storage of the power supply based on this, making the discharge time shorter, and unable to meet the requirement of the fusion device to continuously and slowly discharge the power supply during the discharge process. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a supercapacitor with higher energy density is used to overcome the disadvantage of low energy storage of electrolytic capacitors, and can be used for long-term discharge.

[0042] In one embodiment, the load of the magnetic confinement fusion device may change during actual application. Therefore, in order to adapt to more load conditions and make the power supply system more scalable and reliable when supplying power to the magnetic confinement fusion device, each power supply module may have a supercapacitor 111 and a charging circuit 112 and a discharging circuit 113 that can independently charge and discharge the supercapacitor 111. In addition, each power supply module is also provided with an independent signal acquisition module 12 and a module controller 13. The signal acquisition module 12 acquires the state signal of the capacitor module 11, and the module controller 13 realizes independent charge and discharge state control and monitoring of the capacitor module 11, thereby enabling each power supply module to operate independently. Therefore, the power supply module in this embodiment can be used as a universal module of the power supply system of the magnet in the magnetic confinement fusion device and can be flexibly assembled according to the target required voltage and / or target required current. Furthermore, a single power module can be maintained without affecting the normal operation of the power supply system of the magnet; when the target required voltage and / or target required current changes (the load changes), it is only necessary to adaptively increase the number of series and / or parallel power modules according to the new target required voltage and / or new target required current. It has strong versatility and relatively simple maintainability.

[0043] In this embodiment, the module controller 13 in each power module can collect the status signal in the current power module through the respective signal acquisition module 12, and can communicate with the main controller 20 through the communication module, so that the power system constructed by multiple power modules can be analyzed in real time, automatically alarm, and immediately find and accurately locate the problem when a problem occurs. At the same time, since each power module can be triggered independently and has independent working status monitoring, it can perform feedback control independently, which provides the possibility of using carrier phase shifting technology to modulate the total current waveform, and multiple modules in parallel can reduce the current ripple to a very small level at an extremely high equivalent switching frequency.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, the working principle of the power module is introduced in detail with an exemplary circuit schematic diagram of a single power module:

[0045] The capacitor module 11 may include a supercapacitor 111, a charging circuit 112 and a discharging circuit 113, wherein the discharging circuit 113 may include: a switching circuit 1131 and a driving unit 1132 of the switching circuit, wherein the switching circuit 1131 includes a first control switch Q1 and a freewheeling element, the driving unit 1132 is connected to the control end of the first control switch Q1, the first control switch Q1 and the freewheeling element are connected in series at both ends of the supercapacitor 111, and the two ends of the freewheeling element are used to be connected to the magnet coil through the busbar.

[0046] As an exemplary embodiment, the first control switch Q1 may be an IGBT, a MOS tube, a relay or other controllable switch device. In order to ensure the withstand voltage level and the switching rate, in this embodiment, an IGBT may be used as an example for explanation:

[0047] The gate of the first control switch Q1 is connected to the driving unit 1132, and is used to open and close under the drive of the driving unit 1132. The collector of the first control switch Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the supercapacitor 111, and the emitter of the first control switch Q1 is respectively connected to the positive electrode of the bus and connected to the negative electrode of the freewheeling element. The positive electrode of the freewheeling element is respectively connected to the negative electrode of the bus and the negative electrode of the supercapacitor 111.

[0048] When receiving a discharge instruction, the driving unit 1132 controls the first control switch Q1 to close, thereby turning on the connection between the supercapacitor 111 and the busbar, and the supercapacitor 111 discharges to the magnet through the busbar; when receiving a stop discharge instruction, the driving unit 1132 controls the first control switch Q1 to open, thereby disconnecting the connection between the supercapacitor 111 and the busbar, and the magnet can form a freewheeling circuit through the busbar and the freewheeling element to release the electricity in the magnet.

[0049] In this embodiment, the freewheeling element can be a freewheeling diode, the positive electrode of the freewheeling diode is connected to the negative electrode of the supercapacitor 111 and to the negative electrode of the bus, the negative electrode of the freewheeling diode is respectively connected to the emitter of the first control switch Q1 and the positive electrode of the bus, and the collector of the first control switch Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the supercapacitor 111.

