Heat treatment method for cylindrical forge piece with deep blind hole

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat treatment method for a deep blind hole cylindrical forge piece. The heat treatment method comprises the steps that quenching treatment is conducted on the interior of the deep blind hole cylindrical forge piece based on a directional water spraying device with the tail end connected with a flow guide cover; the interior of the deep blind hole cylindrical forge piece is cooled based on a directional water spraying device with the tail end connected with a flow guide cover; and the flow guide cover is provided with a water outlet end which is designed along with the shape of the arc-shaped curved surface at the tail end of the deep blind hole cylindrical forge piece. By means of the design, turbulence of a flow field in the barrel forge piece is avoided, and the defects that an existing deep blind hole barrel forge piece is prone to deformation in heat treatment, difficult to hoist and uneven in cooling are overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment of metal workpieces, in particular to a heat treatment method for a deep blind hole cylindrical forging. Background Art

[0002] Heat treatment of metal materials is a process of heating metal or alloy workpieces to a suitable temperature, keeping them at this temperature for a certain period of time, and then cooling them at different speeds in different media to control their performance by changing the microstructure of the surface or inside of the metal material. General alloy steel needs to be heated to above the subcritical temperature, kept at this temperature for a certain period of time, and then cooled at a cooling rate greater than the critical cooling rate to obtain an unbalanced structure dominated by martensite (it is also possible to obtain bainite or maintain single-term austenite according to the performance of the workpiece). Usually water and oil are the most common cooling media.

[0003] Since the workpiece is subjected to a complex stress process during the heat treatment process, the workpiece is deformed under the combined action of multiple stress fields such as thermal stress, phase change stress and structural stress. For large cylindrical forgings with deep blind holes, heat treatment deformation is prone to occur due to their shape and structural characteristics. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above analysis and in view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a heat treatment method for deep blind hole cylindrical forgings to solve at least one of the problems of deep blind hole cylindrical forgings being easy to deform, difficult to lift, and uneven cooling during heat treatment.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A heat treatment method for a deep blind hole cylindrical forging, comprising:

[0007] The interior of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging is quenched based on a directional water spray device with a guide shield connected at the end;

[0008] Cooling treatment of the interior of deep blind hole cylindrical forgings based on a directional water spray device with a guide shield connected to the end;

[0009] The deflector has a water outlet end which is designed to conform to the arc-shaped surface at the end of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging.

[0010] Preferably, the heat treatment method further comprises spraying water in a direction parallel to the inner arc surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging.

[0011] Preferably, the heat treatment method includes controlling the water flow rate Q2 in the direction of the inner arc surface of the parallel deep blind hole cylindrical forging and the water flow rate Q1 through the water outlet end of the guide cover,

[0012] Q2 and Q1 meet:

[0014] Preferably, the heat treatment method includes controlling the total water inlet Q of the directional water spray device, and Q satisfies: 0.002×V≤Q≤0.01×V; wherein V is the total volume of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging.

[0015] Preferably, the heat treatment method includes controlling the direction of water flow on the surface of the water outlet end of the vertical guide cover: the water flow on the surface of the water outlet end of the vertical guide cover is radially distributed relative to the center of the arc-shaped end surface.

[0016] Preferably, the heat treatment method includes controlling the water output of each area of ​​the arc-shaped end surface: the water output per unit area of ​​each area gradually decreases from the center of the arc-shaped end surface to the edge.

[0017] Preferably, the heat treatment method includes controlling the spacing between the water outlet holes on the arc-shaped end surface: the distances between adjacent water outlet holes in the same radial direction of the arc-shaped end surface are equal, and the distances between adjacent water outlet holes in each radial direction are equal.

[0018] Preferably, during the quenching and cooling processes, the air pressure inside and outside the deep blind hole cylindrical forging is balanced through the exhaust passage.

[0019] Preferably, a conformable support base is used to clamp and fix the deep blind hole cylindrical forging.

[0020] A heat treatment auxiliary tool for a deep blind hole cylindrical forging is used to implement the above heat treatment method.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The method of the present invention is based on a directional water spraying device with a guide cover connected at the end to perform quenching and cooling treatment on the inside of a deep blind hole cylindrical forging; the guide cover has a water outlet end designed to conform to the curved surface at the end of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, and the water outlet end can realize conformal water spraying perpendicular to the curved surface inside the deep blind hole cylindrical forging; at the same time, the water flows rapidly through the curved end surface and the gap between the curved surface from the center of the curved end surface, thereby avoiding turbulence in the flow field inside the cylindrical forging and affecting the rapid exchange and circulation of the internal coolant; the disadvantages of deep blind hole cylindrical forgings in the past, such as easy deformation, difficult lifting, and uneven cooling during heat treatment, are overcome, and through the design of appropriate auxiliary tools, a deep blind hole cylindrical forging heat treatment method with simple operation, high work efficiency, safety and reliability is provided.

[0023] (2) The heat treatment method of the present invention realizes conformal water spraying at the water outlet end of the guide cover perpendicular to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, and at the same time, adopts conformal water spraying in a direction parallel to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, so that a part of the cooling water can be ejected along the conformal direction of the curved surface and flow out through the cylinder section of the blind hole forging, thereby realizing the rapid discharge of heat from the interior of the cylinder.

