High-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization method for Jiaodong peninsula taros

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization method for Jiaodong peninsula taros, and particularly relates to the field of simplified fertilization of crops. The method comprises the steps of seed selection, seed treatment, soil preparation, fertilization, sowing, ridging, film mulching, irrigation treatment after film mulching, and subsequent conventional cultivation management until taro is mature. According to the method, sowing and fertilizing of the taros are completed at a time in combination with later-stage ridging, topdressing and ridging are not needed in the later stage, and therefore labor can be saved. According to taro planting, fertilization, ridging and film covering are completed at a time, and later-period labor force is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of light and simplified fertilization of crops, and in particular to a high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization method for taro in Jiaodong Peninsula. Background Art

[0002] Taro is a perennial tuberous plant, often planted as an annual crop. It likes high temperature and humidity, is not drought-tolerant, is relatively shade-tolerant, and has the characteristics of aquatic plants. It can be planted in paddy fields or dry land. The root system has weak absorption capacity and requires sufficient water throughout the growth period. It has a wide adaptability to soil, and fertile, deep, and water-retaining clay soil is preferred. Seed taro begins to germinate at 13-15℃, and the optimum growth temperature is above 20℃. The bulb is formed under short-day conditions, and the most suitable temperature for development is 27-30℃. In the event of low temperature and drought, it will grow poorly, seriously affecting the yield.

[0003] Taro is an alkaline food that can neutralize acidic substances accumulated in the body, adjust the body's acid-base balance, and produce the effects of beautifying the skin and blackening the hair. It can also be used to prevent and treat hyperacidity. Taro is rich in mucus saponins and a variety of trace elements, which can help the body correct physiological abnormalities caused by trace element deficiency. At the same time, it can increase appetite and aid digestion. Therefore, Chinese medicine believes that taro can replenish the middle and benefit Qi.

[0004] The taro of Jiaodong Peninsula is mainly grown in Laiyang, Weifang, Anqiu and other places in Shandong. Among them, the taro of Shandong is famous for Laiyang taro, which has thin skin, high starch and sugar content, good quality and is widely popular.

[0005] However, taro prefers high temperature and humidity, is not drought-resistant, is relatively shade-tolerant, and has the characteristics of an aquatic plant. The yield of taro grown in the Jiaodong Peninsula is not high and cannot be mass-produced. Moreover, taro cultivation in the Jiaodong Peninsula requires multiple fertilizations, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Summary of the invention

[0006] To this end, the present invention provides a high-yield and efficient one-time fertilization method for taro in Jiaodong Peninsula, so as to solve the problems of low yield of existing taro planting in Jiaodong Peninsula and the need for multiple fertilization.

[0007] Taro is rich in nutrition, containing 13% carbohydrates, mainly starch; about 2% protein, and very little fat. Taro also contains potassium, calcium, carotene, vitamin C, B vitamins, saponin and other ingredients, among which the fluorine content is relatively high, which has the effect of protecting teeth. Taro contains a natural polysaccharide plant colloid, which can increase appetite, help digestion, and have the effect of stopping diarrhea; at the same time, it has the function of dietary fiber, can moisturize the intestines and prevent constipation; and can improve the body's disease resistance and help recovery after illness.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization method for taro in Jiaodong Peninsula according to the present invention is characterized by comprising:

[0010] Prepare the land and dig trenches, spread organic fertilizer evenly on the surface, then rotary tillage to a depth of 15-20cm, harrow it after rotary tillage, and use a small agricultural machine to dig a fertilizer trench with a depth of 7-10cm on the prepared land; fertilization, evenly spread chemical fertilizers containing slow-release nitrogen fertilizers along the fertilizer trench; cover the soil, dig another shallow trench 25-30cm along one side of the fertilizer trench, and cover the chemical fertilizer in the fertilizer trench with the soil turned up when digging the shallow trench, about 2-3cm thick; sowing, place the treated taro in the fertilizer trench Seeds, sprouts in one direction, plant spacing 28-30cm. To prevent soil pests, pesticides and soil can be mixed in proportion and then evenly spread along the ditch; ridge making, with the fertilizer ditch as the central axis, pile up ridges 15-18cm from the ground; film covering, spray pesticides evenly on the surface of the ridges and then cover with film to prevent weed growth; then, open the second fertilizer ditch 70-80cm away from the first fertilizer ditch, with a row spacing of 70-80cm, and then repeat the process of fertilization, covering, sowing, ridge making and film covering in this cycle.