[0050] In one embodiment, the freewheeling element may also be an IGBT, that is, a second control switch Q2 that is the same as the first control switch Q1, wherein the emitter of the second control switch Q2 is respectively connected to the negative electrode of the supercapacitor 111 and the negative electrode of the bus; the collector of the second control switch Q2 is respectively connected to the emitter of the first control switch Q1 and the positive electrode of the bus. During the discharge process and the stop-discharge process, the second control switch Q2 is always in the off state, and the reverse-parallel diode thereof is used for freewheeling.

[0051] As an exemplary embodiment, each power module is also provided with an independent charging circuit 112, and the charging circuit 112 may include a third control switch, wherein the control end of the third control switch is connected to the module controller 13, one end of the third control switch is used to connect to the charging power supply, and the other end is connected to the supercapacitor 111. In this embodiment, the module controller 13 of each power module can control the charging circuit 112 to independently control the charging of the supercapacitor 111.

[0052] In this embodiment, the charging power supply may be a low-voltage DC power supply, which is connected to an external power supply, for example, a 220V / 380V / 110V AC power supply, to convert the voltage of the external power supply into a voltage that can charge the supercapacitor 111. In this embodiment, the charging power supply may include a rectifier circuit to convert AC power into a DC voltage for charging the supercapacitor. When the external power supply is a DC power supply, the charging power supply adopts a DC voltage conversion circuit, for example, a BUCK converter, a BUOOST converter, or a BUCK-BOOST converter.

[0053] In one embodiment, the charging power supply can also be reused as a power supply for the module controller 13, the drive unit 1132, etc. that require low-voltage DC power. In this embodiment, the external power supply can be converted into a 15V and / or 24V DC power supply to provide the low-voltage power supply required on the power module.

[0054] As an exemplary embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, each power module may further include a module protection unit 15, which is disposed in the discharge circuit 113 and is used to protect the power module.

[0055] In this embodiment, the module protection unit 15 can provide independent protection functions for the power module in a working state or a non-working state, which is equivalent to dispersing the risk of the entire power system to a single power module. Even if a problem occurs in a single power module, since the single power module has a module protection unit 15, it can be protected independently, so the impact on other modules is also small, and the voltage and current levels of a single power module are low. Therefore, the violent energy caused by an accident can be reduced, thereby ensuring the safety of the overall power system.

[0056] Since the supercapacitors 111 may be different, and when a power system is constructed using multiple power modules, the charging state, power level, and discharge state of the supercapacitors 111 in each power module may be inconsistent, when the power system is discharged, the discharge currents of each power module may be inconsistent.

[0057] In one embodiment, the module protection unit 15 includes: a current balancing circuit 151, which is arranged in the discharge circuit 113 and is used to balance the discharge current of the supercapacitor 111 when the multiple power modules build the power system. In this embodiment, the discharge current of each power module in the power system is balanced by the current balancing module to ensure the uniformity of the current between the parallel modules.

[0058] In one embodiment, the current balancing circuit 151 may include a current balancing resistor R1, such as Figure 2As shown, the current-sharing resistor R1 can be connected in series at the output end of the supercapacitor 111, that is, connected in series between the supercapacitor 111 and the drain of the first control switch Q1. If the output current of the current power module is relatively high, the voltage drop on the current balancing will increase, thereby reducing the output current and achieving the purpose of current balancing.

[0059] In another embodiment, the current balancing circuit 151 may include a dynamic current balancing circuit, which can be connected to the signal acquisition module 12 or the module controller 13, and adjust the voltage drop of the current power module output in real time based on the current power module output current, and then adjust the current output of the current power module based on the difference between the actual output current of the current power module and the theoretical output current, so that the output current is the same as the theoretical output current, thereby achieving the purpose of current balancing.

[0060] In this embodiment, the dynamic current balancing circuit can reuse the first control switch and dynamically adjust the discharge current of the current power module through the duty cycle of the first control switch. In this embodiment, after obtaining the real-time discharge current of the power module, the module controller determines the duty cycle of the first control switch based on the real-time discharge current, and outputs a duty cycle control instruction to the drive unit, so that the drive unit controls the first control switch according to the corresponding duty cycle, thereby dynamically adjusting the discharge current in real time.