[0024] (3) The distances between adjacent water outlet holes in the same radial direction of the arc-shaped end surface of the present invention are equal, and the distances between adjacent water outlet holes in each radial direction are equal, so that the water output per unit area in each region from the center of the arc-shaped end surface to the edge direction gradually decreases, thereby facilitating the flow of water and the diffusion of water from the center of the arc-shaped end surface to the edge direction, and helping to make the cooling water volume and flow rate on the arc-shaped curved surface of the forging uniform, thereby obtaining a more uniform cooling effect.

[0025] (4) The heat treatment method of the present invention includes controlling the distance h between the arc end face and the arc surface, so that the distance h between the arc end face and the arc surface of the guide cover satisfies: 0<h≤l2 / 2; l2 is the length of the arc surface; h is within this range, which helps to evenly disperse the cooling water.

[0026] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description, or may be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and obtained through the contents particularly pointed out in the embodiments of the description and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be considered limiting of the present invention. Like reference symbols denote like components throughout the drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a deep blind hole cylindrical forging of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the directional water spraying device and the deep U-shaped hanger in the heat treatment auxiliary tooling of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 2 AA surface section view;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the directional water spray device, deep U-shaped hanger and deep blind hole cylindrical forging in the heat treatment auxiliary tooling;

[0032] Figure 5a This is the front view of the air guide cover in the heat treatment auxiliary tooling;

[0033] Figure 5b This is the side view of the air guide cover in the heat treatment auxiliary tooling;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a top view of the air guide cover in the heat treatment auxiliary tooling;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a simulation diagram of the internal water flow distribution in Example 1;

[0036] Figure 8This is a simulation diagram of the internal water flow distribution of Comparative Example 1;

[0037] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the supporting base structure;

[0038] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the support base and deep blind hole cylindrical forging in the heat treatment auxiliary tooling;

[0039] Fig.11 This is a simulation diagram of the internal water flow distribution of Comparative Example 2;

[0040] Fig.12 This is a simulation diagram of the internal water flow distribution of comparative example 3.

[0041] Reference numerals:

[0042] Cylindrical portion 01, arc-shaped surface 02;

[0043] Exhaust pipe 1;

[0044] Deep U-shaped hanger 2, slide groove 201, third through hole 202;

[0045] Lifting lug 3, directional water spray device 4;

[0046] Air deflector 6, first through hole 601, second through hole 602, arc-shaped end surface 603; air deflector side surface 604;

[0047] Screw 7;

[0048] Support base 8, base body 801, auxiliary support structure 802, arc portion 803. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0050] Regarding deep blind hole cylindrical forgings, such as Figure 1 As shown, the deep blind hole cylindrical forging comprises: a cylindrical portion 01 and an arcuate curved surface 02 which is closed and connected to the cylindrical portion. The arcuate curved surface 02 is symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the cylindrical portion 01 to form a spherical curved surface.

[0051] The present invention discloses a heat treatment method for a deep blind hole cylindrical forging, comprising: quenching the interior of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging based on a directional water spray device 4 with a guide cover 6 connected to the end;

[0052] The interior of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging is cooled by a directional water spray device 4 with a guide hood 6 connected to the end;

[0053] The deflector 6 has a water outlet end designed to conform to the arc surface at the end of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, and the water outlet end can be perpendicular to the inner arc surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging to realize conformal water spraying.

[0054] Specifically, the water outlet end (arc end surface 603) of the deflector 6 is configured to match the arc surface 02 of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, and the water outlet end is provided with a plurality of first through holes 601 connected to the hollow chamber to guide the water flow to flow evenly toward the arc surface 02.

[0055] During implementation, based on the conformal setting of the water outlet end (arc end face 603) relative to the arc surface 02, conformal water spraying is achieved in the direction perpendicular to the arc surface 02; at the same time, the water flows quickly from the center of the water outlet end through the gap between the water outlet end and the arc surface 02, avoiding turbulence in the internal flow field of the cylindrical forging and affecting the rapid exchange and circulation of the internal coolant (water).

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the method of the present invention performs quenching and cooling treatment on the inside of a deep blind hole cylindrical forging based on a directional water spray device 4 with a guide cover connected at the end; the guide cover has a water outlet end designed to conform to the curved surface at the end of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, and the water outlet end can realize conformal water spraying perpendicular to the curved surface inside the deep blind hole cylindrical forging; at the same time, the water flows quickly through the curved end face and the gap between the curved surface from the center of the curved end face, avoiding turbulence in the flow field inside the cylindrical forging and affecting the rapid exchange and circulation of the internal coolant; the disadvantages of deep blind hole cylindrical forgings that are easy to deform, difficult to lift, and unevenly cooled during heat treatment are overcome, and a deep blind hole cylindrical forging heat treatment method with simple operation, high work efficiency, safety and reliability is provided through appropriate auxiliary tool design.

