Generating device for providing vertical load by using air

Abstract

According to the generating device for providing the vertical load through the air, an air load device is arranged on a load mounting plate, an air outlet is formed in the upper side of a pot body of the air load device, a plurality of air inlets are evenly formed in the portion, on the lower side of the pot body, of the pot body, and turbines are mounted in the air outlet and the air inlets; the air inlet sucks air into the kettle body through the first-stage turbine, and the second-stage turbine exhausts the air from the air outlet in the top of the kettle body, so that downward pressure is formed, and a vertical load is provided for a load experiment. The vertical load is provided for the load test in a mode of converting air kinetic energy into static force, so that the influence on a surrounding soil layer is reduced, the occupied space of the test is reduced, and the integrity, the light weight, the flexibility and the convenience of the test device are improved. The worm gear pushes air to provide a vertical load for a load test, the stable vertical load is provided, traditional loading is replaced, or a new loading mode is provided for the test through a counter-force device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of foundation bearing capacity detection, and in particular relates to a generating device for providing vertical load by using air. Background Art

[0002] Load test is a field test in engineering geology. It refers to an in-situ test that applies vertical load to the foundation through a pressure plate on the foundation to observe and study the deformation and strength laws of the foundation soil. It is the most widely used method among various methods to test the bearing capacity of pile foundations (including composite foundations and natural foundations), and is recognized as the most accurate and reliable test results, and is included in the engineering specifications or regulations of various countries. This test method uses various methods to artificially load, simulate the actual working state of the foundation or foundation, and test its bearing performance and deformation characteristics after loading. Its significant advantages are that the force conditions are relatively close to reality, simple and easy to use, and the test results are intuitive and easy for people to understand and accept; but the scale and cost of the test are relatively large. It is often adopted to set up a support platform directly above the rigid plate, and then pile stones and other heavy objects on the platform to provide vertical loads, but the stacking method of heavy objects is not easy to obtain on site, and the prefabricated concrete blocks need to be transported and piled on the rigid plate. If eccentricity occurs during stacking, there will be a greater safety hazard.

[0003] There are also anchor pile reaction beams, which is to connect several anchor piles symmetrically around the tested pile with anchor bars and reaction frames, and lift the reaction frames with the jacks on the pile tops. The connected anchor piles provide reaction force, and the magnitude of the reaction force is determined by the anchor piles. During the test, the pull-up amount of the anchor piles needs to be observed to avoid pulling them off. Anchor pile construction is required before the test, and there is still a certain degree of impact on the surrounding in-situ soil.

[0004] In addition, the methods using pile loading or reaction beams require a large test space because they require the use of large external forces. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem that a large experimental space is required for stacked loads or reaction beams in load tests, the present invention provides a device for generating vertical loads by using air, which generates vertical loads by pushing air through a worm gear and requires a small experimental space.

[0006] The solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a device for generating vertical load by using air, a load test pit is set on the ground, a fixed base plate is set on the ground outside the test pit, the fixed base plate surrounds the test pit, the fixed base plate is fixed to the ground by corresponding anchor rods, a pressure plate is laid in the test pit, a support column is set in the center of the pressure plate, and a load mounting plate is set above the support column.

[0007] An air load device is arranged on the load mounting plate, and the air load device includes a kettle body and a turbine. An air outlet is arranged on the upper side of the kettle body, and a plurality of air inlets are evenly arranged on the kettle body at the lower side of the kettle body, the air inlet is connected to the interior of the kettle body, turbines are installed in the air outlet and the air inlet, the turbine in the air inlet is a first-stage turbine, the air inlet sucks air into the kettle body through the first-stage turbine, the turbine in the air outlet is a second-stage turbine, the second-stage turbine discharges air from the air outlet on the top of the kettle body, thereby forming downward pressure, providing a vertical load for the load experiment, and a bracket is fixed on the load mounting plate on the outer side of the kettle body, the bracket includes four vertical poles, a support rod is hinged on the side of the vertical pole facing the kettle body, a clamp is ringed on the outer side of the upper part of the kettle body, the end of the support rod facing the clamp is hinged on the clamp, and the bottom of the kettle body is fixed on the load mounting plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the support rod adopts a telescopic spring rod, and the telescopic spring rod is a gas spring rod. The gas spring rod is in an unfolded state, and both ends of the gas spring rod are respectively hinged on the vertical pole and the clamp of the bracket.