[0061] In another embodiment, the dynamic current balancing circuit may further include a fourth control switch connected in series in the discharge loop. After acquiring the real-time discharge current of the power module, the module controller determines the duty cycle of the fourth control switch based on the real-time discharge current, thereby dynamically adjusting the discharge current in real time. As an exemplary embodiment, the module protection unit 15 may include: a discharge circuit 152, connected to the supercapacitor 111 and the module controller 13, respectively, for discharging the charge in the supercapacitor 111 under the triggering of the module controller 13.

[0062] Exemplarily, the discharge circuit 152 may include a discharge resistor and a discharge control unit, wherein the discharge control unit is connected to the module controller 13, and is used to open or close the path between the discharge resistor and the super capacitor 111 under the triggering of the module controller 13. In this embodiment, the discharge resistor may be a water-cooled resistor, which can have sufficient heat dissipation capacity when discharging the residual power in the super capacitor 111.

[0063] In this embodiment, after the power system finishes working, the module controller 13 can control the corresponding discharge control unit to conduct the path between the corresponding discharge resistor and the super capacitor 111, thereby releasing the residual energy on the super capacitor 111. A single power module has independent charging and discharge control capabilities, which can not only improve the discharge efficiency and reduce the heat concentration problem during energy discharge, but also become a power supply with complete and independent discharge capabilities.

[0064] As an exemplary embodiment, in order to ensure that the remaining energy in the supercapacitor 111 can be discharged safely and timely after an accident occurs, a plurality of discharge circuits 152 may be redundantly provided for each power module.

[0065] As an exemplary embodiment, the module protection unit 15 further includes: a buffer circuit 153, connected in parallel in the discharge circuit 113, for buffering the peak pulse when the discharge circuit 113 is turned off. Exemplarily, the buffer circuit 153 can be connected in parallel between the supercapacitor 111 and the first control switch Q1, including a first resistor R2, a first capacitor C1 and a first diode D1, wherein one end of the first resistor R2 is connected between the supercapacitor 111 and the collector of the first control switch Q1, and the other end is connected to the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1, and the negative electrode of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the negative electrode (bus negative electrode) of the supercapacitor 111; the first diode D1 is connected in parallel with the first resistor R2, wherein the negative electrode of the first diode D1 is connected between the supercapacitor 111 and the collector of the first control switch Q1, and the positive electrode of the first diode D1 is connected to the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1.

[0066] Since the bus from the supercapacitor 111 to the first control switch Q1 has a large distributed inductance, a large spike voltage will be generated on the bus after the first control switch Q1 is turned off, which may cause overvoltage damage to other components. The buffer circuit 153 is used to prevent the generation of spikes. When turned off, the current quickly charges the first capacitor C1 through the first diode D1, so the voltage across the bus is controlled by the first capacitor C1, and the first resistor R2 connected in parallel with the first diode D1 can consume the energy on the first capacitor C1, thereby preventing circuit oscillation.

[0067] As an illustrative example, the buffer circuit 153 can also be connected in parallel between the collector and the emitter of the first control switch Q1, and includes a second resistor R3, a second diode D2, and a second capacitor C2, wherein one end of the second resistor R3 is connected to the collector of the first control switch Q1, and the other end is connected to the positive electrode of the second capacitor C2, the negative electrode of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the collector of the first control switch Q1, the negative electrode of the second diode D2 is connected to the collector of the first control switch Q1, and the positive electrode of the second diode D2 is connected to the positive electrode of the second capacitor C2. When the first control switch Q1 is turned off, the buffering principle for the spike pulse generated in the circuit is the same as the principle of the buffer circuit 153 in the above embodiment, and will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0068] As an exemplary embodiment, the protection unit may further include an overcurrent / overvoltage protection circuit 154, which is arranged in the discharge circuit 113 and is used to perform overcurrent / overvoltage protection on the discharge circuit 113. In this embodiment, the overcurrent / overvoltage protection circuit 154 may include a fuse F1 connected in series at the output end of the supercapacitor 111 as an overcurrent protection device. When the output current is too large, the fuse F1 is turned on and off to cut off the current power module discharge circuit 113.