[0011] Furthermore, the method also includes seed selection, ridging and film covering after sowing, and subsequent conventional field management;

[0012] Furthermore, the seed selection is to select farm-grown taro bulbs that weigh 50g, are spherical, and have intact top buds;

[0013] And / or, the seed selection is Laiyang multi-seed taro, Laiyu 8520 or Luyu No. 1;

[0014] Furthermore, organic fertilizers are purchased from the market;

[0015] And / or, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 2000-2500kg / mu.

[0016] Furthermore, the chemical fertilizer containing slow-release nitrogen fertilizer also includes superphosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, and ordinary urea;

[0017] And / or, the chemical fertilizer containing slow-release nitrogen fertilizer specifically includes 15-20 kg / mu of ordinary urea, 40-50 kg / mu of coated controlled-release urea, 80-85 kg / mu of superphosphate, 45-55 kg / mu of potassium sulfate, and 5-15 kg / mu of zinc sulfate.

[0018] Furthermore, the chemical fertilizer containing slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing fertilizers including ordinary urea, coated controlled-release urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and zinc sulfate.

[0019] Furthermore, routine field management includes application of paclobutrazol, field weeding and control of pests and diseases.

[0020] Furthermore, the amount of paclobutrazol applied is 80-100 g / mu.

[0021] Furthermore, the field weeding is manual weeding or weeding with herbicides.

[0022] Furthermore, the pest control is carried out by spraying sulfamethoxazole.

[0023] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] During the growth of taro, soiling is required in the later stage. The method of the present invention is combined with soiling in the later stage during taro sowing and fertilization to complete the process at one time, and no soiling is required in the later stage, thereby saving labor. The present invention completes taro planting at one time through fertilization, ridging, and film covering, saving labor in the later stage.

[0025] Different from the traditional fertilization method of farmers which only uses common urea, compound fertilizer and other quick-acting fertilizers, the method of the present invention uses slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, and no topdressing is required in the later stage, thus saving labor for topdressing in the later stage.

[0026] In view of the fact that Shandong hilly areas have little water, the method of the present invention covers the taro with a film during planting to ensure that the taro has a large water demand in the later growth period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0028] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so as to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with the technology. They are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportion or adjustment of size shall still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization method for taro in Jiaodong Peninsula provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic longitudinal section of a high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization method for taro in Jiaodong Peninsula provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0031] In the figure, 1-film layer, 2-ridge formation, 3-ground, 4-taro planting layer, 5-soil layer, 6-slow-release fertilizer layer, 7-taro seeds. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by specific embodiments. People familiar with the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The organic fertilizer of the present invention is purchased from the market.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This embodiment provides a method for high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization of taro in Jiaodong Peninsula:

[0036] Step 1: Seed selection and processing

[0037] Select healthy and pollution-free taro Lai Yu 8520, and the taro seeds that meet the requirements as seeds, and sterilize the taro seeds to make taro seeds;

[0038] Step 2: Land preparation and trenching

[0039] Spread 2000kg / mu of organic fertilizer evenly on the ground surface, till and harrow it, and dig a fertilizer ditch with a depth of 7-10cm on the prepared land;

[0040] Step 3: Fertilizing and sowing

[0041] After evenly spreading a layer of slow-release fertilizer (200 parts / mu) in the ditch, spread 2-3cm of soil, and place the treated taro seeds in the ditch with the sprouts facing one direction and a spacing of 25-30cm;

[0042] Step 4: Ridge and film covering

[0043] The gullies where the taro seeds are placed are ridged with the location where the seeds are planted as the central axis, with a ridge height of 15-18cm, and finally covered with film;

[0044] Step 5, after covering the film, water the soil and carry out subsequent conventional cultivation management, apply 80 g / mu of paclobutrazol, manually weed, and spray the insecticide cypermethrin; cultivate until the taro matures.