[0009] Furthermore, the generating device for providing vertical load by using air also includes a supplementary load device, which includes an additional load, a suspension rod, a latch, a push rod, a guide sleeve, a suspension and a pressure sensor. The suspension is arranged on the fixed base plate, and the suspended section of the suspension extends to above the pressure plate in the test pit. A through hole is arranged on the suspended section above the pressure plate, and the suspension rod is inserted in the through hole. The additional load is arranged at the lower end of the suspension rod, and a notch is arranged on the suspension rod. The upper side of the notch is arranged as an inclined surface. A latch is arranged on the suspended section, and an inclined platform matching the notch is arranged at the end of the latch facing the notch, and the inclined platform can be inserted into the notch and coincide with the inclined surface on the upper side of the notch. A push rod is arranged at the rear end of the plug, and the plug is pushed to move by the push rod. A guide sleeve is arranged on the push rod, and the guide sleeve is fixed on the suspension. The hanger can be suspended by the top connection between the inclined platform and the inclined surface of the notch. A pressure sensor is installed on the pressure plate below the additional load, and the change of the additional load is detected by the pressure sensor.

[0010] Furthermore, guide bars are provided on both sides of the latch to limit the position and movement direction of the latch.

[0011] The outer end of the push rod is connected to a driving mechanism, and the push rod is driven to move by the driving mechanism, thereby driving the bolt to move. The driving mechanism adopts an electric push rod or a motor, and the electric push rod drives the push rod to move and retract, or the driving mechanism adopts a motor, and the push rod adopts a threaded rod, and the push rod and the bolt are rotatably connected, and an axial hole is set at the rear end of the bolt, and the push rod is inserted into the axial hole, and a block with a size larger than the axial hole is set at the end of the push rod in the axial hole, and a threaded hole is set on the guide sleeve, and the push rod is inserted into the guide sleeve through the thread, and the outer end of the push rod is connected to the driving motor, and the motor drives the push rod to rotate in the guide sleeve, so that the push rod moves and retracts under the drive of the thread, and pushes the bolt to retract in the slot of the suspension rod.

[0012] Furthermore, 3-6 air inlets are evenly arranged on the kettle body at the lower side of the kettle body.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention considers using the method of converting air kinetic energy into static force to provide vertical load for load test, reducing the impact on surrounding soil layers, reducing the space occupied by the test, and improving the integrity, lightness, flexibility and convenience of the test device. The worm gear drives the air to provide vertical load for load test, which provides a stable vertical load, replacing the traditional heap load or reaction force device to provide a new loading method for the test. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 It is a principle diagram of the present invention using air to provide vertical load.

[0017] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the supplementary load device.

[0018] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the suspension.

[0019] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the latch and the suspension rod.

[0020] Numbers in the figure: ground 1, fixed base plate 2, pressure plate 3, load mounting plate 4, air load device 5, bracket 6, support column 7, test pit 11, anchor rod 21, strut 61, hoop 62, guide column 22, kettle body 51, air outlet 52, air inlet 53, turbine 54, additional load 81, hanger 82, pin 83, push rod 84, guide sleeve 85, suspension 86, pressure sensor 87, guide strip 88. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0022] Example: Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a device for generating vertical load by using air. A load test pit 11 is set on the ground 1, and a fixed base plate 2 is set on the ground 1 outside the test pit 11. The fixed base plate 2 surrounds the test pit 11 and is fixed on the ground 1 through corresponding anchor rods 21.

[0023] like Figure 1As shown, a pressure plate 3 is laid in the test pit 11, a support column 7 is arranged at the center of the pressure plate 3, a load mounting plate 4 is arranged above the support column 7, and an air load device 5 is arranged on the load mounting plate 4. The support column 7 adopts a jack, and the height of the jack can be adjusted to adapt to the depth of the test pit 11.

[0024] The four corners of the load mounting plate 4 are provided with guide holes, and the fixed base plate 2 is provided with corresponding guide posts 22. Figure 2 As shown, the load mounting plate 4 is mounted on the guide column 22 through the guide hole. When the vertical load is provided by the air load device 5, the load mounting plate 4 moves vertically along the guide column 22 and transmits the pressure to the pressure plate 3 through the support column 7. The pressure plate 3 squeezes the soil in the test pit 11 downward to carry out the load test.

