Fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive as well as preparation method and application thereof
By using a fermentation bag with a respiratory membrane in the feed for anaerobic fermentation at room temperature, the problems of high amount of Chinese herbal medicine and poor stability of the microbial fermentation process are solved, and efficient and stable poultry growth performance and cost reduction are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411726766.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-10
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, the amount of Chinese herbal medicines added to feed is high and the cost is high. The microbial fermentation process is aerobic, the production cycle is long and susceptible to contamination by miscellaneous bacteria, resulting in unstable product quality and a constant temperature is required to increase production costs.
A method for preparing fermented Chinese herbal feed additives is adopted, including preparing fermentation broth of Chinese herbal compound and fermented probiotics, and anaerobic fermentation liquid is used to ferment anaerobic fermentation bags with respiratory membranes. After mixing, it is directly used as a feed additive, simplifying the process and reducing costs.
It realizes effective fermentation of Chinese herbal medicines, improves the immunity and growth performance of poultry, reduces the incidence of disease, has high product stability, is easy to operate, reduces production costs, and avoids contamination of miscellaneous bacteria.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, and in particular to a growth-promoting and anti-oxidative fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art
[0002] In the contemporary livestock production process, the inappropriate use of antibiotics has had a serious impact on the safety of human food. Many European countries have clearly prohibited the use of antibiotic ingredients in animal feed. Since July 1, 2020, my country has required feed manufacturers to stop producing feed products containing any growth-promoting drug additives (except Chinese herbal medicine additives) to ensure the safety of animal-derived food and human health. Incorporating the active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines into feed can effectively resist diseases, enhance the immunity of animals and promote their growth. The use of microbial fermentation of Chinese herbal medicines for poultry feed development can effectively solve current problems.
[0003] However, the existing technologies still have the following problems: (1) The amount of Chinese herbal medicine added to feed is large, which is costly. (2) The current microbial fermentation process mainly adopts aerobic fermentation, which has a long production cycle and is easily contaminated by bacteria, resulting in poor product quality stability. (3) The existing microbial fermentation technology is carried out under specific conditions and needs to maintain a constant temperature, which undoubtedly increases production costs.
[0004] Therefore, a new technology of a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive and a preparation method thereof is urgently needed. Summary of the invention
[0005] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive and its preparation method and application, which can not only replace antibiotics, improve poultry production performance, enhance the antioxidant capacity of poultry serum, and reduce the occurrence of poultry diseases; at the same time, the production method is simple and clear, the product is stable, the operation is easy during use, and the production cost is reduced.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for preparing a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive, comprising the following steps:
[0007] (1) preparing a Chinese herbal medicine compound, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine compound comprises: codonopsis pilosula, astragalus, poria, Shenqu, malt, hawthorn, liquorice and betel nut;
[0008] (2) fermenting the fermented broth to produce probiotics respectively; the probiotics include: Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis;
[0009] (3) After mixing the fermentation liquid of the probiotics prepared in step (2), add water and stir evenly, then mix it with the Chinese herbal medicine compound prepared in step (1), stir evenly again, put it into a fermentation bag with a breathing membrane, seal it, and ferment it at room temperature, so as to obtain a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive product with growth-promoting and antioxidant effects.
[0010] Furthermore, in step (1), the Chinese herbal compound comprises, by weight: 15-25 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, 15-25 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 15-25 parts of Poria cocos, 5-15 parts of Shenqu, 5-15 parts of malt, 5-15 parts of hawthorn, 4-6 parts of licorice and 4-6 parts of betel nut.
[0011] Further, in step (2), the fermentation liquid of Bacillus coagulans is prepared by: inoculating Bacillus coagulans into LB medium for single strain enrichment culture, culturing at 34-37° C. and 150-220 rpm for 18-24 h to obtain seed liquid, and then inoculating the seed liquid into LB medium and culturing at 34-37° C. and 150-220 rpm for 30-36 h to obtain Bacillus coagulans fermentation liquid;
[0012] In step (2), the fermentation liquid of Lactobacillus plantarum is prepared, specifically by inoculating Lactobacillus plantarum into MRS medium for single strain enrichment culture, culturing at 34-37° C. for 24-48 h to obtain seed liquid, and then inoculating the seed liquid into MRS medium for culturing at 34-37° C. for 24-36 h to obtain Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid;
[0013] In step (2), the fermentation broth of Candida utilis is prepared by inoculating Candida utilis into a YPD medium for single strain enrichment culture, culturing at 28-30° C. and 150-200 rpm for 24-28 h to obtain a seed solution, and then inoculating the seed solution into a YPD medium for culturing at 28-30° C. and 150-200 rpm for 30-48 h to obtain a fermentation broth of Candida utilis.