[0045] The cross-sectional view of the taro planting schematic diagram of the present embodiment is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the longitudinal section is Figure 2 As shown;

[0046] Preferably, the slow-release fertilizer of this embodiment is prepared by uniformly mixing 15 kg / mu of ordinary urea, 40 kg / mu of coated controlled-release urea, 85 kg / mu of superphosphate, 45 kg / mu of potassium sulfate, and 15 kg / mu of zinc sulfate.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] This embodiment provides a method for high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization of taro in Jiaodong Peninsula:

[0049] Step 1: Seed selection and processing

[0050] Select healthy and pollution-free Laiyang multi-seed taro, and use taro of the required variety as seeds, sterilize the taro, and make taro seeds;

[0051] Step 2: Land preparation and trenching

[0052] Spread 2200kg / mu of organic fertilizer evenly on the ground surface, till and harrow, and dig a fertilizer ditch with a depth of 7-10cm on the prepared land;

[0053] Step 3: Fertilizing and sowing

[0054] After evenly spreading a layer of slow-release fertilizer (210 parts / mu) in the ditch, spread 2-3cm of soil, and place the treated taro seeds in the ditch with the sprouts facing one direction and a spacing of 25-30cm;

[0055] Step 4: Ridge and film covering

[0056] The gullies where the taro seeds have been placed are ridged with the location where the seeds are planted as the central axis, with a ridge height of 15-25cm, and finally covered with film;

[0057] Step 5, after covering the film, water the soil and carry out subsequent conventional cultivation management, apply 100 g / mu of paclobutrazol, manually weed, and spray the insecticide sulfamethoxazole; cultivate until the taro matures.

[0058] Preferably, the slow-release fertilizer of this embodiment is prepared by uniformly mixing 20 kg / mu of ordinary urea, 50 kg / mu of coated controlled-release urea, 80 kg / mu of superphosphate, 45 kg / mu of potassium sulfate, and 15 kg / mu of zinc sulfate.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] This embodiment provides a method for high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization of taro in Jiaodong Peninsula:

[0061] Step 1: Seed selection and processing

[0062] Select healthy and pollution-free Laiyang multi-seed taro, and use taro of the required variety as seeds, sterilize the taro, and make taro seeds;

[0063] Step 2: Land preparation and trenching

[0064] Spread 2500kg / mu of organic fertilizer evenly on the ground surface, till and harrow it, and dig a fertilizer trench with a depth of 7-10cm on the prepared land;

[0065] Step 3: Fertilizing and sowing

[0066] After evenly spreading a layer of slow-release fertilizer (205 parts / mu) in the ditch, spread 2-3cm of soil, and place the treated taro seeds in the ditch with the buds facing one direction and a spacing of 25-30cm between the plants;

[0067] Step 4: Ridge and film covering

[0068] The gullies where the taro seeds have been placed are ridged with the location where the seeds are planted as the central axis, with a ridge height of 15-25cm, and finally covered with film;

[0069] Step 5, after covering with film, watering is carried out, and subsequent conventional cultivation management is carried out, 100 g / mu of paclobutrazol is applied, manual weeding is carried out, and the insecticide sulfamethoxazole is sprayed; and cultivation is carried out until the taro is mature.

[0070] Preferably, the slow-release fertilizer of this embodiment is prepared by uniformly mixing 18 kg / mu of ordinary urea, 45 kg / mu of coated controlled-release urea, 82 kg / mu of superphosphate, 50 kg / mu of potassium sulfate, and 10 kg / mu of zinc sulfate.

