Constant-current output friction nanometer generator based on charge hysteresis migration of dielectric polymer

Abstract

The invention discloses a constant current output friction nanometer generator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration, which comprises an upper substrate, a sliding block, a stator, electrodes and a lower substrate, and is characterized in that the bottom of the upper substrate is connected with the top of the sliding block, the bottom of the sliding block is connected with the top of the stator, the bottom of the stator is connected with the tops of the two electrodes, and the lower substrate is connected with the bottom of the stator. A narrow gap is reserved between the two electrodes, and the bottoms of the two electrodes are connected with the top of the lower substrate; the upper substrate and the lower substrate are both acrylic acid substrates, the sliding block is made of electronegative materials, and the stator is a polyurethane composite film. According to the constant-current output friction nanometer generator based on the dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration, the weak charge constraint capacity and the high surface friction potential of the dielectric polymer are utilized to enable charges to move directionally, the constant-current continuous output effect is achieved in an alternating current output mode, the output performance is high, the structure is simple, and the stability is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of nano energy, and in particular relates to a constant current output friction nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, as a new energy conversion technology, triboelectric nanogenerators have shown great potential in obtaining mechanical energy from the environment and continuously providing power for many electronic devices and sensors in the Internet of Things, which has attracted widespread attention worldwide. Improving the total output energy and energy utilization efficiency of triboelectric nanogenerators are two key factors in practical applications. Usually, the output of nanogenerators based on triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction coupling is usually a short pulse signal, and the effective value of the output signal is much lower than the peak value, which also leads to low output performance of the nanogenerator. Therefore, how to construct a nanogenerator with stable and continuous output capability and improve its output performance has gradually become a research hotspot.

[0003] At present, there are three main strategies for building nanogenerators with stable and continuous output capabilities: continuous charge transfer in the external circuit can be achieved through uninterrupted partial discharge; stable DC output can be obtained by superimposing multiple phase difference signals; and constant potential difference can be obtained through the continuous charge accumulation characteristics of ternary media. However, the stable implementation of the above three strategies depends on the system integration of multi-electrode, multi-phase, and multi-media pairs, which requires complex manufacturing processes. In addition, although the sliding Schottky contact technology based on the friction effect can generate continuous currents up to milliamperes, its low output voltage limits the further increase of output power. Therefore, the development of friction nanogenerators with simple structure, high stability, and high output performance has far-reaching practical value. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a constant current output friction nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration with high output performance, simple structure and strong stability.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a constant current output friction nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration, comprising: an upper substrate, a slider, a stator, an electrode and a lower substrate, the bottom of the upper substrate is connected to the top of the slider, the bottom of the slider is connected to the top of the stator, the bottom of the stator is connected to the top of two electrodes, a narrow gap is reserved between the two electrodes, and the bottom of the two electrodes is connected to the top of the lower substrate; the upper substrate and the lower substrate are both acrylic substrates, the slider is made of electronegative material, and the stator is a polyurethane composite film.

[0006] Furthermore, the electronegative material is polytetrafluoroethylene or fluorinated ethylene propylene.

[0007] Furthermore, the polyurethane film is a carbon powder-polyvinylidene fluoride composite film with a carbon powder filling concentration of 0.18 wt %.

[0008] Furthermore, the polyurethane film filling material is carbon nanoparticles and silver nanowires, and the filling concentration of the filling material is 0.10wt%-0.2wt%.

[0009] Furthermore, the electrode is made of copper.

[0010] Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of ​​the slider is half of the cross-sectional area of ​​the electrode.

[0011] Furthermore, a regular micro-column array is arranged on the contact surface between the slider and the stator.

[0012] Furthermore, the contact surface between the slider and the stator is provided with a honeycomb groove structure, and the honeycomb groove structure is composed of a plurality of honeycomb units connected together, and each of the honeycomb units is provided with a tiny protrusion or hole inside.