[0057] Specifically, in the heat treatment auxiliary tooling, such as Figure 2-Figure 6 As shown:

[0058] It also includes a deep U-shaped sling 2 and a directional water spray device 4;

[0059] The deep U-shaped sling 2 is fixedly connected to the directional water spraying device 4;

[0060] The deflector 6 is located at the end of the directional water spray device 4;

[0061] The deflector 6 is a hollow structure with a hollow chamber inside. The deflector 6 is provided with a water inlet end and a water outlet end which are arranged opposite to each other. The hollow chamber is connected with the water flow path of the directional water spray device 4 through the water inlet end. The outer surface of the water outlet end follows the inner surface of the cylindrical forging. When implemented, the water outlet direction of the water outlet end is always perpendicular to the inner surface of the cylindrical forging.

[0062] Preferably, the heat treatment method further comprises: the water outlet end of the guide cover is perpendicular to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging to realize conformal water spraying, while the water outlet end is parallel to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging to realize conformal water spraying.

[0063] Specifically, Figure 5b As shown, a plurality of second through holes 602 are evenly arranged on the side of the air deflector 6 , and the opening directions of the second through holes 602 are parallel to the arc-shaped curved surface 02 .

[0064] During implementation, the side water spraying function of the air guide hood can realize that part of the cooling water is ejected along the arc surface 02 in the shape-following direction and flows out through the blind hole forging cylinder section, thereby realizing the rapid discharge of heat from the inside of the cylinder.

[0065] Compared with the prior art, the heat treatment method of the present invention realizes conformal water spraying at the water outlet end of the guide cover perpendicular to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, and at the same time, adopts conformal water spraying in a direction parallel to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, so that a part of the cooling water can be ejected along the conformal direction of the curved surface and flow out through the cylinder section of the blind hole forging, thereby realizing the rapid discharge of heat from the inside of the cylinder.

[0066] Specifically, the total water inflow Q of the directional water spray device 4 (the total water inflow of the water spray device, i.e., the water flow of the second through hole 602 and the total water flow of the first through hole 601) satisfies: 0.002×VL / s≤Q≤0.01×VL / s; wherein V is the total volume of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging.

[0067] It should be noted that if the total water inlet Q of the directional water spray device 4 is too large, it will not be conducive to a better uniform dispersion of cooling water and improve the performance of the cylinder end; if the total water inlet Q of the directional water spray device 4 is too small, it will not be conducive to the heat dissipation of various parts inside the deep blind hole cylindrical forging.

[0068] Preferably, the heat treatment method further comprises: the water outlet end of the guide cover is perpendicular to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging to realize conformal water spraying, while the side surface of the guide cover can be parallel to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging to realize conformal water spraying.

[0069] Specifically, a plurality of second through holes 602 are evenly arranged on the side surface of the air deflector 6 , and the opening directions of the second through holes 602 are parallel to the arc-shaped curved surface 02 .

[0070] During implementation, the side water spraying function of the air guide hood can realize that part of the cooling water is ejected along the arc surface 02 in the shape-following direction and flows out through the blind hole forging cylinder section, thereby realizing the rapid discharge of heat from the inside of the cylinder.

[0071] Specifically, Figure 5a-Figure 6 As shown: the first through holes 601 are radially distributed on the air guide cover 6 relative to the center of the arc-shaped end surface 603, and the distance between adjacent first through holes 601 in the same radial direction satisfies: 60mm≤distance between adjacent first through holes 601≤150mm;

[0072] The diameter of the first through hole 601 satisfies: 15 mm ≤ the diameter of the first through hole 601 ≤ 30 mm.

[0073] It can be understood that the first through hole 601 can realize uniform injection of water flow and uniform cooling of the bottom of the blind hole forging.

[0074] Further preferably, the heat treatment method includes controlling the water output of each area of ​​the arc-shaped end surface: the water output per unit area of ​​each area gradually decreases from the center of the arc-shaped end surface to the edge.

[0075] Specifically, the number of the first through holes 601 per unit area in each region decreases gradually from the center to the edge of the arc-shaped end surface 603 .

[0076] Specifically, the heat treatment method controls the water output of each area of ​​the arc end surface by controlling the spacing between the water outlet holes on the arc end surface: the distances between adjacent water outlet holes in the same radial direction of the arc end surface are equal, and the distances between adjacent water outlet holes in each radial direction are equal.

[0077] Specifically, Figure 6 As shown, the distances between adjacent first through holes 601 in the same radial direction are equal, and the distances between adjacent first through holes 601 in each radial direction are equal.

[0078] It should be noted that the water discharged through each first through hole 601 on the curved end surface 603 flows from the center to the edge of the curved end surface 603, and at the same time, the water flowing through the curved end surface 603 from the center to the edge of each region continuously accumulates and reaches a maximum at the outer edge of the curved end surface 603; the equal distances between adjacent first through holes 601 in the same radial direction substantially reduce the number of first through holes 601 per unit area in each region from the center to the edge of the curved end surface 603, thereby reducing the amount of water supplied to each region from the center to the edge of the curved end surface 603.

[0079] Compared with the prior art, the distances between adjacent water outlet holes in the same radial direction of the arc-shaped end face of the present invention are equal, and the distances between adjacent water outlet holes in each radial direction are equal, so that the water output per unit area in each region from the center of the arc-shaped end face to the edge direction gradually decreases, which helps to form a negative pressure from the edge to the center area from the center of the arc-shaped end face 603 to the edge direction, thereby facilitating the flow of water and the diffusion of water from the center of the arc-shaped end face 603 to the edge direction, and helping to make the cooling water volume and flow rate on the surface of the arc-shaped curved surface 02 of the forging uniform, thereby obtaining a more uniform cooling effect.