[0014] Furthermore, in step (2), after being cultured in the fermentation broth, each probiotic reaches a maximum bacterial cell concentration of 5×10 7 CFU / mL and above.
[0015] Furthermore, the amount of the probiotics is: 2-4 parts of Bacillus coagulans, 2-4 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum and 2-4 parts of Candida utilis, calculated by volume.
[0016] Furthermore, in step (3), the added amount of the obtained mixed solution of Bacillus coagulans fermentation broth, Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth and Candida utilis fermentation broth is 5-10% of the weight of the Chinese herbal compound. To 100 parts of the Chinese herbal compound, 71-112 parts of water are added, stirred evenly, and then placed in a fermentation bag with a breathing membrane and sealed for fermentation.
[0017] Furthermore, in step (3), the room temperature fermentation is specifically: static anaerobic fermentation for 3 to 7 days in summer; static anaerobic fermentation for 10 to 15 days in winter; static anaerobic fermentation for 7 to 10 days in spring and autumn.
[0018] The present invention also provides a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive, which is prepared by adopting the above-mentioned preparation method of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive.
[0019] The present invention also provides an application of a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method in poultry farming, wherein the fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive is mixed evenly with the commonly used complete powder of poultry and fed, and the fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive is added according to 0.1% to 0.4% of the total weight of the feed.
[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0021] The present invention selects eight kinds of pure natural Chinese herbal medicines, including Codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus, Poria cocos, Shenqu, malt, hawthorn, licorice and betel nut, based on the dialectical theory of Weiqi Yingxue in traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, and compatibility is carried out in accordance with the principle of monarch, minister, assistant and envoy. Among them, Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus are the main drugs, which have the effect of strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi; Shenqu, hawthorn and malt are digestive and appetizing; Poria cocos is diuretic and invigorating, strengthening the spleen and stomach, and replenishing the middle qi; betel nut eliminates accumulation and expel parasites; licorice harmonizes various medicines. These herbs work together to enhance the immunity of animal bodies and promote growth. In addition, the Chinese herbal medicine powder in the present invention does not need high temperature sterilization or high temperature boiling, and the Chinese herbal medicine compound is directly a fermentation substrate without the need to add other auxiliary materials; the Chinese herbal medicine fermentation in the present invention is static, room temperature, anaerobic solid fermentation, and does not need to be cultured at a certain temperature in a fermentation tank; after the Chinese herbal medicine fermentation in the present invention is completed, it can be directly added to the feed for feeding, and does not need to be dried. The process is simple and easy to operate, the product is not easy to be contaminated with bacteria, and the product quality is stable.
[0022] (1) Replacement of antibiotics. The present invention provides a growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal feed additive, which uses Chinese herbal ingredients processed by a special fermentation process. It is not only rich in a large number of probiotics, but also contains rich biologically active substances, such as polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, etc. These ingredients have multiple physiological functions in animals, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory, and can comprehensively improve the health level and production capacity of animals. While ensuring the health of animals, it also effectively reduces the use of antibiotics, which is in line with the green breeding and ecological breeding concepts actively advocated by our country, helps to reduce the environmental burden, and enhances the sustainable development of animal husbandry.
[0023] (2) Reduce the occurrence of poultry diseases. The growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal feed additive provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the incidence of poultry diseases. These Chinese herbal ingredients have a significant inhibitory effect on common pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella, especially in compound preparations, where the antibacterial effect is particularly significant. In addition, these Chinese herbal additives have no inhibitory effect on the added probiotics. By fermenting the compound Chinese medicine with a variety of probiotics, the safety of the feed raw materials is ensured. The selected Chinese medicine has comprehensive effects such as invigorating the spleen and stomach, regulating qi and promoting digestion, enhancing immunity, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, and relieving stress.
[0024] (3) Improving poultry production performance. The present invention provides a growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive, which utilizes microbial fermentation technology to ferment Chinese herbal medicines, which can not only maintain their original pharmacological effects, but also enhance the probiotic effects of probiotics, thereby achieving an optimized combination of drug effects. During the fermentation process, Chinese herbal medicines provide sufficient nutrients for microorganisms, and the enzymes and metabolites produced by microorganisms during reproduction and metabolism help to extract the effective ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines, reduce potential side effects, and may generate new active substances, thereby improving drug efficacy. Fermented Chinese herbal medicines can improve the flavor of feed, increase the content of organic acids, and the sour and fragrant taste produced can improve the taste of feed, thereby stimulating the animal's interest in eating. Adding fermented Chinese herbal medicines to broiler feed can significantly increase their feed intake, growth rate and feed utilization, thereby optimizing poultry production performance.