[0025] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the air load device 5 includes a kettle body 51, a turbine 54 and a bracket 6. An air outlet 52 is arranged on the upper side of the kettle body 51, and a plurality of upwardly inclined air inlets 53 are evenly arranged on the kettle body on the lower side of the kettle body 51. The air inlet 53 is connected to the interior of the kettle body 51, and a turbine 54 is installed in the air outlet 52 and the air inlet 53. The air inlet 53 sucks air into the kettle body 51 through the turbine 54, and the air outlet 52 discharges air from the top of the kettle body 51 through the turbine 54, thereby forming downward pressure to provide a vertical load for the load test.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, a bracket 6 is fixed on the outside of the kettle body 51, and the bracket 6 includes four vertical poles. A support rod 61 is hinged on the side of the vertical pole facing the kettle body 51, and a clamp 62 is ring-shaped on the outer side of the upper part of the kettle body 51. The end of the support rod 61 facing the clamp 62 is hinged on the clamp 62, and the bottom of the kettle body 51 is fixed on the load mounting plate 4.

[0027] Furthermore, the support rod 61 can be a telescopic spring rod, specifically a gas spring rod. When the air load device 5 is running, the turbine 54 compresses and pushes the air to generate large vibrations. The four gas spring rods evenly distributed on the outside of the kettle body 51 can provide support and shock absorption effects for the air load device 5, thereby ensuring that the air load device 5 always provides an effective vertical load during operation. At the same time, the spring rods weaken the vibration of the kettle body 51 caused by pushing the air, thereby reducing the noise during the operation of the air load device 5.

[0028] like Figure 4As shown, a supplementary load device is also included. The size of the vertical load provided by the air load device 5 is directly related to the power of the turbine 54. Therefore, when a larger vertical load is required, a larger-power turbine 54 is required, and more electricity is consumed, resulting in a significant increase in the cost of the load test. For this reason, the present invention further provides a supplementary load device on the basis of the vertical load provided by the air load device 5, and reduces the use cost of the air load device 5 through the supplementary load device.

[0029] Specifically, the supplementary load device includes an additional load 81, a suspension rod 82, a latch pin 83, a push rod 84, a guide sleeve 85, a suspension 86 and a pressure sensor 87. The suspension 86 is arranged on the fixed base plate 2, and the suspended section of the suspension 86 extends to the upper side of the pressure plate 3 in the test pit 11, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, a through hole is provided in the suspended section above the pressure plate 3 , a suspension rod 82 is inserted through the through hole, and an additional load 81 is provided at the lower end of the suspension rod 82 .

[0030] like Figure 6 As shown, a notch is provided on the suspension rod 82, and the upper side of the notch is provided with an inclined surface, a latch 83 is provided on the suspended section, and an inclined platform matching the notch is provided at the end of the latch 83 facing the notch, the inclined platform can be inserted into the notch and overlap with the inclined surface on the upper side of the notch, a push rod 84 is provided at the rear end of the latch 83, and the latch 83 is pushed to move by the push rod 84, and a guide sleeve 85 is mounted on the push rod 84, and the guide sleeve 85 is fixed on the suspension 86.

[0031] The suspending rod 82 can be suspended in the air by the top connection of the inclined platform and the inclined surface of the notch. A pressure sensor 87 is installed on the pressure bearing plate 3 below the additional load 81, and the change of the additional load 81 is detected by the pressure sensor 87.

[0032] Guide bars 88 are also provided on both sides of the latch pin 83 , and the position and moving direction of the latch pin 83 are limited by the guide bars 88 .

[0033] The outer end of the push rod 84 is connected to a driving mechanism, which drives the push rod 84 to move, thereby driving the latch 83 to move. The driving mechanism can be an electric push rod or a motor, and the electric push rod directly drives the push rod 84 to move and retract.

[0034] When a motor is used, the push rod 84 is a threaded rod, and the push rod 84 is rotatably sleeved with the pin 83. An axial hole is set at the rear end of the pin 83, and the push rod 84 is sleeved in the axial hole. A block larger than the axial hole is set at the end of the push rod 84 in the axial hole. A threaded hole is set on the guide sleeve 85, and the push rod 84 is sleeved in the guide sleeve 85 through a thread. The outer end of the push rod 84 is connected to a driving motor, and the motor drives the push rod 84 to rotate in the guide sleeve 85, so that the push rod 84 is telescopically moved under the drive of the thread, pushing the pin 83 to telescope in the slot of the suspension rod 82.

[0035] The load test needs to provide different load loading levels. When the load requirement is low, the vertical load can be provided by the supplementary load device to reduce the load test cost. And the contact and separation of the additional load 81 with the load-bearing plate can be controlled by the latch 83 and the suspension rod 82 structure, so that the load can be loaded and unloaded continuously, and the load change curve can be accurately recorded by the pressure sensor 87.