[0013] A method for generating electricity using a constant current output tribo-nano generator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration comprises the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Friction electrification of the slider and the stator: The slider and the stator surface are mechanically rubbed, and charge separation is formed between the slider friction layer and the stator friction layer;

[0015] Step 2: Charge accumulation and stabilization: As the slider continues to slide, the charge on the surface of the slider friction layer gradually accumulates and reaches a stable value;

[0016] Step 3, charge leakage effect: the charges accumulated on the slider surface and the stator back electrode form a strong electric field therebetween, and the strong electric field triggers the charge leakage effect of the stator dielectric film;

[0017] The expression of the electric field strength of the strong electric field is:

[0018]

[0019] Where E represents the electric field strength, V represents the voltage across the electrodes, d represents the distance between the electrodes, Q represents the charge, ∈ 0 represents the vacuum permittivity, A represents the electrode area;

[0020] Step 4: Charge migration generates electrical signals: When the slider moves to the top of one electrode, the charges on the surface of the stator dielectric film undergo a hysteresis migration phenomenon under the action of a strong electric field, and the charges migrate downward to the back electrode in an orderly manner, generating a stable electrical signal in the external circuit;

[0021] The current generated by charge migration is related to the charge mobility:

[0022]

[0023] Where I represents the current generated, q represents the charge, and t represents the time;

[0024] Step 5, reverse electrical signal generation: When the slider moves to the other side of the electrode, the friction charge again exhibits the same migration behavior, but in the opposite direction. At this time, an electrical signal opposite to that in the previous stage is generated in the external circuit;

[0025] Step 6: Reciprocating motion generates AC signal: As the slider reciprocates, the friction charge between the slider and the stator continues to migrate, generating an AC signal in the external circuit;

[0026] The frequency of the alternating current is determined by the frequency of the slider's reciprocating motion:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, f represents the frequency of the alternating current, and T represents the period of the reciprocating motion of the slider.

[0029] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0030] 1. Strong constant current output stability: The reciprocating motion of the slider will continuously stimulate the migration of charges between the stator dielectric film and the back electrode. The orderly movement of charges reduces the current instability caused by transient fluctuations. The charge leakage effect further balances the charge distribution and ensures the stability of the current output.

[0031] 2. Efficient charge generation and migration mechanism: The polyurethane composite material with shallow trap energy level can effectively store the charge generated by friction. Conductive fillers such as carbon nanoparticles and silver nanowires enhance the conductivity of the dielectric film and reduce the loss of charge retained inside the dielectric material, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of charge migration and making the generated electrical energy more abundant.

[0032] 3. Charge leakage effect improves output power: The charge leakage effect induced by the strong electric field enables the friction charges in the stator dielectric film to effectively migrate to the back electrode and neutralize with it. This orderly neutralization of charges avoids the energy loss problem caused by charge accumulation, ensures the smooth release of charges in the back electrode, and thus improves the utilization rate of electrical energy;

[0033] 4. Controllable AC signal output: Each movement of the slider triggers a charge migration process, thereby generating alternating positive and negative electrical signals in the external circuit. By controlling the speed and frequency of the slider movement, the frequency and amplitude of the output AC signal can be adjusted to meet the needs of different frequency power applications, such as power supply or energy harvesting for small electronic devices;

[0034] 5. Material selection and structural design optimize power generation performance: Electronegative materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene and fluorinated ethylene propylene have efficient charge separation capabilities, which can significantly increase the amount of charge after friction between the slider and the stator. The narrow gap design improves the electric field strength and enhances the directional migration and release efficiency of the charge. The use of polyurethane composite materials improves the dielectric properties and ensures the minimization of energy loss during charge migration.

[0035] 6. Simplified structure and manufacturing process: The structural design of the generator uses an acrylic substrate as the support platform for the slider and stator, and copper electrodes as the charge collection components. The structure is simple and the materials are readily available. In addition, the combination of materials such as carbon powder-polyvinylidene fluoride composite film has good conductivity and triboelectric properties. The production process is simple and suitable for large-scale production and industrial applications.

[0036] 7. High adaptability and long life: By designing microstructures such as micro-column arrays and honeycomb groove structures between the slider and the stator, the efficiency of charge generation and transfer can be improved without increasing friction resistance.

[0037] This structural design not only improves performance, but also reduces material wear, allowing the device to maintain high power generation efficiency during long-term operation, making it suitable for long-term and stable energy harvesting applications.