[0025] (4) The invention provides a growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive, which has both growth-promoting and antioxidant functions. The additive can not only improve the utilization efficiency of feed, but also accelerate the growth rate of animals and improve their health level. During the fermentation process, the probiotics and digestive enzymes produced can effectively decompose the macromolecular substances in the Chinese herbal medicine, so that the animals can absorb nutrients more effectively. In addition, the additive improves the antioxidant capacity of poultry serum and reduces the occurrence of poultry diseases. Enzymatic antioxidants in the antioxidant defense system include SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, which can protect the body from the effects of peroxides. T-AOC represents the overall antioxidant capacity of the animal body; the antioxidant enzymes that remove active oxygen in the body include SOD and GSH-PX, SOD can remove superoxide anion free radicals, GSH-PX can remove peroxides and hydroxyls, and promote their metabolism to a dynamic equilibrium state; MDA is one of the final products of the degree of biological oxidative damage of lipid peroxidation reactions. Therefore, adding the fermented Chinese herbal medicine of the present invention can also effectively remove free radicals in the animal body, prevent free radicals from damaging animal cells, and thus improve the health level of the animal and reduce the incidence of diseases.
[0026] (5) The present invention provides a method for preparing a growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive, which utilizes a microbial fermentation packaging material with a respiratory membrane to carry out solid-state fermentation in an anaerobic environment to produce fermented Chinese herbal medicine. This production method is concise and clear, effectively avoiding contamination by miscellaneous bacteria, and ensuring the purity and stability of the product. After the Chinese medicine is dried and crushed, it is placed in a fermentation bag with a respiratory membrane together with the enriched composite probiotics for anaerobic fermentation. This not only shortens the fermentation cycle of the Chinese medicine, but also enables the active ingredients in the Chinese medicine to be fully utilized. At the same time, this method effectively avoids contamination by miscellaneous bacteria and ensures the purity and stability of the product.
[0027] (6) The growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive provided by the present invention is easy to operate during use, does not require drying treatment, and can be directly mixed with feed, which can effectively reduce production costs.
[0028] In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail below. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.
[0030] Embodiment 1:
[0031] Preparation method of growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive
[0032] In this embodiment, a growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials: Chinese herbal medicines are calculated by weight as follows: 20 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, 20 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 20 parts of Poria cocos, 10 parts of Shenqu, 10 parts of malt, 10 parts of hawthorn, 5 parts of licorice and 5 parts of betel nut; the bacterial liquid is calculated by volume as follows: 2 parts of Bacillus coagulans, 2 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum and 2 parts of Candida utilis; 94 parts of water.
[0033] The preparation method of the growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in this embodiment comprises the following steps:
[0034] (1) Accurately weigh codonopsis pilosula, astragalus, poria, Shenqu, malt, hawthorn, liquorice and betel nut according to their weight proportions, grind them separately, pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and mix them evenly.
[0035] (2) Accurately take 2 parts of Bacillus coagulans fermentation liquid, 2 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid and 2 parts of Candida utilis fermentation liquid according to their volume, mix them well, and add them to 94 parts of water and mix well.
[0036] (3) Add (2) to (1), mix and stir well, put into a fermentation bag with a breathing membrane, seal it, and perform static anaerobic solid fermentation at room temperature (fermentation for 3 to 7 days in summer and 10 to 15 days in winter), thereby obtaining a fermented Chinese herbal feed additive product with growth-promoting and antioxidant effects.
[0037] Prior to step (2), fermentation broths of probiotics (Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis) are respectively produced, specifically: Bacillus coagulans is inoculated into LB medium for single strain enrichment culture, cultured at 35°C and 180rpm for 22h to obtain seed liquid, and then the seed liquid is inoculated into LB medium for culture at 35°C and 180rpm for 34h to obtain fermentation broth for standby use; Lactobacillus plantarum is inoculated into MRS medium for single strain enrichment culture, cultured at 36°C for 40h to obtain seed liquid, and then the seed liquid is inoculated into MRS medium for cultured at 36°C for 34h to obtain fermentation broth for standby use; Candida utilis is inoculated into YPD medium for single strain enrichment culture, cultured at 29°C and 180rpm for 26h to obtain seed liquid, and then the seed liquid is inoculated into YPD medium for culture at 29°C and 180rpm for 42h to obtain fermentation broth for standby use. After cultivation with seed liquid and fermentation liquid, each probiotic reached the maximum bacterial volume, and the concentration of the fermentation liquid was guaranteed to be 6.5×10 7 CFU / mL and above.