[0069] The overcurrent / overvoltage protection circuit 154 may further include: a varistor R4 connected in parallel to the output end of the power module. When the bus voltage is too high, the varistor R4 can protect the supercapacitor 111 module 11 from overvoltage damage.

[0070] The present application also provides a power supply system such as Figure 4 As shown, the power supply system can be constructed by connecting multiple power modules in the above embodiments in parallel or in series. In this embodiment, multiple power modules are connected in series and / or in parallel on the bus to supply power to the magnet; the main controller 20 communicates with the module controller 13 of each power module through the communication module, respectively, to receive the status signal of each power module, and control the working state of the power supply system based on the status signal.

[0071] In this embodiment, each power module has a complete power supply with independent unit voltage and unit current output capabilities. After determining the target voltage and target current required for the magnet, the number of power modules in parallel is determined by calculating the multiple relationship between the target current and the unit current, and the number of multiple parallel branches is determined by calculating the rated multiple relationship between the target voltage and the unit voltage.

[0072] For example, the unit voltage of the output of the supercapacitor 111 in each power module is 129V, the unit current of the output is 1.2kA, and the current required by the magnet in the magnetic confinement fusion device is 110KA. Therefore, by connecting more than or equal to 126 power modules in parallel to power the magnet, when the internal resistance R of the magnet is 0.93mΩ and the self-inductance L is 590uH, the power system can output a maximum current I peak >110kA, discharge duration t>1s, corresponding to the field strength B at the magnetic axis of the tokamak T >1T.

[0073] Therefore, the target current and target voltage required for the magnet can be adaptively built by connecting multiple power modules in parallel and / or in series. The main controller 20 communicates with the module controller 13 of each power module respectively. During the discharge process, the module controller 13 collects the real-time current signal of the current power module during the discharge process through its own signal acquisition module 12, and the trigger state signal of the discharge circuit 113 is uploaded to the main controller 20. The main controller 20 can monitor the operating status of each power module based on the working status of each power module uploaded by each module controller 13. Before discharge or in idle state, the module controller 13 can upload the voltage, temperature, temperature of the switch circuit, driving power supply status of the switch circuit and other status information of the supercapacitor 111 collected by the signal acquisition device to the main controller 20. The main controller 20 can analyze the status of the entire power system in real time and automatically alarm, so that when a problem occurs, it can be immediately discovered and accurately located.

[0074] As an exemplary embodiment, in order to ensure that the operating status of each power module is synchronized, in this embodiment, the power system also includes a clock synchronization module 30, which is respectively connected to the multiple power modules and is used to synchronize the action clocks of the multiple power modules.

[0075] As an exemplary embodiment, since the power supply system is constructed by connecting multiple power modules in parallel and / or in series, the multiple power modules discharge the magnet as a whole. In this embodiment, the discharge circuit 113 of each power module can be uniformly controlled by the main controller 20. Exemplarily, the main controller 20 is connected to the discharge circuit 113 of the power module, and is used to output a discharge control instruction and a stop discharge control instruction to the discharge circuit 113 to control the discharge circuit 113 to discharge or stop discharge. The main controller 20 can be connected to the control end of the first control switch Q1 of the discharge circuit 113 in each power module respectively. When discharging is required, the main controller 20 outputs a discharge instruction and controls the first control switches Q1 of all power modules to be closed, and all power modules start to discharge. When discharging needs to be stopped, the main controller 20 outputs a stop discharge instruction and controls the first control switches Q1 of all power modules to be disconnected to stop discharging.

[0076] In this embodiment, in order to enable the switch instruction to trigger the first control switches of all power modules at the same time, a first synchronization unit 31 is arranged between the main controller 20 and each power module. After the first synchronization unit 31 receives the instruction sent by the main controller 20, the instruction is synchronized to each power module to ensure that the operating actions of each power module are in a synchronized state.

[0077] In one embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown, the first synchronization unit 31 may include a multi-channel parallel fiber optic trigger, the input end of the fiber optic trigger is connected to the switch instruction output end of the main controller 20, and the fiber optic trigger synchronously outputs the switch instruction to control the switch of each power module to be in a synchronous state. In this embodiment, the fiber optic trigger can ensure that the switch delay is less than 1us and the synchronization error between modules is less than 50ns, which can meet the requirements of simultaneous discharge of multiple power modules in the power supply system.