[0080] In addition, the heat treatment method includes controlling the distance h between the arc end face and the arc surface: h is related to the length l2 of the arc surface O2 in the axial direction of the cylindrical forging.

[0081] Specifically, Figure 4As shown, the definition is: the diameter of the cylindrical part of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging is d, the length of the cylindrical part is l1, the length of the arc surface 02 in the axial direction of the cylindrical forging is l2, the distance between the arc end surface 603 and the arc surface 02 is h, and the angle between the two centrally symmetrical edges of the arc end surface 603 and the center of the arc end surface 603 is α1.

[0082] Specifically, regarding the distance h between the arcuate end surface 603 of the air deflector 6 and the arcuate curved surface 02, the distance h between the arcuate end surface 603 of the air deflector 6 and the arcuate curved surface 02 satisfies: 0<h≤l2 / 2; h is within this range, which is conducive to uniform distribution of cooling water.

[0083] Preferably, the distance h between the arc-shaped end surface 603 of the air deflector 6 and the arc-shaped curved surface 02 satisfies: l2 / 3<h≤l2 / 2. The value of h in this range is conducive to achieving the best uniform dispersion effect of the cooling water.

[0084] Specifically, h can be 0.34, 0.35, 0.36, 0.37, 0.38, 0.39, 0.40, 0.41, 0.42, 0.43, 0.44, 0.45, 0.46, 0.47, 0.48, 0.49 or 0.50 times l2.

[0085] In addition, the heat treatment method includes controlling the angle α1 between the two centrally symmetrical edges of the arc end face 603 and the center of the sphere where the arc end face 603 is located: h is related to the length l2 of the arc surface 02 in the axial direction of the cylindrical forging and the diameter d of the cylindrical part of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging.

[0086] Specifically, an angle α1 between two edges symmetrical about the center of the arc-shaped end surface 603 and the center of the sphere where the arc-shaped end surface 603 is located satisfies: 180°×l2 / d≤α1≤360°×l2 / d.

[0087] Specifically, when l2 / d=0.5, α1 can be 90°, 92°, 95°, 98°, 100°,

[0088] 102°, 105°, 108°, 110°, 112°, 115°, 118°, 120°, 122°, 125°, 128°, 130°, 132°, 135°, 138°, 140°, 142°, 145°, 148°, 150°, 152°, 155°, 158°, 160°, 162°, 165°, 168°, 170°, 172°, 175°, 178° or 180°.

[0089] Preferably, α1 satisfies: 180°×l2 / d≤α1≤240°×l2 / d.

[0090] Specifically, when l2 / d=0.5, α1 can be 90°, 92°, 95°, 98°, 100°, 102°, 105°, 108°, 110°, 112°, 115°, 118° or 120°.

[0091] It should be noted that the value of α1 in this range is helpful for the cooling water to be better dispersed evenly in the cylindrical portion 01 and the curved surface 02, thereby improving the performance of the cylinder end.

[0092] Preferably, the heat treatment method includes controlling the water flow rate Q2 in the direction of the inner arc surface parallel to the deep blind hole cylindrical forging and the water flow rate Q1 through the water outlet end of the deflector.

[0093] Specifically, the water flow rate of the second through hole 602 (the water flow rate in the direction parallel to the inner arc surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging) Q2 and the water flow rate of the first through hole 601 (the water flow rate through the water outlet end of the deflector) Q1 satisfy:

[0095] It should be noted that a water flow rate that is too large through the first through hole 601 relative to the second through hole 602 is not conducive to a better uniform dispersion of cooling water and improved performance of the cylinder end; a water flow rate that is too small through the first through hole 601 is not conducive to heat dissipation of the arc surface 02 of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging.

[0096] Specifically, the total area S2 of the second through hole 602 and the total area S1 of the first through hole 601 satisfy:

[0098] It should be noted that when the water pressure is constant, the amount of water passing through the through hole is positively correlated with the through hole area; too much water flow through the first through hole 601 is not conducive to a better uniform dispersion of cooling water and improving the performance of the cylinder end; too little water flow through the first through hole 601 is not conducive to heat dissipation of the arc surface 02 of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging.

[0099] Preferably, the heat treatment method further comprises controlling the center of gravity stability during hoisting of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging.

[0100] Specifically, the heat treatment auxiliary tooling of deep blind hole cylindrical forgings, such as Figure 2-Figure 4 As shown, it also includes a lifting lug 3, which is movably connected to another U-shaped side arm of the deep U-shaped sling 2 that is not connected to the cylindrical forging, so as to achieve left-right position adjustment of the lifting lug 3 relative to the sling 2, ensure that the center line of the lifting lug and the center of gravity of the forging are in the same straight line, and ensure the stability of the lifting structure.

[0101] Specifically, the other U-shaped side arm of the deep U-shaped hanger 2 that is not connected to the cylindrical forging is provided with a slide groove 201 and a plurality of third through holes 202 located on one side of the slide groove 201 .