[0038] Embodiment 2:
[0039] In this embodiment, the growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials: Chinese herbal medicines are calculated by weight: 25 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, 15 parts of Astragalus, 25 parts of Poria, 5 parts of Shenqu, 15 parts of malt, 5 parts of Hawthorn, 6 parts of Licorice and 4 parts of Areca. The bacterial liquid is calculated by volume: 2 parts of Bacillus coagulans, 2 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum and 2 parts of Candida utilis; 71 parts of water.
[0040] The preparation method of the growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in this embodiment comprises the following steps:
[0041] (1) Accurately weigh codonopsis pilosula, astragalus, poria, Shenqu, malt, hawthorn, liquorice and betel nut according to their weight proportions, grind them separately, pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and mix them evenly.
[0042] (2) Accurately take 2 parts of Bacillus coagulans fermentation liquid, 2 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid and 2 parts of Candida utilis fermentation liquid according to their volume, mix them well, and add them to 71 parts of water and mix well.
[0043] (3) Add (2) to (1), mix and stir well, put into a fermentation bag with a breathing membrane, seal it, and perform static anaerobic solid fermentation at room temperature (fermentation for 3 to 7 days in summer and 10 to 15 days in winter), thereby obtaining a fermented Chinese herbal feed additive product with growth-promoting and antioxidant effects.
[0044] Prior to step (2), probiotics (Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis) are fermented to produce fermentation broth respectively, specifically: Bacillus coagulans is inoculated into LB medium for single strain enrichment culture, and cultured at 34°C and 220rpm for 18h to obtain seed liquid, and then the seed liquid is inoculated into LB medium and cultured at 34°C and 220rpm for 30h to obtain fermentation broth for standby use; Lactobacillus plantarum is inoculated into MRS medium for single strain enrichment culture, and cultured at 34°C and static culture for 48h to obtain seed liquid, and then the seed liquid is inoculated into MRS medium and cultured at 34°C and static culture for 36h to obtain fermentation broth for standby use; Candida utilis is inoculated into YPD medium for single strain enrichment culture, and cultured at 28°C and 200rpm for 24h to obtain seed liquid, and then the seed liquid is inoculated into YPD medium and cultured at 28°C and 200rpm for 30h to obtain fermentation broth for standby use. After cultivation with seed liquid and fermentation liquid, each probiotic reaches the maximum bacterial volume, and the concentration of the fermentation liquid is guaranteed to be 5×10 7 CFU / mL and above.
[0045] Embodiment 3:
[0046] In this embodiment, the growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials: Chinese herbal medicines are calculated by weight: 15 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, 25 parts of Astragalus, 15 parts of Poria cocos, 15 parts of Shenqu, 5 parts of malt, 15 parts of Hawthorn, 4 parts of Licorice and 6 parts of Areca nut. The bacterial liquid is calculated by volume: 2 parts of Bacillus coagulans, 2 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum and 2 parts of Candida utilis; 112 parts of water
[0047] The preparation method of the growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in this embodiment comprises the following steps:
[0048] (1) Accurately weigh codonopsis pilosula, astragalus, poria, Shenqu, malt, hawthorn, liquorice and betel nut according to their weight proportions, grind them separately, pass through a 60-mesh sieve, and mix them evenly.
[0049] (2) Accurately take 2 parts of Bacillus coagulans fermentation liquid, 2 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid and 2 parts of Candida utilis fermentation liquid according to their volume, mix them well, and add them to 112 parts of water and mix well.
[0050] (3) Add (2) to (1), mix and stir well, put into a fermentation bag with a breathing membrane, seal it, and perform static anaerobic solid fermentation at room temperature (fermentation for 3 to 7 days in summer and 10 to 15 days in winter), thereby obtaining a fermented Chinese herbal feed additive product with growth-promoting and antioxidant effects.