[0078] In another embodiment, when the main controller 20 determines the status of each power module, the status information of each power module also needs to be synchronized. Therefore, a second synchronization unit 32 is also arranged between each module controller 13. The second synchronization unit 32 is respectively connected to the module controller 13 for synchronizing the clocks between the module controllers 13. As an exemplary embodiment, the second synchronization unit 32 can use the clock of one of the multiple power modules as the master clock, and synchronize the clocks of the remaining power modules through the Precision Timing Protocol (PTP).

[0079] In addition, the second synchronization unit 32 can also use a satellite clock synchronization system to synchronize the clocks of each power module. In this embodiment, the second synchronization unit 32 can also use other clock synchronization methods, for example, using the Network Time Protocol (NTP); Time-Sensitive Networking (TNS) and other clock synchronization methods to synchronize the clocks in each power module.

[0080] As an exemplary embodiment, before discharging, the main controller 20 determines whether each of the power modules is in a normal state based on the state signal to ensure that the power system can discharge normally. Exemplarily, the main controller 20 detects the state of each power module separately by summarizing the power module state information uploaded by the module controller 13 of each power module, for example, detecting the voltage and temperature of the supercapacitor 111 in each power module, the temperature of the first control switch Q1, the power supply state of the driving unit of the first control switch Q1, etc., and determines whether the current power module has the discharge condition through the state information of the power module. If the voltage of the supercapacitor 111 is less than the preset voltage value, the temperature of the supercapacitor 111 exceeds the first preset temperature value, the temperature of the first control switch Q1 exceeds the second preset temperature value, and the driving power supply state of the first control switch Q1 is no power supply, it may cause discharge failure, so the current power module can be prohibited from discharging.

[0081] In another embodiment, before discharging, the main controller 20 also detects whether the communication status between each module controller and the main controller 20 is normal, and whether the remote control of the discharge circuit 113 between the main controller 20 and each power module is online. When the communication status is normal and the remote control is online, it is confirmed that discharging is possible. When the communication status is abnormal or the remote control is offline, the corresponding power module is prohibited from discharging.

[0082] Since the power supply system is constructed of multiple power supply modules, if the voltage of one or several power supply modules in the power supply system is relatively small, or the supercapacitor 111 is not charged, current backflow may occur during discharge. In another embodiment, the main controller 20 can also determine whether the voltage difference between each power supply module is greater than a preset voltage difference based on the status signal of the power supply module. When it is greater than the preset voltage difference, the voltage of the corresponding power supply module is detected. When the voltage is less than the preset voltage, the corresponding power supply module is prohibited from discharging, so as to prevent other power supply modules from backflowing current to the current power supply module.

[0083] In order to reduce the shutdown frequency of the power supply system, in this embodiment, when some power modules do not meet the discharge conditions, it can be determined whether the number of power modules that do not meet the discharge conditions is less than a preset number. When it is less than the preset number, it is confirmed that the discharge of the remaining power modules can meet the magnet's requirements for current and voltage. Therefore, the power modules that do not meet the discharge conditions can be shielded and other power modules can be discharged normally.

[0084] In this embodiment, the module controller of each power module can also individually control the first control switch Q1 in the discharge circuit 113 of the current power module. Before discharging, if the power module does not meet the discharge conditions and the number of power modules that do not meet the discharge conditions is less than a preset number, the main controller 20 can send an instruction to the module controller 13 to shield the discharge of the corresponding power module, so that the module controller 13 controls the discharge circuit 113 and the charging circuit 112 to remain disconnected.

[0085] As an exemplary embodiment, a fourth control switch may be connected in series between the discharge circuit 113 and the main controller 20 in the power module, and the control end of the fourth control switch is connected to the module controller 13. When the module controller 13 receives the shielding instruction from the main controller 20, the module controller 13 controls the fourth control switch to disconnect the connection between the discharge circuit 113 and the main controller 20, thereby disabling the control of the current power module by the main controller 20, and thereby making the discharge instruction sent by the main controller 20 not trigger the first control switch Q1 in the discharge circuit 113 of the current power module, and the first control switch Q1 remains disconnected. When the power supply system meets the power demand of the magnet, it can prevent the current backflow of other modules to the current power supply module. Even when some power supply modules do not have the discharge conditions, the power supply system can still supply power to the magnet, and can also protect the power supply that does not have the discharge conditions from current backflow or overcurrent and overvoltage damage.