[0102] During implementation, the lifting ear 3 goes deep into the slide groove 201 and slides relatively in the slide groove 201 , and the pin is passed through the third through hole 202 to fix the lifting ear 3 at the target position of the slide groove 201 .

[0103] Preferably, the heat treatment method for deep blind hole cylindrical forgings further comprises: during the quenching and cooling treatment processes, air pressure balance is achieved inside and outside the deep blind hole cylindrical forgings through an exhaust passage.

[0104] Preferably, the heat treatment auxiliary tooling of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging also includes an exhaust pipe 1, the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe 1 is fixed to the U-shaped side arm connected to the deep U-shaped hanger 2 and the cylindrical forging, and the outlet extends to the outside of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging; during cooling and quenching, ensure that one end of the exhaust pipe is always above the water surface to achieve real-time discharge of the gas inside the blind hole cylindrical forging.

[0105] Preferably, if Figure 2 As shown, the deep U-shaped hanger 2 is fixedly connected to the directional water spraying device 4 via a screw rod 7.

[0106] Preferably, the heat treatment method further comprises: using a conformal support base to clamp and fix the deep blind hole cylindrical forging.

[0107] Specifically, the heat treatment auxiliary tooling of deep blind hole cylindrical forgings, such as Figure 9-10 As shown, it also includes a support base 8, and at least two support bases 8 are provided, one end of which is fixedly connected to the cylindrical part 01 of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging by clamping, and the other end can be stably placed on the horizontal plane, so that the deep blind hole cylindrical forging can be stably placed on the horizontal plane.

[0108] Specifically, the base body 801 of the support base 8 is provided with an arc portion 803 conformingly connected to the outer periphery of the cylindrical forging on the side in contact with the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, which can reduce the deformation of the cylindrical forging.

[0109] An auxiliary support structure 802 is provided on the other side of the base body 801; the base body 801 and the auxiliary support structure 802 can form a stable cross support structure on the side in contact with the horizontal plane, so that the support base 8 is stable relative to the horizontal plane after being placed on the horizontal plane.

[0110] Specifically, the temperature of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging before quenching and cooling treatment is 800°C to 1100°C.

[0112] Example 1

[0113] The present embodiment discloses a heat treatment method for a deep blind hole cylindrical forging, wherein the interior of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging is quenched and cooled based on a directional water spraying device having a fairing connected at the end, wherein the fairing has a water outlet end designed to conform to the arc-shaped surface at the end of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, and the water outlet end can realize conformal water spraying perpendicular to the arc-shaped surface inside the deep blind hole cylindrical forging; the water outlet end (arc-shaped end face 603) of the fairing 6 matches the conformal setting of the arc-shaped surface 02 of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, and the water outlet end is provided with a plurality of first through holes 601 connected to the hollow chamber, so as to guide the water flow to flow evenly toward the arc-shaped surface 02.

[0114] The water outlet end of the guide cover is perpendicular to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging to realize the shape-following water spraying, while the side surface of the guide cover can be parallel to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging to realize the shape-following water spraying.

[0115] The water outlet end of the air guide hood is perpendicular to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging to realize the conformal water spraying, while the side of the air guide hood can be parallel to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging to realize the conformal water spraying; a plurality of second through holes 602 are evenly arranged on the side of the air guide hood 6, and the opening direction of the second through holes 602 is parallel to the conformal setting of the curved surface 02; the side water spraying function setting of the air guide hood can realize that a part of the cooling water is ejected along the conformal direction of the curved surface 02, and flows out through the cylinder section of the blind hole forging, so as to realize the rapid discharge of heat from the inside of the cylinder; the water flow rate Q2 of the second through hole 602 and the water flow rate Q1 of the first through hole 601 satisfy: Q1:Q2==1:1.16; the side water spraying function setting of the air guide hood can realize that a part of the cooling water is ejected along the conformal direction of the curved surface 02, and flows out through the cylinder section of the blind hole forging, so as to realize the rapid discharge of heat from the inside of the cylinder.

[0116] The temperature of the deep blind hole cylindrical forgings before quenching and cooling treatment is 910°C.

[0117] The total water inflow Q of the directional water spray device 4 (the water flow through the second through hole 602 and the total water flow through the first through hole 601) satisfies: Q = 0.003 × VL / s; where V is the total volume of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging or the volume of the arc-shaped part inside the forging = 1700L.

[0118] The simulation results are as follows Figure 7 As shown: From the colors representing the flow rate, it can be seen that the flow rate in each part is relatively uniform.

[0119] Heat treatment auxiliary tools used in heat treatment methods, such as Figure 2-Figure 6 As shown, including:

[0120] A deep U-shaped sling 2 and a directional water spraying device 4 fixedly connected to the deep U-shaped sling 2; a guide hood 6 is provided at the end of the directional water spraying device 4; the guide hood 6 is a hollow structure with a hollow chamber provided therein, and the guide hood 6 is provided with a water inlet end and a water outlet end relatively arranged; the hollow chamber is connected with the water flow path of the directional water spraying device 4 through the water inlet end; the outer surface of the water outlet end is conformed to the inner surface of the cylindrical forging, and when implemented, the water outlet direction of the water outlet end is always perpendicular to the inner surface of the cylindrical forging; the other end face of the guide hood 6 is an arcuate end face 603, which is conformed to the arcuate curved surface 02 of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging; the arcuate end face 603 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 601 connected to the hollow chamber, guiding the water flow in the hollow chamber to flow evenly toward the arcuate curved surface 02.