[0051] Prior to step (2), fermentation broths of probiotics (Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis) are respectively produced by fermentation, specifically: Bacillus coagulans is inoculated into LB medium for single strain enrichment culture, and cultured at 37°C and 150rpm for 24 hours to obtain seed liquid, and then the seed liquid is inoculated into LB medium for culture at 37°C and 150rpm for 36 hours to obtain fermentation broth for standby use; Lactobacillus plantarum is inoculated into MRS medium for single strain enrichment culture, and cultured at 37°C for 24 hours to obtain seed liquid, and then the seed liquid is inoculated into MRS medium for cultured at 37°C for 24 hours to obtain fermentation broth for standby use; Candida utilis is inoculated into YPD medium for single strain enrichment culture, and cultured at 30°C and 150rpm for 28 hours to obtain seed liquid, and then the seed liquid is inoculated into YPD medium for culture at 30°C and 150rpm for 48 hours to obtain fermentation broth for standby use. After cultivation with seed liquid and fermentation liquid, each probiotic reaches the maximum bacterial volume, and the concentration of the fermentation liquid is guaranteed to be 8×10 7 CFU / mL and above.
[0052] Comparative Example 1:
[0053] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the types of added probiotics are changed, and the added probiotics are 3 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum and 3 parts of Candida utilis, and the rest are the same as Example 1.
[0054] Comparative Example 2:
[0055] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the fermentation method is changed. The fermentation method is to put the mixture of Chinese herbal medicine powder, fermentation liquid and water into a bucket, seal the bucket mouth with plastic, and ferment at room temperature. The rest is the same as Example 1.
[0056] Comparative Example 3:
[0057] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that the types of Chinese herbal medicines added are changed. The added Chinese herbal medicine compound is 20 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, 20 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 20 parts of Poria cocos, 5 parts of Licorice and 5 parts of Areca catechu, and the rest are the same as Example 1.
[0058] Animal experiments
[0059] The growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal feed additives in this experiment are the products prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. 240 22-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly selected from a chicken farm in Liuyang and randomly divided into 8 groups, 30 birds in each group. Among them, two control groups were set up, a blank control group and an unfermented Chinese herbal control group. The blank control group was fed with commercial broiler feed, and the unfermented Chinese herbal control group was fed with commercial broiler feed supplemented with 0.2% of the unfermented compound Chinese herbal powder prepared in step (1) of the present invention. Experimental groups 1 to 6 are commercial broiler feed supplemented with 0.2% of the growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal feed additives prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, respectively. The broilers were fed regularly and quantitatively for 21 consecutive days, and the initial weight and the weight at the end of the test of the broilers were recorded, and the daily weight gain and feed-to-weight ratio were calculated. At the end of the feeding experiment (day 22), there were 2 chickens in each replicate, and 6 chickens in each group. Blood samples were collected from the chickens and made into serum, which was then stored in a low-temperature box at 4°C and sent for testing to determine the content of T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity), SOD (superoxide dismutase), GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase), CAT (catalase), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum. The effects of growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal feed additives on the growth performance of broilers are shown in Table 1, and the effects on the antioxidant capacity of broiler serum are shown in Table 2.
[0060] Table 1 Effects of growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additives on the growth performance of broiler chickens
[0061]
[0062] According to the experimental results in Table 1, there is no significant difference in the average daily weight gain and feed-to-weight ratio of broiler chickens in Examples 1-3. However, compared with Comparative Examples 1-3, the average daily weight gain of Example 1 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 1-3 and the two control groups, and the feed-to-weight ratio of Example 1 is also significantly lower than that of Comparative Examples 1-3 and the two control groups. Compared with Example 1, the average daily weight gain of broiler chickens was 19.82±0.72. b Weight ratio to material: 2.85±0.2 a This is because comparative example 1 only adds a dual bacteria combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis, and compared with Example 1, no Bacillus coagulans is added. Since Bacillus coagulans belongs to the species of Bacillus that can produce lactic acid, it has the ability to withstand the acidic environment of gastric fluid and can successfully colonize in the intestine. After colonization, the bacteria helps to adjust the balance of the microbial community in the intestine and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. In addition, Bacillus coagulans can secrete a variety of digestive enzymes, which not only promotes the digestion process of feed, but also improves the absorption efficiency of nutrients, thereby promoting the growth of animals, and increasing their daily weight gain and feed conversion