[0086] The above is only a preferred implementation of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A power module for driving a magnet in a magnetic confinement fusion device, characterized in that: A plurality of the power modules may be connected in series and / or in parallel to form a target power system based on the target power requirement of the magnet to supply power to the magnet, and the power modules include: A capacitor module, comprising a supercapacitor, a charging circuit and a discharging circuit, wherein the charging circuit is used to be connected to a charging power source to charge the supercapacitor, and the discharging circuit is used to be connected to the magnet through a busbar to discharge the magnet; A signal acquisition module, connected to the capacitor module, and used to acquire a status signal of the capacitor module; A module controller, connected to the capacitor module and the signal acquisition module respectively, for controlling the charge and discharge state of the capacitor module and monitoring the capacitor module based on the state signal; A communication module is connected to the module controller and is used to communicate with module controllers of other power modules or a main controller of the power system.

2. The power module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A module protection unit is arranged in the discharge circuit and is used to protect the power module.

3. The power module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The module protection unit includes at least one of the following circuits: A current balancing circuit, used for balancing the discharge current of each supercapacitor when the multiple power modules are used to build the power system; A discharge circuit, connected to the supercapacitor and the module controller respectively, for discharging the electric quantity in the supercapacitor under the triggering of the module controller; A buffer circuit, used for buffering the peak pulse when the discharge circuit is turned off; The overcurrent / overvoltage protection circuit is used to perform overcurrent / overvoltage protection on the discharge circuit.

4. The power module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge circuit includes: a first control switch, a freewheeling element and a driving unit, wherein: The driving unit is connected to the control end of the first control switch, the first control switch and the freewheeling element are connected in series at both ends of the supercapacitor, and both ends of the freewheeling element are used to be connected to the magnetic coil through the busbar.

5. The power module according to claim 4, characterized in that: When receiving the discharge instruction, the driving unit controls the first control switch to close, thereby connecting the supercapacitor to the bus, so that the supercapacitor discharges to the magnet through the bus; When receiving the stop discharge instruction, the driving unit controls the first control switch to be disconnected to disconnect the connection between the supercapacitor and the busbar, and the magnet can form a freewheeling circuit through the busbar and the freewheeling element to release the electricity in the magnet.

6. The power module according to claim 4, characterized in that: The freewheeling element includes a second control switch, the second control switch is connected in series with the first control switch, and a control end of the second control switch is connected to an output end of the driving unit.

7. A power supply system, characterized in that: Comprising a plurality of power modules according to any one of claims 1 to 6; A plurality of the power modules are connected in series and / or in parallel on the bus bar to supply power to the magnet; The main controller communicates with the module controller of each of the power modules through the communication module, and is used to receive the status signal of each of the power modules and control the working state of the power system based on the status signal.

8. The power supply system according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: The clock synchronization module is connected to the plurality of power modules respectively and is used for synchronizing the action clocks of the plurality of power modules.

9. The power supply system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The main controller is connected to the discharge circuit of the power module respectively, and is used to output a discharge instruction or a stop discharge instruction to the discharge circuit to control the discharge circuit to discharge or stop discharge; The clock synchronization module includes a first synchronization unit connected between the main controller and the discharge circuit, and configured to synchronize the discharge instruction or the stop discharge instruction to the discharge circuit.

10. The power supply system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The clock synchronization module further includes a second synchronization unit, which is connected to the module controllers respectively and is used to synchronize the clocks between the module controllers.

11. The power supply system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The main controller determines whether each of the power modules is in a normal state based on the state signal before outputting the discharge instruction; When the power module is in a normal state, the discharge instruction is output.

12. The power supply system according to claim 11, wherein: When there is a power module in an abnormal state, the main controller or the module controller shields the power module in the abnormal state.

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