[0121] like Figure 5a-Figure 6 As shown: the first through holes 601 are radially distributed on the air deflector 6 relative to the center of the arc-shaped end surface 603, and the distance between adjacent first through holes 601 in the same radial direction satisfies: the distance between adjacent first through holes 601 = 100 mm; the aperture of the first through hole 601 = 20 mm; the distance between adjacent first through holes 601 in the same radial direction is equal, and the distance between adjacent first through holes 601 in each radial direction is equal.

[0122] h=0.40×l2; l2 / d=0.5, α1=90°.

[0123] The total area S2 of the second through holes 602 and the total area S1 of the first through holes 601 satisfy: S1:S2=1:1.16.

[0124] like Figure 2-Figure 4 As shown, the auxiliary tooling also includes a lifting ear 3, which is movably connected to the other U-shaped side arm of the deep U-shaped hanger 2 that is not connected to the cylindrical forging, so as to achieve left-right position adjustment of the lifting ear 3 relative to the hanger 2, ensure that the center line of the lifting ear and the center of gravity of the workpiece are in the same straight line, and ensure the stability of the lifting structure; the other U-shaped side arm of the deep U-shaped hanger 2 that is not connected to the cylindrical forging is provided with a slide groove 201 and a plurality of third through holes 202 located on one side of the slide groove 201.

[0125] The heat treatment auxiliary tooling of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging also includes an exhaust pipe 1, the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe 1 is fixed to the U-shaped side arm connected to the deep U-shaped hanger 2 and the cylindrical forging, and the outlet extends to the outside of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging; during cooling and quenching, ensure that one end of the exhaust pipe is always above the water surface to achieve real-time discharge of the gas inside the blind hole cylindrical forging.

[0126] Heat treatment auxiliary tooling for deep blind hole cylindrical forgings, such as Figure 9-10 As shown, it also includes a support base 8, of which four are provided, one end of which is fixedly connected with the cylindrical portion 01 of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging by clamping, and the other end of which can be stably placed on a horizontal plane, thereby enabling the deep blind hole cylindrical forging to be stably placed on a horizontal plane.

[0127] The base body 801 of the support base 8 is provided with an arc portion 803 which is conformally connected to the outer periphery of the cylindrical forging on the side in contact with the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, so as to reduce the deformation of the cylindrical forging;

[0128] An auxiliary support structure 802 is provided on the other side of the base body 801; the base body 801 and the auxiliary support structure 802 can form a stable cross support structure on the side in contact with the horizontal plane, so that the support base 8 is stable relative to the horizontal plane after being placed on the horizontal plane.

[0129] The hardness test method can be used to determine the material strength to a certain extent under the premise of non-destructive sampling. The standard "GB / T 231.1-2018 Metal Material Brinell Hardness Test Part 1: Test Method" is adopted. The performance test results of three tests are shown in Table 1 below.

[0130] Table 1 Performance test results of three tests of deep blind hole cylindrical forgings in Example 1

[0131]

[0132] The hardness of each multi-point sampling measurement is greater than 200HBW, and the maximum and minimum value deviations measured at the same position are less than or equal to 4.

[0133] Example 2

[0134] This embodiment discloses a heat treatment method for a deep blind hole cylindrical forging, using the heat treatment auxiliary tooling of this embodiment, including:

[0135] A directional water spray device with a guide cover connected to the end is used to quench and cool the interior of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging. The guide cover has a water outlet end designed to conform to the curved surface at the end of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, and the water outlet end can spray water perpendicular to the curved surface inside the deep blind hole cylindrical forging; the water outlet end (curved end face 603) of the guide cover 6 is conformally set to match the curved surface 02 of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, and the water outlet end is provided with a plurality of first through holes 601 connected to the hollow chamber, so as to guide the water flow to flow evenly toward the curved surface 02.

[0136] The water outlet end of the guide cover is perpendicular to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging to realize the shape-following water spraying, while the side surface of the guide cover can be parallel to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging to realize the shape-following water spraying.

[0137] The water outlet end of the air guide hood is perpendicular to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging to realize the conformal water spraying, while the side of the air guide hood can be parallel to the inner curved surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging to realize the conformal water spraying; a plurality of second through holes 602 are evenly arranged on the side of the air guide hood 6, and the opening direction of the second through holes 602 is parallel to the conformal setting of the curved surface 02; the side water spraying function setting of the air guide hood can realize that a part of the cooling water is ejected along the conformal direction of the curved surface 02, and flows out through the cylinder section of the blind hole forging, so as to realize the rapid discharge of heat from the inside of the cylinder; the water flow rate Q2 of the second through hole 602 and the water flow rate Q1 of the first through hole 601 satisfy: Q1:Q2==2:1; the side water spraying function setting of the air guide hood can realize that a part of the cooling water is ejected along the conformal direction of the curved surface 02, and flows out through the cylinder section of the blind hole forging, so as to realize the rapid discharge of heat from the inside of the cylinder.