[0071] Comparative Example 1

[0072] This comparative example provides a method for planting taro in the Jiaodong Peninsula, which differs from Example 1 in that the slow-release fertilizer in the ditch is replaced by an equal amount of soil, and other operations are completely consistent with the example.

[0073] Comparative Example 2

[0074] This comparative example provides a method for planting taro in the Jiaodong Peninsula, which differs from Example 1 in that the organic fertilizer in the ditch is replaced by an equal amount of soil, and other operations are completely consistent with the example.

[0075] Comparative Example 3

[0076] This comparative example provides a method for planting taro in the Jiaodong Peninsula, which differs from Example 1 in that the organic fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer in the ditch are replaced by an equal amount of soil, and other operations are completely consistent with the example.

[0077] Comparative Example 4

[0078] This comparative example provides a conventional Jiaodong Peninsula taro planting method:

[0079] 1. Land preparation and fertilization. Generally, land preparation is carried out in early to mid-March, with a deep plowing of more than 25 cm. Combined with land preparation, 5,000 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, 50 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and 20 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied per mu as base fertilizer.

[0080] 2. Variety selection: Laiyang 8520.

[0081] 3. Sowing. ① Germination. The seed taro is required to be about 50 grams. Choose a sunny day 15 days before sowing and spread the seed taro on a clean ground for 2 to 3 days to promote germination. Use the outdoor sunbed germination method to germinate, keep the temperature in the pool room at about 20℃, and it will germinate after 90 days. ② Sowing. The suitable sowing period is generally in mid-April, and sowing is stable when the ground temperature at 5 cm is above 12℃. 80 to 100 kilograms of taro are required per mu. Sowing method, row spacing 80 cm, dig a shallow ditch with a depth of 15 cm, and then irrigate with a small amount of water. After the water seeps, the seeds are arranged at a spacing of 30 cm, and then covered with soil with a thickness of 10 to 12 cm, and finally covered with film.

[0082] 4. Field management. ① Break the film and release the seedlings in time. Laiyang taro can emerge 20 to 25 days after sowing. To prevent high temperature from burning the seedlings, the film must be broken and the seedlings must be introduced in time. Note that the film opening should be small and the soil should be covered tightly around. ② Fertilizer and water management. Generally, no watering is required during the seedling stage. If there is severe water shortage, a small amount of water can be applied once. From mid-June to early July. The plant enters a vigorous growth period. Apply 30 to 40 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium triple compound fertilizer per mu and water it. This period is a period when Laiyang taro needs more fertilizer and water. It needs to be watered every 3 to 4 days to keep the soil moist at all times. ③ Soil cultivation. Use the soil-building method twice. The first time is in mid-July, when all the leaf buds are buried in the soil, away from light, and the soil thickness is 15 to 20 cm. The second time is in early August, when all the sprouting leaves are buried in the soil. Be careful not to step on the soil after building it up to prevent the soil from becoming compacted and affecting the expansion of the taro. If it rains and the soil is affected, it should be rebuilt in time.

[0083] 5. Disease and pest control. The main diseases and pests that harm Laiyang taro include leaf spot, rot, aphids and red spiders. ① Agricultural control. Select disease-resistant varieties; strengthen field management, adopt balanced fertilization technology with organic fertilizer as the main fertilizer to enhance the disease resistance of plants; promptly remove diseased and residual bodies in the field. ② Physical control. Hang silver-gray film strips in the field to avoid aphids. ③ Chemical control. To prevent and control leaf spot, spray with 800 times of 50% carbendazim or 2000 times of 75% thiophanate-methyl; to prevent and control rot, use 0.5 kg of methyl thiophanate and 300 kg of water to irrigate the roots; for aphids and red spiders, spray with 1500 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 6000 times of 10% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, and use it 2 to 3 times a year.

[0084] 6. Harvest.