[0038] 8. Enhanced output power density: The introduction of conductive fillers such as silver nanowires and carbon nanoparticles has greatly improved the conductivity and shallow trap charge storage capacity of the dielectric film, making the conversion of electrical energy during charge migration more efficient, thereby improving the power density of the generator. This type of optimization enables the generator to output higher electrical energy in a smaller volume, with higher energy density and practical application potential. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, constitute a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a constant current output friction nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a constant current output friction nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the comparison results of the output current performance of a constant current output friction nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4It is a schematic diagram of the comparison results of the output charge performance of a constant current output friction nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration of the present invention.

[0044] In the figure: 1-upper substrate, 2-slider, 3-stator, 4-electrode, 5-lower substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their description are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] Example 1: Figure 1-2 As shown, a constant current output friction nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration includes: an upper substrate 1, a slider 2, a stator 3, an electrode 4 and a lower substrate 5, the bottom of the upper substrate 1 is connected to the top of the slider 2, the bottom of the slider 2 is connected to the top of the stator 3, the bottom of the stator 3 is connected to the tops of two electrodes 4, a narrow gap is reserved between the two electrodes 4, and the bottoms of the two electrodes 4 are connected to the top of the lower substrate 5; the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 5 are both acrylic substrates, the slider 2 is made of electronegative material, and the stator 3 is a polyurethane composite film.

[0047] Example 2: Figure 1-2 As shown, a constant current output friction nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration includes: an upper substrate 1, a slider 2, a stator 3, an electrode 4 and a lower substrate 5, the bottom of the upper substrate 1 is connected to the top of the slider 2, the bottom of the slider 2 is connected to the top of the stator 3, the bottom of the stator 3 is connected to the tops of two electrodes 4, a narrow gap is reserved between the two electrodes 4, and the bottoms of the two electrodes 4 are connected to the top of the lower substrate 5; the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 5 are both acrylic substrates, the slider 2 is made of an electronegative material, the stator 3 is a polyurethane composite film, and the electronegative material is: polytetrafluoroethylene or fluorinated ethylene propylene.

[0048] Example 3: Figure 1-2As shown, a constant current output friction nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration includes: an upper substrate 1, a slider 2, a stator 3, an electrode 4 and a lower substrate 5, the bottom of the upper substrate 1 is connected to the top of the slider 2, the bottom of the slider 2 is connected to the top of the stator 3, the bottom of the stator 3 is connected to the tops of two electrodes 4, a narrow gap is reserved between the two electrodes 4, and the bottoms of the two electrodes 4 are connected to the top of the lower substrate 5; the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 5 are both acrylic substrates, the slider 2 is made of electronegative material, the stator 3 is a polyurethane composite film, and the polyurethane film is a carbon powder-polyvinylidene fluoride composite film with a carbon powder filling concentration of 0.18wt%.

[0049] Example 4: Figure 1-2 As shown, a constant current output friction nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration includes: an upper substrate 1, a slider 2, a stator 3, an electrode 4 and a lower substrate 5, the bottom of the upper substrate 1 is connected to the top of the slider 2, the bottom of the slider 2 is connected to the top of the stator 3, the bottom of the stator 3 is connected to the tops of two electrodes 4, a narrow gap is reserved between the two electrodes 4, and the bottoms of the two electrodes 4 are connected to the top of the lower substrate 5; the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 5 are both acrylic substrates, the slider 2 is made of electronegative material, the stator 3 is a polyurethane composite film, the polyurethane film filling material is carbon nanoparticles and silver nanowires, and the filling concentration of the filling material is 0.10wt%-0.2wt%.

[0050] Example 5: Figure 1-2 As shown, a constant current output friction nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration includes: an upper substrate 1, a slider 2, a stator 3, an electrode 4 and a lower substrate 5, the bottom of the upper substrate 1 is connected to the top of the slider 2, the bottom of the slider 2 is connected to the top of the stator 3, the bottom of the stator 3 is connected to the tops of two electrodes 4, a narrow gap is reserved between the two electrodes 4, and the bottoms of the two electrodes 4 are connected to the top of the lower substrate 5; the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 5 are both acrylic substrates, the slider 2 is made of electronegative material, the stator 3 is a polyurethane composite film, and the electrode is made of copper.