[0138] The temperature of the deep blind hole cylindrical forgings before quenching and cooling treatment is 910°C.

[0139] The total water inflow Q of the directional water spray device 4 (the water flow through the second through hole 602 and the total water flow through the first through hole 601) satisfies: Q = 0.003 × VL / s; where V is the total volume of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging or the volume of the arc-shaped part inside the forging = 1700L.

[0140] The above heat treatment method uses heat treatment auxiliary tooling, such as Figure 2-Figure 6 As shown, including:

[0141] A deep U-shaped sling 2 and a directional water spraying device 4 fixedly connected to the deep U-shaped sling 2.

[0142] A flow guide cover 6 is provided at the end of the directional water spray device 4 .

[0143] The deflector 6 is a hollow structure with a hollow chamber inside. The deflector 6 is provided with a water inlet end and a water outlet end which are arranged opposite to each other. The hollow chamber is connected with the water flow path of the directional water spray device 4 through the water inlet end. The outer surface of the water outlet end follows the inner surface of the cylindrical forging. When implemented, the water outlet direction of the water outlet end is always perpendicular to the inner surface of the cylindrical forging.

[0144] The other end face of the air deflector 6 is an arc-shaped end face 603, which is arranged to match the arc-shaped surface 02 of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging.

[0145] The arc-shaped end surface 603 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 601 communicating with the hollow chamber, so as to guide the water flow in the hollow chamber to flow evenly toward the arc-shaped curved surface 02 .

[0146] like Figure 5a-Figure 6As shown: the first through holes 601 are radially distributed on the air deflector 6 relative to the center of the arc-shaped end surface 603, and the distance between adjacent first through holes 601 in the same radial direction satisfies: the distance between adjacent first through holes 601 = 150 mm; the aperture of the first through hole 601 = 30 mm; the distance between adjacent first through holes 601 in the same radial direction is equal, and the distance between adjacent first through holes 601 in each radial direction is equal.

[0147] h=0.20×l2; l2 / d=0.5, α1=180°.

[0148] The total area S2 of the second through holes 602 and the total area S1 of the first through holes 601 satisfy: S1:S2=2:1.

[0149] like Figure 2-Figure 4 As shown, the auxiliary tooling also includes a lifting ear 3, which is movably connected to the other U-shaped side arm of the deep U-shaped hanger 2 that is not connected to the cylindrical forging, so as to achieve left-right position adjustment of the lifting ear 3 relative to the hanger 2, ensure that the center line of the lifting ear and the center of gravity of the workpiece are in the same straight line, and ensure the stability of the lifting structure; the other U-shaped side arm of the deep U-shaped hanger 2 that is not connected to the cylindrical forging is provided with a slide groove 201 and a plurality of third through holes 202 located on one side of the slide groove 201.

[0150] The heat treatment auxiliary tooling of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging also includes an exhaust pipe 1, the air inlet end of the exhaust pipe 1 is fixed to the U-shaped side arm connected to the deep U-shaped hanger 2 and the cylindrical forging, and the outlet extends to the outside of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging; during cooling and quenching, ensure that one end of the exhaust pipe is always above the water surface to achieve real-time discharge of the gas inside the blind hole cylindrical forging.

[0151] like Figure 9-10 As shown, the heat treatment auxiliary tooling of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging also includes a support base 8, and four support bases 8 are provided. One end of the support base 8 is engaged and fixedly connected with the cylindrical portion 01 of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, and the other end can be stably placed on a horizontal plane, thereby enabling the deep blind hole cylindrical forging to be stably placed on a horizontal plane.

[0152] The base body 801 of the support base 8 is provided with an arc portion 803 conformingly connected to the outer periphery of the cylindrical forging on the side in contact with the deep blind hole cylindrical forging, which can reduce the deformation of the cylindrical forging.

[0153] An auxiliary support structure 802 is provided on the other side of the base body 801; the base body 801 and the auxiliary support structure 802 can form a stable cross support structure on the side in contact with the horizontal plane, so that the support base 8 is stable relative to the horizontal plane after being placed on the horizontal plane; the performance test results of three tests are shown in Table 2 below.

[0154] Table 2 Performance test results of three tests of deep blind hole cylindrical forgings in Example 2

[0155]

[0156] The hardness of each multi-point sampling measurement is greater than 175HBW, and the maximum and minimum value deviations measured at the same position are less than or equal to 7.

[0157] Comparative Example 1

[0158] like Figure 8 As shown, the deflector 6 is not provided, and other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The results show that:

[0159] The water from the directional water spray device 4 is directly concentrated on the top center area of ​​the arc surface 02, causing the water flow velocity and cooling rate at the top of the arc surface 02 to be too fast, and the water flow velocity in other areas is uneven, which in turn leads to uneven cooling rate, resulting in three performance test results of deep blind hole cylindrical forgings (made of 18MnNiMo steel) are shown in Table 3 below: the performance is significantly reduced compared with Example 1, and the deviation of the maximum and minimum values ​​measured at the same position is significantly increased, which can reach 13.