rate. Experimental studies on Chinese herbal medicine fermentation have shown that the fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive produced by the combined fermentation of Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis is better than the product produced by the combined fermentation of only Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis in promoting growth and anti-oxidation. Compared with Example 1, the average daily weight gain of 19.56±1.26 obtained in comparative example 2 b Weight ratio to material: 2.82±0.21 a , there is a significant difference. This is mainly because Comparative Example 2 changed the fermentation method. The fermentation method of Comparative Example 2 is to put a mixture of Chinese herbal powder, fermentation liquid and water into a barrel, seal the barrel mouth with plastic, and then ferment at room temperature. However, this fermentation method is easily affected by the external environment, cannot be completely sealed, and has poor air permeability, which is not conducive to the fermentation process, and is prone to bacterial contamination. At the same time, the product quality is difficult to maintain stability. In contrast, Example 1 uses a mixture of Chinese herbal powder, fermentation liquid and water into a fermentation bag with a breathing membrane, and uses air pressure balance membrane technology to solve technical problems such as gas control and bacterial contamination during the fermentation process. During the fermentation process, the gas produced by the microorganisms will be discharged through the breathing membrane after reaching the set pressure, and the outside air cannot enter the packaging bag. This one-way exhaust device ensures that the packaging bag is in an oxygen-free and bacteria-free environment, which not only ensures the activity of the microorganisms, but also enables the product to be stored and transported for a long time. Compared with Example 1, the results obtained in Comparative Example 3 show that the average daily weight gain is 19.25±0.78 b , material-to-weight ratio is 2.82±0.16 a, which are significantly different from those in Example 1. Comparative Example 3 makes adjustments to the ingredients of the Chinese medicine compound. It does not contain the Shenqu, malt and hawthorn in Example 1, but adds Codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus, Poria cocos, licorice and Areca nut. Shenqu can help digestion and eliminate accumulation, strengthen the spleen and stomach; Hawthorn can help strengthen the spleen and appetite, promote digestion, and has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis; Malt has the effect of promoting qi and digestion, strengthening the spleen and appetite. In the Chinese herbal medicine compound of Example 1, Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus are the main drugs, and their main function is to strengthen the spleen and replenish qi; Shenqu, hawthorn and malt can help digestion and stimulate appetite; Poria cocos can promote water and dampness, strengthen the spleen and stomach, and replenish the middle qi; Areca nut has the effect of eliminating accumulation and expelling parasites; Licorice has the effect of harmonizing various medicines. These Chinese herbal medicines work together to enhance the immunity of the animal body and promote growth. Compared with Example 1, the average daily weight gain of the unfermented Chinese medicine control group was 19.19±0.46. b Weight ratio to material: 2.81±0.22 a , the difference is significant, this is because compared with Example 1, the feed of the non-fermented Chinese medicine control group only added composite Chinese herbal medicine, no probiotics were added and fermented. In Example 1, we added fermented Chinese herbal medicine to the feed, which contained three probiotics: Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis. Through such a treatment, not only the original pharmacological activity of the Chinese herbal medicine is retained, but also the probiotic effect of the probiotics is enhanced, and the optimal combination of drug efficacy is achieved. During the fermentation process, the Chinese herbal medicine provides rich nutrients for the probiotics, and the enzymes and metabolites produced by the probiotics during growth and metabolism help to extract the effective ingredients of the Chinese herbal medicine, reduce potential side effects, and may generate new active substances, thereby improving the drug efficacy. These active ingredients can also adjust the balance of intestinal microorganisms, increase the secretion of digestive enzymes, and improve the digestion and absorption rate of nutrients. Compared with Example 1, the average daily weight gain of the blank control group was 19.05±0.72 b , material-to-weight ratio is 2.85±0.33 a , the difference between the two is significant. This result occurs because the control group did not add fermented Chinese herbal medicine. In Example 1, fermented Chinese herbal medicine was added to the feed. Microbial fermentation technology can significantly improve the bioavailability of Chinese herbal medicines, activate the biologically active ingredients therein, and make them easier to be absorbed by organisms, thereby improving the broiler chickens' intake efficiency of nutrients in the feed and further promoting their growth performance. In summary, the results of the effect of growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal feed additives on the growth performance of broilers show that the method of adding growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal feed additives proposed in the present invention can not only effectively increase the average daily weight gain of broilers, but also improve the conversion efficiency of feed, which is of great significance for improving the benefits of broiler farming.