[0051] Example 6: Figure 1-2As shown, a constant current output friction nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration includes: an upper substrate 1, a slider 2, a stator 3, an electrode 4 and a lower substrate 5, the bottom of the upper substrate 1 is connected to the top of the slider 2, the bottom of the slider 2 is connected to the top of the stator 3, the bottom of the stator 3 is connected to the tops of two electrodes 4, a narrow gap is reserved between the two electrodes 4, and the bottoms of the two electrodes 4 are connected to the top of the lower substrate 5; the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 5 are both acrylic substrates, the slider 2 is made of electronegative material, the stator 3 is a polyurethane composite film, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the slider is half of the cross-sectional area of ​​the electrode.

[0052] Example 7: Figure 1-2 As shown, a constant current output friction nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration includes: an upper substrate 1, a slider 2, a stator 3, an electrode 4 and a lower substrate 5, the bottom of the upper substrate 1 is connected to the top of the slider 2, the bottom of the slider 2 is connected to the top of the stator 3, the bottom of the stator 3 is connected to the tops of two electrodes 4, a narrow gap is reserved between the two electrodes 4, and the bottoms of the two electrodes 4 are connected to the top of the lower substrate 5; the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 5 are both acrylic substrates, the slider 2 is made of electronegative material, the stator 3 is a polyurethane composite film, and the contact surface between the slider 2 and the stator 3 is arranged with a regular micro-column array.

[0053] Example 8: Figure 1-2 As shown, Figure 1-2 As shown, a constant current output friction nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration includes: an upper substrate 1, a slider 2, a stator 3, an electrode 4 and a lower substrate 5, the bottom of the upper substrate 1 is connected to the top of the slider 2, the bottom of the slider 2 is connected to the top of the stator 3, the bottom of the stator 3 is connected to the tops of two electrodes 4, a narrow gap is reserved between the two electrodes 4, and the bottoms of the two electrodes 4 are connected to the top of the lower substrate 5; the upper substrate 1 and the lower substrate 5 are both acrylic substrates, the slider 2 is made of electronegative material, the stator 3 is a polyurethane composite film, and the contact surface between the slider 2 and the stator 3 is provided with a honeycomb groove structure, the honeycomb groove structure is composed of a plurality of honeycomb units connected, and each of the honeycomb units is provided with tiny protrusions or holes.

[0054] A method for generating electricity using a constant current output tribo-nano generator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration comprises the following steps:

[0055] Step 1, friction electrification of the slider 2 and the stator 3: the slider 2 and the stator 3 are mechanically rubbed against each other, and charge separation is formed between the friction layer of the slider 2 and the friction layer of the stator 3;

[0056] Step 2: Charge accumulation and stabilization: As the slider 2 continues to slide, the charge on the surface of the friction layer of the slider 2 gradually accumulates and reaches a stable value;

[0057] Step 3, charge leakage effect: the charges accumulated on the surface of the slider 2 and the back electrode of the stator 3 form a strong electric field therebetween, and the strong electric field triggers the charge leakage effect of the stator dielectric film;

[0058] The expression of the electric field strength of the strong electric field is:

[0059]

[0060] Where E represents the electric field strength, V represents the voltage across the electrodes, d represents the distance between the electrodes, Q represents the charge, ∈ 0 represents the vacuum permittivity, A represents the electrode area;

[0061] Step 4, charge migration generates electrical signals: When the slider 2 moves to the top of the electrode 4 on one side, the charges on the surface of the dielectric film of the stator 3 undergo a charge hysteresis migration phenomenon under the action of a strong electric field, and the charges migrate downward to the back electrode in an orderly manner, generating a stable electrical signal in the external circuit;

[0062] The current generated by charge migration is related to the charge mobility:

[0063]

[0064] Where I represents the current generated, q represents the charge, and t represents the time;

[0065] Step 5, reverse electrical signal generation: When the slider 2 moves to above the electrode 4 on the other side, the friction charges again show the same migration behavior, but in the opposite direction. At this time, an electrical signal opposite to that in the previous stage is generated in the external circuit;

[0066] Step 6: Reciprocating motion generates AC signal: As the slider 2 reciprocates, the friction charge between the slider 2 and the stator 3 continues to migrate, generating an AC signal in the external circuit;

[0067] The frequency of the alternating current is determined by the frequency of the reciprocating motion of the slider 2:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, f represents the frequency of the alternating current, and T represents the period of the reciprocating motion of the slider.