[0160] Table 3 Performance test results of three tests of deep blind hole cylindrical forgings in comparative example 1

[0161]

[0162] The simulation results are as follows Figure 8 As shown: the highest water velocity is concentrated at the outlet of the directional water spray device, and the uniformity is poor.

[0163] Comparative Example 2

[0164] The angle between the arc end edge and the arc center line of the air deflector 6 is α1=60°, which is smaller than the protection range defined by the present invention. Other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The simulation results are as follows: Fig.11 As shown: the water flow velocity in each area is uneven compared with Example 1, resulting in uneven cooling rate, causing the performance of the transition position between the head and the cylinder of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging (made of 18MnNiMo steel) to decline. The performance test results of three tests are shown in Table 4 below: the performance is significantly reduced compared with Example 1, and the deviation of the maximum and minimum values ​​measured at the same position is significantly increased, and the deviation value can reach 11.

[0165] Table 4 Performance test results of three tests of deep blind hole cylindrical forgings in comparative example 2

[0166]

[0167] Comparative Example 3

[0168] The angle α1 between the arc end edge and the arc center of the air deflector 6 is 190°, which is larger than the protection range defined by the present invention. Other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. The simulation results are as follows: Fig.12As shown: the water flow velocity in each area is uneven compared with Example 1, resulting in uneven cooling rate, causing the performance of the cylinder end of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging (made of 18MnNiMo steel) to decline. The performance test results of three tests are shown in Table 5: the performance is significantly reduced compared with Example 1, and the deviation of the maximum and minimum values ​​measured at the same position is significantly increased, which can reach 11.

[0169] Table 5 Performance test results of three tests of deep blind hole cylindrical forgings in comparative example 3

[0170]

[0171] Comparative Example 4

[0172] Compared with Example 1, the total water inflow Q of the directional water spray device 4 is greater than the protection range defined by the present invention, which is 0.02×VL / s. The water flow rate in each area is uneven compared with Example 1, resulting in uneven cooling speed, causing the performance of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging (made of 18MnNiMo steel) to decrease at the end of the cylinder. The performance test results of three tests are shown in Table 6: The maximum and minimum deviations measured at the same position are significantly increased, up to 27.

[0173] Table 6 Performance test results of three tests of deep blind hole cylindrical forgings in comparative example 4

[0174]

[0175] Comparative Example 5

[0176] Compared with Example 1, the ratio of the water flow rate Q2 of the second through hole 602 to the water flow rate Q1 of the first through hole 601 (the ratio of the total area S2 of the second through hole 602 to the total area S1 of the first through hole 601) is 1:1 (greater than the upper limit of the protection range defined by the present invention in Example 1, which is 1:1.16). The water flow rate in each area is uneven compared with Example 1, resulting in uneven cooling rate, causing the performance of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging (made of 18MnNiMo steel) to decline at the end of the cylinder. The performance test results of three tests are shown in Table 7: The performance is significantly reduced compared with Example 1, and the maximum and minimum deviations measured at the same position are significantly increased, which can reach 14.

[0177] Table 7 Performance test results of three tests of deep blind hole cylindrical forgings in comparative example 5

[0178]

[0179] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat treatment method for deep blind hole cylindrical forgings, characterized in that: include: The interior of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging is quenched based on a directional water spray device with a guide shield connected at the end; Cooling treatment of the interior of deep blind hole cylindrical forgings based on a directional water spray device with a guide shield connected to the end; The deflector has a water outlet end which is designed to conform to the arc-shaped surface at the end of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging.

2. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that The heat treatment method also includes spraying water in a direction parallel to the inner arc surface of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging.

3. The heat treatment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat treatment method includes controlling the water flow rate Q2 in the direction of the inner arc surface of the parallel deep blind hole cylindrical forging and the water flow rate Q1 through the water outlet end of the guide cover, and Q2 and Q1 meet:

4. The heat treatment method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat treatment method includes controlling the total water inflow Q of the directional water spray device, and Q satisfies: 0.002×V≤Q≤ 0.01×V; where V is the total volume of the deep blind hole cylindrical forging.

5. The heat treatment method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat treatment method comprises controlling the direction of water flow on the surface of the water outlet end of the vertical guide cover: the water flow on the surface of the water outlet end of the vertical guide cover is distributed radially relative to the center of the arc-shaped end face.

6. The heat treatment method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat treatment method includes controlling the water output of each area of ​​the arc-shaped end surface: the water output per unit area of ​​each area gradually decreases from the center of the arc-shaped end surface to the edge.

7. The heat treatment method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heat treatment method includes controlling the spacing between the water outlet holes on the arc end surface: the distances between adjacent water outlet holes in the same radial direction of the arc end surface are equal, and the distances between adjacent water outlet holes in each radial direction are equal.

8. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the quenching and cooling processes, the air pressure inside and outside the deep blind hole cylindrical forging is balanced through the exhaust passage.

9. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Use the captive support base to clamp and fix deep blind hole cylindrical forgings.

10. A heat treatment auxiliary tooling for deep blind hole cylindrical forgings, characterized in that: Used to implement the heat treatment method described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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