[0063] Table 2 Effects of growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal feed additives on serum antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens
[0064]
[0065] According to the experimental results in Table 2, no obvious difference in physiological indicators was observed between Examples 1 to 3, and no significant difference was found in the total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and malondialdehyde content of broiler serum. However, in Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-3 and the two control groups, the broilers of Example 1 were significantly superior in antioxidant capacity. The total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase content in the serum of the broilers of Example 1 were significantly higher than those of the other experimental groups, and the malondialdehyde content was significantly reduced; this finding indicates that the feed formula of Example 1 may be more helpful in improving the antioxidant capacity of broilers. Through in-depth analysis of the feed formulas of each example, we found that compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 1 did not add Bacillus coagulans. Since Bacillus coagulans belongs to the species of Bacillus that can produce lactic acid, it has the ability to withstand the acidic environment of gastric juice and can successfully colonize in the intestine. Once settled, the bacteria can effectively adjust the microbial balance of the animal digestive tract and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. In addition, it can also synthesize a variety of beneficial substances, including vitamins, amino acids, short-chain fatty acids and digestive enzymes, which are helpful to promote the digestion and absorption efficiency of animals. In this way, Bacillus coagulans can optimize the immune system function of animals and enhance their defense against diseases. According to the experimental data of Chinese herbal medicine fermentation, in terms of enhancing growth performance and antioxidant effects, the use of Chinese herbal medicine for probiotic combination fermentation, such as the synergistic effect of three probiotics, Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis, in Example 1, the fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive obtained is significantly better than the control group product in Comparative Example 2, which contains only Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis fermented with these two probiotics. This may be because the synergistic fermentation of the three probiotics can more effectively activate the immune mechanism of broilers, thereby improving their antioxidant capacity. In terms of fermentation technology, Example 1 uses a fermentation bag with a respiratory membrane for anaerobic fermentation, while Comparative Example 2 uses a barrel fermentation. The results show that the product quality of Example 1 is significantly better than that of Comparative Example 2. This shows that the difference in fermentation process will also affect the quality of feed additives. This is because the fermentation method of Comparative Example 2 is changed, a mixture of Chinese herbal powder, fermentation liquid and water is put into a barrel, the barrel mouth is sealed with plastic, and fermentation is carried out at room temperature. However, this fermentation method is easily affected by the external environment, and it is impossible to achieve complete sealing. The air permeability is poor, which is not conducive to the fermentation process, and it is easy to cause bacteria contamination. It is also difficult to maintain stable product quality. In contrast, Example 1 uses a fermentation bag with a breathing membrane for anaerobic fermentation, and uses air pressure balance membrane technology to solve technical problems such as gas control and bacteria contamination during the fermentation process. This one-way exhaust device ensures that the packaging bag is in an oxygen-free and bacteria-free environment, so that the product quality is stable and there is no bacteria contamination.Finally, in the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, we found that the Chinese herbal medicines Shenqu, hawthorn and malt added in Example 1 can not only promote digestion and appetize, but also have a synergistic effect with Codonopsis and Astragalus, so that the product quality of Example 1 is again better than that of Comparative Example 3. Relative to the Chinese herbal compound ingredients in Example 1, the Chinese herbal compound added in Comparative Example 3 contains Codonopsis, Astragalus, Poria, Licorice and Areca, but does not contain Shenqu, malt and hawthorn. Shenqu's main functions are digestion and accumulation, spleen and stomach; hawthorn can play a role in spleen and stomach, digestion, and has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis; malt helps to promote qi and digestion, spleen and appetite. In the Chinese herbal compound ingredients of Example 1, Codonopsis and Astragalus are the main drugs, which have the effects of strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi; Shenqu, hawthorn and malt help digestion and appetize; Poria promotes water and dampness, strengthens the spleen and stomach, and replenishes the middle qi; Areca eliminates accumulation and drives away parasites; Licorice harmonizes various medicines. These Chinese herbal medicines work together to enhance the immunity of animal bodies and promote growth. This further verifies the potential application value of traditional Chinese herbal medicine in the breeding industry. In contrast to Example 1, no Chinese herbal medicine or fermented Chinese herbal medicine was added to the blank control group, and the control group feed of the non-fermented Chinese herbal medicine only contained composite Chinese herbal medicine ingredients, no probiotics were added, and no fermentation treatment was performed. In Example 1, fermented Chinese herbal medicine was added to the feed, and this process played a positive role through two main pathways: first, Chinese herbal medicine can effectively prevent the attachment of pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins to the gastrointestinal mucosa, thereby activating the nonspecific and specific immune responses of the animal body; secondly, Chinese herbal medicine provides beneficial microorganisms with the nutrients required for growth and metabolism, thereby promoting the proliferation of these microbial populations. With the help of the colonization effect of these beneficial bacteria, the proliferation of harmful bacteria can be inhibited and the balance of intestinal microbial populations can be maintained. On this basis, Chinese herbal medicine and probiotics produce a synergistic effect, jointly resist pathogen invasion, directly or indirectly regulate the nonspecific and specific immune mechanisms of animals, thereby effectively improving their disease defense capabilities. Therefore, the growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive used in the present invention can effectively enhance the antioxidant capacity of the serum of yellow-feathered broiler chickens, which provides a new and potential feed additive option for my country's breeding industry.