[0070] like Figure 3-4As shown in the figure, the output current and charge of the triboelectric nanogenerator based on electrostatic induction drive are 0.077 microamperes and 25.19 nanocoulombs, respectively, and the output current and charge of the triboelectric nanogenerator based on the hysteresis ordered migration of charges in dielectric polymers are 0.296 microamperes and 75.63 nanocoulombs, respectively. Under the same friction interface, compared with the electrostatic induction drive, the triboelectric nanogenerator based on the hysteresis ordered migration of charges in dielectric polymers has improved the current and charge output performance by more than 3 times, and shows excellent stability and continuity.

[0071] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A constant current output triboelectric nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration, characterized in that: include: An upper substrate (1), a slider (2), a stator (3), an electrode (4) and a lower substrate (5), wherein the bottom of the upper substrate (1) is connected to the top of the slider (2), the bottom of the slider (2) is connected to the top of the stator (3), the bottom of the stator (3) is connected to the tops of two electrodes (4), a narrow gap is reserved between the two electrodes (4), and the bottoms of the two electrodes (4) are connected to the top of the lower substrate (5); the upper substrate (1) and the lower substrate (5) are both acrylic substrates, the slider (2) is made of an electronegative material, and the stator (3) is a polyurethane composite film.

2. A constant current output triboelectric nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronegative material is polytetrafluoroethylene or fluorinated ethylene propylene.

3. The constant current output triboelectric nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polyurethane film is a carbon powder-polyvinylidene fluoride composite film with a carbon powder filling concentration of 0.18 wt %.

4. The constant current output triboelectric nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polyurethane film filling material is carbon nanoparticles and silver nanowires, and the filling concentration of the filling material is 0.10wt%-0.2wt%.

5. The constant current output triboelectric nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode (4) is made of copper.

6. The constant current output triboelectric nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the slider (2) is half the cross-sectional area of ​​the electrode (4).

7. The constant current output triboelectric nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration according to claim 1, characterized in that: A regular micro-column array is arranged on the contact surface between the slider (2) and the stator (3).

8. The constant current output triboelectric nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact surface between the slider (2) and the stator (3) is provided with a honeycomb groove structure, wherein the honeycomb groove structure is composed of a plurality of honeycomb units connected together, and each of the honeycomb units is provided with a tiny protrusion or hole inside.

9. A method for generating electricity using a constant current output triboelectric nanogenerator based on dielectric polymer charge hysteresis migration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, friction electrification of the slider (2) and the stator (3): the surfaces of the slider (2) and the stator (3) are mechanically rubbed, and charge separation is formed between the friction layer of the slider (2) and the friction layer of the stator (3); Step 2, charge accumulation and stabilization: As the slider (2) continues to slide, the charge on the surface of the friction layer of the slider (2) gradually accumulates and reaches a stable value; Step 3, charge leakage effect: the charges accumulated on the surface of the slider (2) and the back electrode of the stator (3) form a strong electric field therebetween, and the strong electric field triggers the charge leakage effect of the stator dielectric film; The expression of the electric field strength of the strong electric field is: Where E represents the electric field intensity, V represents the voltage across the electrodes, d represents the distance between the electrodes, Q represents the charge, ∈0 represents the vacuum permittivity, and A represents the electrode area; Step 4: Charge migration generates electrical signals: When the slider (2) moves to above the electrode (4) on one side, the charges on the surface of the dielectric film of the stator (3) undergo a charge hysteresis migration phenomenon under the action of a strong electric field, and the charges migrate downward to the back electrode in an orderly manner, generating a stable electrical signal in the external circuit; The current generated by charge migration is related to the charge mobility: Where I represents the current generated, q represents the charge, and t represents the time; Step 5, generating a reverse electrical signal: when the slider (2) moves to above the other electrode (4), the friction charges again exhibit the same migration behavior, but in the opposite direction, and at this time, an electrical signal opposite to that in the previous stage is generated in the external circuit; Step 6: Reciprocating motion generates an AC signal: As the slider (2) reciprocates, the friction charge between the slider (2) and the stator (3) continues to migrate, generating an AC signal in the external circuit; The frequency of the alternating current is determined by the frequency of the reciprocating motion of the slider (2): Among them, f represents the frequency of the alternating current, and T represents the period of the reciprocating motion of the slider.

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