[0036] When a high load is required, the air load device 5 and the supplementary load device jointly provide a valid load, avoiding the trouble of carrying a large amount of concrete counterweights for conventional loading. In addition, the air load device 5 can change the load level by controlling the power of the turbine 54, making the load change more convenient and quick. The air load device 5 can record the load change curve through the power of the turbine 54, which is convenient for recording and comparing relevant data of the load.

[0037] The generating device provided by the present invention is used for load test, and provides a stable vertical load therefor, replacing the traditional heap load or reaction force device to provide a new loading mode for the test.

[0038] The air is sucked in through the lateral air inlet, and then supercharged by the primary turbine 54 before entering the generator for streamline integration and secondary supercharging, and then discharged from the upward jet port, generating interaction with the air, thereby forming a downward thrust. In order to ensure the stability of the test pressure, a pressure control device is installed on the device to adjust the operating speed. Brackets 6 are set on the four directions outside the generator to ensure that the generator is accurately positioned and firmly fixed. The device can be used alone or assembled through rigid connections when a higher pressure is required. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] 1. Place the pressure plate 3 at the test location, keeping the pressure plate 3 horizontal and in uniform contact with the soil layer; 2. Before the test, waterproofing and drainage measures should be taken in the test pit to prevent changes in the moisture content of the foundation soil or foundation disturbance at the test site; 3. The loading level can be divided into 8~10 levels, and the maximum loading pressure should not be less than 2 times the design required bearing capacity characteristic value; 4. The settlement of the pressure plate 3 should be read and recorded once before and after each level of load is applied, and then read and recorded every 0.5 hours. When the settlement is less than 0.1mm within 1 hour, the next level of load can be applied.

[0040] 5. End of the test: ① The soil around the pressure plate 3 is obviously squeezed out laterally, and the surrounding rock and soil are obviously uplifted or radial cracks continue to develop; ② The settlement increases sharply, and the load-settlement curve drops sharply. The settlement of this level of load is 5 times greater than the settlement of the previous loads; ③ Under a certain load level, the settlement rate cannot reach the stability standard within 24 hours; ④ The ratio of total settlement to the diameter or width of the pressure plate 3 exceeds 0.06.

[0041] 6. Rebound observation: Unload in stages and observe the rebound value. The unloading amount is twice the loading amount. Observe once every 15 minutes. Unload the next level of load after 1 hour. After the load is completely unloaded, continue to observe for 3 hours.

[0042] Turn off the generator to complete the test.

[0043] The additional load 81 in the supplementary load device is suspended above the pressure plate 3 through a suspension rod 82, and the weight can be adjusted to meet different test requirements. The contact or separation between the additional load 81 and the pressure plate 3 is controlled by moving the pin 83 in the notch of the suspension rod 82, so as to realize stepless adjustment of the load.

[0044] The pressure sensor 87 is installed on the pressure plate 3 to monitor the actual load and ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test data. The electric push rod or motor is used to control the movement of the push rod 84, thereby adjusting the position of the latch 83 to achieve load adjustment.

[0045] The present invention uses the air load device 5 in combination with the supplementary load device, which can flexibly adjust the load size according to the test requirements, avoiding the high cost and inconvenience caused by the use of a large number of concrete counterweights in the traditional method. The air load device 5 can easily change the load level by adjusting the power of the turbine 54, and the supplementary load device can achieve fine adjustment of the load. The combination of the two makes the entire test process more flexible and efficient. Through the data of the turbine 54 power and the pressure sensor 87, the load change curve can be accurately recorded and analyzed, which helps to better understand the bearing characteristics of the ground or underground structure. Compared with traditional heavy equipment, this device reduces noise pollution and vibration effects, while reducing the labor intensity and safety risks of operators.

[0046] The design of the device takes into account the ease of operation and maintenance. For example, the use of a motor or electric push rod as the drive source simplifies the operation process and reduces the difficulty of maintenance.