[0066] In summary, the growth-promoting and antioxidant fermented Chinese herbal feed additive provided by the present invention can not only replace antibiotics, improve poultry production performance, enhance the antioxidant capacity of poultry serum, and reduce the occurrence of poultry diseases; at the same time, the production method is simple and clear, the product is stable, the operation is easy during use, and the production cost is reduced.
[0067] In addition, the Chinese herbal medicine powder in the present invention does not need high temperature sterilization or high temperature boiling, and the Chinese herbal medicine compound is directly used as the fermentation substrate, and no additional auxiliary materials need to be added; and the Chinese herbal medicine fermentation in the present invention is static, room temperature, anaerobic solid fermentation, and does not need to be cultured at a certain temperature in a fermentation tank; at the same time, after the Chinese herbal medicine fermentation is completed, it can be directly added to the feed for feeding, and does not need to be dried. The whole process is simple and easy to operate, the product is not easy to be contaminated by bacteria, and the product quality is stable.
[0068] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) preparing a Chinese herbal medicine compound, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine compound comprises: codonopsis pilosula, astragalus, poria, Shenqu, malt, hawthorn, liquorice and betel nut; (2) fermenting the fermented broth to produce probiotics respectively; the probiotics include: Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis; (3) After mixing the fermentation liquid of the probiotics prepared in step (2), add water and stir evenly, then mix it with the Chinese herbal medicine compound prepared in step (1), stir evenly again, put it into a fermentation bag with a breathing membrane, seal it, and ferment it at room temperature, so as to obtain a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive product with growth-promoting and antioxidant effects.
2. The method for preparing a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the Chinese herbal medicine compound comprises, by weight: 15-25 parts of Codonopsis pilosula, 15-25 parts of Astragalus membranaceus, 15-25 parts of Poria cocos, 5-15 parts of Shenqu, 5-15 parts of malt, 5-15 parts of hawthorn, 4-6 parts of liquorice and 4-6 parts of betel nut.
3. The method for preparing a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the fermentation liquid of Bacillus coagulans is prepared by inoculating Bacillus coagulans into LB medium for single strain enrichment culture, culturing at 34-37° C. and 150-220 rpm for 18-24 h to obtain seed liquid, and then inoculating the seed liquid into LB medium and culturing at 34-37° C. and 150-220 rpm for 30-36 h to obtain Bacillus coagulans fermentation liquid; In step (2), the fermentation liquid of Lactobacillus plantarum is prepared, specifically by inoculating Lactobacillus plantarum into MRS medium for single strain enrichment culture, culturing at 34-37° C. for 24-48 h to obtain seed liquid, and then inoculating the seed liquid into MRS medium for culturing at 34-37° C. for 24-36 h to obtain Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid; In step (2), the fermentation broth of Candida utilis is prepared by inoculating Candida utilis into a YPD medium for single strain enrichment culture, culturing at 28-30° C. and 150-200 rpm for 24-28 h to obtain a seed solution, and then inoculating the seed solution into a YPD medium for culturing at 28-30° C. and 150-200 rpm for 30-48 h to obtain a fermentation broth of Candida utilis.
4. The method for preparing a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), after culturing in the fermentation broth, each probiotic reached the maximum bacterial cell concentration of 5×10 7 CFU / mL and above.
5. The method for preparing a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by volume, the dosage of the probiotics is: 2 to 4 parts of Bacillus coagulans, 2 to 4 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum and 2 to 4 parts of Candida utilis.
6. The method for preparing a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the added amount of the obtained mixed solution of Bacillus coagulans fermentation liquid, Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation liquid and Candida utilis fermentation liquid is 5-10% of the weight of the Chinese herbal medicine compound. 71-112 parts of water are added to 100 parts of the Chinese herbal medicine compound, and after being stirred evenly, the mixture is put into a fermentation bag with a breathing membrane and sealed for fermentation.
7. The method for preparing a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the room temperature fermentation is specifically: static anaerobic fermentation for 3 to 7 days in summer; static anaerobic fermentation for 10 to 15 days in winter; static anaerobic fermentation for 7 to 10 days in spring and autumn.
8. A fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive, characterized in that: The feed additive is prepared by the method for preparing a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. An application of a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in poultry farming, characterized in that: The fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive is mixed evenly with the common full-price powder of poultry and fed, and the fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive is added according to 0.1% to 0.4% of the total weight of the feed.