[0085] Test example

[0086] The incidence rate, cost and yield per mu of taro in Jiaodong Peninsula were measured according to the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0087] Table 1

[0088] Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Incidence % 3％ 9％ 8.5％ 9.2％ 9.1％ Cost / Yuan 2500 2300 2400 2000 6000 Yield per mu / kg 2700 2100 2000 1900 2500

[0089] As can be seen from Table 1, the addition of slow-release fertilizer and organic fertilizer in the present invention can not only increase the per-acre yield of taro, but also reduce the cost. In addition, planting taro by the method of the present invention can also reduce the incidence of taro, thereby further increasing the per-acre yield.

[0090] Although the present invention has been described in detail above by general description and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made to the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization of taro in Jiaodong Peninsula, characterized in that: include: Prepare the land and dig trenches, spread organic fertilizer evenly on the surface, and then rotary tillage to a depth of 15-20cm. After rotary tillage, harrow it and use a small agricultural machine to dig a fertilizer trench with a depth of 7-10cm on the prepared land; Fertilization: evenly spread chemical fertilizers containing slow-release nitrogen fertilizers along the fertilizer ditch; covering with soil: dig another shallow ditch 25-30cm along one side of the fertilizer ditch, and use the soil turned up when digging the shallow ditch to cover the chemical fertilizers in the fertilizer ditch with a thickness of 2-3cm; Sowing: Place treated taro seeds in the fertilizer ditch, with the buds facing in one direction and the spacing between plants 28-30cm. To prevent soil pests, mix the pesticide with the soil in proportion and spread evenly along the ditch; Ridge making: pile up soil ridges 15-18cm above the ground with the fertilizer ditch as the central axis; Film covering: spray pesticide evenly on the surface of soil ridges and then cover with film to prevent weed growth; Afterwards, dig a second fertilizer ditch 70-80cm away from the first fertilizer ditch, with a row spacing of 70-80cm, and then repeat the process of fertilizing, covering with soil, sowing, ridge forming, and covering with film in the same cycle.

2. A method for high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization of taro in Jiaodong Peninsula according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes seed selection, ridging and film covering after sowing and subsequent routine field management.

3. A method for high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization of taro in Jiaodong Peninsula according to claim 2, characterized in that: The seed selection is to select farm-grown taro bulbs weighing 50g, in a spherical shape, with intact top buds; And / or, the seed selection is Laiyang Multi-seed Taro, Lai Yu 8520 or Lu Yu No.

1.

4. A method for high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization of taro in Jiaodong Peninsula according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is purchased from the market; And / or, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 2000-2500kg / mu.

5. A method for high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization of taro in Jiaodong Peninsula according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chemical fertilizer containing slow-release nitrogen fertilizer also includes superphosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, and ordinary urea; And / or, the chemical fertilizer containing slow-release nitrogen fertilizer specifically includes 15-20 kg / mu of ordinary urea, 40-50 kg / mu of coated controlled-release urea, 80-85 kg / mu of superphosphate, 45-55 kg / mu of potassium sulfate, and 5-15 kg / mu of zinc sulfate.

6. A method for high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization of taro in Jiaodong Peninsula according to claim 5, characterized in that: The chemical fertilizer containing slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing fertilizers including common urea, coated controlled-release urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and zinc sulfate.

7. A method for high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization of taro in Jiaodong Peninsula according to claim 2, characterized in that: Routine field management includes application of paclobutrazol, field weeding and control of pests and diseases.

8. A method for high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization of taro in Jiaodong Peninsula according to claim 7, characterized in that: The amount of paclobutrazol applied is 80-100 g / mu.

9. A method for high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization of taro in Jiaodong Peninsula according to claim 7, characterized in that: The field weeding is manual weeding or weeding with herbicides.

10. A method for high-yield and high-efficiency one-time fertilization of taro in Jiaodong Peninsula according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pest control method adopts spraying of sulfathione.

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