[0047] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for generating a vertical load by using air, wherein a load test pit (11) is arranged on the ground (1), a fixed base plate (2) is arranged on the ground (1) outside the test pit (11), the fixed base plate (2) surrounds the test pit (11), the fixed base plate (2) is fixed to the ground (1) by corresponding anchor rods (21), a pressure plate (3) is laid in the test pit (11), a support column (7) is arranged at the center of the pressure plate (3), and a load mounting plate (4) is arranged above the support column (7), characterized in that: An air load device (5) is arranged on the load mounting plate (4), the air load device (5) comprising a kettle body (51) and a turbine (54), an air outlet (52) is arranged on the upper side of the kettle body (51), a plurality of air inlets (53) are evenly arranged on the kettle body at the lower side of the kettle body (51), the air inlets (53) are connected to the interior of the kettle body (51), turbines (54) are installed in the air outlet (52) and the air inlet (53), the turbine (54) in the air inlet (53) is a first-stage turbine (54), the air inlet (53) sucks air into the kettle body (51) through the first-stage turbine (54), and the turbine in the air outlet (52) (54) is a secondary turbine (54), which discharges air from an air outlet (52) at the top of the kettle body (51), thereby forming a downward pressure to provide a vertical load for the load test. A bracket (6) is fixed on the load mounting plate (4) on the outside of the kettle body (51), and the bracket (6) includes four vertical uprights, and a support rod (61) is hingedly connected to the side of the vertical upright toward the kettle body (51). A hoop (62) is ringed on the outer side of the upper part of the kettle body (51), and the end of the support rod (61) facing the hoop (62) is hingedly connected to the hoop (62). The bottom of the kettle body (51) is fixed on the load mounting plate (4).

2. The device for generating vertical load by using air according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support rod (61) is a telescopic spring rod.

3. The device for generating vertical load by using air according to claim 2, characterized in that: The telescopic spring rod is a gas spring rod, which is in an expanded state, and the two ends of the gas spring rod are respectively hinged on the vertical pole of the bracket (6) and the clamp (62).

4. The device for generating vertical load by using air according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a supplementary load device, which comprises an additional load (81), a suspension rod (82), a latch (83), a push rod (84), a guide sleeve (85), a suspension (86) and a pressure sensor (87). The suspension (86) is arranged on the fixed base plate (2), and the suspended section of the suspension (86) extends above the pressure plate (3) in the test pit (11). A through hole is arranged in the suspended section above the pressure plate (3), and the suspension rod (82) is inserted into the through hole. The additional load (81) is arranged at the lower end of the suspension rod (82). The suspension rod (82) is provided with a notch, and the upper side of the notch is provided with an inclined surface. The suspended section is provided with a latch (83), and the upper side of the notch is provided with an inclined surface. The end of the latch pin (83) facing the slot is provided with an inclined platform matching the slot, the inclined platform can be inserted into the slot and overlaps with the upper inclined surface of the slot, the rear end of the latch pin (83) is provided with a push rod (84), the latch pin (83) is pushed to move by the push rod (84), the push rod (84) is sleeved with a guide sleeve (85), the guide sleeve (85) is fixed on the suspension frame (86), the inclined platform and the inclined surface of the slot are connected to each other so that the suspension rod (82) can be suspended, and a pressure sensor (87) is installed on the pressure plate (3) below the additional load (81), and the change of the additional load (81) is detected by the pressure sensor (87).

5. The device for generating vertical load by using air according to claim 4, characterized in that: Guide bars (88) are also provided on both sides of the latch pin (83), and the position and movement direction of the latch pin (83) are limited by the guide bars (88).

6. The device for generating vertical load by using air according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer end of the push rod (84) is connected to a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the push rod (84) to move, thereby driving the latch (83) to move.

7. The device for generating vertical load by using air according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving mechanism adopts an electric push rod, which pushes the push rod (84) to move and retract.

8. The device for generating vertical load by using air according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving mechanism adopts a motor, and the push rod (84) adopts a threaded rod. The push rod (84) and the latch pin (83) are rotatably sleeved. An axial hole is provided at the rear end of the latch pin (83), and the push rod (84) is sleeved in the axial hole. A stopper having a size larger than the axial hole is provided at the end of the push rod (84) in the axial hole. A threaded hole is provided on the guide sleeve (85), and the push rod (84) is sleeved in the guide sleeve (85) through a thread. A driving motor is connected to the outer end of the push rod (84), and the push rod (84) is driven by the motor to rotate in the guide sleeve (85), so that the push rod (84) is telescopically moved under the drive of the thread, and the latch pin (83) is pushed to telescope in the slot of the suspension rod (82).

9. The device for generating vertical load by using air according to claim 1, characterized in that: 3 to 6 air inlets (53) are evenly arranged on the lower side of the kettle body (51).

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